Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders:
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| Other Authors: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Elsevier
[2016]
|
| Series: | Hematology/oncology clinics of North America
volume 30, number 4 (August 2016) |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xiv Seiten, Seite 723-986 Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780323459693 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders |c editor Sangam Kanekar |
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| adam_text | Titel: Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders
Autor: Kanekar, Sangam G
Jahr: 2016
Imaging of Neurologic Complications in Hematological Disorders
Contents
Preface: Imaging of Neurologic Complications in Hematologic Disorders xiii
Sangam Kanekar
Neurologic Manifestations of Blood Dyscrasias 723
Daniel R. Couriel, Holly Ricker, Mary Steinbach, and Catherine J. Lee
Neurologic manifestations are common in blood diseases, and they can be
caused by the hematologic disorder or its treatment. This article discusses
hematologic diseases in adult patients, and categorizes them into benign
and malignant conditions. The more common benign hematologic dis-
eases associated with neurologic manifestations include anemias, partic-
ularly caused by B12 deficiency and sickle cell disease, and a variety of
disorders of hemostasis causing bleeding or thrombosis, including throm-
botic microangiopathy. Malignant conditions like multiple myeloma, leuke-
mias, and lymphomas can have neurologic complications resulting from
direct involvement, or caused by the different therapies to treat these
cancers.
Imaging Manifestations of Neurologic Complications in Anemia 733
Ritesh Patel, Shyam Sabat, and Sangam Kanekar
The hallmark signs and symptoms of anemia are directly related to a
decrease in oxygen delivery to vital tissues and organs and include pallor,
fatigue, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. Neurologic complica-
tions are often nonspecific and can include poor concentration, irritability,
faintness, tinnitus, and headache. If undiagnosed or untreated, anemia can
progress to cognitive dysfunction, psychosis, encephalopathy, myelop-
athy, peripheral neuropathy, and more focal syndromes, such as stroke,
seizures, chorea, and transverse myelitis. Imaging can play an important
role in the early diagnosis and treatment of these neurologic and systemic
complications associated with anemia, and hence, better outcome.
Central Nervous System Complications of Hemorrhagic and Coagulation Disorders 757
Irina Filatova, Lindsay L. Stratchko, and Sangam Kanekar
Hematologic disorders affect the central nervous system in a variety of
ways, producing a wide range of neurologic disturbances. Early identifica-
tion of these complications allows for early intervention and better
outcome. Cross-sectional imaging plays an important role in identifying
brain abnormalities and helps the clinician in deciding appropriate course
of action and treatment. This article discusses in short the basics of hemo-
stasis including the coagulation cascade and the application of basic lab-
oratory tests in evaluation of hematologic function. Imaging features of
various neurologic disorders associated with these clotting and bleeding
diatheses are discussed in detail with illustrations.
viii Contents
Neurologie and Head and Neck Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease 779
Andrew Steven, Prashant Raghavan, Tanya J. Rath, and Dheeraj Gandhi
Sickte cell disease is a common, inherited disorder characterized by
chronic hemolytic anemia with repetitive episodes of vasoocclusion result-
ing from deformed red blood cells. This article reviews the most significant
neurologic and head and neck manifestations of this disease.
Neuroimaging in Central Nervous System Lymphoma 799
Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh, Arastoo Vossough, Mehrdad Hajmomenian,
Reza Assadsangabi, and Suyash Mohan
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare aggressive
high-grade type of extranodal lymphoma. PCNSL can have a variable im-
aging appearance and can mimic other brain disorders such as encepha-
litis, demyelination, and stroke. In addition to PCNSL, the CNS can be
secondarily involved by systemic lymphoma. Computed tomography
and conventional MRI are the initial imaging modalities to evaluate these
lesions. Recently, however, advanced MRI techniques are more often
used in an effort to narrow the differential diagnosis and potentially inform
diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
Neuroimaging in Leukemia 823
Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh, Joel Stein, and Suyash Mohan
Leukemias are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies that
result from uncontrolled neoplastic proliferation of undifferentiated or
partially differentiated hematopoietic cells. Patients with acute leukemia
can have a variety of craniocerebral complications, which can result
from direct leukemic involvement, secondary to cerebrovascular or infec-
tious complications of leukemia, or can be treatment related. Imaging
plays a central role in evaluating the central nervous system during treat-
ment in patients with leukemia. CT scan is usually considered an effective
initial imaging modality to evaluate for cerebrovascular complications. MRI
is considered the imaging modality of choice due to its versatility.
Imaging of Multiple Myeloma 843
Barry Amos, Amit Agarwal, and Sangam Kanekar
Multiple myeloma is the most common bone malignancy. Multiple
myeloma and related plasma cell proliferative disorders have a diverse
set of clinicopathologic findings and yet, at times, it may be challenging
for clinicians to clinch the diagnosis. Imaging plays an important role in
identifying the extent of the disease, guiding biopsies, and diagnosing
associated spinal and intracranial complications. The purpose of this re-
view article is to describe the imaging findings associated with common
neurologic complications seen with multiple myeloma and related plasma
cell proliferative disorders (PCPDs).
Venous Thrombosis: Causes and Imaging Appearance 867
Andrew Steven, Prashant Raghavan, Wilson Altmeyer, and Dheeraj Gandhi
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is an elusive diagnosis with profound
potential neurologic consequences. Although there are numerous
Contents ix
reported predisposing conditions, by far the most common is a prothrom-
botic hypercoagulable state. Recent advances in MRI and computed
tomography have improved diagnostic accuracy for this increasingly
recognized disorder. Familiarity with imaging techniques and potential
pitfalls is essential for accurate diagnosis and management of these
patients.
Central Nervous System Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant 887
Faiz I. Syed, Daniel R. Couriel, David Frame, and Ashok Srinivasan
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is now commonly used to
treat several hematologic and nonhematologic diseases. Central nervous
system (CNS) complications post-transplantation occur commonly in the
first year and result in increased mortality from infectious, toxic, metabolic,
or vascular causes. Infections secondary to aspergillus, toxoplasma and
viruses cause many of the complications. Drug-related toxicities arising
from conditioning regimens and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis,
as well as intraparenchymal hemorrhage, are not uncommon and can
result in increased morbidity. Secondary CNS cancers have a higher inci-
dence 5 or more years after allogeneic SCT.
Central Nervous System Complications of Oncologic Therapy 899
Ellen G. Hoeffner
Traditional and newer agents used to treat cancer can cause significant
toxicity to the central nervous system. MRI of the brain and spine is the im-
aging modality of choice for patients with cancer who develop neurologic
symptoms. It is important to be aware of the agents that can cause neuro-
toxicity and their associated imaging findings so that patients are properly
diagnosed and treated. In some instances, conventional MRI may not be
able to differentiate posttreatment effects from disease progression. In
these instances advanced imaging techniques may be helpful, although
further research is still needed.
Imaging of Spinal Manifestations of Hematological Disorders 921
Puneet S. Pawha and Falgun H. Chokshi
Imaging manifestations of hematological diseases and their potential com-
plications are broad, and there may be significant overlap in features of
various disease processes. Knowledge of appropriate choice of imaging
test, pertinent imaging patterns, and pathophysiology of disease can
help the reader increase specificity in the diagnosis and treatment of the
patient. Most importantly, we encourage readers of this review to engage
their radiologists during the diagnostic, treatment, and management
phases of care delivery.
Imaging of Bone Marrow 945
Sopo Lin, Tao Ouyang, and Sangam Kanekar
Bone marrow is essential for function of hematopoiesis, which is vital for
the normal functioning of the body. Bone marrow disorders or dysfunc-
tions may be evaluated by blood workup, peripheral smears, marrow
x Contents
biopsy, plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), MRI and nuclear
medicine scan. It is important to distinguish normal spinal marrow from pa-
thology to avoid missing a pathology or misinterpreting normal changes,
either of which may result in further testing and increased health care
costs. This article focuses on the diffuse bone marrow pathologies,
because the majority of the bone marrow pathologies related to hemato-
logic disorders are diffuse.
Index
973
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| spelling | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders editor Sangam Kanekar Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Elsevier [2016] xiv Seiten, Seite 723-986 Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hematology/oncology clinics of North America volume 30, number 4 (August 2016) Clinics review articles Kanekar, Sangam G. (DE-588)1029700761 edt Hematology/oncology clinics of North America volume 30, number 4 (August 2016) (DE-604)BV000625446 30,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029200241&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders Hematology/oncology clinics of North America |
| title | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders |
| title_auth | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders |
| title_exact_search | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders |
| title_full | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders editor Sangam Kanekar |
| title_fullStr | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders editor Sangam Kanekar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders editor Sangam Kanekar |
| title_short | Imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders |
| title_sort | imaging of neurologic complications in hematological disorders |
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