The last of the Tsars: Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution
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| Beschreibung: | xviii, 382 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Fotografien Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781447293095 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Illustrations xi
Maps xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
INTRODUCTION 1
1. TSAR OF ALL RUSSIA 5
2. ATGHQ 11
3. THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION 17
4. ABDICATION 21
5. TSARSKOE SELO 32
6. FAMILY LIFE 39
7. THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT 44
8. THE BRITISH OFFER 49
9. RULES AND ROUTINES 54
10. ON THE LIVES OF RULERS 59
11. KERENSKY’S DILEMMA 67
12. DISTANT TRANSFER 73
13. DESTINATION TOBOLSK 80
14. PLENIPOTENTIARY PANKRATOV 85
15. THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION 93
16. THE ROMANOV DISPERSAL 100
17. FREEDOM HOUSE 104
18. LEARNING FROM OTHERS 108
19. TIME ON THEIR HANDS 113
20. ‘OCTOBER’ IN JANUARY 118
21. THE MOSCOW DISCUSSIONS 126
22. RESCUE PLANS 132
23. THE RUSSIAN FUTURE 140
24. COMRADES ON THE MARCH 145
25. TOBOLSK AND MOSCOW 152
26. COMMISSAR YAKOVLEV 158
27. THE ORDER TO MOVE 163
28. SOUTH TO TYUMEN 169
29. DESTINATION TO BE CONFIRMED 176
30. TO THE IPATEV HOUSE 184
31. THE URALS AND ITS BOLSHEVIKS 191
32. MEANWHILE, IN TOBOLSK 198
33. ENDURING EKATERINBURG 203
34. A SENSE OF THE WORLD 211
35. CIVIL WAR 216
36. GERMAN MANOEUVRES 221
37. LAST DAYS IN THE HOUSE 228
38. THE EKATERINBURG TRAP 233
39. THE MOSCOW FULCRUM 238
40. THE MAN WHO WOULD NOT BE TSAR 243
41. NARROWED OPTIONS 248
42. DEATH IN THE CELLAR 254
43. RED EVACUATION 258
44. MURDERS, COVER-UPS, PRETENDERS 263
45. THE CZECHOSLOVAK OCCUPATION 268
46. ROMANOV SURVIVORS 274
47. THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIK INQUIRY 280
48. DISPUTE WITHOUT BONES 288
49. AFTERWORD 295
Bibliography 301
Notes 311
Index 363
Index
Abalak monastery, 137
Ai-Todor, 72, 102, 103, 274, 275, 276
Akimov, A. I., 253
Alapaevsk, 219, 243, 259, 263-4, 289, 291
Alexander I, 63
Alexander II, 8, 33, 85
Alexander III, 6, 8, 15, 28, 33, 43, 113, 279
Alexander Mikhailovich, 50
Alexander Palace (Tsarskoe Selo), 132, 136,
155
wine cellar of, 6
water supply cut off, 18
bodyguard spoken to by Alexandra, 19
description of, 32-3
possibility of being fired upon, 33
Romanovs confined at, 35-7, 44, 45, 47,
53, 71
rules and routines at, 54-8
Alexandra, Empress (Princess Alix of Hesse),
299
birth and upbringing, 8
close relationship with Nicholas, 8, 39,
140
reaction to death of Rasputin, 17
objects to Nicholas returning to
headquarters, 18
refuses to accept political dangers, 18
reacts stoically to insurgents, 19
learns of the abdication, 30
refuses to leave Tsarskoe Selo, 32
placed under arrest, 35
character and description, 39-41, 43,
47-8, 143, 178
hatred of, 39-40
importance of Rasputin to, 41
religious beliefs, 41
regards Kerensky with intense suspicion,
47
unwilling to move to England, 53
life at Tsarskoe Selo, 55-6, 59
accusations against in anonymous
biography of Nicholas, 67
detention in Tobolsk, 91
unaware of events in the capital, 97
financial acumen, 106, 128
relationship with Pankratov, 109-10
relationship with Klavdia Bitner, 111,
142-3
as intensive reader after February
Revolution, 113
correspondence of, 120, 134-5, 137-8,
142,223-4
comment on peace terms, 130
concerned for Markovs safety, 137-8
tirades against the Kaiser and Germany,
141-2
remains optimistic, 145
favourite food, 150
agrees to see Yakovlev, 161
stoic unhappiness at leaving Alexei behind
in Tobolsk, 163-8
refuses to sit next to Matveev, 167-8
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169-74
taken to the Ipatev residence, 187-8, 203,
206
requests that her jewels be brought to
Ekaterinburg, 200
execution of, 255
see also Romanov family
Alexandra, Queen, 277, 278, 279
Alexandrovich, V. A., 240
Alexeev, Mikhail
gives daily report to Nicholas, 11
overhauls the high command, 14
crumbling of loyalty to Nicholas, 15
joined by Nicholas in Mogilev, 18
pleads with Nicholas to change his mind,
20
364
INDEX
Alexeev, Mikhail (cont)
appeals to Nicholas’s sense of patriotic
duty, 21, 22
tells Nicholas to abdicate, 22
draft abdication manifesto, 24
ordered to guard the emperor, 34
Nikolais responsibilities devolved to, 37
sends Nicholas’s ideas on exile to Lvov,
50
helps to recruit Volunteer Army, 216, 225,
226, 246, 274
refuses to adopt a German orientation,
227
and raising of army in the south, 240
hears rumours concerning the Romanovs,
246-7
gathers armed force to bring back
Romanov monarchy, 262
assigns men to guard the Romanovs in
Crimea, 274
death of, 285
Alexeev, Nikolai, 127
Alexeev, V. V., 297
Alexei, Emperor, 6
Alexei Nikolaevich
as successor to Nicholas, 10, 22, 24-5, 27,
143-4, 299
as haemophiliac, 15, 23, 40-1
expected to stay with his father, 23
character and description, 42, 111-12,
144
in contact with Kerensky, 45
upset at impounding of his toy rifle,
57-8
rebuked by Nikolski for peeking through
the fence, 87
life at Freedom House, 105, 200
education of, 110, 111
health of, 121, 144, 161, 201
ceases to admire Rasputin, 144
too ill to move from Tobolsk, 163-5
arrival at Ekaterinburg, 201-2
attends church service in Ipatev house,
206
life at Ipatev house, 208
execution of, 254-7, 255, 256
see also Romanov family
All-Russia Congress of Peasants’ Deputies,
127
All-Russia Congress of Soviets (Second), 96
American Hotel (Ekaterinburg), 244, 251
anarchists, 220, 235
Anastasia Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess
ill with measles, 42
character and description, 43
writes account of journey to Tobolsk,
78
comments on Tobolsk, 105
correspondence of, 105, 120
life at Freedom House, 105
sees Solovëv walk past Freedom House,
134
burns her diaries and correspondence,
161
arrival at Ekaterinburg, 201-2
shot fired at, 230
execution of, 254-7
believed to be alive in Perm, 283-4
Anna Anderson claims to be, 294
see also Romanov family
Anderson, Anna, 294
Anuchin (deputy to Goloshchëkin), 250
Apraxin, Count Pëtr, 54
Arakcheev, Alexei, 64
Archangel, 272
Ardashev, Alexander, 241
Ardashev, Vladimir, 241
Arkhipov, Dr K. S., 184, 250
Asha-Balashev iron works, 204
Ataman Hotel (Ekaterinburg), 243
Austria, Austrians, 108, 224
Austria-Hungary, 95, 126-7, 218, 270
Avanesov, V. A., 160, 258
Avdeev, Alexander
character and description, 148
at Freedom House, 149, 156, 161
meets Yakovlev in Tyumen, 160
arrests and releases Zaslavski, 162
ordered to commandeer a train in
Tyumen, 170
distrusts Yakovlev, 174, 175
travels under duress with Yakovlev, 178-9
apparently agrees with Yakovlev’s claims
concerning Ekaterinburg, 181
accompanies the Romanovs to
Ekaterinburg, 188
accuses Yakovlev of loyalty to Nicholas,
189
INDEX
365
in charge of the Romanovs, 203-4, 205,
206, 207, 209
considered corrupt and incompetent,
228-9
discovers evidence of malfeasance at
Ipatev house, 228
Avdonin, A. N., 297
Barnaul, 108
Basic Law, 29
Bauer, Rudolph, 239
Bazili, Nikolai, 7, 21, 24, 52
Beloborodov, Alexander
and possibility of Germans influencing
release of the Romanovs, 147
puts Red Guards under the command of
Khokhryakov, 148
and possibility of anti-Bolshevists in the
area, 149
character and description, 154
elected chairman of the Urals Regional
Soviet Executive Committee,
154
experiences lengthy terms of
imprisonment, 154
condemns Yakovlev as a traitor, 176-8
warned not to interfere without Moscow’s
agreement, 179, 181
warns Zaslavski not to prevent delivery
of the Romanovs at Ekaterinburg,
180
chooses the Ipatev residence for the
Romanovs, 184
loses control of situation when the
Romanovs arrive in Ekaterinburg,
186
escorts the Romanovs to Ipatev house,
187-8
unwilling to work with Yakovlev, 189
known as a Left Communist, 191, 197
closes down old education administration,
194-5
apparent friendship with Yakovlev, 199
alarmed at possible retribution against the
Romanovs, 203
allows Sednëv and Nagorny to return to
their home provinces, 205
refuses to let foreign in-laws see or speak
to the Romanovs, 209
informs Nicholas of change of personnel
at Ipatev, 229
assures Sverdlov that all is well at Ipatev
house, 230
suspected of providing false information
to Moscow, 234
requests help from Moscow against
encroaching Czechoslovak Legion,
235-7
sends message of solidarity to Moscow,
241
put in direct-line contact with the
Kremlin, 242
rebuked by Lenin, 246
decides that executions be carried out
when sanctioned by Moscow, 251
discusses arrangements for executions,
251
informs Moscow of Romanov executions,
258
conversation with Sverdlov on events in
the Urals, 259
organizes evacuation of Ekaterinburg,
260-1
distances himself from decision to kill the
Romanovs, 266
disliked by Nicholas who believes he is a
Jew, 204
Benkendorf, Count Pavel, 30, 46, 75, 77,
222
Berezov, 149
Berlin, 3, 126, 219, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227,
265, 267, 277, 278
Berzins, Reinhold, 234-5
Besedovskii, G. Z., 248
Bitner, Klavdia, 299
affair with Kobylinski, 35, 110
becomes tutor to the Romanov daughters,
110-11
opinions of Nicholas, 111, 116, 143
relationship with Alexei, 111-12
witnesses Alexandra’s tirades against
Germany, 141
arguments with Alexandra, 142-3
asks Alexei what he would do if he came
to the throne, 143-4
Black Hundreds, 262
Black Sea, 8, 19
Blok, Alexander, 61
366
INDEX
Blyumkin, Yakov, 239-40
Bogaevski, Afrikan, 217
Bogrov, comrade, 234
Bolshevik Central Committee, 68, 96, 127,
129, 153, 191, 233, 234, 243-4, 272, 281
Bolshevik Party, 95, 233, 272, 285
Bolshevik Party Regional Committee, 241
Bolsheviks, 5, 18, 55, 70, 83, 94, 96-7, 98,
115, 118, 121, 122, 131, 137, 141, 145,
151, 152, 153, 158, 178, 191-7, 198, 210,
216-20, 221, 227, 249, 260, 271-2, 274,
279, 280
Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir, 152, 234, 248
Borki, 172
Botkin, Dr Evgeni
treats Nicholas with iodine, 13
involved in Alexei’s medical care, 22
makes a quiet medical study of the
Romanovs, 40-1
enamoured of his association with the
Romanovs, 42
accompanies Nicholas as his personal
physician, 74
hands out pills to calm the family, 77
passes on gifts to the Romanovs, 89
enquires as to when Nicholas may walk
outside, 90
dines at the same table as the Romanovs,
106
impresses on Nicholas the need for
guards, 119
accompanies the Romanovs from Tobolsk,
165, 167, 168
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169
suffers from swollen kidneys, 172
tells Nicholas that his daily exercise is to
be limited, 207
arranges for Nicholas to have his meals in
bed, 208
attempts to extend the time allowed
outside, 210
execution of, 255, 284
Botkina, Tatyana, 124, 135, 136, 138, 293
Boyle, Colonel Joseph, 275, 276-7
Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918), 129-31, 141,
152, 164, 165, 197, 215, 218, 219, 221,
223, 225-6, 227, 236, 239, 240, 241, 244,
265, 274, 275
Brezhnev, Leonid, 296, 298
Brusilov, General Alexei, 14, 22
Brussels, 159
Bublikov, Alexander, 34
Buchanan, Sir George, 50, 51, 54, 69, 100
Buchanan, Lady Georgiana, 50
Buimirov, Deacon Vasily, 231
Bulygin, Pavel, 278, 286
Buxhoeveden, Sophia, 10, 13, 48, 75, 123-4,
137, 199, 201, 208, 223, 293
Buyvid, Viktor, 269
Bykov, Pavel, 185, 249, 290
Calthorpe, Vice-Admiral Arthur, 277
Capri, 158, 179
Catherine the Great, 24, 64, 297
Caucasus, 14, 33, 36, 90
Central Executive Committee of the
Congress of Soviets, 152-3, 160, 163,
166, 258
Central Executive Committee Presidium,
153, 234
Central Powers, 70, 191
Chaira, 72
Cheka (political police), 127, 159, 185, 193,
235, 240, 241, 243, 244, 251, 259, 263,
266
Chekhov, Anton, 59, 214
The Bear, 104
Chelyabinsk, 80, 159, 175, 182, 192, 210, 218,
219, 220, 270, 271, 272, 285
Chemodurov, Terenti, 165, 167, 262, 266, 281
Chernov, Viktor, 68, 101, 122
China, 5, 291, 292
Chistyakov, S. A., 110
Chita, 124, 285, 286, 292
Chkheidze, Nikolai, 34, 44, 51
Chudinov, D. M., 167, 171
Church of the Annunciation (Tobolsk), 91,
107, 121, 125
civil war, 216-20, 285
Committee of Members of the Constituent
Assembly (Komuch), 122, 280
communists, communism, 96-7, 102, 148,
186, 191
see also Bolsheviks
Congress of Soviets, 83, 159, 192, 239, 241
Congress of Urals Metal Producers (1917),
195
Constantinople, 277
INDEX
367
Constituent Assembly, 30, 75, 103, 120,
122-3, 126, 193, 194
Constitutional Democrats (Kadets), 55, 70,
94, 115, 192-3, 225, 235, 241
Cossacks, 18, 80, 93, 217, 220
Council of Ministers, 9, 12, 13, 20, 27
Council of People’s Commissars
(Sovnarkom), 96, 97, 118-19, 122-3,
126-9, 141, 147, 152, 175, 191, 193, 194,
195, 197, 210, 218, 219, 220, 233, 234,
236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 248, 253,
258, 264, 265, 272, 277, 293
Crimea, 37, 50, 70, 72, 129, 274, 276, 277
Crimean Cavalry, 136
Crimean Regiment, 133
Crimean War, 64
Czechoslovak Legion, 210, 218-19, 220,
230-1, 235-6, 237, 239, 249, 251, 257,
259, 262, 268-73, 280
Daily Graphic, 118, 284
Dane, Miss, 276
Dardanelles, 68
Decembrist Revolt (1825), 63, 64
Degtyarev, 146, 147
Dehn, Lili, 45
Dekonski, Ensign, 74
Demidova, Anna, 120, 165, 167, 168, 284
Demyanov, Commissar A. D„ 146, 147, 155,
160
Den, Yulia, 133
Denikin, Anton, 285
Denmark, 72
Department of Police, 17
Derevenko, Kolya, 42, 105, 200
Derevenko, Dr Vladimir, 74-5, 207, 210, 230
Didkovski, Boris, 148, 156, 157, 170, 177,
180, 187, 188, 191, 203-4
Diterikhs, General Mikhail, 281-2, 286,
289-90, 291
Murder of the Tsarist Family and Members
of the House of Romanov in the Urals,
291
Dmitri Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 278
Dolgorukov, Vasili
discusses uncertain future, 35
believes the public still respected him, 36
accompanies Nicholas in his outside
pursuits, 55, 105
bids farewell to the Romanovs, 77
enquires as to when the Romanovs could
walk outside Freedom House, 90
dines with the Romanovs at the same
table, 106
asked to deal with financial situation, 128
given roubles to help Romanovs, 136
and press reports on the Romanovs, 142
treated as a prisoner, 153
gives up his ceremonial sword, 156
discusses removal of Romanovs from
Tobolsk, 164
accompanies the Romanovs from Tobolsk,
165, 167, 168
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169
sent to Ekaterinburg prison, 198, 204
Domodzyants (Armenian ensign), 73
Don basin, 194
Don province, 129
Doyle, Arthur Conan
Sherlock Holmes stories, 59-60
Hound of the Baskervilles, 59
Valley of Fear, 59
Duma, 8, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 29, 34
Dumas, Alexandre, The Count of Monte
Cristo, 65-6
Dutov, General Alexander, 193, 194, 197,
217, 218
Dutsman, Commissar V. D., 145-6, 147, 155,
160
Dzierzynski, Felix, 240, 265
Edward VII, 33
Efimov, Ensign, 77
Efremov, Mikhail, 235
Ekaterinburg, 1, 134, 136, 145, 159, 290, 298
Romanovs transferred to, 5, 166, 180-3,
186
size of, 80, 250
as regional centre for the Urals, 145,
147-8
wishes to increase its influence and
importance, 147-50
told to ready itself for arrival of the
Romanovs, 154-7
militia in Tobolsk, 160
considered unsafe, 172, 174, 175, 176,
177
Romanovs’ arrival in, 186-8
368
INDEX
Ekaterinburg (cont.)
reasons for being chosen as Romanovs’
stopping place, 191-2
Bolsheviks and revolutionaries in, 192-4,
195-7
as supreme power in the Urals, 194-5
troublemakers sent to, 199
Romanovs’ life in, 203-10
as magnet for monarchist groups, 208-9
military capacity strengthened in, 218
surrounded by enemies, 219-20, 230-2,
235-7,239,259
intermittent support given to, 233
rumours concerning, 234-5
divisions with Moscow, 241
Red evacuation of, 257
evacuation of, 260-2, 268
Czechoslovak occupation, 268-73
falls again to the Reds, 285
Ekaterinburg Bolsheviks, 181, 189, 190, 192,
197, 220, 258
Ekaterinburg District Soviet, 83
Ekaterinburg monastery, 206
Ekaterinburg prison, 198, 204, 261-2
Ekaterinburg Soviet, 193, 236, 258
Elizaveta Fedorovna, Grand Duchess, 243
Engels, Friedrich, 97
England, 49
Ermogen, Bishop, 148, 204
Ernst of Hesse, Prince (alias Major Haase),
224, 225-6, 227, 294
Executive Committee, 33, 34, 51
Extraordinary Investigative Commission, 45,
46
The Fall of the Tsarist Regime (stenographic
record of investigation), 294
February Revolution (1917), 1, 2, 5, 17-20,
37, 39, 47, 49, 56, 72, 78, 101, 107, 133,
140, 226, 246, 252, 293, 298
Fedorov, Professor Sergei, 22-3, 35
Fedorovich, Alexander, 47
Finland, 69, 100
France, 49, 84, 95, 270, 276
Frederikhs, Count Vladimir, 8, 25
Freedom House (formerly Governor’s House)
(Tobolsk), 155-6
difficulties guarding the house and
occupants, 87-8, 119-25, 155-7,
160-2
furniture and wine sent to, 88-9
Romanovs’ confinement at, 91, 102, 104-7,
119-20, 150-1, 156-7, 161-2, 200-1
budgetary constraints and dismissal of
servants, 128-9
rescue plans and raids considered, 132-9,
200
turbulence and chaos surrounding,
146-51, 152-7
security improved at, 160, 200
removal of the Romanovs from, 163-8
Khokhryakov in charge of, 198-9, 200
French Revolution, 65, 211-12
Galkin (telegraphist), 161
Gatchina, 19, 102
Gendrikova, Anastasia, 89, 106, 110, 153,
201, 262, 274
George V, 1, 52, 69, 157, 278
Georgi Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 100-1,
243, 278
Georgi (or Zhorzhik) (bow-legged stoker),
124
Germany, Germans, 49, 67, 84, 95, 108, 109,
126-7, 130-1, 140-2, 197, 218, 219,
221-7, 239, 240, 241, 249, 258-9, 265,
272, 274, 275-6, 277
Germogen, Bishop, 107, 137, 138, 146, 198
George V, 277
Gibbes, Sydney
comments on Nicholas, 7
expected to join in games, 42
expects to return to England, 53
barred from returning to Alexander
Palace, 54
asks Anastasia to compose account of
journey to Tobolsk, 78
comment on life in Tobolsk, 104-7
accompanies Miss Bitner to Tobolsk, 111
lends Nicholas a book by J. R. R. Greene,
113
takes correspondence to the post office,
120
dislike of Kirpichnikov, 137
given the choice to stay or leave Freedom
House, 153
INDEX
369
believes Yakovlev to be a decent fellow,
161
takes final photograph of Romanov family,
169
continually presses consulates to secure
Romanovs’ release, 208
contacted by Sokolov, 292
Gibbons, Edward, Decline and Fall of the
Roman Empire, 61
Gilliard, Pierre
learns of Nicholas’s form of government,
10, 140
comment on Rasputin, 41
expected to play games with Alexei, 42
told of the Romanovs’ exile plans, 53
agrees that Alexei’s toy rifle should be
confiscated, 58
comments on Kerensky and Pankratov, 86
life at Freedom House, 104, 105, 106
overhears conversation between Nicholas
and Pankratov, 109
asked to deal with financial situation, 128
comment on Nicholas’s distress, 130
fears the worst, 145
gives up his ceremonial sword, 156
comment on Rodionov, 199
arrives at Ekaterinburg, 201
attempts to delay departure to
Ekaterinburg, 201
continually presses consulates to secure
Romanovs’ release, 208
suspicions aroused concerning German
involvement in the Romanov
question, 223
believes Janin should take charge of
evidence boxes, 286
interrogations mentioned in print, 289
produces eyewitness account of his
experiences, 293
Gippius, Zinaida, 61
Girs, Ambassador, 292
Gogol, Nikolai
Meditations on the Divine Liturgy, 113
The Wedding, 113
Golitsyn, Count Nikolai, 13, 20
Golitsyn, Vasili, 224
Golodnikov, K„ Tobolsk and its Surroundings,
113
Goloputovskoe, 149
Goloshchekin, Filipp
character and description, 154-5
sends units to strengthen force from
Ekaterinburg, 157
dispute with Yakovlev, 159
apparently recalls Zaslavski to
Ekaterinburg, 166
Yakovlev remonstrates with him
concerning Zaslavski, 170
sent angry complaint from Yakovlev on
Zaslavski, 175
believed to have concealed important
information, 177
denies recalling Zaslavski to Ekaterinburg,
179
tells Yakovlev to return to Ekaterinburg,
182
decides to put the Romanovs in the Ipatev
house, 184, 185-6
arranges Red Guards escort for the
Romanovs, 188
tells Yakovlev that he has lost his
revolutionary spirit, 189
content to remain in Ekaterinburg, 191
realizes that Soviet finances in ruinous
condition, 195
hand picks detachment to guard
Romanovs, 205
refuses to let foreign in-laws see or speak
to the Romanovs, 209
sends urgent plea to Moscow to bail them
out, 236-7
attends Congress of Soviets in Moscow,
239, 241, 242
discusses Romanov situation with Lenin,
248
possible knowledge of agreement to
execution of the Romanovs, 249
discusses execution of the Romanovs, 250,
251
asked about the Romanov executions, 251
gives fiery speech on execution of
Nicholas, 260
claims that he was not Russian, 282
Golyshmanovo, 149, 216
Gorbunov, Vladimir, 258
Goremykin, Ivan, 13
Gorky, Maxim, 158
Gorshkov, Fedor, 167, 198, 204, 269, 289
370
INDEX
Governors House (Mogilev), 11
Governors House (Tobolsk) see Freedom
House
Grabbe, Count Alexander, 54
Great War, 5, 10, 25
Eastern Front, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22, 25, 70,
84, 99, 102, 118, 129, 219, 221
Russian defeats, 13-14
Western front, 14, 126, 270, 274
secret treaties (1915), 68
possibility of Russian defeat, 95-6
ending of, 126-31, 277
and Czechoslovak Legion, 218-19
Greece, 5
Greene, J. R. R., A Short History of the
English People, 113
Gribunin, Semen, 34
Grishchenko, Sergeant, 119
Guchkov, Alexander, 25-8, 29, 30, 46, 48, 68
Gusyatski (deputy commander of
Ekaterinburg troops), 172, 175, 176,
182
Guzakov, Petr, 157, 170, 171, 172, 174, 181
Haase, Major (professional alias) see Ernst of
Hesse, Prince
Hanbury-Williams, Major General John, 30,
50
Harbin, 286
Harding, Sir Charles, 69
Helsinki, 100
Hill, Captain George, 275
Hindenburg, Paul von, 221, 275, 276
HMS Marlborough, 278
Hoover Institution (Stanford University), 296
Hosking, Geoffrey, 297
Hotel Bristol (Mogilev), 11
Hughes apparatus, 50, 93, 174, 180, 181, 233,
248, 259
Hugo, Victor, Quatre-vingt treizey 65
Ievlevo, 170
Igor Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 243
India, 5
Ioann Konstantinovich, 209
Ioffe, Adolf, 265
Ioffe, Genrikh, 297
Iordanski, V, 284
Ipatev, Nikolai, 184-5, 196, 214, 268
Ipatev residence (Ekaterinburg)
requisitioned for the Romanovs, 184-6
Romanov arrival at, 188, 202
Romanovs’ life at, 203-10
guarding of, 205, 208, 228-9
evidence of malfeasance and illicit
practices at, 228-30
services conducted at, 231
as site of executions, 253, 254-7, 290, 291
aftermath of the executions, 259-61
nuns turned away after Romanov
executions, 261
Irkutsk, 5
Istanbul, 288
Ivanov, Dr, 283
Ivanov, Fëdor, 269
Ivanov, General, 21, 53
Ivanov, Pavel, 268
Ivanov (Tsarevichs valet), 168
Ivanovski monastery, 90
Izhevsk Steel Foundry, 280
Izvestiya, 233
Jäger, Oskar, World Historyy 113
Janin, General Maurice, 286-7
Japan, 5, 8
Jassy, 275
Jews, 146, 282
hated by Nicholas, 9, 114-17, 204
in Mogilëv, 11
Kuropatkihs views on, 60
Georgi Mikhailovichs views on, 100-1
prominence of, 115
Niluss views on, 116-17
Markov’s dislike of, 133
persecution of, 171
slaughter of, 262
hated by Diterikhs, 286
blamed for Romanov killings, 289
Sokolovs views on, 292-3
Johnson, Nikolai, 244, 245
Journal des Débats, 118
Julian, Emperor, 61
The Beard-Hater, 60
Kazan, 270
Kadet Party, 107, 193
Kadets see Constitutional Democrats
Kadomtsev, A., 217
INDEX
371
Kaledin, General Alexei, 101, 193
Kalinin, Saveli, 34
Kamkov, Boris, 239
Kamyshlov, 205
Karelin, Vladimir, 128
Kasso, L. A., Russia on the Danube, 60
Kaufman-Turkestanski, 15
Kazan, 270, 271, 280
Kent (naval vessel), 290
Kerensky, Alexander, 2, 28, 293
objects to Mikhail succeeding his brother,
29
refuses to endorse the execution of
Nicholas, 34
removes Vyrubova to prison in Petrograd,
36
in charge of the Romanovs, 44-8
attempts to separate Nicholas and
Alexandra, 46-7
promises not to send Nicholas into
English exile, 51, 52
defends his situation concerning the
Romanovs, 52-3
accused of counter-revolutionary
objectives, 67
dilemma concerning the exile of the
Romanovs, 67-72
as rising star of Provisional Government,
68
arranges for the Romanovs to go to
Tobolsk, 73-9
relationship with Nicholas, 75
reasons for sending the Romanovs to
Tobolsk, 82-4
appoints Pankratov in charge of the
Romanovs at Tobolsk, 85
kept informed of situation at Tobolsk, 85
allows Tatishchev to travel to Tobolsk, 89
allows Nicholas to stroll around Tobolsk,
90
alleged use of morphine, 93
victory over Kornilov, 93-4
weakening in popularity, 93
attempts to requisition grain and vegetable
stocks, 95
flees the Winter Palace, 96
beaten by Lenin, 97
and restoration of country’s depleted
finances, 133
blamed for army’s collapse, 141
Kharitonov (cook), 201, 230, 284
Khitrovo, Margarita, 78, 89-90, 105
Khlynov, Father Vladimir, 107
Khokhryakov, Pavel, 148, 149, 156, 157, 170,
175, 198
Khotimski (Left Socialist-Revolutionary), 177,
180, 184
Khrushchev, Nikita, 296
Khrustalev, Vladimir, 297
Kiev, 11, 37, 225, 227, 267, 275
Kireev (Committee chairman), 123
Kireev (NCO in 1st Riflemens Regiment), 124
Kirpichnikov, Alexander, 137, 151
Kirsta, Alexander, 283-4
Kislitsyn, Major-General Vladimir, 223-4
Kobylinski, Evgeni
takes charge of the garrison at Tsarskoe
Selo, 35
witnesses the tearful departure of
Vyrubova, 36
ordered to give up Rasputins coffin to
Kupchinski, 38
comment on Alexandra, 40
memories of Alexei, 42
refuses to move Nicholas to the Peter-Paul
Fortress, 44
relationship with the Romanovs, 56, 58,
89, 138
hands out wine to the troops, 57
appointed military commander in
Tobolsk, 73-4, 75, 76, 118, 119
distrust of, 73
recruits detachment to guard the
Romanovs, 85
effects of Revolution on, 97
permitted to enter Freedom House, 104
comment on life at Freedom House, 105
recognizes Romanovs’ financial difficulties,
106
allows the Romanovs to attend church,
107
affair with Klavdia Bitner, 110
and Nicholas’s dislike of Jews, 114
concerned at situation in Tobolsk, 120-1
observes developments in Tobolsk from a
distance, 146
asks Alexandra not to sit out on the
balcony, 147
372
INDEX
Kobyl inski, Evgeni (cont.)
problems in Tobolsk, 150
persuaded to stay at Freedom House,
156-7
persuades everyone to give up their
ceremonial swords and daggers, 156
visits Freedom House with Yakovlev, 161
shocked at decision to move the
Romanovs from Tobolsk, 163-4
informed of the move from Tobolsk, 165
learns of Romanovs’ adventurous journey
to Ekaterinburg, 198
relieved of his responsibilities, 200
remains in Tobolsk, 201
Kolchak, Admiral Alexander, 216, 280-1,
282, 283, 285, 289, 291
Komuch see Committee of Members of the
Constituent Assembly
Komuch’s People’s Army, 216, 218, 219, 249,
259, 270, 271, 272
Konovalov, Alexander, 29
Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 103
Korkunov, Professor Nikolai, 24
Kormilets (ferry), 78
Kornilov, General Lavr
arrival at Tsarskoe Selo, 35
periodically changes the guard
surrounding the Romanovs, 57
feted as potential dictator, 93
suspected of plotting a coup detat and
imprisoned, 93-4, 193
escapes and helps to recruit Volunteer
Army, 216
Volunteer Army of, 216, 274
assigns men to guard the Romanovs in
Crimea, 274
death of, 285
Kornilov house (Tobolsk), 86, 104, 124,
145-6, 156, 165
Korovichenko, Colonel Pavel, 35-6, 36, 45, 46
Korzhenevski, Stanislav see Solovév, Boris
Kosarev, Viktor, 174, 179, 180
Kosarev, Vladimir, 146-7
Kostritski, Sergei, 97
Kotsebu, Pavel, 35
Kremlin, 220, 242, 253, 281
Krestinski, Nikolai, 191, 193, 249
Kresty prison, 148
Krokhaleva, Maria, 230
Kuhlman, Richard von, 265
Kulomzino, 182
Kun, Bela, 244
Kupchinski, Commissar, 38
Kurgan, 219
Kurinskoe, 185
Kuropatkin, A. N., Russia for the Russians, 60
Kuzino, 237, 262
Kuznetsk, 108
Kyshtym, 219
Lake Baikal, 5
Land Decree (1917), 248
The Last Days of the Tsar (1922), 290-1
Latvian Riflemen, 115, 199, 200, 205, 220,
229, 240, 254, 255, 260, 263
Lebedev (officer), 188
Left Communists, 191, 271
Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, 122, 127, 128,
153, 177, 178, 196, 197, 217, 221, 239,
240, 241, 291
Left Socialist-Revolutionary Peoples
Commissars, 221
Leikin, N. A., Neunyvayushchie rossiyane, 214
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 193
accuses Mensheviks and Socialist-
Revolutionaries of political sell-out, 68
warrant issued for his arrest, 70
revolutionary project, 95-8
sends mission to Berlin, 126
and problem of the Romanovs, 127
and signing of separate peace with
Germany, 127, 129, 130, 165, 197,
218, 221
Nicholas’s view of, 141
receives letter from Kosarev, 146-7
informal division of duties with Sverdlov,
152
informed of Yakovlevs plan, 180
informed of the Romanovs’ arrival in
Ekaterinburg, 189
as dominant leader, 195
believes civil war is over, 217
unkept promises of, 220
issues decrees, 233
remains in close contact with
Ekaterinburg, 233, 300
assured that the rumours concerning
Nicholas were false, 234-5
INDEX
373
obeyed but not trusted, 236
sends condolences on death of Mirbach,
240
orders execution of leaders of the Left
Socialist-Revolutionaries, 241
orders Beloborodov to be put in
direct-line contact with the Kremlin,
242
unease at his leadership, 244
not involved in the execution of Mikhail
Romanov, 245-6
discusses and agrees to Romanov
executions, 248-53
signs decree concerning property of the
Romanovs, 248
as ultimate legal nihilist, 248
informed of the Romanov executions,
258
attempts to bury news of executions, 264
orders Dzierzyriski not to tell Ioffe
anything about the Romanovs, 265
expropriates private businesses, 271-2
introduces a Food-Supplies Dictatorship,
271
Leonardo da Vinci, 61-2
Lermontov, Mikhail, 111, 113
Leroux, Gaston, Le mystère de la chambre
jaune, 60
Leskov, Nikolai, ‘The Robbery, 113
Letemin, Mikhail, 260, 281, 289
Lichtenberg, Duke Nikolai, 54
Liebknecht, Karl, 244, 278
Liège, 159
Lieven, Count, 236
Lieven, Dominic, 297
Livadia, 7, 19, 50
Lloyd George, David, 52
Lockhart, Robert Bruce, 219, 221
Loginov, Ivan, 148, 176
Louis XVI, 211-12
Louisa (steamer), 81
Lowe, Heinz-Dietrich, 297
Ludendorff, Erich von, 126, 221, 275, 276
Lukin (delegate from Freedom House), 152,
155-6, 166
Lukomski, General, 24
Lukoyanov, Fedor, 266
Lunacharski, Anatoli, 240
Luxemburg, Rosa, 244, 278
Lvov, Prince Georgi
suggested as head of the cabinet, 20
created minister-chairman of Provisional
Government, 25, 68
appointed chairman of Council of
Ministers, 27
unwilling to fire Nikolai Nikolaevich, 37
Nicholas’s comment on, 48
agrees to let Nicholas stay at Tsarskoe
Selo, 50
receives asylum news from Tereshchenko,
69
resignation of, 71
Lykova, L. A., 297
Lyubino, 179, 181, 188
Maeterlinck, Maurice, Wisdom and Destiny,
211-14
magnetic Mountain, 192
Makarov, Pavel, 73, 74, 78, 85
Malaya Nevka, River, 16
Malta, 278
Malyshev, Ensign, 139
Malyshev, Ivan, 217
Mangold, Tom (with Anthony Summers),
File on the Tsar, 296
Maria Fëdorovna (née Dagmar), Dowager
Empress
character and description, 6
little influence on Nicholas, 15, 39
gives signed autographs to bodyguards
before moving to Kiev, 37
comments on ‘the Sodom and Gomorrah
in the capital’, 58
turns down exile in Denmark, 69
sent to Ai-Todor in Crimea, 71-2
journey to Tobolsk, 77-8
receives correspondence from her family,
101-2, 105, 123
lives quietly in Ai Todor, 274-5, 276-7
accepts exile in England and then in
Denmark, 277-9
refuses to help Sokolov, 292
see also Romanov family
Maria Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess
health of, 42, 121
character and description, 43
life at Freedom House, 104
sees Solovëv walk past Freedom House, 134
374
INDEX
Maria Nikolaevna (cont.)
burns her diaries and correspondence, 161
accompanies her parents from Tobolsk,
165, 167
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169-74
queries the trains destination, 178
taken to the Ipatev residence, 187-8
relieved of her money, 204
execution of, 254-7
see also Romanov family
Marie of Romania, Princess, 275
Marinski Palace, 52
Markov, A. V., 246
Markov, Nikolai E. (aka Markov-II), 132-8,
223
Markov, Sergei, 136-8, 173, 223-4, 266-7
Marx, Karl, 97
Marxists, Marxism, 191, 192, 195
Massie, Robert 8c Suzanne, Nicholas and
Alexandra, 295
Mather, Miss, 124
Matveev, Pavel, 124, 152, 155-6, 160, 161,
166, 168, 182, 198, 199
Maximalists, 178
Medvedev, Mikhail, 255, 256
Medvedev, Pavel, 205, 207-8, 252, 255, 256,
259, 260, 283, 284
Melnik, Konstantin, 136
Mensheviks, 18, 34, 55, 68, 70, 83, 94, 95, 96,
115, 121, 145, 152, 191, 193
Merezhkovski, Dmitri, 61-4
Christ and Antichrist trilogy, 61-3
Alexander /, 63
Miass, 219
Migic, Major, 208, 291
Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 2, 69
in despair at Petrograd situation, 19
as possible head of cabinet, 20
as heir to Nicholas, 23, 27, 29
as regent, 26
renounces the throne, 30
held under supervision, 33
possible exile for, 49
retires to Gatchina residence, 71
hopes to move to Crimea, 72
bids farewell to Nicholas and the family,
76-7
arrested by communists, 102
transferred back to the capitaly 103
as possible constitutional monarch, 226
lives quietly in Perm, 244-5
executed by Myasnikov, 245-7, 249
see also Romanov family
Military-Revolutionary Committee, 193
Milyukov, Pavel
determined to secure creation of a
cabinet, 13
wants throne to pass to Mikhail, 29
advocates foreign exile for the Romanovs,
49-52
resignation of, 68
seeks German assistance, 225-7
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 7, 12
Ministry of Internal Affairs, 12, 17
Ministry of Justice, 45
Ministry of War, 46, 68
Minyar plant, 159
Mirbach, Count Wilhelm von, 222-3,
239-40, 241, 248, 249, 259, 266
Mirolyubov, Nikander, 273, 281, 286, 296
Mogilev, 11, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30-1, 34, 37, 50
Montefiore, Simon Sebag, 297
Mordvinov, Alexander, 54
Moscow, 25, 90, 129, 152-3, 155, 156, 159,
166, 172, 174, 177, 178, 180, 181, 195,
198, 216, 222, 227, 234, 236, 237, 238,
239, 241, 243, 248, 252, 253, 265, 270,
272, 275, 291, 299
Moshkin, Alexander, 205, 230
Mosolov, General A. I., 225
Motovilikha Bolsheviks, 245
Mrachkovski, Sergei, 205, 217
Mstislavski, Colonel Sergei, 44, 51
Mumra von Schwarzenstein, Ambassador
Alfons, 225
Mundel (senior adjutant), 161
Murmansk, 51, 69
Mutnykh, Natalya, 283, 284, 296
Myachin, Konstantin see Yakovlev, Vasili
Myasnikov, Gavriil, 245, 246, 249
Nabokov (officer), 166, 172, 188, 199
Nadezhdin Soviet, 148-9
Nagorny, Klementi, 200, 201, 204, 205
Nametkin, Alexei, 269, 272-3, 282, 286, 288,
291
Napolnaya school (Alapaevsk), 263, 264
Naryshkin, Count Kirill, 25, 35, 54
INDEX
375
Naryshkina, Duchess Elizaveta, 46, 75
Naryshkina, Maria, 63
Natalya Alexandrovich, 222
Neidgart, Dmitri, 222, 223
Nekrasov, Nikolai, 111
Nemtsov (Tyumen Soviet chairman), 170
Nevolin, Alexander, 172
Nevski, V. I., 181
Nicholas I, 33
Nicholas II
global tour, 5
sent to Siberia, 5-6
character and description, 6-10, 59, 66,
143
nicknamed Nicholas the Bloody, 10, 67,
139, 260, 294, 300
daily routines during the Great War,
11-14
unwilling to compromise or reform the
status quo, 14-16, 17, 19-20
orders arrest of rebel leaders, 18
abdication and its consequences, 21-31
escorted to Tsarskoe Selo, 34-6
confined with his family at the Alexander
Palace, 37-8, 39-43, 45-6, 54-8
strained relationship with Alexandra, 47-8
comments on his downfall, 48
exile abroad considered, 49-53, 69
treatment by the garrison soldiers, 56-8
books read and enjoyed by, 59-66, 113-17,
211-15
anonymous biography of, 67
paranoid atmosphere surrounding, 67-8
comments on the emergency in Petrograd,
70-1
moved with his family to Tobolsk, 74-9,
80
confined with his family at Freedom
House, 90-2, 94-5, 104-7, 119-20
comments on events in Petrograd and the
October Revolution, 97-9
unaware of outside events, 97
correspondence concerning his family,
101-2
relationship with Pankratov, 108-10
attempts to keep abreast of world events,
118, 150-1
appalled at continuing unrest in the cities,
120
Moscow discussions on, 126-9, 233-5,
238-9, 241-2, 248-9
public trial in Moscow considered, 126,
154, 238
relationship with Kobylinski, 138-9
contempt for Wilhelm and Germany,
140-2
dangers and suspicions surrounding,
147-8, 155-7, 162, 186-7, 188,
209-10
describes Red Guards as ‘robber-
Bolsheviks’, 147
moved with his family to Ekaterinburg,
163-8, 169-75, 176-83
incident concerning a coat and a blanket,
168
confined with his family at Ipatev house,
187-8, 203-10, 229-30, 231
rumours concerning his death abound,
230, 234-5
aware of external disturbances in
Ekaterinburg, 231-2
proposals for his execution discussed,
251-3
execution of, 254-7
concluding comments on, 296-300
distressed at the Brest-Litovsk treaty, 1301
see also Romanov family
Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 69-70,
101, 278
see also Romanov family
Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke, 14, 21-2,
33, 36-7, 72, 278-9, 291, 292
Nikolski, Alexander, 85, 86, 87, 89, 124
Nikulin, Grigory, 230, 250, 259, 284
Nilus, Sergei, The Imminent Coming of the
Antichrist and the Realm of the Devil on
Earth, 116-17
Nizhni Novgorod, 192
Nizhni Tagil, 219
North Caucasus, 130
Novoe vremya 55
October Revolution (1917), 2, 93-9, 101, 121,
122, 132, 140, 148, 155, 191, 192, 196,
198, 248, 249, 252, 262, 281, 294, 300
Odessa, 272, 278
Okhrana (secret police), 49
Olga Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 102-3
376
INDEX
Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess
character and description, 42, 56
health of, 42, 121
pregnancy of, 69
life at Freedom House, 104
does not believe they would return to
Tsarskoe Selo, 143
objects to strictness of routine, 200
arrival at Ekaterinburg, 201-2
execution of, 256
see also Romanov family
Omsk, 121, 123, 126, 132, 145, 149, 154, 155,
160, 162, 174-5, 176-82, 181, 182, 189,
219, 220, 273, 280, 282, 285
Omsk Red Guards, 142, 147, 148, 156
Orczy, Baroness, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 114
Ordovski-Tanaefski, Nikolai, 78
Orenburg, 158, 194, 217
Orsha, 28, 35
Orthodox Church, 9
Palchinski, Petr, 133
Palei, Count Vladimir, 243
Paleologue, Maurice, 50
Palkina, 291
Pankratov, Vasili, 2, 299
appointed plenipotentiary in charge of the
Romanovs, 85
character and description, 85-7
sentenced to imprisonment and exile,
85-6, 92
relationship with the Romanovs, 86-7,
90-2, 108-11
organizes schooling, 87-8
deals with arrival of furniture and wine
for the Romanovs, 88-9
effects of Revolution on, 97
permitted to enter Freedom House, 104
prevents food being taken from Freedom
House, 106
allows Nicholas to use Tobolsk library, 113
remains in charge at Tobolsk, 118, 119,
120, 121
resigns from his duties in Tobolsk, 122-3,
126
ordered out of Kornilov house, 124
memoirs of, 294
Party of 33 (monarchist group), 72
Party Central Committee, 218, 253
Paul, Emperor, 24, 28, 64
Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 278
Pavlovich, Grand Duke Dmitri, 15, 53, 226
Penza, 282
Penza communists, 271
Peoples Army, 122
People’s Commissar for State Property, 128
Peoples Commissariat of Justice, 127, 234
People’s Freedom organization, 85
Perm, 191, 237, 243, 250, 253, 260, 266, 280,
281, 285, 291
Perm prison, 184, 262, 274
Perm Soviet, 191, 245, 283-4
Permyakov (leader of cavalry detachment),
173
Peter the Great, 6, 62-3, 110, 192, 297
Peter III, 24, 64
Peter-Paul Cathedral (St Petersburg), 298
Peter-Paul Fortress (Petrograd), 44, 45, 47,
91, 278
Peterburgskaya Gazeta, 214
Petrograd (formerly St Petersburg), 19, 20,
25, 29, 33, 36, 44, 50, 70, 83, 93, 96,
120, 122, 123, 127, 129, 134, 159, 192,
194, 197, 223, 243, 253, 266, 272
Petrograd Soviet, 33, 44, 51-2, 54-5, 68, 69,
132, 192
Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’
Deputies, 20
Petrogradskaya gazeta, 55
Petrogradskii listok, 55
Petrovna, Grand Duchess Elena, 208-9, 243-4
Pignatti, V. N., 73
Pilts, Governor-General Alexander, 5
Pisarevski (political exile), 121
Plevitskaya, Nadezhda, 7
Plotnikov, I. E, 297
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 7-8
Pokrovski, Professor Mikhail, 264
Pokrovskoe, 78, 138, 172, 201
Polyakov (Left Socialist-Revolutionary), 177
Poppel, Evgenia, 261
Praslov, Ensign, 224
Pravda, 130, 153, 288, 291
Preobrazhenski, Evgeni, 180, 191
Preobrazhenski march, 12
Proshyan, P. R, 153
Proskuryakov, Filipp, 259
Protopopov, Alexander, 17, 19-20
INDEX
377
Provisional Committee, 20, 25, 26
Provisional Government, 121, 123, 192, 286,
292
ideas for and treatment of the Romanovs,
2, 33-5, 44-8
overthrow of, 5, 96, 103
establishment of, 25
discuss possibility of Mikhail as Emperor,
29-30
revokes appointment of Nikolai
Nikolaevich as commander of the
Caucasus, 36-7
considers possibility of exile for the
Romanovs, 49-53
draws up regulations for Romanovs, 54-8
publishes anonymous biography of
Nicholas, 67
survival of, 71
agrees to send the Romanovs to Tobolsk,
72, 73, 83-4
local support for, 74
proclaims an amnesty, 82
weakening of, 94
Provisional Governments Extraordinary
Investigative Commission, 294
Pskov, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 46, 50, 130
Purishkevich, Vladimir, 16
Pushkin, Alexander, 111
Putin, Vladimir, 298
Pyatigorsk, 90
Rabochaya Pravda, 121
Radek, Karl, 240
Radzinski, Edvard, 297
Radzinski, I. I., 209, 258
Rappaport, Helen, 297
Rasputin, Grigori, 134
drunk and promiscuous, 7
favoured by the royal family, 8-9, 15-16,
39, 109, 143
assassination of, 15, 16
buried, dug-up and cremated, 37-8
accusations against in anonymous
biography of Nicholas, 67
birthplace, 78
ructious behaviour in Tobolsk, 83
house of, 171
Rasputin the Mad Monk (film, 1966), 295
Rasputin, Maria, 201
Raukhfus, Dr, 22
Recfi, 55
Red Army, 138, 173, 194, 203, 220, 235, 239,
251, 259, 260, 262, 269, 270, 271, 272,
277, 279, 281, 285
Red Guards, 3, 96, 97, 132, 145, 146, 147,
148, 149, 150, 156, 157, 162, 172, 173,
188, 196, 199, 205, 216, 217, 220, 234,
237, 243, 280
Requisition Commission, 196
Resin, Major-General Alexei, 32
Revolution of 1905-1906, 8, 9, 10, 12, 217
Right Centre, 225, 227
Ritierve, 100, 243
River Angara, 291
River Dnieper, 11
River Irtysh, 81, 89, 172, 173
River Lena, 109
River Ob, 149
River Sim, 174, 181
River Tobol, 81, 170
River Volga, 192, 220, 280
Rodionov (Left Socialist-Revolutionary),
199-200, 201
Rodzyanko, Mikhail
pleads with Nicholas to get rid of his
government, 19-20
as chairman of a Provisional Committee,
20
and empowerment to select a new
government, 21
secretly plots to remove Nicholas from
power, 22
and abdication of Nicholas, 29
advises Alexandra to leave Tsarskoe Selo,
32
Romanov family
removed to Tobolsk, 2, 5, 73-9, 86-92,
104-7, 132
Nicholas as heir, 5
founder of, 6-7
horrified at Nicolass failure to
compromise, 8
tercentenary of celebrated with gusto, 10,
300
relationship with the Duma, 15
preservation of, 23
assassinations of, 28
confined to the Alexander Palace, 32-8
378
INDEX
Romanov family (cont.)
haemophilia in, 40-1
Alexei as favourite of, 42
resilience of, 43
Provisional Government treatment of,
44-8, 54-8
correspondence of, 45-6, 101-2, 105, 120,
123, 161
exiling of, 49-53
books read by, 59-65, 113-17, 211-16
Nicholas’s obsession with, 62-3
reasons for detention in Tobolsk, 82-4
sent money and gifts by friends, 89, 134
life at Freedom House, 91, 102, 104-7,
119-20, 150-1, 156-7, 161-2, 200-1
dispersal of, 100-3
relationship with Pankratov and Miss
Bitner, 108-12
increasing difficulties in Tobolsk, 119-25
Sovnarkom discussions concerning,
126-8, 233-4
loyalty to, 128-9
rescue plans, 132-9, 173, 188, 208,
209-10, 222-4, 225
speculate on the future of Russia, 140-4
safety of, 149-51
transfer to Ekaterinburg decided by
Moscow, 153-7
visited by Yakovlev, 161
make preparations to move from Tobolsk,
163-8
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169-74
plots against, 170, 172, 174, 179
handed over to Urals leadership in
Ekaterinburg, 184-8
last members of transferred to
Ekaterinburg, 200, 201-2
life at Ipatev house, 203-10, 228-30
German involvement, 222-4, 225
rumours concerning, 230, 234, 238, 246-7
transfer of members to Alapaevsk, 244
all property to become legacy of the Soviet
Republic, 248
executions discussed and agreed in
Moscow, 248-53
trial of considered unrealistic, 249-50
executed in cellars of Ipatev house, 254-7
Moscow informed of their execution, 258-9
executed in Alapaevsk, 263-4
official obfuscation on fate of, 264-7, 288
speculation and inquiries concerning,
269-70
survivors, 274-9
anti-Bolshevist inquiry of 1918-1919,
281-7, 296, 299
publications and films on, 288-94, 295,
296-7
official Soviet line on, 295-6
concluding remarks on, 298-300
rehabilitation of, 298
see also named members of the family
Rostov, 130
Rostovtsev, Count Yakov, 136
Royal Navy, 50, 51, 277
Rus (ferry), 78, 201
Russian Army, 118-19, 129, 195, 209, 224,
225, 274, 280
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic,
248
Russkaya volya, 55
Russkoe slovoy 55
Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905), 82, 108
Ruzski, General Nikolai, 25
Ryabushinski, Pavel, 95
Safarov, Georgi, 177, 180, 181, 191, 195, 237,
250, 252, 262
Safonov, Faika, 230
St Petersburg, 6, 91
see also Petrograd
St Petersburg University, 24, 146
Sakhalin Island, 82
Sakovich, Nikolai, 196, 236
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail, The Golovlev
Family, 214
Samara, 122, 210, 270
Saratov, 270
Savinkov, Boris, 240-1
Sea of Azov, 246
Sednev, Ivan, 150, 165, 167, 201, 204, 205
Semyannikov factory, 86
Serbians, 208, 270
Sergeev, Ivan, 273, 281, 282, 283, 286, 288,
289, 291
Sergei Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 24, 50,
243, 264
Serov, Valentin, 103
Sevastopol, 103, 274
INDEX
379
Sevastopol Soviet, 102
Shadrinsk, 182, 219
Shamarin, Pavel, 284
Shechnov, Director, 184
Shilder, N. K., 64-5
Shlisselburg prison, 85
Shneider, Ekaterina, 106, 110, 201, 262, 274
Shturmer, Boris, 13
Shulgin, Vasili, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29
Siberia, 5, 80, 83, 210, 216, 235, 272, 273,
278, 280, 286
Sim River district, 204
Sim Works (Urals), 159
Simbirsk, 270
Sitnikov, Fedor, 283
Skobelev, Matvei, 68
Skoropadskyi, Pavlo, 225
Smirnov (Serbian retainer), 208
Sobolev, Colonel Kirill, 208
Social-Democratic Workers’ Party, 158
Socialist-Revolutionaries, 18, 28, 55, 68, 70,
83, 94, 95, 96, 115, 121, 122, 145, 191,
192, 193, 216, 235, 271
Sokolov, Nikolai, 282-7, 291, 292-3, 299
Judicial Inquiry into the Murder of the
Russian Imperial Family, 293
Solovev, Boris (‘Stanislav Korzhenevski’),
133-6, 293
Solovev, Matrena, 135
Solovev, Vsevolod, 113
Sorokin (Perm Cheka chairman), 245
Sosnovski, Lev, 193, 258
Soviet Central Executive Committee, 253
Soviet Constitution, 185
Sovnarkom see Council of People’s
Commissars
Spiridonova, Maria, 153, 239
Srednyaya Rogatka railway station, 38
Stalin, Joseph, 296
Stanka, 22
State Council, 15
Stavka (general headquarters), 11, 12, 14
Steinberg, Mark, 297
Stoker, Bram, Dracula, 113
Stolypin, Petr, 297
distrusted by Nicholas, 7
aghast at pogroms in the western
borderlands, 9
promotes new agrarian policy and
communal traditions of the peasants,
12
pre-war scheme for the peasants, 81
establishes inquiry into Protocols of the
Elders of Zion, 116
Storozhev, Father Ioann, 205-6, 231
Summers, Anthony (with Tom Mangold),
File on the Tsar, 296
Supreme Extraordinary Investigative
Commission, 44
Sverdlov, Yakov
underestimates dangers of the situation,
147
in charge of the Romanov business, 152-3,
187, 223
informs Ekaterinburg of plans to take
possession of the Romanovs, 154
puts Tobolsk Soviet in charge of Freedom
House, 155
friendship with Yakovlev, 158
supports Yakovlev in his plans, 174, 176,
179, 181, 189
agrees that the Romanovs should go to
Ekaterinburg, 181, 182
informed of the Romanovs’ arrival in
Ekaterinburg, 189
becomes secretary of Bolshevik Central
Committee, 191
sends fresh instructions concerning the
Romanovs, 204
learns of trouble at Ipatev house, 230
remains in close contact with
Ekaterinburg, 233, 300
assured that the rumours concerning
Nicholas were false, 234-5
suggests delaying action against the
Romanovs, 234
distances himself from events in
Ekaterinburg, 238
and execution of Mikhail Romanov, 246
discusses and agrees to Romanov
executions, 248-53
preoccupied by Mirbach assassination,
248
informed of Romanov executions, 258
questions Beloborodov on events in the
Urals, 259
attempts to bury news of executions, 264
claims that he was not Russian, 282
380
INDEX
Sverdlov, Yakov (cont.)
accused of being chief plotter in Jewish
conspiracy, 289
Switzerland, 49, 96
Syroboyarskaya, Madame, 130
Syroboyarski, General Alexander, 58, 141-2,
293
Tatishchev, Count Ilya, 199-200, 201
amused that Makarov was a Socialist-
Revolutionary, 74
agrees to accompany Nicholas to Tobolsk,
75-6, 89
life at Freedom House, 104, 105, 106
asked to deal with financial situation, 128
treated as a prisoner, 153
discusses removal of Romanovs from
Tobolsk, 164
informs Kobylinski of the move from
Tobolsk, 165
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169
sent to Ekaterinburg prison, 198, 204
requests to stay with his Sovereign,
199-200
arrival at Ekaterinburg, 201
attempts to delay departure to
Ekaterinburg, 201
Tatyana Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess
character and description, 42-3
health of, 42, 121
life at Freedom House, 105-6
sees Solovev walk past Freedom House,
134
upset at her parents leaving Tobolsk, 165
arrival at Ekaterinburg, 201-2
execution of, 254-7
supposedly in America, 284
see also Romanov family
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, 7
Tegleva, Alexandra, 58, 223
Teodorovich, I. A., 166
Tereshchenko, Mikhail, 68-9
Tikhomirov, Assistant Procurator, 283
The Times, 118
Tobolsk, 1, 2-3, 134, 136, 137, 138, 293, 298
Romanovs transferred to, 2, 5, 73-9, 80-4,
86-92, 104-7, 132
life in, 85-92
changes in, 118-25
plans to transfer Romanovs from, 127,
153-7
tensions in, 145-51, 149-50, 152, 153-4,
162
new commissar and troops sent to, 155-6
ordered to submit to Yakovlevs authority,
159-62
Romanovs removed from, 163-8, 200, 201
tightening of control in, 198-200
Tobolsk Central prison, 82, 150
Tobolsk lycée library, 113
Tobolsk Soviet, 87, 88, 121, 132, 146, 149,
155, 157, 166
Tolstoy, Leo
Anna Karenina, 113
War and Peace, 214-15
Trans-Siberian Railway, 80, 81-3, 145, 178,
182, 191, 219, 237, 262, 285
Trepov, Alexander, 13, 222-3
Trieste, 5
Trotsky, Leon, 96, 98, 141, 146, 153, 193, 219,
221, 238, 239, 258, 259, 270-1, 285
Trupp (servant), 201, 284
Tsaritsyn Soviet, 84
Tsarskoe Selo, 1, 17, 32-8, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51,
67-8, 74, 104, 120, 143, 145, 161, 290,
298
Tsereteli, Irakli, 68
Tuntul, Ivan, 177
Tur, Ensign, 119
Turgenev, Ivan
A Huntsmans Notebooks, 114
On the Eve, 114
Smoke, 114
Spring Torrents, 114
Turle, Commander, 277
Tutelberg, Maria, 19, 41, 112, 165
Tver, 290
Tyumen, 78, 80, 81, 82, 86, 132, 133, 134,
136, 137, 138, 147, 150, 152, 159, 167,
169-74, 182, 189, 201, 219, 220, 266
Ufa, 189, 219, 270, 271, 285
Ufa Soviet, 159
Ufimtsev, Nikolai, 250
Ukraine, 68, 129, 274, 276, 277, 285
Union of Archangel Michael, 146
Union for the Defence of the Fatherland and
Freedom, 240
INDEX
381
Union of the Russian People, 9, 22, 115
United States, 49, 95, 270
Upper Iset Works (Ekaterinburg), 203, 235,
241, 291
Urals, 5, 84, 145, 153-4, 155, 157, 158, 172,
176, 191-7, 203, 216, 218, 220, 223, 241,
249, 260, 271, 285, 290
Urals Bolsheviks, 186, 191-7, 236, 238, 239,
259, 266
Urals Pedagogical Union, 194-5
Urals Regional Soviet Executive Committee,
147-8, 149, 154, 156, 159, 160, 175, 176,
177, 178, 179, 180, 188-9, 193, 194, 197,
198, 211, 217, 218, 220, 228, 235, 236,
237, 241, 243, 244, 250, 251, 254, 255,
262, 271, 289, 291
Uralskii rabochii, 207, 262
Uritski, Moisei, 127
Uspenski, E I., The History of the Byzantine
Empire, 60-1
Ust-Katav works, 175
Utkin, Dr, 283, 284
Utkina, Anna, 120
Vagai, 178
Varnakov, Dr, 88
Vasilenko, N. P., 225
Vasilev, Father Alexei, 91, 107, 134, 135, 136,
137
Vatsetis, I. I., 262
Verkne-Udinsk, 286
Vershinin, Vasili, 34, 73, 74, 77, 78, 85, 102
Victoria, Queen, 8, 33
Vienna, 5
Vilyuisk, 86
Vinogradskaya (secretary), 258
Vitebsk, 35
Vladivostock, 177, 178, 218, 220, 270, 289,
291
Voeikov, Evgenia, 134
Voeikov, Vladimir, 134
Voikov, Petr, 177, 209, 248-9, 251
Voitsekhovski, Lieutenant Colonel Sergei,
249
Volga region, 84, 218, 235, 249, 259, 270
Volkov, Alexei, 78, 90, 134, 137, 141, 165,
200, 201, 262, 274
Volkov, Andrei, 18, 46, 47, 57
Vologda, 243
Volunteer Army, 22, 225, 226, 226-7, 246,
274
Vorobev (newspaper editor), 207
Vozetic, Ensign, 208
Vyatka, 148, 270
Vyatka Provincial Party Conference, 243
Vyrubova, Anna, 35-6, 45, 56, 120, 133, 134,
142
Warsaw, 277
West Siberian Regional Soviet Executive
Committee, 121, 123, 126, 145, 146,
148, 174, 179
White Army, 240, 273, 280, 285
White Sea, 69
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 46, 130, 141, 142, 222,
259, 262, 265
Wilton, Robert, 289
Winter Palace, 33, 93, 102
Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, 217
The Workers Revolution (published by State
Publishing House), 290
Worthing (Sussex), 100
Wortman, Richard, 297
Xenia Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 91,
102, 103, 115, 274, 275, 278
see also Romanov family
Xenia Georgievna, Grand Duchess, 100
Yakovlev, Vasili (real name Konstantin
Myachin), 2, 299
oversees transfer of Romanovs from
Tobolsk, 154, 159, 163-8
sent to Tobolsk, 155, 156, 157
character and description, 158-9
arranges to complete his military
detachment, 159-60
helps to found the Cheka, 159
takes charge of Tobolsk and Freedom
House, 160-2
informs the guards of the plans to move
the Romanovs from Tobolsk,
166
hectic journey to Tyumen, 169-74
attempts to take the Romanovs to Omsk,
174-5, 176-82
forced to take the Romanovs to
Ekaterinburg, 181-3
382
INDEX
Yakovlev, Vasili (cont.)
transfers the Romanovs to the care of the
Urals leaders, 184-8
treated as a suspect, 188-9
returns to Ufa, 189-90
ordered to return to Tobolsk, 204
interviewed by Izvestiya on the Romanovs,
233-4
Yalta, 72, 103, 274, 276
Yalutorovsk, 148
Yanushkevich (businessman), 106
Yaroshinski, Karl, 133, 135
Yaroslavl, 240
Yeltsin, Boris, 297, 298
Yermak, 80
Yermakov, Petr, 255, 256
Yurovski, Yakov
takes charge of Ipatev house, 228-30
comment on religion, 231
inspects Ipatev building, 250
ordered to put execution plans into effect,
251-2
chooses execution squad, 254
shoots, examines the bodies and organizes
the clean-up, 255-7
supervises collection of Romanov
possession, 259-60
named in the inquiry as the killing team’s
leader, 284
Yusupov, Prince Felix, 16
Zaslavski, Semen, 148, 149, 155, 156, 160, 162,
166, 169, 173, 175, 176, 179, 182, 189, 191
Zborovskaya, Ekaterina, 105, 120
Zhebenev, Petr, 235
Zheleznov (engineer), 235
Zheleznyakov, Anatoli, 122
Zhilinski, A. N., 185-6
Zhuk (medical orderly), 120
Zhuk, Yuri, 297
Zinoviev, Grigory, 252
Zlatoust, 194, 219
Zlokazovo, 148
Zlokazovo metal factory, 205
|
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| author | Service, Robert 1947- |
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| id | DE-604.BV043952388 |
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| publisher | Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Service, Robert 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)122470222 aut The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution Robert Service London Macmillan 2017 xviii, 382 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Fotografien Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nikolaj II. Russland, Zar 1868-1918 (DE-588)11873492X gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1917-1918 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie 1917-1918 gnd-content Nikolaj II. Russland, Zar 1868-1918 (DE-588)11873492X p Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Geschichte 1917-1918 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029361219&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029361219&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Service, Robert 1947- The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution Nikolaj II. Russland, Zar 1868-1918 (DE-588)11873492X gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)11873492X (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution |
| title_auth | The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution |
| title_exact_search | The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution |
| title_full | The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution Robert Service |
| title_fullStr | The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution Robert Service |
| title_full_unstemmed | The last of the Tsars Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution Robert Service |
| title_short | The last of the Tsars |
| title_sort | the last of the tsars nicholas ii and the russian revolution |
| title_sub | Nicholas II and the Russian Revolution |
| topic | Nikolaj II. Russland, Zar 1868-1918 (DE-588)11873492X gnd |
| topic_facet | Nikolaj II. Russland, Zar 1868-1918 Russland Biografie 1917-1918 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029361219&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029361219&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT servicerobert thelastofthetsarsnicholasiiandtherussianrevolution |