Holdings: Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare

Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare: = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	Albanian
Published:	Prishtinë Instituti Albanologjik 2014
Subjects:	Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur Albaner Volksglaube Tabu Kosovo
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Literaturverzeichnis Abstract
Physical Description:	334 Seiten Illustrationen 20 cm
ISBN:	9789951596978 9951596975

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MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare \|b = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture \|c Dr. Bashkim Lajçi
246	1	1	\|a Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
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505	8		\|a Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index
546			\|a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
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650		4	\|a Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs
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Record in the Search Index

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adam_text	PASQYRA E LËNDËS Parathënie..........:.................................5 Hyrje.............................................. 7 Prejardhja dhe kuptimi i tabusë.......................11 Problemi i tabusë në traditën shqiptare...............17 Pjesa e parë Rregullat e tabusë që kanë të bëjnë me lindjen........23 Rregullat e tabusë gjatë periudhës së shtatzënisë.....25 Rregullat e tabusë gjatë periudhës së lehonisë........50 Rregullat e tabusë që kanë të bëjnë me vdekjen........91 Pjesa e dytë Rregullat e tabusë me raportin e njeriut ndaj natyrës.163 Kafshët e tabuizuara.................................167 Drunjtë e tabuizuar..................................187 Ujërat e tabuizuar...................................201 Pjesa e tretë Rregullat e tabusë që kanë të bëjnë me bujqësinë......210 Rregullat e tabusë në bujqësi.......................-214 Rregullat e tabusë në blegtori.......................231 334 Dr. BASHKIM LA.TÇI Karakteristika të përgjithshme të rregullave të tabusë.237 Pjesa e katërt Rregullat e tabusë lidhur me marrëdhëniet .............243 Rregullat e tabusë me marrëdhëniet ndërmjet gjinive....249 Rregullat e tabusë në procesin e lidhjeve martesore....257 Rregullat e tabusë lidhur me të huajt.............. 273 Rregullat e tabusë lidhur me disa pjesëmarrës........281 Karakteristika të përgjithshme të rregullave të tabusë.285 Përfundimi......................................... 289 Summary..............................................297 Pasqyra e shkurtimeve................................305 Burimet dhe literatura...............................307 Treguesi i emrave....................................317 Pasqyra e lëndës.................................. .333 TREGUESI I EMRAVE Emrat e njerezve A Ahmet Dine Kelmendi, 177, 178, 190, 317 Ahmeti, M. Ali, 109, HO, 1 11 Ali, 288, 292 Ali Bajraktari, 205. 307 Alushi, Qamil, 252, 261, 317 Anri, L„ 253, 317 Artemida, 199, 3 17 At Gjon Karma, 175, 317 Azem Fasli Laj^i, 199, 317 B Bajraktari-Do^i, Naxhije, 34, 208, 270, 317 Bandic, Dusan, 49, 66, 153, 182, 184, 228, 233, 317 Bellusci, A., 130,317 Berishaj, P. Kole, 267, 317 Berus, N„ 137, 317 Blondel, Sh., 167, 317 Braun-Redklif, R.A., 14, 15, 245, 317 Bril-Levi (Bruhl-Levi), 13, 84, 93, 95, 97, 98, 137, 317 Bushati, H„ 270, 317 318 Dr. BASHKIM LA.ICI c Cermanovic, A., 55, 318 Cub, 62, 63, 90, 318 c £abej, Eqrem, 50, 78, 308, 3 18 £ajkanoviq, V. (Cajkanovic, V.), 110, 111, 139, 148, 152, 192, 274, 273, 275, 282, 283, 308, 318 (Taushi, Abedin, 252, 262, 308, 318 D Degrand, A., 190, 308, 318 Dirkem (Durkhaim), 13, 318 Dizdar Osman Aga, 191, 318 Doda, Ismail, 48, 308, 318 Douglas, Harper, 11,338 Dojaka, Abaz, 34, 308, 318 Donini, A., 16,308,318 Doruntina, 113, 318 Draga, Nail, 227, 308, 318 Dush, 62, 3 18 DH Dhamo, T„ 54, 308, 318 E Eliade, Mir?a, 208, 309, 318 F Fatime, 64, 318 TABU NE HTNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE 319 Ferdinand Dervishi, 276, 308, 318 Fetiu, Sadri, 114, 309, 319 Ferri, Naser, 275, 309, 319 Fiamengo, A., 1 19, 309, 319 Figori, R., 192, 193, 309, 319 Fran Z. Jankaj, 185, 267, 310, 319 Frojd, S. (Freud, Siegmund), 13, 285, 286, 309, 319 G Gavazzi, Milovan, 245, 309, 319 Gerig, L. Xh„ 273, 319 Glushqeviq, M. (Gluscevic, M,), 192, 309, 319 GJ Gjergji, Andromaqi, 78, 310, 319 Gjeto Basho Muji, 191, 319 Gjeto Marku, 278, 319 Gjonbalaj, Hasan, 268, 310, 319 H Hahn, 31, 310, 319 Hajrizi, Fazli, 60, 310, 319 Hali! Garia, 1 13, 319 Have, 64, 319 Hekard, H. (Hecquard, H.), 54, 310, 319 Henry, L„ 245, 253, 310, 319 I Iber, 13, 319 320 Dr. B AS H KIM LAJÇI J Jetë, 63 Jering Fon, R., 273, 320 K Kadishani, Jetish, 107, 311, 320 Kleopatara, 258, 320 Karsten, R., 13, 98, 99, 250, 320 Keq, 62, 63, 320 Kërhanaj, Nikollë, 271, 31 1, 320 Krasniqi, Salih, 37, 39, 56, 60, 62, 204, 31 1, 320 Krasniqi, Mark, 63, 70, 103, Jl5, 194, 195, 199, 276, 278, 311, 320 Koçuli, H., 30, 311, 320 Konstandini, 113, 320 Kulishiq, Shpiro, (Kulisic, S.), 54, 55, 195, 282, 311, 320 Kullashi, Sazan, 52, 59, 313, 320 L Lajçi, Bashkim, 70, 186, 252, 310, 320 Lekë Dukagjirii, 227, 263, 309, 320 Lau, R., 257, 320 Lui, 62, 320 M Mal. 63, 320 Malinovski B., (Malinowski Branislav), 87, 92, 93, 96, 320 Manhardt, W„ 187, 311, 320 Maret, 13, 320 Mehdiu, M„ 185, 312, 320 TABU NE ETNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE 321 Mehmeti, Fadil, 32, 47, 48, 52, 74, 101, 103, 109, 127, 129, 312.321 Mejdijaj, Bajram, 261, 262, 311, 321 Memija, M., 261, 321 Millosh Kopiliqi, 205, 321 Mirush, 62, 321 Mitrushi, Llambrini, 26, 30, 31, 39, 40, 51, 53, 64, 70, 72, 101.124.125.130.269.312.321 Mos, 13, 321 Muhamed, 64, 180, 321 Muka, Ali, 225, 226, 312, 321 Mustafa Pasha, 278, 321 Murati, Qeraal, 200, 312, 321 Myx, 54, 321 N Naim Frasheri, 276, 277, 321 Nedime £uko, 40, 321 Nikta, 54, 55, 321 Nopga, F. (Nopcza, F.), 123, 321 Nushi, Jani, 27, 31, 35, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 66, 74, 75, 106, 107, 109, 116, 119, 120, 121, 126, 144, 149, 151, 176, 180, 183, 184, 200, 222, 224, 312, 321 O Oliver Mandic, 11, 245, 311, 321 Ovidi, 112, 321 P Palaj, Bernandin, 175, 279, 313, 321 Papleka, Ndoc, 63, 90, 171, 172, 186, 191, 207, 313, 322 322 Dr. BASHKIM LAJ^I Pilo, 64, 322 Pipi, 64, 322 Pirraku, Muhamet, 62, 63, 90, 313, 322 Plini, 112, 231, 313, 322 Plini i Ri, 112, 322 R Renak, 13, 322 RR Rrap, 63, 90, 322 Rrapaj, M. F„ 192, 313, 322 Rrush, 62, 322 S Samter, E., 148, 322 Selimi, Yllka, 27, 30, 31, 40, 57, 74, 313, 322 Skenderbeu, 78, 263, 322 Siqeca, Shpresa, 52, 59, 313, 322 Smith-Birket, K., 96, 138, 313, 322 Spiro, 64, 322 Steiner, F., 11, 313, 322 Statovci, Drita, 35, 55, 313, 322 Stip^eviq, Aleksander, 43, 69, 95, 114, 115, 129, 231, 313, 322 Sulejmani, Fadil, 34, 35, 40, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 61, 62, 64, 74, 75, 106, 107, 108, 116, 118, 121, 125, 267, 314, 322 Selimi, Edibe, 223, 224, 312 TABU NE ETNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE 323 SH Shab Tahiri, 226, 323 Shevalie-Gebrant (Chevalier-Gheerbrant), 54, 323 Schräder, O., 148, 323 Shkurti, Spiro, 215, 218, 219, 220, 222, 314, 323 Shtengei, P„ 119, 323 Shtjefni, Kolë, 269, 270, 314, 323 Shtjefën Gjeçovi, 222, 227, 228, 229, 323 Shyt, 62, 63, 90, 323 T Tejlor, R. (Taylor, R.), 112, 258, 323 Tirta, Mark, 73, 118, 123, 143, 144, 148, 150, 151, 158, 172, 173, 174, 178, 179, 185, 193, 194, 197, 203, 205, 208, 229, 283,314,323 Tokarev, A.S., 13, 245, 249, 250, 260, 314, 323 Tornas, N. (Thomas, N.), 13, 323 Tuda, Shpresa, 53, 61, 74, 314, 323 U Ujk, 63, 90, 323 Uk, 63, 323 Ukë, 63, 323 V Van Genep, 13, 323 Varoni (Varronis, Terentii. M.), 43, 69, 323 Vajt, Lesli, 257, 258, 259, 265, 315, 323 Vebster, H. (Webster, H.), 79, 245, 315, 324 324 Dr. BASHKIM LAJ£I Vestermark, Eduard (Westermark, Edward), 98, 148, 257, 273, 274, 275, 324 Vinca, Nuhi, 275, 324 Vin9enc Malaj, 279, 311, 324 Vinternic, M„ 148, 324 Virgjili, 112, 324 Vunt, 13, 324 XH Xhemaj, Uke, 78, 142, 171, 172, 189, 194, 196, 216, 315, 324 Xhems Kuk (James Cook), 11, 324 Xhems Frejzer (James Frazer), 11, 12, 13, 30, 65, 118, 148, 169, 170, 174, 178, 188, 196, 245, 274, 279, 281, 309, 324 Z Ze^eviq, S. (Zecevic, S.), 254, 324 Emrat e vendeve: A Afrike, 112, 121, 324 Afrike Qendrore, 64, 89, 324 Alpet e Shqiperise, 185, 324 Amerike, 112, 324 Anamal, 54, 324 Arshiqe, 261, 324 T AB U NË ETNOKULTURËN SHQIPTARE 325 B Bajzë, 325 Berishë, 60, 261, 325 Bilisht, 33, 325 Bishan, 283, 325 Bogovinë, 223, 325 Bosnja, 48, 181, 183, 185, 219, 236, 325 Bozovicë, 34, 325 Brodée, 34, 325 Burim, 56, 325 C Cosenza, 34, 307, 325 ç Çamëri, 143, 325 Çeligrad, 40, 325 D Domgjon, 101, 325 Drenicë, 35, 37, 39, 55, 59, 62, 63, 90, 107, 204, 310, 325 Dukat, 30, 325 Dukagjin, 151, 174, 185, 186, 195, 222, 227, 232, 252, 263, 269,325 DH Dhivër, 101, 325 E Elbasan, 150, 252, 262, 325 Evropë, 121, 148, 187, 188, 325 326 Dr. BASHKIM LAJÇI F Finiq, 101, 325 G Gadishulli Ballkanik, 129, 326 Golaj, 101, 326 Gostivar, 223, 326 Greqi, 199, 326 Guci, 103, 108, 109, 110, 151, 268, 307, 326 Guiñe, 260, 326 GJ Gjakovë, 103, 326 H Has, 62, 70, 270, 271, 311, 326 Havaje, 258, 326 Himarë, 30, 203, 326 Hot, 115, 326 I Indi, 145, 326 Itali, 130, 326 Istog, 56, 326 Ishujt Trobiane, 250, 326 J Jena, 31, 310, 326 TABU NH ETNOKULTURHN SHQIPTARE 327 K Kaganik, 35, 215, 216, 315, 326 Kallmet, 101,326 Karadak, 326 Kastrat, 115, 327 Katerkolle, 226, 327 Keimend, 32, 48, 52, 75, 103, 104, 105, 111, 129, 131, J79, 190,312,327 Kergove, 200, 312, 327 Koman, 190, 327 Korge, 40, 262, 327 Kosove, 7, 33, 35, 37, 54, 57, 62, 66, 77, 111, 120, 143, 178, 179, 184, 220, 327 Kraje, 47, 48, 54, 308, 327 Krahina e Podgurit, 189, 196, 315, 327 Kroaci, 184, 327 Kroi i Xhazit, 205, 327 KrueiZi, 193, 327 Kug, 48, 76, 200, 327 Kukes, 101, 327 L Laberi, 203, 208, 220, 262, 327 Lakoni, 199, 327 Letaj, 197, 327 Lezhe, 101, 327 Legjin, 197, 327 Liqenet e Lures, 208, 327 Liqeni i Mbasdejes, 208, 327 Liqeni i Germanit, 208, 327 Liqeni i Qaleshtanes, 211, 327 328 Dr. BASHKIM LA.FÇI Liqeni i Rikavecit, 208, 327 Ljare, 185, 267, 310, 327 London, 11, 65, 98, 99, 250, 268, 328 Lumi i Mates, 229, 328 LL Llap, 103, 328 Llap i Epërm, 34, 2Ó7, 328 t M Malësi e Gucisë, 103, 108, 109, 1 10, 151, 328 Malësi e Gjakovës, 40,.63, 64, 90, 261, 328 Malësi e Madhe, 267, 307, 328 Malësi e Tetovës, 34, 35, 40, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 64, 74,75, 106, 107, 108, 116, 118, 121, 124, 125,328 Mat, 320, 325, 328 Mesi, 199, 328 Mirditë, 173, 175, 179, 192, 269, 270, 328 Moravë, 35, 328 Moskë, 250, 314, 328 Mrizet e Letit, 197, 328 Myzeqe, 26, 27, 31, 35, 39, 45, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 65,67,71,73,75,76, 103, 108, 109, 111, 118, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 145,146, 151, 154, 177, 184, 185, 203, 226, 228, 266, 273, 320, 330 N Nakëll, 193, 328 Nikaj-Mertur, 150, 151, 185, 186, 328 TABU NE ETNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE 329 O Opojç, 142, 171, 172, 193, 194, 200, 328 Orllat, 60, 328 Orosh, 193, 328 Oqeani, 112, 328 P Paris, 54, 79, 84, 208, 245, 309, 310, 315, 328 Pejë, 36, 70, 149, 177, 178, 186, 190, 193, 199, 207, 252, 328 Peru, 258, 328 Permet, 262, 328 Pëshkash, 229, 328 Plavë, 108, 109, 110, 151, 328 Podrime, 35, 328 Podgur, 35, 189, 196, 328 Prishtinë, 6, 34, 35, 41, 44, 51, 53, 54, 56, 62, 63, 70, 72, 75, 79, 105, 109, 110, 12, 116, 131, 144, 153, 172, 173, 186, 191, 196, 197, 198, 201, 207, 210, 211, 219, 231, 232, 233, 235, 271, 273, 274, 280, 281, 283, 321, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331,332,335 Prizren, 59, 191, 329 Pukë, 190, 329 R Ramicë, 101, 329 Ratishë, 103, 329 Rizë, 30, 329 Rugovë, 34, 41, 45, 52, 59, 61, 69, 70, 79, 149, 172, 177, 185, 186, 190, 199, 202, 251, 261, 267, 270, 329 330 Dr. BASHKIM LA.TÇI S Sanxhak, 228, 330 Sarandë, 101, 330 Selcë e Keqe, 330 Sibiri Verior, 330 Skrapar, 262, 330 Strugë, 53, 54, 61, 74, 185, 330 Suharekë, 34, 207, 208, 270, 330 SH Sharr, 34, 330 Shelcan, 101, 330 Shestan, 185, 319, 330 Shkodër, 175, 190, 270, 278, 307, 308, 330 Shkrel, 205, 278, 330 Shkup, 35, 200, 223, 312, 330 Shqipëri, 78, 143, 173, 179, 185, 263, 276, 330 Shqipëri Jugore, 262, 330 Shqipëri Juglindore, 262, 330 Shqipëri e Veriut, 26, 150, 330 T Tepelenë, 3 l, 72, 330 Tetovë, 34, 35, 40, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 64, 223, 330 Tërpezë, 61, 207, 330 Tiranë, 40, 63, 90, 330 Tomorr, 192, 283, 330 Tomorricë, 3!, 143, 330 TABU NË ETNOKULTURËN SHQIPTARE 331 TH Therandë, 34, 270, 331 Thkellë, 229, 331 V Vermosh, 276, 331 Veshallë, 34, 331 Vjosë, 262, 331 Vlorë, 101, 143, 283, 331 Vuno, 203, 331 Z Zadrimë, 40, 57, 73, 74, 313, 331 Zagreb, 11, 16, 93,95, 96, 118, 119, 137, 245, 331 Zajaz, 185, 312, 331 Zogaj, 171, 331 BURIMET DHE LITERATURA A AHMETI. M, Ali,-Rite te vdekjes shqiptaret ¡nalcsi.se Gneise dhe te Piaves, Trashegimia dhe transformimi i kul- tures popullore, Prishtine, 1983. ALUSHI, Q, Dasma ne Mat,ESH, 4, Titane, 1972. ASHAK, Rugova-monografi etno, Prishtine, 1987. B BANDIC, D, Tabu u tradicionalnojkiilturi , Beograd, 1980. BELLUSCI, A, Magia, initie popotari, etnografia tra gli Aibanesi d’llaliaCosenca 1983. BERISHAJ. P, Kole, S of rat ne Malesine e , Ferizaj, 1990. BERUS, N, O Levy-Bruhlui nje talitet” (pastheniee vepres se permendur), Zagreb, 1954. BRAUN REDKLIF, R. A, Tabu (ne librin o II), Beograd, 1969. BRUHL-EEVY, L, Primitivni menteditet, Zagreb, 1954. BUSHATI, H, Zakone te Shkod“Leka , VII, Shkoder, 1934. 308 Dr. RASHKIM LAJCI c (^ABEJ, Eqrem, Studime gjnhesore, Prishtine, 1988. CAJKANOVIC, V, Studije iz r SEZb XXX, Beograd, 1924. CAJKANOVIC, V, Mir i religijasrba, Beograd, 1973. £AUSHI, A, Martesane qytetine Elbas emit, ESH, 5, Tirane, 1974. D DEGRAND, A, Kujtime...,Shkoder, 20 DERVISHT, Ferdinand, Gazeta , e dt. DODA, Ismail, Dasmane Kraje, Trashegimia dhe transfor- mimi i kultures popullore, Prishtine, 1983. DOCI-BAJRAKTARf, Naxhije, Disci tipare te dhe marteses ne anene Stiharekes,Trashegimia dhe transformimi i kultures popullore, Prishtine, 1983. DONINI, A, Pregled povijesti re, Zagreb, 1964. DOJAKA, A, Ceremoniali i dasmes shqiptare, ESH, 9, Tira- ne, 1978. DRAGA, Nail, Nga mitologjicie Aires se , Studimi etnografik i ndryshimeve bashkekohore ne kulturen popullore shqiptare (Materiale nga Sesioni shkencor i mbajtur ne Prishtine me 7 dhe 8 dhjetor 1989), Prishtine, 1990. DH DHAMÄ, Todi, Fjalor i Mito/ogjise,Tirane, 2010. TABU NF ETNOKULTURËN SHQIPTARH 309 E ELIADE, M, Traité de T histoire des , Paris, 1947. EP1KA LEG J EN DARE, Tiranë, 1966. F FERRI, Naser, Mikpritja dikurdire sot, gaz. “Zëri”, e du 26.1.2008. FETIU, Sadri, Besa në haladat Trashëgimia dhe transformimi i kulturës popullore, Prishtinë, 1983. FIAMENGO, A, Porijeklo idrustvena uloga , Zagreb, 1950. FIÇORI, R, Mati, Tiranë, 1998. FRAZER, George, James, Totem and Exogamy IV, Lo- ndon, 1910. FREJZER, Dz. Dz.: Zlatnagrana, Beograd, 1937. FROJD, S, Totem i tahu, Odabrana delà Sigmunda Frojda, 4, Novi Sad, 1969. G GLUSCEVIC, M, K uvada,Beograd, 1964. GAVAZZT, Milo van, Godina hrvat skill caja, II, Zagreb, 1939. GJ GJEQOVI, Shtjeten, Kanunii Lekë Prishtinë, 1985. GJEQOVI, Shtjeten, Vepra,2, Prishtinë, 1985. 310 Dr. BASHKIM LA.ÏÇ1 GJERGJI, Andromaqi, Gjnnnërë clisa te dikarshme të jetës familjare,BUSHT, seria e shkencave sho- qërore, nr. 2. Tiranë, 1963. GJONBALAJ, Hasan, Të dhëna GJAFE, 9, Prishtinë, 1980. H HAJRIZI, Fazli, Mbi disci besirne në e Radishevëtë Drenicës, SENBKPSH, Prishtinë, 1990. HAHN, J. G, AlbanesischeStudien I, Jena, 1954. HECQUARD, H, Historie et Description de haute Albanie ou Gué ga rie, Paris, 1857. HENRY, L, Porijekloreligije, Zagreb, 1952. HIRTZ, M, ¿mije kucarice, ZbNZOJS XXVII, Zagreb, 1930 I IBRAHIMI, Ramadan, Dasma e GJAFE, 9, Prishtinë, 1980. J JANKAJ, F, Dasma në Ljare, GJAFE, I, Prishtinë, 1971. JANKAJ. Z, Fran, Rite motmotinë Ljare (Shestan), GJAFE, 6. Prishtinë, 1978. L LAJÇI, Bashkim, G/unnime , Dukagjini, Pejë, 2007. TABU NË ETNOKUETURËN SHQIPTARE 3 ( , K KADIS HANI, Jetish, Bestytnitëkryeshnosh në Dre nice, Trashëgimià dhe transformimi i kulturës popullore, Prishtinë, 1983. KARESTEN, R, The origin of religLondon, 1935. KARMA, Gjon, Ndërmalet tona,Shkodër, 2002. KËRHANAJ, N, Lojërat dhe krijpopullore në Has, gaz. “Rilindja”, e dt. 17.6.1990. KOÇULI, H, Zakone lindjejenë e Vlorës, dorëshkrim, Arkivi Etnograiïk, 1965. KRASNIQI, Mark, Mikprit ja në traditën ASHAK, Prishtinë, 2005. KRASNIQI, Mark, Aspekte mitol- e besëtytni, Prishtinë, 1991. KRASNIQI, Mark, Nga gurret e traditës, Prishtinë, 1991. KRASNIQI, Salih, Bestytnitë për dhe në disa fshatra të Drenicës,GJAFE, 9, Prishtinë, 1980. KULISIC, S, lz stare srpske religijBeograd, 1970. M MALAJ, Vinçenc, Kuvendi i Arbën1703, Prishtinë, 1993. MALINOWSKI, Bronislav, Ma, i Beo- grad, 1971 MANDIC, O, Od kultaluhanje do Zagreb, 1954. MANHARDT, W, Vald and ValdBerlin, 1905. MEJDIJAJ, M, Disc 1 tiparetë , ESH, 4 Tiranë, 1972. 312 l)r. BASHKIM LA.igi MEHDIU, F, Ritii prezheshkes clisa rite re motit ne einen e Zajaz.it,Trashegimia dhe transformimi i kultures popullore (Materiale nga Sesioni shkencor i mbajtur ne Prishline me 7-8 shtator 1989), Prishtine, 1983. MEMIA, M, Lindjadhe kumbariane Malesine e Etnografía shqiptare .2, Tirane, 1963. MEMIA, M, Dasinae Malesise, ESH, I, Tirane, 1962. MEHMETI, Fadil, Zakone e rite te lincljes se ne Keimend, Etnografía shqiptare 1 l, Tirane, 1980. MEHMETI, Fadil, Zakone, rite e vdekjeje ne mend, Etnografía shqiptare 9, Tirane, 1978. MITRUSHI, Llambrini, Zakone lindjen e femijes nder lalete Myz.eqese, Etnografía shqiptare IV, Tirane, 1972. MITRUSHI, Llambrini, Zakone e rite te te vde- kjes ne Myzeqe, ESH, 5, Tirane, 1974. MUKA, Ali, Themelet e baneses ne , Kultura popullore 1, Tirane, 1990. MURATI, Qemal, Ker^ova ne traditat e saj te vjetra, Shkup, 1996. N NUSHI, Jani, Mitologjie besirne ne , Etnografía shqi- ptare 5, Tirane, 1974. O OSMANI-SELIMI, Edibe, Rite e besirne popullore ne e Tetoves e Gostivarit,Shkup, 1977. TAHU NK HTNOKULTURHN SUQIPTARK P PALAJ, Bernandin, Mikpritjae , Tirane, 1943. PALAJ, Bernandin, Ora e shtepBota shqiptare, Tirane, 1934. PAPLEKA, N, Kalre, rite.inagji órale, Tirane, 1999. PIRRAKU, Muhamet, Te dhe na e Drenice, GJAFE, 6, Prishtine, 1978. PLINI, NatyralisHistoria, III. RR RRAPAJ, M. F, revista Ylli,1990. S SELIMI, Yllka, Ritee zakone te Etnografía shqiptare 13, Tirane, 1983. SELIMI, Yllka, Zakone te lindjesne Zadrime dhe te tyre ne ditettona, Etnografía shqiptare 1 1, Tirane, 1980. SIQECA, Sh.-KULLASHI, S, Doke e zakone te lindjes, inartesesdhe vdekjes, Rugova-monografi etnografike, ASHAK, Prishtine, 1987. SMITH - BIRKET, K, Putovi kZagreb, 1960. STATOVCI, D, Elemente mitologdhe ne doke e zakone te lindjes, GJAFE 18, Prishtine, 1988. STEINER, F, Tahoo, London, 1956. STIPí^EVIQ, Aleksander, lliret,Prishtine, 1990. 314 Dr. B ASH KIM LA.IÇI SULEJMANI, Fadil, Lind ja ,ma dhe mort ja ne males de e Tetovës, Prishtinë, 1988. SH SHKURTI, Spiro, Mbjelljae ESH, 14, Tiranë, 1984. SNEVAJS, E, Apot rope ¡ski elem n kodSrba i Hrvata,GEM 2, Beograd, 1927. SHTJEFNI, K, Doke mirditore, ESH, 2, Tiranë, 1963. T TIRTA, Mark, Mitologjia ndër shqiptare,Tiranë, 2003. TIRTA, Mark, Aspekte të kultittë të e të ndër shqiptarë,Etnografia shqiptare 10, Tiranë, 1979. TIRTA, Mark, Kalte të bujqësisë dhe të ne popullin tonë, ESH, 9, Tiranë, 1978. TIRTA, Mark, Etnologjia shqiptare, Tiranë, 2003. TOKAREV, A.S, Vera v zgodovini sveta, Ljubljana, 1974, TOKAREV. A. S, Runieformt Moskva, 1964. TUDA, Shpresa, Zakone dhe besëtytni ne dhe rrethinë, GJAFE, 9, Prishtinë, 1980. TH THOMAS, N, Taboo, Encyclopedia Británica, London, 1911. TAHU NB HT N O KU LT l J R H N SHQIPTARE 315 V VAJT, L, A faukao kufturi, Beograd, 1970. VARRONIS TERENTT, M, De re rustika, lib. I. VEBER, Maks, Privreclai drustvBeograd, 1976. WESTERMARCK, E, The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, London I (1912), TI (1917). WEBSTER, H, Le tabou, Paris, 1952. VISARET E KOMBIT, I, III, Tiranë, 1937, 1944. VINCA, Nuhi, C a të dhëna mb e mot mot it, GJAFE, 6, Prishtinë, 1978. XH XHEMAJ, Ukë, Mënyra tradicionale e , dhe shirjesnë rrethinën e Kaçanikut,GJAFE, 8, Prishtinë, 1978. XHEMAJ, Ukë, Etnokidturashqiptare në Prishtinë, 2003. XHEMAJ, Ukë, Reliktet e bespagane e në Opojë e Gorë, GJAFE, 9, Prishtinë, 1980. XHEMAJ, Ukë, Përdisa çështje rreth ndër shc/iptarë,GJAFE, 14, Prishtinë, 1985.. TABOO IN THE ALBANIAN ETHNOCULTURE Summary In the traditional Albanian culture exists a number of prohibitions and restrictions, which can be identified as taboo or as traces of taboo. The subject presented here, very clearly denotes that negative rules used to involve (in some places they do today as well) the overall process of the life of social communities or individuals of our population. Since each field of life has a specific content and creates specific needs, the rules of taboo in some moments gain specific features, by getting separated as a distinct group, or as a distinct complex. Our researches have been oriented on those fields of life of a community or individuals on which these rules appear in the most obvious manner. Based on this, we have treated the complexes of taboo dealing with: 1) — critical moments in humans life, their life and death, 2) — humans or the society s relation with the nature, 3) — the agricultural and production process, and 4) — certain forms of human relations. By analyzing the results obtained from the analysis of these complexes, we shall endeavour to formulate general 298 l)r. BASHKIM LA.tCI position on the character and the role of taboo in the Albanian traditional culture. Our initial theoretical considerations have concluded that taboo represents a religious social phenomenon, and every research of this phenomenon should take account of its both fundamental aspects. We have followed this rule when defi- ning the general characteristics of taboo in our population. We shall endeavour to coordinate the results of our research in two spheres — religious and social sphere. The real issue only a small number of beliefs and cults has survival in tra- ditional Albanian culture, for reasons of extinction and acqui- sition of their part by the church and the mosque. Based on this, we can not say much about the process of theism ani- mistik taboos. I. TABOO AS A RELIGIOUS PHENOMENON As we have noted above, each religion may be defined as a belief in the supernatural. The research conducted so far has proved that the notion “supernatural” in the religious outlook of our population, most frequently, is revealed in the form of spirits that include all creatures, objects and pheno- mena, respectively those that direct their activity, either real or unreal. Hence, it is about revelations with animistic chara- cter. Therefore, we can plausibly say that the entire religion of the Albanian population was developed from an archaic religious system, conceptualized in an animistic manner - although transformed and fragmented largely - even today constitutes its essence. However, not onlv the believing in supernatural constitutes the religion, but also acting on it, i.e. TABU NF ETNOKULTIJRFN SHQIPTARF 299 not only theoretical aspect but the practical aspect as well. The religion of our people is characterised by a fairly well developed religious practice. Numerous negative forms (res- trictions, limitations) represent a particular form of this prac- tice, which in earlier works we have included into the notion of taboo. The analysis of the material we has shown that the rules mentioned have mainly animistic base, most often rep- resent the endeavours of a social community (or of an indi- vidual within it) for establishment of connections or relations with supernatural creatures of an animistic type. This implies a conclusion that this entire system of taboo is created within the human society as an integral part of the animistic nucleus of our traditional religion, being preserved in recent materials of the traditional Albanian culture. If we endorse this hypo- thesis, then our analysis too should be oriented towards two main problems. Here we shall try to confirm: 1) — the main characteristics of the “primal” animistic taboo system, as well as 2) — the way it was built, from the animistic base, the grouping of syncretic prohibitions and restrictions and limi- tations in “modern circles of our traditional culture. 1). Our analysis of the taboo animistic system extended to both, functional and formal side. We have confirmed, first of all, that negative rules within this system do not have a common function. They may be divided into two main gro- ups. The first group includes those rules which forbid the contact of human with supernatural creatures, whilst the second group includes all those rules which forbid the ter- mination of this contact. It is not difficult to note that the functional differences between these two groups of taboo 300 Dr. BASHKIM LA.ICt come from two opposite positions vis-a-vis spiritual powers: in the first case the prohibitions relate to the belief about detrimental impact of supernatural creatures and the disco- very of an antagonist and hostile attitude of humans against them; while in the second case they are based on the bene- ficial effects of these creatures, hence creating an opposite attitude. However, as whole, these taboos reveal general am- bivalent relation of humans versus supernatural creatures or relations which are dominated by opposite, antagonist and coexistent tendencies. We said earlier that taboos are a type of regulator of an imaginary linkage between people and supernatural forces. But this linkage may be “established” only indirectly - through certain media, which is expressed through the pre- sence or action of spirits, demons and similar creatures. So, not only creatures but also the medium, its form of mani- festation, represents the formal object of taboo. Within our animistic system, the formal object of taboo is mainly of a formal character. This may be any creature or object, or some parts of them. The linkage between the object considered as taboo and its immaterial entity in the beliefs of our population has gained various forms: supernatural forces could appear in the tabooing object as its life principle (spirit), as “free” independent from the object, that gather around it or stay within it temporarily. However, the activity of supernatural creatures is not always linked with material structure. Some- times it is established merely within certain time- and spatial coordinates. Hence, such “immaterial” media as well as such time and space may be, in certain situations, characterized as the “objects” of taboo. In the animistic system of taboo, which we are talking about, there are many rules which TABU NK ETNOKULTURHN SHQIPTARF. 301 restrict the behaviour of humans during the time when evil creatures are active (e.g. after the sunset, forty days after death or after birth etc.), or within certain places where their activity is predicted (e.g. on the entire area outside house, or outside household surrounding). As a conclusion, we can say that the linkage of population with supernatural creatures, in the formal way is revealed with tabooing of “objects”. Tabooing of an object means to restrict ones activity related to it, by avoiding only those forms of activities that explicitly or implicitly, imply undesirable reaction of present powers. Based on this, every restriction comes as the consequence of the activity of super- natural creatures. As the result, in the animistic system of the taboo in our population we can distinguish two main types of prohibited activities: (a) — those that cause “conscious” reaction, and (b) — those that cause “mechanical” reaction of spiritual forces. a) . — Revelation of the supernatural in our population is manifested, most frequently, in the animistic form — resulting from the beliefs in certain creatures, which are conceived as “conscious” and in a way similar to humans. That is why their reactions are deemed as the same with those of humans: they may revenge or break the friendship. The population believes that they must not be provoked and accordingly any action that might cause that should be avoided. b) . — According to the traditional belief, acting of super- natural creatures can be also completely mechanical, automa- 302 Dr. BASHKIM LAi^I tic, most often, according to the principle of touch and like- ness. Accordingly, any action that could provoke such reac- tion is avoided. Restrictions of contacts with tabooing objects (touching, looking, hearing, and being close to) as well as avoiding those actions that are associated with the undesi- rable course of action, according to this belief have grounds. In the material presented so far we have divided general characteristics of the animistic type of taboo in our populati- on, both, in functional and in formal sense (tabooing of “ob- jects” and activities). 2). “Primary” animistic system of the taboo has survi- ved until today. However, with the development of the religi- ous thought it has undergone significant changes. Tn our opi- nion, these changes consist of three processes, which we will conditionally call: theism, Christianism and atheism. The process of theism of the taboo s animistic system in our population is linked with the early period of the emergence of gods. The research conducted so far, has provi- ded important data on the existence of gods and their cults in the paganism of our population, but this phase of the develo- pment of our religion is less known. Indeed, only a small number of beliefs and cults has survived in traditional Alba- nian culture, for the reasons of extinction and acquisition of their parts by the church and the mosque. Bearing this in mind, we cannot say much about the process of theism of ani- mistic taboos. TABU NK HTNOKULTIJKHN SHQIFTARB 303 II - TABOO AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON Taboo s religious role can be characterized as a mani- festation form of an open or hidden societal role. With the discovery of the societal role of some kind of taboo, we, in fact, discover the basic reasons for its creation. A general vi- ew at the rules of taboo in traditional Albanian culture reveals that’s its genesis or origin should be sought in early archaic period. In favour of this speaks the similarity in form of important kinds of of these rules, with wide spread forms of taboo of primitive people in different parts of the globe. If we agree with the opinion that primitive societies (only in the broadest sense) can be viewed as school of the past in our development, then we can rightly envision that all of important taboos in traditional Albanian culture were crea- ted in the early time periods. By using the statements of the theories approved earlier on this concrete material related to ethnic Albanian area space, we came to a conclusion that the “early” system of the taboo has derived from two categories of human needs: a) The need to overcome specific problems within a social experience (especially in those situations where succe- ssful conclusion can not be reached by in a rational way), and b) The deep, hidden need to preserve the integrity of the existing social structure. 4*—- The system of early tribal - gender taboo is partially preserved until today, i.e. in the changed social conditions. Its existence, of course, ought to be linked to the social environ- 304 Dr. BASHKIM LAJCI •» ment to which is linked the traditional culture of our people, and which is usually known as a patriarchal or rural Albanian society. Based on the presence of taboo system in all areas and in all forms of popular life, we can assume that these rules, in our “patriarchal society, did not represent a sort of ana- chronism, but merely maintained their social functions, to some extent in an altered form, and of a weak intensity. Under new societal conditions, with the interference of economic development in the countryside, with the infiltra- tion of the “civilized culture, with the destruction of “patri- archal social frameworks — most of these prohibitions beca- me dysfunctional, while the existing system of taboos is undergoing a rapid deconstruction and is disappearing.
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publishDateSort	2014
publisher	Instituti Albanologjik
record_format	marc
spelling	Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)1072323117 aut Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Prishtinë Instituti Albanologjik 2014 334 Seiten Illustrationen 20 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd rswk-swf Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 gnd rswk-swf Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 s Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 s Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract
spellingShingle	Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 gnd Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4063849-2 (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4063834-0 (DE-588)4058861-0 (DE-588)4032571-4
title	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
title_alt	Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
title_auth	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
title_exact_search	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
title_full	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi
title_fullStr	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi
title_full_unstemmed	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi
title_short	Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare
title_sort	tabu ne etnokulturen shqiptare taboo in albanian etnoculture
title_sub	= Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
topic	Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 gnd Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd
topic_facet	Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur Albaner Volksglaube Tabu Kosovo
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT lajcibashkim tabuneetnokulturenshqiptaretabooinalbanianetnoculture AT lajcibashkim tabooinalbanianetnoculture

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