Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare: = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Albanian |
Veröffentlicht: |
Prishtinë
Instituti Albanologjik
2014
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | 334 Seiten Illustrationen 20 cm |
ISBN: | 9789951596978 9951596975 |
Internformat
MARC
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020 | |a 9789951596978 |9 978-9951-596-97-8 | ||
020 | |a 9951596975 |9 9951-596-97-5 | ||
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041 | 0 | |a alb | |
049 | |a DE-12 | ||
084 | |a 7,43 |2 ssgn | ||
100 | 1 | |a Lajçi, Bashkim |d 1955- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1072323117 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare |b = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |c Dr. Bashkim Lajçi |
246 | 1 | 1 | |a Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |
264 | 1 | |a Prishtinë |b Instituti Albanologjik |c 2014 | |
300 | |a 334 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 20 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
505 | 8 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index | |
546 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
650 | 4 | |a Taboo / Balkan Peninsula | |
650 | 4 | |a Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs | |
650 | 4 | |a Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore | |
650 | 4 | |a Alltag, Brauchtum | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Volkskultur |0 (DE-588)4063849-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Albaner |0 (DE-588)4068517-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Volksglaube |0 (DE-588)4063834-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Tabu |0 (DE-588)4058861-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 7 | |a Kosovo |0 (DE-588)4032571-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Kosovo |0 (DE-588)4032571-4 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Albaner |0 (DE-588)4068517-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Volkskultur |0 (DE-588)4063849-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Volksglaube |0 (DE-588)4063834-0 |D s |
689 | 0 | 4 | |a Tabu |0 (DE-588)4058861-0 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Personenregister |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
940 | 1 | |n oe | |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029240457 | ||
942 | 1 | 1 | |c 390 |e 22/bsb |f 090512 |g 4975 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804176690896699392 |
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adam_text | PASQYRA E LËNDËS
Parathënie..........:.................................5
Hyrje.............................................. 7
Prejardhja dhe kuptimi i tabusë.......................11
Problemi i tabusë në traditën shqiptare...............17
Pjesa e parë
Rregullat e tabusë që kanë të bëjnë me lindjen........23
Rregullat e tabusë gjatë periudhës së shtatzënisë.....25
Rregullat e tabusë gjatë periudhës së lehonisë........50
Rregullat e tabusë që kanë të bëjnë me vdekjen........91
Pjesa e dytë
Rregullat e tabusë me raportin e njeriut ndaj natyrës.163
Kafshët e tabuizuara.................................167
Drunjtë e tabuizuar..................................187
Ujërat e tabuizuar...................................201
Pjesa e tretë
Rregullat e tabusë që kanë të bëjnë me bujqësinë......210
Rregullat e tabusë në bujqësi.......................-214
Rregullat e tabusë në blegtori.......................231
334
Dr. BASHKIM LA.TÇI
Karakteristika të përgjithshme të rregullave të tabusë.237
Pjesa e katërt
Rregullat e tabusë lidhur me marrëdhëniet .............243
Rregullat e tabusë me marrëdhëniet ndërmjet gjinive....249
Rregullat e tabusë në procesin e lidhjeve martesore....257
Rregullat e tabusë lidhur me të huajt.............. 273
Rregullat e tabusë lidhur me disa pjesëmarrës........281
Karakteristika të përgjithshme të rregullave të tabusë.285
Përfundimi......................................... 289
Summary..............................................297
Pasqyra e shkurtimeve................................305
Burimet dhe literatura...............................307
Treguesi i emrave....................................317
Pasqyra e lëndës.................................. .333
TREGUESI I EMRAVE
Emrat e njerezve
A
Ahmet Dine Kelmendi, 177, 178, 190, 317
Ahmeti, M. Ali, 109, HO, 1 11
Ali, 288, 292
Ali Bajraktari, 205. 307
Alushi, Qamil, 252, 261, 317
Anri, L„ 253, 317
Artemida, 199, 3 17
At Gjon Karma, 175, 317
Azem Fasli Laj^i, 199, 317
B
Bajraktari-Do^i, Naxhije, 34, 208, 270, 317
Bandic, Dusan, 49, 66, 153, 182, 184, 228, 233, 317
Bellusci, A., 130,317
Berishaj, P. Kole, 267, 317
Berus, N„ 137, 317
Blondel, Sh., 167, 317
Braun-Redklif, R.A., 14, 15, 245, 317
Bril-Levi (Bruhl-Levi), 13, 84, 93, 95, 97, 98, 137, 317
Bushati, H„ 270, 317
318
Dr. BASHKIM LA.ICI
c
Cermanovic, A., 55, 318
Cub, 62, 63, 90, 318
c
£abej, Eqrem, 50, 78, 308, 3 18
£ajkanoviq, V. (Cajkanovic, V.), 110, 111, 139, 148, 152,
192, 274, 273, 275, 282, 283, 308, 318
(Taushi, Abedin, 252, 262, 308, 318
D
Degrand, A., 190, 308, 318
Dirkem (Durkhaim), 13, 318
Dizdar Osman Aga, 191, 318
Doda, Ismail, 48, 308, 318
Douglas, Harper, 11,338
Dojaka, Abaz, 34, 308, 318
Donini, A., 16,308,318
Doruntina, 113, 318
Draga, Nail, 227, 308, 318
Dush, 62, 3 18
DH
Dhamo, T„ 54, 308, 318
E
Eliade, Mir?a, 208, 309, 318
F
Fatime, 64, 318
TABU NE HTNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE
319
Ferdinand Dervishi, 276, 308, 318
Fetiu, Sadri, 114, 309, 319
Ferri, Naser, 275, 309, 319
Fiamengo, A., 1 19, 309, 319
Figori, R., 192, 193, 309, 319
Fran Z. Jankaj, 185, 267, 310, 319
Frojd, S. (Freud, Siegmund), 13, 285, 286, 309, 319
G
Gavazzi, Milovan, 245, 309, 319
Gerig, L. Xh„ 273, 319
Glushqeviq, M. (Gluscevic, M,), 192, 309, 319
GJ
Gjergji, Andromaqi, 78, 310, 319
Gjeto Basho Muji, 191, 319
Gjeto Marku, 278, 319
Gjonbalaj, Hasan, 268, 310, 319
H
Hahn, 31, 310, 319
Hajrizi, Fazli, 60, 310, 319
Hali! Garia, 1 13, 319
Have, 64, 319
Hekard, H. (Hecquard, H.), 54, 310, 319
Henry, L„ 245, 253, 310, 319
I
Iber, 13, 319
320
Dr. B AS H KIM LAJÇI
J
Jetë, 63
Jering Fon, R., 273, 320
K
Kadishani, Jetish, 107, 311, 320
Kleopatara, 258, 320
Karsten, R., 13, 98, 99, 250, 320
Keq, 62, 63, 320
Kërhanaj, Nikollë, 271, 31 1, 320
Krasniqi, Salih, 37, 39, 56, 60, 62, 204, 31 1, 320
Krasniqi, Mark, 63, 70, 103, Jl5, 194, 195, 199, 276, 278,
311, 320
Koçuli, H., 30, 311, 320
Konstandini, 113, 320
Kulishiq, Shpiro, (Kulisic, S.), 54, 55, 195, 282, 311, 320
Kullashi, Sazan, 52, 59, 313, 320
L
Lajçi, Bashkim, 70, 186, 252, 310, 320
Lekë Dukagjirii, 227, 263, 309, 320
Lau, R., 257, 320
Lui, 62, 320
M
Mal. 63, 320
Malinovski B., (Malinowski Branislav), 87, 92, 93, 96, 320
Manhardt, W„ 187, 311, 320
Maret, 13, 320
Mehdiu, M„ 185, 312, 320
TABU NE ETNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE
321
Mehmeti, Fadil, 32, 47, 48, 52, 74, 101, 103, 109, 127, 129,
312.321
Mejdijaj, Bajram, 261, 262, 311, 321
Memija, M., 261, 321
Millosh Kopiliqi, 205, 321
Mirush, 62, 321
Mitrushi, Llambrini, 26, 30, 31, 39, 40, 51, 53, 64, 70, 72,
101.124.125.130.269.312.321
Mos, 13, 321
Muhamed, 64, 180, 321
Muka, Ali, 225, 226, 312, 321
Mustafa Pasha, 278, 321
Murati, Qeraal, 200, 312, 321
Myx, 54, 321
N
Naim Frasheri, 276, 277, 321
Nedime £uko, 40, 321
Nikta, 54, 55, 321
Nopga, F. (Nopcza, F.), 123, 321
Nushi, Jani, 27, 31, 35, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 66,
74, 75, 106, 107, 109, 116, 119, 120, 121, 126, 144, 149, 151,
176, 180, 183, 184, 200, 222, 224, 312, 321
O
Oliver Mandic, 11, 245, 311, 321
Ovidi, 112, 321
P
Palaj, Bernandin, 175, 279, 313, 321
Papleka, Ndoc, 63, 90, 171, 172, 186, 191, 207, 313, 322
322
Dr. BASHKIM LAJ^I
Pilo, 64, 322
Pipi, 64, 322
Pirraku, Muhamet, 62, 63, 90, 313, 322
Plini, 112, 231, 313, 322
Plini i Ri, 112, 322
R
Renak, 13, 322
RR
Rrap, 63, 90, 322
Rrapaj, M. F„ 192, 313, 322
Rrush, 62, 322
S
Samter, E., 148, 322
Selimi, Yllka, 27, 30, 31, 40, 57, 74, 313, 322
Skenderbeu, 78, 263, 322
Siqeca, Shpresa, 52, 59, 313, 322
Smith-Birket, K., 96, 138, 313, 322
Spiro, 64, 322
Steiner, F., 11, 313, 322
Statovci, Drita, 35, 55, 313, 322
Stip^eviq, Aleksander, 43, 69, 95, 114, 115, 129, 231, 313,
322
Sulejmani, Fadil, 34, 35, 40, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 61, 62, 64,
74, 75, 106, 107, 108, 116, 118, 121, 125, 267, 314, 322
Selimi, Edibe, 223, 224, 312
TABU NE ETNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE
323
SH
Shab Tahiri, 226, 323
Shevalie-Gebrant (Chevalier-Gheerbrant), 54, 323
Schräder, O., 148, 323
Shkurti, Spiro, 215, 218, 219, 220, 222, 314, 323
Shtengei, P„ 119, 323
Shtjefni, Kolë, 269, 270, 314, 323
Shtjefën Gjeçovi, 222, 227, 228, 229, 323
Shyt, 62, 63, 90, 323
T
Tejlor, R. (Taylor, R.), 112, 258, 323
Tirta, Mark, 73, 118, 123, 143, 144, 148, 150, 151, 158, 172,
173, 174, 178, 179, 185, 193, 194, 197, 203, 205, 208, 229,
283,314,323
Tokarev, A.S., 13, 245, 249, 250, 260, 314, 323
Tornas, N. (Thomas, N.), 13, 323
Tuda, Shpresa, 53, 61, 74, 314, 323
U
Ujk, 63, 90, 323
Uk, 63, 323
Ukë, 63, 323
V
Van Genep, 13, 323
Varoni (Varronis, Terentii. M.), 43, 69, 323
Vajt, Lesli, 257, 258, 259, 265, 315, 323
Vebster, H. (Webster, H.), 79, 245, 315, 324
324
Dr. BASHKIM LAJ£I
Vestermark, Eduard (Westermark, Edward), 98, 148, 257,
273, 274, 275, 324
Vinca, Nuhi, 275, 324
Vin9enc Malaj, 279, 311, 324
Vinternic, M„ 148, 324
Virgjili, 112, 324
Vunt, 13, 324
XH
Xhemaj, Uke, 78, 142, 171, 172, 189, 194, 196, 216, 315,
324
Xhems Kuk (James Cook), 11, 324
Xhems Frejzer (James Frazer), 11, 12, 13, 30, 65, 118, 148,
169, 170, 174, 178, 188, 196, 245, 274, 279, 281, 309, 324
Z
Ze^eviq, S. (Zecevic, S.), 254, 324
Emrat e vendeve:
A
Afrike, 112, 121, 324
Afrike Qendrore, 64, 89, 324
Alpet e Shqiperise, 185, 324
Amerike, 112, 324
Anamal, 54, 324
Arshiqe, 261, 324
T AB U NË ETNOKULTURËN SHQIPTARE
325
B
Bajzë, 325
Berishë, 60, 261, 325
Bilisht, 33, 325
Bishan, 283, 325
Bogovinë, 223, 325
Bosnja, 48, 181, 183, 185, 219, 236, 325
Bozovicë, 34, 325
Brodée, 34, 325
Burim, 56, 325
C
Cosenza, 34, 307, 325
ç
Çamëri, 143, 325
Çeligrad, 40, 325
D
Domgjon, 101, 325
Drenicë, 35, 37, 39, 55, 59, 62, 63, 90, 107, 204, 310, 325
Dukat, 30, 325
Dukagjin, 151, 174, 185, 186, 195, 222, 227, 232, 252, 263,
269,325
DH
Dhivër, 101, 325
E
Elbasan, 150, 252, 262, 325
Evropë, 121, 148, 187, 188, 325
326
Dr. BASHKIM LAJÇI
F
Finiq, 101, 325
G
Gadishulli Ballkanik, 129, 326
Golaj, 101, 326
Gostivar, 223, 326
Greqi, 199, 326
Guci, 103, 108, 109, 110, 151, 268, 307, 326
Guiñe, 260, 326
GJ
Gjakovë, 103, 326
H
Has, 62, 70, 270, 271, 311, 326
Havaje, 258, 326
Himarë, 30, 203, 326
Hot, 115, 326
I
Indi, 145, 326
Itali, 130, 326
Istog, 56, 326
Ishujt Trobiane, 250, 326
J
Jena, 31, 310, 326
TABU NH ETNOKULTURHN SHQIPTARE
327
K
Kaganik, 35, 215, 216, 315, 326
Kallmet, 101,326
Karadak, 326
Kastrat, 115, 327
Katerkolle, 226, 327
Keimend, 32, 48, 52, 75, 103, 104, 105, 111, 129, 131, J79,
190,312,327
Kergove, 200, 312, 327
Koman, 190, 327
Korge, 40, 262, 327
Kosove, 7, 33, 35, 37, 54, 57, 62, 66, 77, 111, 120, 143, 178,
179, 184, 220, 327
Kraje, 47, 48, 54, 308, 327
Krahina e Podgurit, 189, 196, 315, 327
Kroaci, 184, 327
Kroi i Xhazit, 205, 327
KrueiZi, 193, 327
Kug, 48, 76, 200, 327
Kukes, 101, 327
L
Laberi, 203, 208, 220, 262, 327
Lakoni, 199, 327
Letaj, 197, 327
Lezhe, 101, 327
Legjin, 197, 327
Liqenet e Lures, 208, 327
Liqeni i Mbasdejes, 208, 327
Liqeni i Germanit, 208, 327
Liqeni i Qaleshtanes, 211, 327
328
Dr. BASHKIM LA.FÇI
Liqeni i Rikavecit, 208, 327
Ljare, 185, 267, 310, 327
London, 11, 65, 98, 99, 250, 268, 328
Lumi i Mates, 229, 328
LL
Llap, 103, 328
Llap i Epërm, 34, 2Ó7, 328
t
M
Malësi e Gucisë, 103, 108, 109, 1 10, 151, 328
Malësi e Gjakovës, 40,.63, 64, 90, 261, 328
Malësi e Madhe, 267, 307, 328
Malësi e Tetovës, 34, 35, 40, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 64,
74,75, 106, 107, 108, 116, 118, 121, 124, 125,328
Mat, 320, 325, 328
Mesi, 199, 328
Mirditë, 173, 175, 179, 192, 269, 270, 328
Moravë, 35, 328
Moskë, 250, 314, 328
Mrizet e Letit, 197, 328
Myzeqe, 26, 27, 31, 35, 39, 45, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62,
65,67,71,73,75,76, 103, 108, 109, 111, 118, 121, 123, 125,
126, 127, 128, 145,146, 151, 154, 177, 184, 185, 203, 226,
228, 266, 273, 320, 330
N
Nakëll, 193, 328
Nikaj-Mertur, 150, 151, 185, 186, 328
TABU NE ETNOKULTUREN SHQIPTARE
329
O
Opojç, 142, 171, 172, 193, 194, 200, 328
Orllat, 60, 328
Orosh, 193, 328
Oqeani, 112, 328
P
Paris, 54, 79, 84, 208, 245, 309, 310, 315, 328
Pejë, 36, 70, 149, 177, 178, 186, 190, 193, 199, 207, 252, 328
Peru, 258, 328
Permet, 262, 328
Pëshkash, 229, 328
Plavë, 108, 109, 110, 151, 328
Podrime, 35, 328
Podgur, 35, 189, 196, 328
Prishtinë, 6, 34, 35, 41, 44, 51, 53, 54, 56, 62, 63, 70, 72, 75,
79, 105, 109, 110, 12, 116, 131, 144, 153, 172, 173, 186, 191,
196, 197, 198, 201, 207, 210, 211, 219, 231, 232, 233, 235,
271, 273, 274, 280, 281, 283, 321, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329,
331,332,335
Prizren, 59, 191, 329
Pukë, 190, 329
R
Ramicë, 101, 329
Ratishë, 103, 329
Rizë, 30, 329
Rugovë, 34, 41, 45, 52, 59, 61, 69, 70, 79, 149, 172, 177,
185, 186, 190, 199, 202, 251, 261, 267, 270, 329
330
Dr. BASHKIM LA.TÇI
S
Sanxhak, 228, 330
Sarandë, 101, 330
Selcë e Keqe, 330
Sibiri Verior, 330
Skrapar, 262, 330
Strugë, 53, 54, 61, 74, 185, 330
Suharekë, 34, 207, 208, 270, 330
SH
Sharr, 34, 330
Shelcan, 101, 330
Shestan, 185, 319, 330
Shkodër, 175, 190, 270, 278, 307, 308, 330
Shkrel, 205, 278, 330
Shkup, 35, 200, 223, 312, 330
Shqipëri, 78, 143, 173, 179, 185, 263, 276, 330
Shqipëri Jugore, 262, 330
Shqipëri Juglindore, 262, 330
Shqipëri e Veriut, 26, 150, 330
T
Tepelenë, 3 l, 72, 330
Tetovë, 34, 35, 40, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 64, 223, 330
Tërpezë, 61, 207, 330
Tiranë, 40, 63, 90, 330
Tomorr, 192, 283, 330
Tomorricë, 3!, 143, 330
TABU NË ETNOKULTURËN SHQIPTARE
331
TH
Therandë, 34, 270, 331
Thkellë, 229, 331
V
Vermosh, 276, 331
Veshallë, 34, 331
Vjosë, 262, 331
Vlorë, 101, 143, 283, 331
Vuno, 203, 331
Z
Zadrimë, 40, 57, 73, 74, 313, 331
Zagreb, 11, 16, 93,95, 96, 118, 119, 137, 245, 331
Zajaz, 185, 312, 331
Zogaj, 171, 331
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TABOO IN THE ALBANIAN ETHNOCULTURE
Summary
In the traditional Albanian culture exists a number of
prohibitions and restrictions, which can be identified as taboo
or as traces of taboo. The subject presented here, very clearly
denotes that negative rules used to involve (in some places
they do today as well) the overall process of the life of social
communities or individuals of our population. Since each
field of life has a specific content and creates specific needs,
the rules of taboo in some moments gain specific features, by
getting separated as a distinct group, or as a distinct complex.
Our researches have been oriented on those fields of life of a
community or individuals on which these rules appear in the
most obvious manner. Based on this, we have treated the
complexes of taboo dealing with:
1) — critical moments in humans life, their life and death,
2) — humans or the society s relation with the nature,
3) — the agricultural and production process, and
4) — certain forms of human relations.
By analyzing the results obtained from the analysis of
these complexes, we shall endeavour to formulate general
298
l)r. BASHKIM LA.tCI
position on the character and the role of taboo in the Albanian
traditional culture.
Our initial theoretical considerations have concluded
that taboo represents a religious social phenomenon, and every
research of this phenomenon should take account of its both
fundamental aspects. We have followed this rule when defi-
ning the general characteristics of taboo in our population.
We shall endeavour to coordinate the results of our research
in two spheres — religious and social sphere. The real issue
only a small number of beliefs and cults has survival in tra-
ditional Albanian culture, for reasons of extinction and acqui-
sition of their part by the church and the mosque. Based on
this, we can not say much about the process of theism ani-
mistik taboos.
I. TABOO AS A RELIGIOUS PHENOMENON
As we have noted above, each religion may be defined
as a belief in the supernatural. The research conducted so far
has proved that the notion “supernatural” in the religious
outlook of our population, most frequently, is revealed in the
form of spirits that include all creatures, objects and pheno-
mena, respectively those that direct their activity, either real
or unreal. Hence, it is about revelations with animistic chara-
cter. Therefore, we can plausibly say that the entire religion
of the Albanian population was developed from an archaic
religious system, conceptualized in an animistic manner -
although transformed and fragmented largely - even today
constitutes its essence. However, not onlv the believing in
supernatural constitutes the religion, but also acting on it, i.e.
TABU NF ETNOKULTIJRFN SHQIPTARF
299
not only theoretical aspect but the practical aspect as well.
The religion of our people is characterised by a fairly well
developed religious practice. Numerous negative forms (res-
trictions, limitations) represent a particular form of this prac-
tice, which in earlier works we have included into the notion
of taboo. The analysis of the material we has shown that the
rules mentioned have mainly animistic base, most often rep-
resent the endeavours of a social community (or of an indi-
vidual within it) for establishment of connections or relations
with supernatural creatures of an animistic type. This implies
a conclusion that this entire system of taboo is created within
the human society as an integral part of the animistic nucleus
of our traditional religion, being preserved in recent materials
of the traditional Albanian culture. If we endorse this hypo-
thesis, then our analysis too should be oriented towards two
main problems. Here we shall try to confirm:
1) — the main characteristics of the “primal” animistic
taboo system, as well as
2) — the way it was built, from the animistic base, the
grouping of syncretic prohibitions and restrictions and limi-
tations in “modern circles of our traditional culture.
1). Our analysis of the taboo animistic system extended
to both, functional and formal side. We have confirmed, first
of all, that negative rules within this system do not have a
common function. They may be divided into two main gro-
ups. The first group includes those rules which forbid the
contact of human with supernatural creatures, whilst the
second group includes all those rules which forbid the ter-
mination of this contact. It is not difficult to note that the
functional differences between these two groups of taboo
300
Dr. BASHKIM LA.ICt
come from two opposite positions vis-a-vis spiritual powers:
in the first case the prohibitions relate to the belief about
detrimental impact of supernatural creatures and the disco-
very of an antagonist and hostile attitude of humans against
them; while in the second case they are based on the bene-
ficial effects of these creatures, hence creating an opposite
attitude. However, as whole, these taboos reveal general am-
bivalent relation of humans versus supernatural creatures or
relations which are dominated by opposite, antagonist and
coexistent tendencies.
We said earlier that taboos are a type of regulator of an
imaginary linkage between people and supernatural forces.
But this linkage may be “established” only indirectly -
through certain media, which is expressed through the pre-
sence or action of spirits, demons and similar creatures. So,
not only creatures but also the medium, its form of mani-
festation, represents the formal object of taboo. Within our
animistic system, the formal object of taboo is mainly of a
formal character. This may be any creature or object, or some
parts of them. The linkage between the object considered as
taboo and its immaterial entity in the beliefs of our population
has gained various forms: supernatural forces could appear in
the tabooing object as its life principle (spirit), as “free”
independent from the object, that gather around it or stay
within it temporarily. However, the activity of supernatural
creatures is not always linked with material structure. Some-
times it is established merely within certain time- and spatial
coordinates. Hence, such “immaterial” media as well as such
time and space may be, in certain situations, characterized as
the “objects” of taboo. In the animistic system of taboo,
which we are talking about, there are many rules which
TABU NK ETNOKULTURHN SHQIPTARF.
301
restrict the behaviour of humans during the time when evil
creatures are active (e.g. after the sunset, forty days after
death or after birth etc.), or within certain places where their
activity is predicted (e.g. on the entire area outside house, or
outside household surrounding).
As a conclusion, we can say that the linkage of
population with supernatural creatures, in the formal way is
revealed with tabooing of “objects”. Tabooing of an object
means to restrict ones activity related to it, by avoiding only
those forms of activities that explicitly or implicitly, imply
undesirable reaction of present powers. Based on this, every
restriction comes as the consequence of the activity of super-
natural creatures. As the result, in the animistic system of the
taboo in our population we can distinguish two main types of
prohibited activities:
(a) — those that cause “conscious” reaction, and
(b) — those that cause “mechanical” reaction of spiritual
forces.
a) . — Revelation of the supernatural in our population is
manifested, most frequently, in the animistic form — resulting
from the beliefs in certain creatures, which are conceived as
“conscious” and in a way similar to humans. That is why their
reactions are deemed as the same with those of humans: they
may revenge or break the friendship. The population believes
that they must not be provoked and accordingly any action
that might cause that should be avoided.
b) . — According to the traditional belief, acting of super-
natural creatures can be also completely mechanical, automa-
302
Dr. BASHKIM LAi^I
tic, most often, according to the principle of touch and like-
ness. Accordingly, any action that could provoke such reac-
tion is avoided. Restrictions of contacts with tabooing objects
(touching, looking, hearing, and being close to) as well as
avoiding those actions that are associated with the undesi-
rable course of action, according to this belief have grounds.
In the material presented so far we have divided general
characteristics of the animistic type of taboo in our populati-
on, both, in functional and in formal sense (tabooing of “ob-
jects” and activities).
2). “Primary” animistic system of the taboo has survi-
ved until today. However, with the development of the religi-
ous thought it has undergone significant changes. Tn our opi-
nion, these changes consist of three processes, which we will
conditionally call: theism, Christianism and atheism.
The process of theism of the taboo s animistic system
in our population is linked with the early period of the
emergence of gods. The research conducted so far, has provi-
ded important data on the existence of gods and their cults in
the paganism of our population, but this phase of the develo-
pment of our religion is less known. Indeed, only a small
number of beliefs and cults has survived in traditional Alba-
nian culture, for the reasons of extinction and acquisition of
their parts by the church and the mosque. Bearing this in
mind, we cannot say much about the process of theism of ani-
mistic taboos.
TABU NK HTNOKULTIJKHN SHQIFTARB
303
II - TABOO AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON
Taboo s religious role can be characterized as a mani-
festation form of an open or hidden societal role. With the
discovery of the societal role of some kind of taboo, we, in
fact, discover the basic reasons for its creation. A general vi-
ew at the rules of taboo in traditional Albanian culture reveals
that’s its genesis or origin should be sought in early archaic
period. In favour of this speaks the similarity in form of
important kinds of of these rules, with wide spread forms of
taboo of primitive people in different parts of the globe.
If we agree with the opinion that primitive societies
(only in the broadest sense) can be viewed as school of the
past in our development, then we can rightly envision that all
of important taboos in traditional Albanian culture were crea-
ted in the early time periods.
By using the statements of the theories approved earlier
on this concrete material related to ethnic Albanian area
space, we came to a conclusion that the “early” system of the
taboo has derived from two categories of human needs:
a) The need to overcome specific problems within a
social experience (especially in those situations where succe-
ssful conclusion can not be reached by in a rational way), and
b) The deep, hidden need to preserve the integrity of the
existing social structure.
4*—-
The system of early tribal - gender taboo is partially
preserved until today, i.e. in the changed social conditions. Its
existence, of course, ought to be linked to the social environ-
304
Dr. BASHKIM LAJCI
•»
ment to which is linked the traditional culture of our people,
and which is usually known as a patriarchal or rural
Albanian society.
Based on the presence of taboo system in all areas and
in all forms of popular life, we can assume that these rules, in
our “patriarchal society, did not represent a sort of ana-
chronism, but merely maintained their social functions, to
some extent in an altered form, and of a weak intensity.
Under new societal conditions, with the interference of
economic development in the countryside, with the infiltra-
tion of the “civilized culture, with the destruction of “patri-
archal social frameworks — most of these prohibitions beca-
me dysfunctional, while the existing system of taboos is
undergoing a rapid deconstruction and is disappearing.
|
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author | Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1072323117 |
author_facet | Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- |
author_variant | b l bl |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV043829642 |
contents | Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)964683967 (DE-599)BVBBV043829642 |
format | Book |
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geographic | Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd |
geographic_facet | Kosovo |
id | DE-604.BV043829642 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:36:12Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789951596978 9951596975 |
language | Albanian |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029240457 |
oclc_num | 964683967 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-12 |
physical | 334 Seiten Illustrationen 20 cm |
publishDate | 2014 |
publishDateSearch | 2014 |
publishDateSort | 2014 |
publisher | Instituti Albanologjik |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)1072323117 aut Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Prishtinë Instituti Albanologjik 2014 334 Seiten Illustrationen 20 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd rswk-swf Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 gnd rswk-swf Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 s Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 s Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Lajçi, Bashkim 1955- Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-315) and index Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 gnd Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4063849-2 (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4063834-0 (DE-588)4058861-0 (DE-588)4032571-4 |
title | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |
title_alt | Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |
title_auth | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |
title_exact_search | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |
title_full | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi |
title_fullStr | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi |
title_full_unstemmed | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture Dr. Bashkim Lajçi |
title_short | Tabu në etnokulturën shqiptare |
title_sort | tabu ne etnokulturen shqiptare taboo in albanian etnoculture |
title_sub | = Taboo in Albanian etnoculture |
topic | Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Volksglaube (DE-588)4063834-0 gnd Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Taboo / Balkan Peninsula Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Social life and customs Albanians / Balkan Peninsula / Folklore Alltag, Brauchtum Volkskultur Albaner Volksglaube Tabu Kosovo |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029240457&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lajcibashkim tabuneetnokulturenshqiptaretabooinalbanianetnoculture AT lajcibashkim tabooinalbanianetnoculture |