Electrodeposition from ionic liquids:
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Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
[2017]
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| Edition: | Second, completely revised and enlarged edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-33602-9/ Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxxi, 504 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9783527336029 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Electrodeposition from ionic liquids |c edited by Frank Endres, Andrew Abbott, and Douglas MacFarlane |
| 250 | |a Second, completely revised and enlarged edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH |c [2017] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2017 | |
| 300 | |a xxxi, 504 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme (teilweise farbig) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 653 | |a Chemie | ||
| 653 | |a Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Dünne Schichten, Oberflächen u. Grenzflächen | ||
| 653 | |a Electrochemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Elektrochemie | ||
| 653 | |a Farben, Pigmente, Beschichtungen, Farbstoffe | ||
| 653 | |a Materials Science | ||
| 653 | |a Materialwissenschaften | ||
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| 653 | |a Thin Films, Surfaces & Interfaces | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Endres, Frank |d 1966- |0 (DE-588)114564078 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Abbott, Andrew |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a MacFarlane, Douglas |4 edt | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XVII
ABBREVIATIONS XXI
1 WHY USE IONIC LIQUIDS FOR ELECTRODEPOSITION? 1
ANDREW R ABBOTT, FRANK ENDRES, AND DOUGLAS R. MACFARLANE
1.1 NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 2
1.2 IONIC FLUIDS 3
1.3 WHAT IS AN IONIC LIQUID? 4
1.4 TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF IONIC LIQUIDS 6
1.4.1 REMOVAL OF TOXIC REAGENTS 6
1.4.2 WATER-SENSITIVE METALS 7
1.4.3 DEPOSITION ON WATER-SENSITIVE SUBSTRATES 7
1.4.4 SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODEPOSITION 7
1.4.5 DEPOSITION OF NANOARCHITECTURES 7
1.4.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY 8
1.4.7 TEMPERATURE 10
1.4.8 DILUENTS 10
1.4.9 CATION AND ADDED ELECTROLYTES 10
1.4.10 ANODE MATERIAL 10
1.4.11 BRIGHTENERS 11
1.5 CONCLUSIONS 11
REFERENCES 12
2 SYNTHESIS OF IONIC LIQUIDS 17
TOM BEYERSDORFF, THOMAS J. 5.
SCHUBERT; URS WELZ-BIERMANN, WILL PITNER,
ANDREW R ABBOTT; KATYJ. MCKENZIE, AND KARL 5.
RYDER
2.1 NANOSTRUCTURED METALS AND ALLOYS DEPOSITED FROM IONIC LIQUIDS 17
THOMASJ. 5.
SCHUBERT
2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 17
2.1.2 SYNTHESIS OF ROOM-TEMPERATURE CHLOROALUMINATE-BASED IONIC
LIQUIDS 18
2.1.2.1 INTRODUCTION 18
2.1.2.2 THE QUATERNIZATION REACTION 19
2.1.2.3 CHLOROALUMINATE SYNTHESIS 21
2.1.3
PHYSICAL DATA OF HALOALUMINATE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 24
REFERENCES 24
2.2
AIR- AND WATER-STABLE IONIC LIQUIDS 26
THOMAS J. 5.
SCHUBERT
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION 26
2.2.2
TETRAFLUOROBORATE AND HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 28
2.2.3
TRIFLATE- AND TRIFLUOROACETATE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 30
2.2.4
BISTRIFLAMIDE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 30
2.2.5
TRISPENTAFLUOROETHYLTRIFLUOROPHOSPHATE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS
31
2.2.6
CYANO-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 32
2.2.7
EFFECT OF ANION ON IONIC LIQUID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
33
2.2.8 PURITY 34
REFERENCES 35
2.3
EUTECTIC-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 38
ANDREW P. ABBOTT
2.3.1
TYPE 1 EUTECTICS 40
2.3.2
TYPE 2 EUTECTICS 44
2.3.3
TYPE 3 EUTECTICS 45
2.3.4
TYPE 4 EUTECTICS 47
2.3.5
MODELING VISCOSITY AND CONDUCTIVITY 48
2.3.6
CONCLUSIONS 50
REFERENCES 50
3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IONIC LIQUIDS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL
APPLICATIONS 55
HIROYUKI OHNO
3.1
INTRODUCTION 55
3.2
THERMAL PROPERTIES 55
3.2.1 MELTING POINT 55
3.2.1.1 EFFECT OF ION RADIUS 56
3.2.1.2
EFFECT OF CATION STRUCTURE ON THE MELTING POINT 56
3.2.1.3 ANION SPECIES 58
3.2.2
GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE 60
3.2.3 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE 60
3.2.4 LIQUID CRYSTALLINITY AND SOLID-SOLID TRANSITIONS
61
3.2.5 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
61
3.2.6
VAPOR PRESSURE 62
3.3 VISCOSITY 62
3.4 DENSITY 64
3.5 REFRACTIVE INDEX 65
3.6 POLARITY 67
3.6.1 SOLVATOCHROMISM 67
3.6.2 REICHARDTS BETAINE DYE 67
3.6.3
KAMLET-TAFT PARAMETERS 68
3.6.4 ACETYLACETONATOTETRAMETHYLETHYLDIAMINE COPPER (II) 72
3.6.5 PYRENE 73
3.6.6
NILE RED 73
3.7 SOLUBILITY OF METAL SALTS 73
3.8 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 76
3.8.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL WINDOW 76
3.8.2 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY 78
3.8.3 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF COMPONENT IONS 82
3.8.4 IONIC LIQUIDS FOR SPECIFIC ION CONDUCTION 84
3.8.4.1 IONIC LIQUIDS CONTAINING SPECIFIC IONS 84
3.8.4.2 SELECTIVE ION CONDUCTION 85
3.9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 86
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 86
REFERENCES 86
4 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS 95
4.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION IN A1C13-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS 95
THOMAS SCHUBERT
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION 95
4.1.2 GROUP I METALS 95
4.1.2.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF LITHIUM
96
4.1.2.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF SODIUM 98
4.1.3 GROUP II METALS 99
4.1.4 GROUP III METALS 100
4.1.4.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS 100
4.1.4.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF INDIUM 102
4.1.4.3 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF GALLIUM 102
4.1.5 GROUP IV METALS 102
4.1.5.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF TIN 102
4.1.6 GROUP V METALS 102
4.1.6.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ANTIMONY 102
4.1.7 GROUP VI METALS 103
4.1.7.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF TELLURIUM 103
REFERENCES 103
4.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF REFRACTORY METALS FROM IONIC LIQUIDS 104
GIRIDHAR PULLETIKURTHI, NATALIA BORISENKO, AND FRANK ENDRES
4.2.1 INTRODUCTION 104
4.2.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF TI, TA, AND NB FROM HIGH-TEMPERATURE MOLTEN
SALTS AND RTILS 106
4.2.2.1 TITANIUM ELECTRODEPOSITION 106
4.2.2.2 TANTALUM ELECTRODEPOSITION 108
4.2.2.3 NIOBIUM ELECTRODEPOSITION 110
4.2.3 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, AND ZIRCONIUM 113
4.2.3.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION STUDIES ON REFRACTORY METALS FROM
CHLOROALUMINATE
IONIC LIQUIDS 114
4.2.4 CONCLUSIONS 115
REFERENCES 115
4.3 DEPOSITION OF METALS FROM NONCHLOROALUMINATE EUTECTIC
MIXTURES 119
ANDREW P. ABBOTT AND KARL 5.
RYDER
4.3.1 INTRODUCTION 119
4.3.2 TYPE 1 EUTECTICS 122
4.3.2.1 CHLOROZINCATE IONIC LIQUIDS 122
4.3.2.2 OTHER TYPE 1 EUTECTICS 124
4.3.3 TYPE 2 EUTECTICS 125
4.3.4 TYPE 3 EUTECTICS 126
4.3.5 TYPE 4 EUTECTICS 128
4.3.6 LEWIS ACIDITY EFFECTS ON DEPOSIT MORPHOLOGY 129
4.3.7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 129
REFERENCES 131
4.4 TROUBLESOME ASPECTS 132
ANDREW P. ABBOTT AND FRANK ENDRES
4.4.1 DEPOSITION OF REACTIVE ELEMENTS 132
4.4.2 VISCOSITY/CONDUCTIVITY 134
4.4.3 IMPURITIES 134
4.4.4 ADDITIVES 135
4.4.5 CATION/ANION EFFECTS 135
4.4.6 PRICE 736
4.4.7 CONCLUSIONS 236
REFERENCES 237
4.5 COMPLEXATION AND REDOX BEHAVIOR OF METAL IONS IN IONIC LIQUIDS 237
GERO FRISCH AND JENNIFER HARTLEY
4.5.1 INTRODUCTION 237
4.5.2 METHODS OF DETERMINING METAL SPECIATION IN IONIC MEDIA 239
4.5.2.1 CONTROLLING SPECIATION IN IONIC LIQUIDS 140
4.5.2.2 MEASURING REDOX POTENTIALS IN IONIC LIQUIDS 142
4.5.2.3 SPECIATION AND REDOX BEHAVIOR 144
4.5.3 ISSUES WITH OVERPOTENTIALS AND PASSIVATION EFFECTS 148
4.5.4 OUTLOOK AND FUTURE CHALLENGES 150
REFERENCES 252
5 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS 257
1-WEN SUN AND PO-YU CHEN
5.1 INTRODUCTION 257
5.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF AL-CONTAINING ALLOYS FROM CHLOROALUMINATE
IONIC LIQUIDS 160
5.2.1 AL-TI 160
5.2.2 AL-MO 262
5.2.3 AL-ZR 262
5.2.4 AL-PT 263
5.2.5 AL-MG 264
5.2.6 AL-CE 264
5.2.7 AL-ZN 264
5.2.8 AL-W 265
5.2.9 AL-M N 265
5.2.10 AL-HF 265
5.2.11 A L-M O-M N 266
5.2.12
AL-M O-TI 166
5.2.13 A L-CR-N I
167
5.3
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ZN-CONTAINING ALLOYS FROM CHLOROZINCATE IONIC
LIQUIDS 167
5.3.1
ALLOYS OF ZN WITH CU, CD, AND SN 167
5.3.2 ZN-CO 168
5.3.3 ZN-FE
168
5.3.4
ZN-N I 169
5.3.5 ZN-M G
169
5.3.6
PT-ZN 169
5.4
FABRICATION OF A POROUS METAL SURFACE BY ELECTROCHEMICAL ALLOYING AND
DEALLOYING 170
5.5
NB-SN 171
5.6
AIR- AND WATER-STABLE IONIC LIQUIDS 171
5.6.1
PD-AU AND PD-AG 172
5.6.2 PD-IN 172
5.6.3
PD-CU 172
5.6.4 PD-SN 173
5.6.5 PD-NI 173
5.6.6 IN-SN 173
5.6.7 CU-SN 174
5.6.8
ZN-M N 174
5.6.9 CU-ZN 176
5.6.10 MG-LI
176
5.6.11
AU-AG 176
5.6.12 AL-CU 176
5.6.13 AL-FE
177
5.7 DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS 178
5.7.1
CO-PT 178
5.7.2
NI-CO 178
5.7.3 N I-ZN 178
5.7.4 NI-SN
179
5.7.5 NI-CU
179
5.7.6
ZN-CO 179
5.7.7 ZN-TI 179
5.7.8 ZN-SN 180
5.7.9 CU-GA AND CU-IN 181
5.7.10 FE-GA 181
5.7.11
CO-SM 182
5.7.12 CO-CR 182
5.8 SUMMARY 182
REFERENCES 183
6
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF SEMICONDUCTORS FROM IONIC LIQUIDS 187
NATALIA BORISENKO, ABHISHEK LAHIRI, AND FRANK ENDRES
6.1
INTRODUCTION 187
6.2
GROUP IV SEMICONDUCTORS 188
6.2.1
SI 189
6.2.2
GE 191
6.2.3 SI^G E^ AND GEXSN1-X 195
6.3
II-VI COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 196
6.3.1
CDTE 196
6.3.2
ZNTE 197
6.3.3 CDSE 197
6.3.4 METAL OXIDES (ZNO)
197
6.3.5
METAL SULFIDES (CDS, ZNS, AND SNS) 198
6.4
III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 198
6.4.1
GAAS 199
6.4.2
INSB 199
6.4.3 GASB 199
6.4.4
AL-CONTAINING SEMICONDUCTORS (ALSB AND ALLNSB) 200
6.4.5
GAN 201
6.5
OTHER COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 201
6.5.1
II-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (ZNSB) 201
6.5.2
CU-BASED CHALCOGENIDE TERNARY SEMICONDUCTORS (CUSBS2) 201
6.6 CONCLUSIONS 202
REFERENCES 204
7
CONDUCTING POLYMERS 211
JENNIFER M. PRINGLE
7.1 INTRODUCTION 211
7.2 ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION - GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
214
7.2.1
TEMPERATURE 215
7.2.2
ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 215
7.2.3
ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION POTENTIAL 216
7.2.4 ELECTRODES 216
7.2.5 ATMOSPHERE AND WATER CONTENT 217
7.2.6 CHOICE OF IL 217
7.3 SYNTHESIS OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS IN CHLOROALUMINATE ILS
219
7.3.1 POLY(PYRROLE) 219
7.3.2
POLY(/?-PHENYLENE) 220
7.3.3 POLY(THIOPHENE)S AND POLY(FLUORENE) 221
7.3.4
POLY(ANILINE) 221
7.4
SYNTHESIS OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS IN AIR- AND WATER-STABLE ILS 221
7.4.1 POLY(PYRROLE) 221
7.4.2 POLY(THIOPHENE)S 223
7.4.3 POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) 229
7.4.4 POLY(/?-PHENYLENE) 232
7.4.5
POLY(ANILINE) 233
7.4.6 COPOLYMERS, COMPOSITES, AND NANOSTRUCTURED POLYMERS 233
7.5
CHARACTERIZATION 235
7.5.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION 236
7.5.2 MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION 238
7.5.3 SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION 241
7.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 244
REFERENCES 245
8 NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 253
8.1 NANOSTRUCTURED METALS AND ALLOYS DEPOSITED FROM IONIC LIQUIDS 253
ROLFHEMPELMANN AND HARALD NATTER
8.1.1 INTRODUCTION 253
8.1.2 PULSED ELECTRODEPOSITION FROM AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES 255
8.1.2.1 FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS 255
8.1.2.2 NANOMETAL DEPOSITION WITH NANO-GOLD AS AN EXAMPLE 257
8.1.2.3 NANOALLOY DEPOSITION WITH FE^ NI1-;C ALLOYS AS AN EXAMPLE 258
8.1.3 SPECIAL FEATURES OF IONIC LIQUIDS AS ELECTROLYTES 259
8.1.4 NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS AND ALLOYS FROM CHLOROMETALLATE-BASED IONIC
LIQUIDS 261
8.1.5 NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS FROM AIR- AND WATER-STABLE IONIC LIQUIDS
266
8.1.6 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 273
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 273
REFERENCES 274
8.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ORDERED MACROPOROUS MATERIALS FROM IONIC
LIQUIDS 278
YAO LI AND JIUPENG ZHAO
8.2.1 INTRODUCTION 278
8.2.2 3DOM GERMANIUM AND SILICON 279
8.2.3 3DOM GALLIUM 283
8.2.4 3DOM SILVER 284
8.2.5 3DOM ALUMINUM 284
8.2.6 3DOM COPPER 285
8.2.7 3DOM LITHIUM 285
8.2.8 3DOM ZINC AND ZINC OXIDE 285
8.2.9 3DOM CONDUCTING POLYMER 286
8.2.10 3DOM BILAYER FILMS 286
8.2.11 SUMMARY 288
REFERENCES 288
8.3 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANOWIRES FROM IONIC LIQUIDS 289
1-WEN SUN AND PO-YU CHEN
8.3.1 INTRODUCTION 289
8.3.2 TEMPLATE-ASSISTED ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANOWIRES 290
8.3.2.1 SILVER 290
8.3.2.2 ALUMINUM 291
8.3.2.3 ZINC 292
8.3.2.4 TIN 294
5.3.2.5 ZINC-COPPER AND ZINC-TIN 294
8.3.2.6 COBALT 294
8.3.2.7 GERMANIUM AND SILICON SEMICONDUCTORS 295
8.3.2.S CONDUCTING POLYMERS 295
8.3.3 TEMPLATE-FREE ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANOWIRES 296
8.3.3.1 NANOWIRES GROWN FROM CHLOROMETALATE ILS 296
S.3.3.2 TIN, TIN-SILICON, AND TELLURIUM FROM NONCHLOROMETALLATE ILS 300
8.3.4 SUMMARY 302
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 302
REFERENCES 303
8.4 ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANOWIRE ELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM
BATTERIES 304
SHERIFZEIN EL ABEDIN
8.4.1 INTRODUCTION 304
8.4.2 TEMPLATE-ASSISTED ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANOWIRES/TUBES 305
8.4.2.1 SILICON 305
8.4.2.2 GERMANIUM 306
8.4.2.3 ALUMINUM 308
8.4.2.4 LITHIUM 311
8.4.2.5 TIN AND ZINC 312
8.4.3 TEMPLATE-FREE ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANOWIRES 314
8.4.4 SUMMARY 316
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 317
REFERENCES 317
9 IONIC LIQUID-SOLID INTERFACES 321
HUA LI, TIMO CARSTENS, AARON ELBOURNE, NATALIA BORISENKO, RENE GUSTUS,
FRANK END RES, AND ROB ATKIN
9.1 INTRODUCTION 321
9.2 IL-AU(L 11) INTERFACE 322
9.3 IL-HOPG INTERFACE 327
9.4 INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES ON THE IL-ELECTRODE INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE 332
9.5 THIN FILMS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN ULTRAHIGH VACUUM (UHV) 335
9.6 OUTLOOK 339
REFERENCES 339
10 PLASMA ELECTROCHEMISTRY WITH IONIC LIQUIDS 345
JUERGEN JANEK, MARCUS ROHNKE, MANUEL POELLETH, AND SEBASTIAN A. MEISS
10.1 INTRODUCTION 345
10.2 CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES 346
10.2.1 PLASMA ELECTROCHEMISTRY 346
10.2.2 LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS: ELECTRODES OR ELECTROLYTES? 347
10.2.3 THE PLASMA-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE 348
10.2.4 TYPES OF PLASMAS AND REACTORS 350
10.3 EARLY STUDIES 351
10.4 THE STABILITY OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN PLASMA EXPERIMENTS 355
10.5 PLASMA ELECTROCHEMICAL METAL DEPOSITION IN IONIC LIQUIDS 359
10.5.1 DEPOSITION OF SILVER METAL 360
10.5.2 DEPOSITION OF COPPER METAL 364
10.5.3 DEPOSITION OF PLATINUM METAL 365
10.5.4 DEPOSITION OF PALLADIUM METAL 365
10.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 367
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 368
REFERENCES 368
11 IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY ON ELECTRODE | IONIC LIQUID
INTERFACES 373
JENS WALLAUER, MARCO BALABAJEW, AND BERNHARD ROLING
11.1 INTRODUCTION 373
11.1.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY 374
11.1.2 THE IMPEDANCE RESPONSE OF COMMON SYSTEMS 375
11.2 MEASUREMENT: BASICS AND PITFALLS 378
11.2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLES OF IMPEDANCE ANALYZERS 3 78
11.2.2 ARTIFACTS IN MEASUREMENTS WITH MORE THAN TWO ELECTRODES 379
11.2.3 CONCLUSIONS 381
11.3 ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA 381
11.3.1 FITTING 382
11.3.1.1 INTRODUCTION 382
11.3.1.2 INITIALIZATION OF FITTING ALGORITHMS 382
11.3.1.3 WEIGHTING 383
11.3.1.4 FIT QUALITY AND DATA VALIDITY 384
11.3.2 CONCLUSIONS 386
11.4 APPLICATION: IE INTERFACES AT METAL ELECTRODES 387
11.4.1 INTRODUCTION 387
11.4.2 MEASUREMENT AND DATA ANALYSIS 389
11.4.3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 390
11.4.4 RESULTS 391
11.4.4.1 [PYRR14]FAP 391
11.4.4.2 [EMIM]FAP 392
11.4.4.3 ORIGIN OF THE FAST CAPACITIVE PROCESS 392
11.4.4.4 ORIGIN OF THE SLOW CAPACITIVE PROCESS 393
11.4.5 CONCLUSIONS 394
REFERENCES 395
12 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 401
12.1 METAL DISSOLUTION PROCESSES 401
ANDREW P. ABBOTT; WRYA KARIM, AND KARL 5. RYDER
12.1.1 COUNTER ELECTRODE REACTIONS 402
12.1.1.1 PRETREATMENT PROTOCOL 405
REFERENCES 408
12.2 REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN ROOM-TEMPERATURE IONIC
LIQUIDS 408
DOUGLAS R. MACFARLANE
12.2.1 WHAT IS A REFERENCE ELECTRODE? 408
12.2.2 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A REFERENCE ELECTRODE 410
12.2.3 PSEUDO-REFERENCE ELECTRODES AND INTERNAL REDOX REFERENCE
COUPLES 411
12.2.4 LIQUID JUNCTION POTENTIALS 412
12.2.5 REFERENCE ELECTRODES IN RTILS: WHAT HAS BEEN USED? 412
12.2.6 RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMENTS 417
12.2.6.1 WHEN AND HOW CAN I USE A PSEUDO-REFERENCE ELECTRODE IN
VOLTAMMETRY? 417
12.2.6.2 HOW DO I CONDUCT AN ELECTROSYNTHETIC EXPERIMENT UNDER POTENTIAL
CONTROL? 420
12.2.6.3 WHAT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR RIGOROUS, QUANTITATIVE
VOLTAMMETRY? 420
REFERENCES 422
12.3 PROCESS SCALE-UP 424
ANDREW R ABBOTT
12.3.1 CHROMIUM 424
12.3.2 ZINC ALLOYS 424
12.3.3 IMMERSION SILVER 426
12.3.4 ELECTROPOLISHING 427
12.3.5 GENERAL ISSUES 430
12.3.6 MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY 430
12.3.7 PRETREATMENT PROTOCOLS 431
12.3.8 CONDUCTIVITY AND ADDED ELECTROLYTES 432
12.3.8.1 BRIGHTENERS 433
12.3.8.2 COUNTER ELECTRODE REACTIONS 434
12.3.8.3 POSTTREATMENT PROTOCOLS AND WASTE TREATMENT 434
12.3.8.4 SUPPLY 435
12.3.8.5 BREAKDOWN AND RECYCLING 435
12.3.9 CONCLUSIONS 436
REFERENCES 436
12.4 TOWARD REGENERATION AND REUSE OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN
ELECTROPLATING 438
DANIEL WATERCAMP AND JORG THOEMING
12.4.1 INTRODUCTION 439
12.4.2 RECOVERY, REGENERATION, AND REUSE OF ELECTROLYTES IN
ELECTROPLATING 440
12.4.2.1 THE CONCEPT 440
12.4.2.2 REGENERATION OPTIONS FOR WATER-BASED PROCESS LIQUORS 441
12.4.2.3 REGENERATION OPTIONS FOR IONIC LIQUIDS IN ELECTROPLATING 444
12.4.3 CASE STUDY 448
12.4.4 CONCLUSIONS 452
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 453
REFERENCES 453
12.5 IMPURITIES 457
ANDREW P.
ABBOTT; FRANK ENDRES AND DOUGLAS MACFARLANE
12.5.1 ORIGIN OF IMPURITIES 457
12.5.1.1 SYNTHETIC IMPURITIES 457
12.5.1.2 WATER 458
12.5.1.3 GASEOUS IMPURITIES 459
12.5.1.4 PARTICULATE IMPURITIES 459
12.5.2 IMPURITIES IN DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS 459
12.5.3 IMPACT OF IMPURITIES ON ELECTROCHEMISTRY 461
A.L PROTOCOL FOR THE DEPOSITION OF ZINC FROM A TYPE III IONIC LIQUID 467
A.1.1 PREPARATION OF IONIC LIQUIDS 467
A.2 ELECTROPLATING EXPERIMENT 467
A.2.1 METHOD 467
A.2.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 468
REFERENCES 468
13 PLATING PROTOCOLS 469
FRANK ENDRES, SHERIFZEIN EL ABEDIN, DOUGLAS R. MACFARLANE, KARL S.
RYDER, AND
ANDREW P. ABBOTT
13.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF A1 FROM [C2MIM]CL/ALCL3 469
13.1.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 469
13.1.2 CHEMICALS AND PREPARATION 470
13.1.3 RESULTS 470
13.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF A1 FROM L-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUMCHLORIDE-
AICI3-TOLUENE 472
13.2.1 APPARATUS, MATERIALS, AND CHEMICALS 472
13.2.2 PREPARATION OF ALCL3-[C 4MIM]CL-TOLUENE IONIC LIQUID MIXTURE
([2:1]: 3) 472
13.2.3 PRETREATMENTS 472
13.2.3.1 CATHODE (MILD STEEL RODS) 472
13.2.3.2 ANODE (AL) 473
13.2.4 ELECTROPLATING AND MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS 473
13.2.5 RESULTS 473
13.3 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF AL FROM [C2MIM] NTF2/ALCL3 473
13.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 474
13.3.2 CHEMICALS AND PREPARATION 474
13.3.3 RESULTS 475
13.4 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF AL FROM [C4MPYR]NTF2/ALCL3 476
13.4.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 476
13.4.2 CHEMICALS AND PREPARATION 476
13.4.3 RESULTS 476
13.5 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF LI FROM [C4MPYR]NTF2/LINTF2 477
13.6 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF TA FROM [C4MPYR]NTF2 479
13.6.1 ELECTRODES 479
13.6.2 CHEMICALS 479
13.6.3 RESULTS 479
13.7 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ZINC COATINGS FROM A CHOLINE CHLORIDE:
ETHYLENE-GLYCOL-BASED DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT 480
13.7.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 480
13.7.2 PRETREATMENT 480
13.7.3 RESULTS 481
XVI I
CONTENTS
13.8 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NICKEL COATINGS FROM A CHOLINE CHLORIDE:
ETHYLENE-GLYCOL-BASED DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT 481
REFERENCES 482
14 FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CHALLENGES 483
FRANK ENDRES, ANDREW R ABBOTT, AND DOUGLAS MACFARLANE
14.1 IMPURITIES 483
14.2 COUNTER ELECTRODES/COMPARTMENTS 485
14.3 IONIC LIQUIDS FOR REACTIVE (NANO)MATERIALS 486
14.4 NANOMATERIALS/NANOPARTICLES 486
14.5 CATION/ANION EFFECTS 487
14.6 POLYMERS FOR BATTERIES AND SOLAR CELLS 487
14.7 VARIABLE-TEMPERATURE STUDIES 488
14.8 INTRINSIC PROCESS SAFETY 488
14.9 ECONOMICS (PRICE, RECYCLING) 489
14.10 FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE GAPS 490
INDEX 491
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Endres, Frank 1966- Abbott, Andrew MacFarlane, Douglas |
| author2_role | edt edt edt |
| author2_variant | f e fe a a aa d m dm |
| author_GND | (DE-588)114564078 |
| author_facet | Endres, Frank 1966- Abbott, Andrew MacFarlane, Douglas |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044034964 |
| classification_rvk | VE 6350 VN 6040 ZM 7625 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)992556447 (DE-599)DNB1112218645 |
| dewey-full | 540 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| dewey-raw | 540 |
| dewey-search | 540 |
| dewey-sort | 3540 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | Second, completely revised and enlarged edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044034964 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:41:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16179388-5 |
| isbn | 9783527336029 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029442134 |
| oclc_num | 992556447 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-11 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-11 DE-703 |
| physical | xxxi, 504 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (teilweise farbig) |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids edited by Frank Endres, Andrew Abbott, and Douglas MacFarlane Second, completely revised and enlarged edition Weinheim Wiley-VCH [2017] © 2017 xxxi, 504 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Elektrolytlösung (DE-588)4133913-7 gnd rswk-swf Galvanische Abscheidung (DE-588)4316091-8 gnd rswk-swf Chemie Chemistry Dünne Schichten, Oberflächen u. Grenzflächen Electrochemistry Elektrochemie Farben, Pigmente, Beschichtungen, Farbstoffe Materials Science Materialwissenschaften Paints, Pigments, Coatings, Dyes Thin Films, Surfaces & Interfaces Galvanische Abscheidung (DE-588)4316091-8 s Elektrolytlösung (DE-588)4133913-7 s DE-604 Endres, Frank 1966- (DE-588)114564078 edt Abbott, Andrew edt MacFarlane, Douglas edt Wiley-VCH (DE-588)16179388-5 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePDF 978-3-527-68273-7 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, oBook 978-3-527-68270-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePub 978-3-527-68272-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, Mobi 978-3-527-68271-3 http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-33602-9/ Verlag DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029442134&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids Elektrolytlösung (DE-588)4133913-7 gnd Galvanische Abscheidung (DE-588)4316091-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4133913-7 (DE-588)4316091-8 |
| title | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids |
| title_auth | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids |
| title_exact_search | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids |
| title_full | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids edited by Frank Endres, Andrew Abbott, and Douglas MacFarlane |
| title_fullStr | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids edited by Frank Endres, Andrew Abbott, and Douglas MacFarlane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids edited by Frank Endres, Andrew Abbott, and Douglas MacFarlane |
| title_short | Electrodeposition from ionic liquids |
| title_sort | electrodeposition from ionic liquids |
| topic | Elektrolytlösung (DE-588)4133913-7 gnd Galvanische Abscheidung (DE-588)4316091-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Elektrolytlösung Galvanische Abscheidung |
| url | http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-33602-9/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029442134&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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