Jewish Salonica: between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
[2016]
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| Series: | Stanford studies in Jewish history and culture
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index ; revised dissertation |
| Physical Description: | XXVIII, 366 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780804798877 9781503600089 |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Stanford studies in Jewish history and culture | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index ; revised dissertation | ||
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| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1800-1900 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sephardim |z Greece |z Thessalonikē |x History |y 19th century | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Griechenland | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Türkei | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Turkey |x History |y Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Greece |x History |y 1917-1944 | |
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| adam_text | JEWISH SALONICA
/ NAAR, DEVIN E.YYEAUTHOR
: 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
INTRODUCTION : IS SALONICA JEWISH?
LIKE A MUNICIPALITY AND A STATE : THE COMMUNITY
WHO WILL SAVE SEPHARDIC JUDAISM? : THE CHIEF RABBI
MORE SACRED THAN SYNAGOGUE : THE SCHOOL
PAVING THE WAY FOR BETTER DAYS TO COME : THE HISTORIANS
STONES THAT SPEAK : THE CEMETERY
CONCLUSION : JEWISH SALONICA
REALITY, MYTH, MEMORY
DIESES SCHRIFTSTCK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
INDEX
Note: Locators in italics indicate pages with illustrations.
151 neighborhood, xxviii, 75,76,78-79
1892 celebration. See celebration of 1892
Abdul Hamid II (sultan), 21,153—54
Aegean Sea, xxvi, 1—2
LaAksion [newspaper], 69^70,133;
celebration of Salonica, 191—92;
on Habib and chief rabbis, 133; on
Jewish-Christian relations, 267, 285;
on Jewish history, 254; on Loulis, 266
Alaluf, Gedalia, 63
albasha ceremony, 152—54,167—68
Alexander (king), 50
Alhanati, David, 249
Alkabetz, Salomon, 90, 293
Allatini, Moise, 90, 93,115,146—47
Alliance Israélite Universelle, 22—23, no,
198; Covo, Jacob and, 93; education
reform and, 147—52,154—55,195; Em-
manuel and, 117—18; historical aware-
ness and, 194—95; integrationism and,
47-48,186-87, 283; Koretz and, 124-
25; Nehama, Joseph D. and, 210—11
Almosnino, Moses, 90,189—90
Alsheh, Albert, 166
Alsheh, Isaac, 120-21,166, 250—51
Alsheh Commercial and Practical
Institute, 166
Anagnostopoulos, G. P., 163—64
antisemitism, 30,71-72,122,191, 211,
267—68; Christian refugees and,
163; destruction of cemeteries and
tombstones, 239—41, 247,34502; dis-
couragement of, 163,169, 288; Greek,
26,177-78, 259—61, 274; motivation for
conversion, 66
archives of the Jewish Community of
Salonica, 13-16,39,58
Arditti, Samuel, 92-93
Aristotle University of Salonica. See
University of Salonica
Ashkenazic Jews and culture, 54—55;
Ashkenazic Hebrew script, 176,
3320154; chief rabbi and, 90-91,
105—6, hi, 116—22,124—26,136;
Jewish education and, 174. See also
rapprochement; Sephardic Jews and
culture; Volodarsky, A.
356
INDEX
assimilation and acculturation. See iden-
tity, national; integrationism
Athens, 25—27, hi—12,135, 270; Jerusalem
and, 218, 292; Salonica and, 258
Auschwitz-Birkenau. See deportations to
Auschwitz
autonomy and rights: aspirations for, 3,
7; Jewish education and, 140,156—57,
173,176—77; juridical, 58—60; national,
48,50. See also Beth Din [rabbinical
court]; Jewish Community (orga-
nization); minorities and minority
rights
Avanti [periodical], 46—47,113
El Avenir [newspaper], 145-46,148,152—53
Aya Sophia school. See Talmud Tora of
Salonica
the Balkans, 1,3—4,7, 235, 283. See also
Jerusalem of the Balkans
Baruch, Aron, 206
Baruch brothers, 206—9. ee a^so Ben-
Jacob, Baruch
Barzilai, Eliau, 185
bedel tax (military exemption), 82—83
Belleli, Lazarus (Menahem), 171, 261
Benardete, Mair José, 8,189-90, 219—20,
279
Benaroya, Abraham, 37,46-47, 285—86
Benbassa, Esther, 23
Béné Bérith Lodge, 70,133,162-65
Bene Sion (sons of Zion), 23
Ben-Gurion, David, 2
Ben-Jacob, Baruch, 202; documentation
of Jewish cemetery, 252, 255; Eskola
Nasionala Djudia Moderna, 206,
338n67; professional pursuits and
activism, 192, 201—7
Benosiglio, Eliaou, 124, 266
Benosiglio, Peppo, 268
Benosiglio neighborhood. See 151
neighborhood
Benroubi, Haim, 264
Bensanchi, Mentesh, 32—33,37,46; on
position of chief rabbi, 104-6,108,
no, 113; promotion of Jewish educa-
tion, 165-66,170—71,178—80,279
Benveniste, Moise, 268
Besso, Henry, 227, 230-3i,343ni96
Beth Ahaim. See cemeteries, Jewish
Beth Din [rabbinical court], 40-41,45;
jurisdiction of, 58-61, 67-72, 288;
reconvening of, 278; reform/modern-
ization of, 68—71
Beth Shaul synagogue, 128,160
Beth Yosef rabbinical seminary, 94,104
Be-veth Ha-almin shelYehudei Salonika
229—30
La Bos [newspaper], 99-100
Broudo, Albert, 124
Brudo, Emanuel Isaac, 108—9,116
Brudo, Isaac Emanuel, 255
Brudo, Isaac Samuel, 254—55
buenos djidios (“good Jews”), 59, 68,70;
good citizens and, 155—56,166,177-78;
marriage and, 63
Bulgaria, 1,112—14
burial grounds. See cemeteries
Byzantine Empire, 24-25, 217—18
calamities, 205, 207, 222. See also depor-
tations to Auschwitz; fire of 1890;
fire of 1917; massacres and pogroms;
Sabbetai Sevi
Campbell, Robert, 74
Campbell pogrom, 30,76, 80,122, 259
Caro, Joseph, 90
Cazes, Jacob, 47—49,53, 97,108, no
Cazes School, 158
celebration of 1892, 21, 94,189,198-99
cemeteries, Donme and Muslim, 242—43
cemeteries, Jewish, 34, 239—51,245, 261—62;
destruction of, 239—41, 272-76,273,
345n2; expropriation of, 248—51,
256-59, 262, 268, 292; history of,
239—42; preservation of, 252, 256—57;
INDEX
357
significance of, 250—57, 263, 268—69.
See also tombstones and tombstone
inscriptions
cemeteries, Orthodox Christian, 241
census-taking, 56—58,75
El Chaketon [newspaper], 106
Chamber of Commerce of Salonica, 258,
262-63, 265—66
chief rabbinate and rabbis, 59-60; eco-
nomic or political aspects, 121—22,124—
31,134—37; of Greece, 109,111—14,120,
126,130-31; historical aspects, 89-91;
monarchy and, 128-30; philanthropic
achievements, 127; role of, 33,83-86,
108,134,137-38,291; search for/suit-
ability of candidates, 95-96,103-10,
115-21,123-26,132-36. See also haham
bas hi (“chief rabbi”); individual names
Christian-Jewish relations. See Jewish-
Christian relations; Jewish-Greek
relations; Orthodox Christians
Chyet, Stanley, 219
Citadel of Sephardism, 227-28, 280. See
also Salonica
citizenship, 18—21,145; Jews and, 38,56,
284, 288, 293. See also buenos djidios
(“good Jews”); patriotism
City and Mother in Israel. See ir va-em
be-Israel
city-states, Jewish, 1—3
civil courts, 68—70
Civil Law Code (1926), 52
civil marriage, 28, 63, 67, 288
class conflicts and divisions, 7, 23—24,47,
75-76,113, 286
clubs: literary, political, and social, 19
Cohen, Joseph, 197—98
Cohen, Maurice, 192—93, 204
Commission for Jewish Instruction. See
Superior Commission for Jewish
Instruction
Commission for the Defense of the
Jewish Cemetery, 250, 256
Commission of Jewish Quarters, 77
communal archives. See archives of the
Jewish Community of Salonica
Communal Council (Konsilio Komunal),
41, 87,108; funding for rabbinical
studies abroad, 115—16; Jewish cem-
eteries and, 247—50; Jewish education
and, 157—59; neighborhoods and, 76;
reestablisment of, 278; support of
Jewish institutions and services, 43—
44. See also chief rabbinate and rabbis:
search for/suitability of candidates
communal unions. See unions
Communist Party and communists,
Jewish, 24, 78,113,125
communities, Jewish, 38, 91—92. See also
autonomy and rights; Jewish Com-
munity (organization); Jews of
Salonica
Compulsory Sunday closing law. See
Sunday closing law of 1924
congregational affiliations, 229
Constantine of Greece (king), 102
Contribution to the History of Salonica
(Molho), 225—29
Contribution to the History of thejevoish
Community of Salonica (Ben-Jacob),
204-5
conversion, religious, 143—44, 311089;
pressures, 66,149; women and, 63—67.
See also intermarriage
conversos, 64, 228—29, 253, 265,336037. See
also Lusitanus, Amatus
Covo, Jacob, 91, 93—94» 134» 153-54
Covo, Mercado, 44-45,196—201,197, 236-
37,336037; Hellenism and, 199—201;
on Jewish history, 189,192,196—98,
200—201, 204; on military service, 82;
on Molho, 230; Ottomanism and, 82,
196; professional pursuits, 196-97, 200
cultural affiliations and achievements,
286-87, 290. See also identity, Jewish
curriculum. See Jewish education
358
INDEX
Damaskinos of Athens (archbishop),
288-89
Danon, Abraham, 193—94,198
dayanim (judges), 59—60, 67—71
the dead, 34, 244, 263, 271—73, ^2ni^y
democratic reforms, “democrats,” and
democracy, 124—25; chief rabbis and,
95,106—8,116; Jewish Community
(organization) and, 42—43
deportations to Auschwitz, 11, 80,188,
288—89
Deri to [newspaper], 285
Dévora mutual aid society, 76
dictionaries, 16,77,163
districts. See neighborhoods
Dolya massacre of 1617, 205
Donrne, 64, 211, 242
dowries, 61—62, 66
Dragoumis, Phillipos, 126
education and education reform, 175;
Alliance Israélite Universelle, 147—52,
154—55,195; Chams model for non-
Christians, 169,171; Jewish, 127,151,173,
208; Ottoman Empire and, 140,144—
45; state public schools, 164-65; for
women, 77. See also Jewish education
Ehrenpreis, Mordehai (Marcus), no—14
elections: Greek, 28,49,121, 284; Jewish
communal, 47,76,107,121—22,3i4ni49
Eleftheropoulos, Avrotelis, 259-61, 267
elite, Jewish: on expropriation of Jewish
cemetery, 267—69, 271, 274; Hellenism
and, 31—33, 284; historical awareness
and, 190; intermarriage and, 67; Jew-
ish education and, 146-48; Ottoman-
ism and, 145, 284; patriotism and, 18;
political aspects, 134-35; on position
of chief rabbi, 136; response to mis-
sionary activities, 144,146. See also
chief rabbinate and rabbis
Eliya, Joseph, 164
Emek Ha-Bakhay 197
emigration, 42,57—58,122
Emmanuel, Isaac, 115—18,132—33,136,
219—25,220; Jewish cemeteries and,
248, 254; Koretz and, 133; Recanati
and, 221; scholarship, publications,
and professional pursuits, 192, 221—24,
280, 282
Emmanuel, Samuel, 220
enfranchisement. See voters and voting
epigraphists, 254
La Epoka [newspaper], 15, 94—96,104,
1:52-53, 244—45; advocacy of judicial
reform, 60; on Jewish history, 198—99
Epstein, Isaac, 154-55
Eskola Nasionala Djudia Moderna, 206
Estroumsa, Eliau, 286—87
Evraïkon Vima tis Ellados [newspaper].
See La Tribune Juive de Grèce, (The
Jewish Tribune of Greece)
family law, 60—61, 69—70
Fardis, Nikos, 191
Farewell to Salonica, 279
Federation of All of the Residents of the
Popular Quarters (Federation), 78—79
Federation of Jewish Corporations, 268
Feminist Society for the Rights of
Women, 77
fire of 1890,73-74
fire of 1917, 28-30,56—57,100; historical
precedents, 206—7, 229; housing crisis
and, 74, 246; Jewish cemetery and,
247, 252; Jewish education and, 157—59
Florentin, David, 1—2,120,124,173
France: Jews and, 38,47,195; as role
model, 115,135,140,187, 213. See also
Alliance Israélite Universelle
French culture and language, 147—48,167,
168y 180-81; Covo and, 196; Nehama,
Joseph D. and, 213-14
General Assembly (Asamblea Djen-
erala), 41-42,107,314*1149
INDEX
359
George II (king), 128-30,129
German occupation, n-12, 288; Jewish
cemeteries and, 240—41, 272; Jewish
education and, 188. See also Nazis
Ginio, Albert, 263-64, 266
Graetz, Heinrich, 193-95
Greco-Turkish War, 5
Greece, 3, 24-25, 49. See also Greek lan-
guage; Hellenization and Hellenes;
identity, Greek; Jews of Salonica;
Megali Idea (“The Great Idea”);
Salonica; transition from Ottoman
to Greek sovereignty
Greek Jews, 8-11, 25—27,164. See also
“Hellenic Judaism” (Judaism of
Greece)
Greek language, 16,31,167; education and
instruction, 160—62,173,180; role in
Hellenization, 162—64, 187; textbooks,
183. See also state public schools
Habib, Haim, 84,114,133, 248, 268
haham bashi (“chief rabbi”), 92—93
Handali, Yaacov, 75
Hassid, Isaac, 71
haxanim (“religious functionaries”), 61
Hebrard Plan, 246, 272
Hebrew language and literature, 151—52,
154,169—73,175—77,180—81. See also
textbooks
Hebrew philology (chair), 261—62
“Hellenic Judaism” (Judaism of Greece),
109-10,130-31,135, 216—18, 234-35,
271—72; education and, 166,171,178,
182—84; Greek language and, 162—64;
political aspects, 186; World War II
and, 188
Hellenization and Hellenes, 12—13;
Greek national identity and, 25—28;
Jews and, 32,128—30,159—60,182—84,
187, 261, 283—86, 289-90; linguistic,
140—41,163. See also “Hellenic Juda-
ism” (Judaism of Greece)
Herzog, Isaac, 121—22
Hesed ve-Emeth society, 244, 246
Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, 155
Hirsch neighborhood, 74, 77—78, 80
Histoire des Israelites, 195
Histoire des Israélites de Salonique
(Emmanuel), 221—23
Histoire des Israélites de Salonique (Joseph
D. Nehama), 209, 215-19
historical awareness and studies, 10-12,
189—93, 232—35, 292. See also under
names of individual scholars
History of the Jews, 193
History of the Jews in Turkey, 205—6
Holocaust, ii—12, 277—79
housing crisis, 72—75,77, 79—80
identities, hybrid, 293. See also “Hellenic
Judaism” (Judaism of Greece)
identity, Greek, 25—28; Jews and, 12-13,
289; role of language, 140—41,163. See
also Hellenization and Hellenes
identity, Jewish: Hellenism and, 157,
182-83, 283, 2^6, 289; nationalism
and, 22—23,15°—5r 236, 286—87;
Ottomanism and, 146,148-50,153-54,
199; role of education, 142,155,157,
171,182—83. See a^so Ashkenazic Jews
and culture; Hebrew language and
literature; “Hellenic Judaism” (Juda-
ism of Greece); Judeo-Spanish cul-
ture and language; Sephardic Jews
and culture
identity, national: as opposed to religious
identity, 170—71; role of education,
139—42,182-83. See also identity,
Greek; identity, Jewish; Muslims/
Islam; nationalism, Jewish
identity, religious, 171,187. See also iden-
tity, Jewish; minorities and minority
rights; Muslims/Islam; Orthodox
Christians
imperial lycée (idadi), 148—49
360
INDEX
integrationism, 22,47-48,186-87;
Benaroya and, 285-86; Nehama,
Joseph D. and, 211,218
intercommunal relationships, 63-67. See
also “Hellenic Judaism” (Judaism of
Greece); Jewish-Christian relations;
rapprochement
intermarriage, 63-67,71-72,288,310189.
See also civil marriage
internationalization, 1,3-4
Ioannina Jews. See Romaniote Jews
Ionian University, 249
ir va-em be-Israel (city and mother in
Israel), 9,99-100,126,136,194,228,
318051. See also la ville mère en Israël,
Salonica
Islam. See Muslims/Islam
Israel [magazine], 190,202
Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 2,114-15
Jerusalem of the Balkans, 9,224-25, 235,
282. See also Salonica
Jewish cemetery of Salonica. See cem-
eteries, Jewish
Jewish-Christian relations, 26-27,
30-31,162-64,17I 285, 287-89; educa-
tion and, 176-78; expropriation of
cemetery/power struggles, 256-58,
268-69; historical studies and, 191.
See also antisemitism; Hellenization
and Hellenes; identity, national; in-
tegrationism; Orthodox Christians;
rapprochement; state public schools
The Jewish Chronicle [newspaper], 89-90,
99,108, 230
Jewish Community (organization), 14-15,
1:9,45,55-56,269; aftermath of World
War II, 278; archives, 13-16,39,58;
autonomy and self-government,
38-40,43,48-50 (see also Law 2456);
education and (see Jewish education);
organizations and services, 43-45, 61,
72-74,76-80; political aspects, 47;
role of, 33,39-40,79,86-87,291. See
also Beth Din [rabbinical court];
Communal Council (Konsilio
Komunal)
Jewish education, 33—34,142,146-47,
156-88, 291-92; autonomy, 140,156-57,
173,176-77; challenges, 173,175; cur-
riculum, 141,152,155,157-58,166-78,
168,180-81; demographics, 161,184;
language instruction, 140-42,160,
162,166,168,180; multilingualism, 157,
171; political aspects, 150,154-55; re-
form, 127,151,173, 208; secondary, 165,
167; teacher training, 174-75,180. See
also Hebrew language and literature;
state public schools; textbooks
Jewish ghetto, 80
Jewish-Greek relations, 26-27,30-31,
162-64,234-35; historical aspects,
217-18; integration and, 183. See also
antisemitism; Hellenization and
Hellenes
Jewish history, 192, 206-19, 221-24;
Covo’s (Mercado) view, 189,192,196-
98, 200-201,204; La Epoka’s view,
198-99; Nehamas (Joseph D.) view,
10,192,278^79; Salonica, 189-90,
290. See also historical awareness and
studies; Jews of Salonica; under vari-
ous entries
Jewish homeland. See Salonica; Zionism
and Zionists
Jewish intellectuals and scholars, 11-12,
27,34; achievements, 290; docu-
mentation of Jewish cemetery, 224,
250-51,254-55, 273; French, 193,195;
German, 193; historical awareness
and studies, 189-93,232-37,292; re-
ligious observance and, 236. See also
individual names
Jewish Museum of Salonica, 294
Jewish Quarterly Review (JQR), 230
Jewish Territorialist Organization, 2
INDEX
361
Jews of Salonica, 59,163; aspirations,
3» 7 8 9L 212,273, 283-84, 292-93;
attachment to city and self-affirma-
tion, 6-7,34, 200-201, 280—82; demo-
graphics, 2-3,5-6,58,277; history and
scholarship, 189-90, 206-9, 211-13,
238, 290; Molho’s view, 12; political
affiliations, 22-24; transition, 5-6,13,
16-17, 28,33-35. See also citizenship;
Holocaust
Jews of Turkey, 52-53. See also Jews of
Salonica; Ottoman Empire and
Ottomanism
Judeo-Spanish culture and language, 16,
145-46,167,172, 231; challenges to/
marginalization of, 31,167,172-73,
181-82; Jewish education and, 141-42,
144, i68 182
Judeo-Spanish press and publishing, 13—
16,18—20, 215, 290. See also individual
publications
Judezmo. See Judeo-Spanish culture and
language
Les Juifs de Salonique, 237
Les Juifs Espagnols en Bulgarie, 112—13
Kabelli, Isaac, 234
Kadima [Hebraist society], 151,189,33404
Kastoria, Greece, 232
Katalan Hadash congregation mahzor
(High Holiday prayer book), 203
kehalim (congregations), 40—41,43
ketubot (marriage contracts). See mar-
riages, Jewish
Kirimis, Georgios, 80
Kohn, Jacques, 162,164-67,173
ElKomersial [newspaper], 95-96
Koretz, Sevi (Hirsch), 69, 84-86, 90,
123-32, X2p, 134,136; accusations
against, 131-32; death of, 131; on Jacob
Meir, 102; Jewish cemetery and,
259-66, 269-70; Jewish education
and, 174-75,182
Krallis, Alexandras, 262
labor unions. See unions
Ladino. Judeo-Spanish culture and
language
language issue, 166-67,172^73* $ee a^so
Jewish education; multilingualism
languages. See French culture and lan-
guage; Greek language; Hebrew lan-
guage and literature; Judeo-Spanish
culture and language; Turkish
language
Law 147,58
Law 890, 270, 272
Law 2456,39,50, 278; article 24,57; Jewish
education and, 140,157,176; Jewish
family law and, 58-59,70; language
of instruction and, 157,165,176
Law 2508,51
Levy, Daout, 40
Levy, Jacob, 80—81
Lévy, Sam, 3, 96, i49“50 237 246,265
El Liberal [newspaper], 43,53,104-5, *47
Liberal party. See Venizelos, Eleftherius/
Venizelism
The Liberation of Salonica [booklet], 100
L Indépendant [newspaper], 119
Loulis, G., 262-66
Lusitanus, Amatus, 256
Macedonian Jewish populations. See
Kastoria, Greece; Salonica; Serres,
Greece
Macedonian metropolis. See Salonica
Mair Aboav Orphanage for Girls, 141,
325H9
Makedonia [newspaper], 171; antisemitism
and bias against Jews, 26,30,122,169,
191, 284; on expropriation of cemeter-
ies, 243, 259,20oy 264, 266-67
male suffrage, 42,47,107
Mallah, Asher, 120,124
maps, xxvi-xxviii
362
INDEX
marriages, Jewish, 61-62, 62,71. See also
dowries; pecha [communal tax]
massacres and pogroms. See Campbell
pogrom; Dolya massacre of 1617
Matalón, David, 77, 253
Mazower, Mark, 10
Megali Idea (“The Great Idea”), 24-25,
27-28
Meir, Jacob, 4, 96-102,101,104,134
ElMesajero [newspaper], 16,177, 215-16,
258-59, 261,285
messianism, 193,207,217. See also
Sabbetai Sevi
Metaxas, Ioannis/Metaxas regime, n,
25,79-80,130; Jewish cemetery and,
257, 270; Jewish education and, 173,
180-81,185-87
Mézan, Saúl, 112-13
Midrash Ivrit Yavneh. See Eskola
Nasionala Djudia Moderna
military service, 81-86
millets and millet-style structures, 6,
17-18,38-39; allegiance/loyalty and,
20-21,145; Jews and, 22,27,59,145;
Muslims and, 51; Protestants and, 143
Ministry of Education and Religion,
176-78; Order 2540,176-77; suppres-
sion of foreign languages, 180; text-
books, 182-83
minorities and minority rights, 6,46,48-
53,171,186,284-85; Jewish community
of Salónica and, 87-88; Jewish educa-
tion and, 176-77. See also autonomy
and rights; voters and voting
“Mis Memorias” [memoirs of Saadi
a-Levi], 237,3440214
missionaries, Christian, 142-44. See also
proselytism
missionary schools, 65,180
mixed marriages. See intermarriage
Mizrahi party, 103,122,150-51; education
and, 141,150—51; Emmanuel and, 116-
17,121,133; opposition to Ehrenpreis,
112-14; opposition to expropriation
of cemetery, 268-69
Moisis, Asher, 124-25
Molho, Michael, 53,184,214; Jewish
cemetery and, 239-40, 244, 274;
Koretz and, 132; mythologization of
Salonica, 12,192, 228; research, schol-
arship, and professional pursuits,
225-35, 278
Molho, Rena, 39
Molho, Salomon, 226,228
Moral i Edukasion Djudia, 206
Morpurgo, Mo’ise, 267,269
“mother city in Israel.” See ir va-em
be-Israel (city and mother in Israel);
Salonica
multilingualism, 157,171
Muslims/Islam, 5,50-51, 64; cemeteries
and, 242-43,257; education and, 156,
169; identity and, 150,171,187,284-85.
See also minorities and minority
rights; Don me
mutual aid societies, 76,87
Nadjary, Marcel, 289
Nahmias, Meir, 92-93
Nahum, Haim, 103
LaNasion [magazine], 190,229
nationalism, civic, 13, 20-21,31-32,145,
283-84, 287,293
nationalism, Greek, 25-28. See also Hel-
lenization and Hellenes; identity,
Greek
nationalism, Jewish, 22,32. See also Covo,
Mercado; Nehama, Joseph D.;
Recanati, Abraham; Zionism and
Zionists
nationalism, Turkish. See Ottoman Em-
pire and Ottomanism
nationalization, 9-13,28. See also Helleni-
zation and Hellenes
The National Schism (Ethnikos Dihasmos)
82,102-3
INDEX
363
nation-states, 282—83, 286, 305^4. See also
identity, national
Nazis: alleged collaborators and, 131; con-
fiscation of Jewish archives, 14,45,58;
on intermarriage, 71-72; Jewish cem-
etery and, 240. See also deportations
to Auschwitz; German occupation
NeaAlithia [newspaper], 191
necropolises. See cemeteries, Jewish
Nehama, Albert, 67
Nehama, Joseph D., 4,124, 209-19; on
Greece’s legal system, 58-59; integra-
tionism and, 211, 218; Jewish educa-
tion and, 175,186-87; Jewish history
and, 10,192, 209-18, 278—79; nation-
alism/Zionism and, 213, 218, 279;
Ottomanism and, 210; professional
and communal pursuits, 210, 255; on
Salonica rabbis, 91
Nehama, Joseph N., 83, 85
Nehama, Judah, 196
neighborhoods, xxviii, 74—81; 115 district,
75 76,78-79; Hirsch, 74,77-78, 80;
Regie (Vardar), 74;Teneke Maale,
72,79-80
New Catalan synagogue, 29
New Jerusalem [Salonica], 2, 9
newspapers. See individual names
Noten teshua prayer, 18, 84, 99,129
Orthodox Christians, 51; Hellenization
and, 287; Jews and, 256-57, 261, 267,
288—89; Slavic speaking, 51—52, 283.
See also Jewish-Christian relations;
religious tolerance/intolerance
Ottolenghi, Moshe, 151—52
Ottoman Education Regulation, 144
Ottoman Empire and Ottomanism, 2,
6,19-22; education and, 140,144-45;
Jews and, 27-28,31-32,53, 97,145-48,
I52“53 189-95; mass carnage and mi-
grations, 5; Spanish Jews and, 192-93,
198-99,335ni6. See also Turkey
An Overview of the History of the
Ottoman Empire: Lessons and
Reflections, 146
Panfitiki Enonis ( Student Union”),
258-59
Pangalos,Theodoros, in, 113
Panhellenic Jewish Congress of 1919,
48,50
Passover Haggadah controversy, 176^77,
182
patriotism, 18—19, I53—55, 168—69, 288—
89. See also citizenship; Hellenization
and Hellenes; Ottoman Empire and
Ottomanism
pecha [communal tax], 41—42, 61
Pelekidis, Efstratios, 264-65
Perahia, Judah Haim and the Perahia
family, 231—32
Pessah, Joseph and Simon, 184-85
Pinto school, 168—69
Piraeus [port], 258
Pleyber, Joseph, 159
pogroms. See massacres and pogroms
political affiliations and trends, 8, 22-24.
See also Hellenization and Hellenes;
Ottoman Empire and Ottomanism
the poor, 55,72-80, yj, 75,152,167-68
population exchanges and movements, 5,
52, 246, 283. See also refugees
prayer books, 203, 286—87. See also Sidur
Shayare Tefila
prayer for the government. See Noten
teshua prayer
presses and publishing (local). See Judeo-
Spanish press and publishing
prison, rabbinic, 59—60
privileges. See minorities and minority
rights
proselytism, 144,177. See also conversion,
religious; missionaries, Christian;
missionary schools
prostitution, 55
364
INDEX
public housing. See housing crisis
ElPuevlo [newspaper], 30,37,69,107-8,
171; on Hellenization, 285; historical
studies and, 191, 229; on the post of
chief rabbi, 121; support for Ehren-
preis, no-12. See also Bensanchi,
Mentesh
Pulido, Angel, 211—12
Rabbinical Council (Konsilio Ruhani
[spiritual council]), 41,61,247
rabbinical seminaries, 115—17. See also
Beth Yosef rabbinical seminary
rabbis. See chief rabbinate and rab-
bis; synagogues and synagogue
functionaries
rapprochement, 292; Ashkenazic and
Sephardic Jews, hi, 117-20,291; Jew-
ish communal, 41-44; Jewish-Greek,
11. See also Jewish-Christian relations
Recanati, Abraham, 68-69, r33i Em-
manuel and, 116,221; opposition to
Ehrenpreis, 112-13; religious Jewish
nationalism and, 150-51
Recanati, David, 280
reform, educational. See education and
education reform
reform, judicial and political: communal
and political, 38-40,42-43,125,127;
judicial, 60, 68-71; Turkey and, 52.
See also minorities and minority
rights; Tanzimat (“reorganization,”
1839-1876); voters and voting; Young
Turk revolution
refugees, 5,19,109,162-63,2^3 287-88. See
also housing crisis
Regie ( Vardar) neighborhood, 74
Reinach, Théodore, 195
religious rights. See minorities and mi-
nority rights
religious tolerance/intolerance, 80, 96,
107,242,248, 263,292. See also Ortho-
dox Christians
La Renasensia Djudia [newspaper], 16,
68-69,112
Risal, P. See Nehama, Joseph D.
Rodrigue, Aron, 23
Romaniote Jews, 31,164,200,224,300138
Rosanes, Salomon, 205
Rozen, Minna, 131
Rozis, Athanasios, 262
Saadi a-Levi, 143-44,237,253-54
Sabbetai Sevi, 64,193,204,207-8,211
Saïas, Daniel, 286-87
Salonica, xxvi—xxviii, 1,7-9,78-79,
189-90, 292, 299028; annexation
by Greece and aspirations for au-
tonomy, 3-4,7, 26; centrality for
Sephardic Jews, 7-8,34,53,89,135-36,
212-14,278-80; demographics, 5-6,
53-58; economic aspects, 258; history
of, 10-14,193“94 280 (see ak°
Jewish intellectuals and scholars); as
a Jewish refuge, 53,126,198, 225. See
also Citadel of Sephardism; irva-em
be-Israel (city and mother in Israel);
Jerusalem of the Balkans; Jews of
Salonica; Shabatopolis , transition
from Ottoman to Greek sovereignty;
{la) ville mère en Israël
Salonica, City of Ghosts, 10
Saltiel, Saby, 183
Saltiel, Samuel, 185-86,246-47
Saltiel, Yomtov, 177-78,180
Samuel, Alegre, 181
Sarfatty, Bouena, 61, 68,72,127,131
scholarship, n-12. See also chief rabbinate
and rabbis; Jewish history; Jewish
intellectuals and scholars; Wissen-
schaft des Judentums
schools. See education and education
reform; Jewish education; missionary
schools; state public schools
Sciaky, Isaac Simantov, 264
Sciaky, Leon, 279
INDEX
365
self-governance. See autonomy and
rights; minorities and minority rights
separation of church and state, 140,184,188
Sephardic Jews and culture, 105,135—36,
227—28, 230—31, 265; rabbis and,
114—15,125—26; Spanish language and
origins, 2,172, 207, 228, 253. See also
Ashkenazic Jews and culture; Em-
manuel, Isaac; Habib, Haim; Molho,
Michael; Nehama, Joseph D.; rap-
prochement; Salonica; Spain and
Spanish Jews
Serres, Greece, 61,196
Shabatopolis, 30
Shiby, Baruch, 165, 266
Shomre Shabat group, 221. See also Sun-
day closing law of 1924
Sidur Shayare Tefila, 286,353n2i
Slavic-speakers, 51, 283. See also Orthodox
Christians
La Socket a Podrida [novel], 72-73
socialists, Jewish, 4,7, 22-23,46-47
Socialist Workers’ Federation, 22, 46-47
soldiers, Jewish, 82—85. See also military
service
Sonderkommando squads, 289
Spain and Spanish Jews, 172,192, 212,
224—25,335ni6. See also Sephardic
Jews and culture
sports fields, 243, 263-64, 267, 269
Stanislas of Clermont Tonnerre (count),
38
state public schools, 164—65,178; curricu-
lum and, 169—71,184—85; enrollment,
167,169-70,183,184; political aspects,
188; teacher recruitment, 170—71,184.
See also textbooks
St. Sophia Jewish school. See Talmud
Tora of Salonica
students, Jewish. See albasha ceremony;
Jewish education; state public schools
Student Union. See Panfitiki Enonis
(“Student Union”)
suffrage. See voters and voting
Sunday closing law of 1924, 29-30,109,
221, 250-51
Superior Commission for Jewish In-
struction, 157,162,328071; autonomy
and, 176—78; language study and, 173;
minutes of, 328^1; state schools and,
165.167- 68,170
synagogues and synagogue functionaries,
xxviiy 54,159; destruction of, 29,
277; governance, 43-44; military
service and, 83,104; patriotism and,
Ï53. See also Beth Shaul synagogue;
congregational affiliations; Noten
teshua prayer; Talmud Tora of
Salonica
Tagger, Solomon, 108
Talmud Tora of Salonica, xxvii, 151-55;
fires of 1620 and 1917,158-60, 207;
reorganization of, 93—94,155; role of,
143.160.167- 68
Tanximat (“reorganization,” 1839-1876),
17-20,38; Beth Din [rabbinical
court] and, 60; education reform
and, 144-45; legislation and goals, 41
Taxydromos [newspaper], 162, 264
teachers. See education and education re-
form; Jewish education; state public
schools
Teneke Maale neighborhood, 79-80
textbooks, 174—76,182—85, 206, 232
Thessaloniki. See Salonica
El Tiempo [newspaper], 2, 94-97,145
Toaff, Alfredo, 106
To Fos [newspaper], 163,169
tombs, 243, 247-48, 265
tombstones and tombstone inscriptions,
34, 255, 274; Ben-Jacob and, 202, 205,
252, 255; cultural, historical, and liter-
ary aspects, 253—56, 273; destruction
or removal of, 243—47, 249, 255, 271—72,
275, 275—77, 294; Emmanuel and, 224,
366
INDEX
254-55; Molho and, 229-30,255; pres-
ervation of, 242,247,251-52, 270-71;
study of, 250, 255, 273,349n7o. See also
cemeteries, Jewish
transition from Ottoman to Greek sov-
ereignty, 79,134, 291-92; architectural
aspects, 159; Jewish education and,
139-42,156-57,185,188. See also Hel-
lenization and Hellenes; Jews of
Salonica
The Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 5,52
La Tribune Juive de Grèce (The Jewish
Tribune of Greece; newspaper), 163
Turkey, 52. See also Greco-Turkish War;
Ottoman Empire and Ottomanism
Turkish language, 145-46,148,167,326^9
Union of the Jewish Communities of
Greece, 120
unions, 22,76-78
University of Athens, 264
University of Salonica, 245,258; expro-
priation of Jewish cemetery, 240,
246-47,260,262, 270, 272; Jewish en-
rollment, 166,261,333ni8o; language
instruction and, 171-72
urban planning and renewal, 74, 241-42,
244, 246. See also cemeteries, Jewish;
housing crisis
Usque, Samuel, 194, 228
Uziel, Bension, 106-8,120
Vardar neighborhood. See Regie (Vardar)
neighborhood
Venizelos, Eleftherius/Venizelism, 31,
49, 82,102; Jews and, n, 256-57, 284,
290; opposition to, 163; petitions
and protests to, 246, 249-50; rede-
sign of Salonica and, 241; support
for, 121-23
La Verdad [newspaper], 284
La Ville Convoitée, 10,212-13
la ville mère en Israël, 221-23, 225. See also
ir va-em be-Israel (city and mother in
Israel); Salonica
Volodarsky, A., 174-75,178
voters and voting, 28,41-43,47,76.
See also elections; male suffrage;
minorities and minority rights
westernization, 280-81. See also Ashke-
nazic Jews and culture; chief rabbin-
ate and rabbis
Wissenschaft des Judentums, 193,195
Wolf, Lucien, 49,250-51
womens organizations, 76-77
World War II, 188; Jews of Salonica and,
88,130,277-79; war crimes, 131. See
also German occupation
World Zionist Organization, 1-2
Yacar, Bella, 170
Yacoel, Yomtov, 273-74
Yahuda, A. S., 123
Yellin, David, 154,156
Yeoshua, Isaac, 146
Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim, 236
Yona, Jacob, 21
Young Turk Revolution, 22-23, h6;
Nehama, Joseph D. and, 210-11;
Salonica and, 96,99-100,135
Zikhron Saloniki, 133,225, 280
Zionism and Zionists, 46,48, 68-69,
213; chief rabbinate and, 113,119,
1:35-36; education and, 155-56,165-66,
176; Hellenic Judaism and, 109-10,
285-87; political aspects, 122-23,136;
Salonica and, 7-8,16, 23-24,32; sup-
port for Venizelos, 121-23; working
class and, 78. See also Bensanchi,
Mentesh; Covo, Mercado; Israel
[magazine]; Jabotinsky, Vladimir;
Kadima [Hebraist society]; Mizrahi
party; Molho, Michael; Nehama,
Joseph D.; Recanati, Abraham
STANFORD STUDIES IN JEWISH HISTORY AND CULTURE
Edited by David Biale and Sarah Abrevaya Stein
This series features novel approaches to examining the Jewish past in the
form of innovative work that brings the field into productive dialogue with
the newest scholarly concepts and methods. Open to a range of disiplinary
and interdisciplinary approaches from history to cultural studies, this series
publishes exceptional scholarship balanced by an accessible tone that illus-
trates histories of difference and addresses issues of current urgency. Books in
this list push the boundaries of Jewish Studies and speak compellingly to a
wide audience of scholars and students.
Naomi Seidman, The Marriage Plot: Or.; How Jews Fell in Love with Love, and
with Literature
2016
Ivan Jablonka,^ History of the Grandparents I Never Had
2016
For a complete listing of titles in this series, visit the Stanford University
Press website, www.sup.org.
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
Titel: Jewish Salonica
Autor: Naar, Devin E
Jahr: 2016
CONTENTS
List of Figures and Maps ix
Preface xi
Acknovoledgments xvii
Notes on Transliteration xxiii
Introduction: Is Salonica Jewish? i
1 Like a Municipality and a State: Tlie Community 37
2 Who Will Save Sephardic Judaism? Tie Chief Rabbi 89
3 More Sacred than Synagogue: Tie School 139
4 Paving the Way for Better Days: Tie Historians 189
5 Stones that Speak: Tie Cemetery 239
Conclusion: Jewish Salonica: Reality, Myth, Memory 277
Archival Abbreviations 295
Notes 297
Index 355
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Naar, Devin E. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1117815595 |
| author_facet | Naar, Devin E. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Naar, Devin E. |
| author_variant | d e n de den |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043847070 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS135 |
| callnumber-raw | DS135.G72 |
| callnumber-search | DS135.G72 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3135 G72 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| classification_rvk | NY 4800 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)962114123 (DE-599)BVBBV043847070 |
| dewey-full | 949.5/65 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 949 - Other parts of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 949.5/65 |
| dewey-search | 949.5/65 |
| dewey-sort | 3949.5 265 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Griechenland Türkei Turkey History Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 Greece History 1917-1944 Thessaloniki (DE-588)4051394-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Griechenland Türkei Turkey History Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 Greece History 1917-1944 Thessaloniki |
| id | DE-604.BV043847070 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:36:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780804798877 9781503600089 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016006659 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029257490 |
| oclc_num | 962114123 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXVIII, 366 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Stanford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Stanford studies in Jewish history and culture |
| spelling | Naar, Devin E. (DE-588)1117815595 aut Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece Devin E. Naar Stanford, California Stanford University Press [2016] © 2016 XXVIII, 366 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stanford studies in Jewish history and culture Includes bibliographical references and index ; revised dissertation Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 19th century Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 20th century Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland Türkei Turkey History Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 Greece History 1917-1944 Thessaloniki (DE-588)4051394-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Thessaloniki (DE-588)4051394-4 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-5036-0009-6 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029257490&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029257490&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029257490&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Naar, Devin E. Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece Geschichte Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 19th century Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 20th century Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4051394-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece |
| title_auth | Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece |
| title_exact_search | Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece |
| title_full | Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece Devin E. Naar |
| title_fullStr | Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece Devin E. Naar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jewish Salonica between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece Devin E. Naar |
| title_short | Jewish Salonica |
| title_sort | jewish salonica between the ottoman empire and modern greece |
| title_sub | between the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece |
| topic | Geschichte Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 19th century Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 20th century Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 19th century Sephardim Greece Thessalonikē History 20th century Juden Griechenland Türkei Turkey History Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 Greece History 1917-1944 Thessaloniki Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029257490&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029257490&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029257490&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT naardevine jewishsalonicabetweentheottomanempireandmoderngreece |
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