Contemporary history of exclusion: the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015
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Budapest
Central University Press
2016
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| Physical Description: | 242 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9789633861226 |
| DOI: | 10.1515/9789633861462 |
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments . vii
Introduction . 1
Contexts of Gypsy/Roma identity and history . 1
On the sources of Gypsy/Roma history . 5
Who (what) is (was) Hungarian or Gypsy/Roma? . 10
“Comrades, If You Have a Heart.” The History of the Gypsy Issue,
1945-1961 31
The construction and spread of the state socialist system . 31
Policy and Gypsies . 32
Modernization and Gypsy communities . 37
Disciplinary state . 45
The impossibility of self-organization . 50
Minority issue . 52
Discourses on social policy and equality . 53
“Life Goes On.” The Hungarian Party-State and Assimilation . 63
Social policy and the Gypsies . 66
Wage work . 67
Housing . 70
Social system . 73
Education . 78
Scientific approaches . 80
Gypsy images . 84
The transformation of discourse . 8 7
Disciplinary power, disciplinary society . 92
Police and agents . 92
“Health supervisors” . 95
The national minority issue . 96
National movement . 99
The “ethnic interpretation” of history . 106
Roma Policy after the Regime Change . 119
Minority issue . 125
Prospects for multiculturalism . 128
Minority (self-)government? . 131
Divide at impera — The opportunities and impossibilities of
self-organization . 136
Civic movement . 140
National minority culture — national culture . 143
Questions of equal treatment and equal opportunity . 148
Anti-discrimination . 148
Equal opportunity . 152
Roma programs . 153
Education . 153
Employment . 156
Social policy and the Roma . 158
Aid . 159
Segregation . 162
Disciplinary society . 166
The transformation of discourses . 169
Research methods . 170
Panopticon: Roma Policy, 2010-2015 . 187
The Hungarian National Cooperation System . 188
The anti-egalitarian character of the system . 189
Changing minority legislation . 191
New social policy? . 195
Violence . 197
The shift . 199
Summary: Decades of Exclusion . 205
Bibliography . 211
List of Photographs . 233
Index . 239
Summary: Decades of Exclusion
This book illustrated the history of the Gypsy issue in the context of Hungarian
national history based on state policy documents. The many kinds of public dis-
courses about Roma and their various interpretations shaped the relationship
between the “majority” and minority and helped in understanding the social
context of the emergence of the “Gypsy issue” along with the local and national
power relations that defined it. A critical analysis of official positions on Roma can
create tension in the dominant discourse, which is one of the goals of the book.
Contrary to the definitive and dominant narrative on knowledge of the
Gypsy/Roma minority in Hungary, this book—as we emphasized in the preface—
presents a “counter-history” One of the goals of the book is to shake the domi-
nant discourse from its position and to critically examine earlier knowledge. In this
light, we shared texts that demonstrate how the state pushed Roma communities
in Hungary to the periphery, later blaming Roma for social problems and then pre-
senting them as an antagonistic minority. We felt it was important to present the
Roma not just as victims throughout history, but also—as far as the sources would
allow—as active participants, for example as defenders of freedom against the
dictatorial state. The argument advanced in the book is that othering of the Roma
influences “majority” identity. Facing the history of Roma exclusion, considering
non-dominant points of view and presenting hidden dimensions of Roma history
can assist the reconstruction of “national” identity that to this point has been
defined by patterns of exclusion. Based on this, the book offers not only a counter
history of the official discourses, but also a comprehensive and critical assessment
of Roma-related policies, with a blend of top-down and bottom-up perspectives.
205
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Index
A
anthropological 2, 10, 13, 21, 87, 95
anti-egalitarian 8, 11, 31, 189, 199
assimilation 11, 17, 19, 34, 39, 46, 55,
62-66, 68, 70-71, 96, 97, 99, 106, 119-
120, 123, 125-126, 129, 145, 162
association 18, 36, 51, 96, 98-99, 133, 137,
153-156, 167-168
B
Barany, Zoltán 4, 23, 24, 25
Bari, Kâroly 20, 99-100, 103, 181
Bârsony, János 56-57, 100
Barth, Fredrik 2
Bentham, Jeremy 187
Bergstein, Béla 45
Bibô, Istvân 11, 209
Boyash 18-20, 68, 99, 126, 143, 145,
153-154
C
catchup 145
Choli Daroczi, Jozsef 102-103, 181
citizenship 127, 129, 159, 189
Colari Gypsy 67-68, 102
colonial 199-200,209
colonization 179, 200, 209
communist party 31
constitution 31, 126, 129, 133, 138, 144,
188-189, 191-192, 196-197
constructivist approach 13
counter history, counter histories 4, 25,
205
cultural 1, 2, 4, 19-21, 50, 64-65, 96,
98-100, 123, 129, 133, 136, 143, 170-
171, 181, 200
Csalog, Zsolt 11, 12, 15, 80, 87-88, 94
Csepeli, Gyorgy 11
D
Daroczi, Agnes 56, 100, 102-103, 150
democracy 133, 188-189, 200, 207
democratic 119-120, 123, 125, 128, 133,
138-139,167, 191, 199-200, 208
Dupcsik, Csaba 5, 170-171
E
East-Central Europe 9-10, 31, 38, 108
education 17, 61, 78, 91-92, 97, 106, 111,
115, 124, 129, 131, 133, 141, 145,150,
152-155, 158, 162-163, 175, 177, 187,
195-197, 198
239
egalitarian 8,10-11, 18,31,189, 191, 199
employment 17, 34, 42, 60, 72, 78-89,
91,106, 108, 114,123-124,152-153,
156-158, 197, 175,196-197
epistemological approach 12
equality 4, 6, 31, 53-55, 91, 126, 141,149,
152,155,189,191-192,197, 200, 209
equal treatment 148-152
Erdds, Kamill 20, 32, 35
ethnic 2, 4-5, 9, 12, 17, 19-20, 23, 34, 53,
55, 57, 60,73,92, 94-95, 98-99, 106,
108-110, 120, 122, 125-126, 128-131,
141, 150,152,160-161,163,166-167,
170-172,174,188,189, 191-192,
199-200, 206, 208
ethnic groups 2, 99, 166
exclusion 3, 11, 34, 70, 73, 88, 91-92,106,
108-110,157,159-161,191-192, 196,
199-209
F
Faludy, Gyorgy 32, 143
Farkas, Florian 137-139
Feischmidt, Margit 11,18
Foucault, Michel 1,4, 6,22, 25, 26,187
Fundamental Law 188-191, 195,200
G
Gadzology 5
group 1, 2, 6, 8-9,11,13,15-23,32-34,
36, 38-39,43, 50, 64, 68, 74,78, 80-
82,92-94, 96, 98-100,102, 106,110,
123,126-127,129,137-138, 150,
152-153,159, 161,166, 169-172,
174, 200, 208
grouping 9, 20,137
Gypsy 1-48, 50-68,70-74, 77-85,
87-103, 106, 108-117,120, 123-125,
133,136-140, 143-146, 150-151,
155-156,161, 163,166-172,188,193,
197-199, 205-206,208
Gypsy communities 2, 7, 16, 20, 31-32,
36-37,39-41, 43, 46, 51-52, 64, 68,
80-81,109
Gypsy crime 34, 93-94,166-168,197
240
Gypsy issue 11-12, 34, 36,46, 48,53, 61,
63,73, 85, 89, 91, 94-95, 97,98,106,
110, 123,175, 205
H
Habermas, Jürgen 103
Hancock, Ian F. 2, 3, 23, 174
Havas, Gábor 17, 81, 137, 177
history 1-13, 21-25, 32, 37, 50,52, 62-63,
87, 93, 99-100,102, 106,110,143,167,
172,187, 189,191,199-206,209
history of everyday life 4
Holocaust 3, 32-33, 56, 100,181
Horváth, Aladár 103, 137, 140-142
housing 17, 65,70-72, 75, 89,103,124,
142, 188
human rights 4-5, 129, 142, 199, 200, 209
Hungarian Guard 167-168,198,203
Hungarian Gypsies 20, 33, 36,50, 53, 63,
87, 96,99-100, 113, 116,137,156, 193
Hungarian history 5-6, 10, 110,172,191,
199, 205
I
identity 1-3, 5, 8-14,17-21, 32, 35, 67,70,
97,100,110,119-120,126,128, 133-
134,153, 166,172, 174,205, 207,209
illiberal 188, 199, 209
immigration 16
individuals 1, 6, 8, 22, 37,40,42, 55, 64,
68, 81, 84, 87-88, 93, 94,120,126,129,
152-154, 161, 170, 188
integration 11,13, 18, 25, 38-39, 80-81,
83, 96, 99, 120, 123-125,130, 156,163,
171, 174, 191, 199-200
/
Janky, Béla 126
K
Kádár era 55, 68,73,89,93,96,106,123,169
Kádár, János 51,52, 63-64, 66,110
N
Kállai, Ernó 21, 194
Kálmán, András 33
Kemény, István 14-15,17, 28, 80-83, 85,
100, 108, 126, 143
Kis, János 129,143, 189
Kovács, Kriszta 191
L
Ladányi, János 161
Lakatos, Menyhért 100,102-103
László, Mária 35-36, 51-53, 60
liberal 119-120,124, 128-129, 188-189,
196,199,208
Liégeois, Jean-Pierre 2
M
majoritarian democracy 199
majority 2, 5-23, 31-32, 38, 40, 42,46, 48,
50-51, 68, 73, 80, 83, 87, 91-92, 94-97,
99, 108-110, 123,126, 128-131,
133-134, 139, 142-143,148-149, 152,
156-157,159-163, 166,169,171-174,
181,187-188,193, 196-199, 205-209
marginalization 8, 11
memories, memory 2-4, 6,110
Minister s Council 46
ministry, ministries 34-36, 53,123, 156,174
Ministry of Labor 34,42,53
Ministry of the Interior 13, 36, 46, 48,
93-95
Minority Act 120, 122, 125-126, 128-129,
134,144,192
minority culture 52,120, 143
minority, minorities 1, 3-6, 8-9, 11-14,
16-24, 31-36, 38,40, 52, 55, 63-64,
83, 92-93, 96-100,103, 106, 108, 110,
119-120, 122-123,125-131, 133-134,
136-138, 140-145,150,152-153, 155,
161,163, 166-172,187,189, 191-195,
196, 199, 200, 205-209
modernity 22, 39,43, 65, 85,128, 163, 165,
170
multiculturalism 128-130,136, 171
Musician Gypsies 20, 60
Muzsikus Gypsies 20
national and ethnic minorities 120, 125,
128-129,131, 141, 150, 192
national culture 99, 100, 103,143
nationalism 8, 10, 12, 31, 37, 50,100, 106,
128
nationalities 192, 194
nationality 193-194
national minority 33-36, 52, 63-64,
92-93, 96-98, 103, 125,128,137-138,
145, ISO, 155,187,192
national movement 99-100, 102-103
nation (ethnic, political) 2-4, 8,10, 13-14,
36-37, 45, 50-51, 103, 110,129, 143,
165,171-172, 187, 189, 191-192,197,
200, 205-209
Nemenyi, Maria 17, 59
Nora, Pierre 110
o
ombudsperson 120, 141, 150, 192
Orban, Viktor 139, 156, 174,189, 202
Orkeny, Antal 11
P
past 1-2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 21, 32, 45,110, 125,
159,161,166, 189, 191, 208-209
Pirezians 169
Politburo 34, 46, 63, 70, 81, 106, 110-115
Political Committee 14
political nation 10, 189
Pomogyi, Laszlo 5
post-colonial 209, 203
poverty 11,17, 73, 77, 81-83, 85, 91-92,
106, 120, 123, 129, 159-161, 163, 172,
195, 196-197, 207-208
program 82, 103, 124, 153-155, 157, 161,
168, 188, 195, 196-197
R
Raz, Joseph 129
regime change 8, 14, 32, 67,75, 80, 83, 96,
99, 106, 119-120, 122-125,129, 136-
241
141,143,145, 153,156, 159, 162-163,
166,169-170,195,199,200, 208
researcher activism 4
Roma history 2-5, 9, 13, 23, 56,174,205,
209
S
SchifFer, Pal 15,85,87
self-government 35, 126, 130-131, 133-
134,136-138, 140-141,192,193
self-organization 50, 103, 106, 136, 141,
208, 209
series of murders of Roma 167
shift 106,165, 187,199
Socialist Workers Party 14
social policy 63, 65, 70, 75, 78, 81, 89, 98,
106,125,158, 161,195, 196,207
society 2, 5, 7-14, 16, 17,18, 20-23,
31-34, 36-38,40, 43,45-46, 50-52, 65,
68,73, 80-81, 83-85, 87-89, 92, 96-97,
106, 110,120,123, 129, 152, 160-161,
163,165-166, 169,172, 188-189,
196-198, 200, 206-209
Stewart, Michael 18, 23,65, 68
Szalai, Julia 119, 159
Szelényi, Ivan 118,161
Szuhay, Péter 99, 109
T
Taylor, Charles 119
y
Virâg, Tünde 20
visible minority 12
Vlach 18-20, 68, 103, 126, 143
Voivods / Gypsy judges 44, 46, 48, 68,192
w
wage work 65
z
ZsigoJeno 99, 101-103, 137, 141-142,
154,159, 180
242 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Majtényi, Balázs 1971- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1176538217 |
| author_facet | Majtényi, Balázs 1971- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Majtényi, Balázs 1971- |
| author_variant | b m bm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043729780 |
| collection | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-GOA |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)957706363 (DE-599)BVBBV043729780 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1515/9789633861462 |
| era | Geschichte 1945-2010 gnd Geschichte 1945-2015 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-2010 Geschichte 1945-2015 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ungarn (DE-588)4078541-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ungarn |
| id | DE-604.BV043729780 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-20T07:08:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789633861226 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029141667 |
| oclc_num | 957706363 |
| open_access_boolean | 1 |
| owner | DE-B1533 DE-M100 DE-12 DE-634 DE-210 DE-1052 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1028 DE-Aug4 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-1051 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-523 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-150 DE-154 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 DE-706 DE-824 DE-29 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-B1533 DE-M100 DE-12 DE-634 DE-210 DE-1052 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1028 DE-Aug4 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-1051 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-523 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-150 DE-154 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 DE-706 DE-824 DE-29 DE-739 |
| physical | 242 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-GOA |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Central University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Majtényi, Balázs 1971- Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Diskriminierung (DE-588)4012472-1 gnd Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd Zigeuner (DE-588)4067777-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4012472-1 (DE-588)4050473-6 (DE-588)4067777-1 (DE-588)4078541-5 |
| title | Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 |
| title_auth | Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 |
| title_exact_search | Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 |
| title_full | Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 Majtényi Balázs |
| title_fullStr | Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 Majtényi Balázs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contemporary history of exclusion the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 Majtényi Balázs |
| title_short | Contemporary history of exclusion |
| title_sort | contemporary history of exclusion the roma issue in hungary from 1945 to 2015 |
| title_sub | the Roma issue in Hungary from 1945 to 2015 |
| topic | Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Diskriminierung (DE-588)4012472-1 gnd Roma Volk (DE-588)4050473-6 gnd Zigeuner (DE-588)4067777-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politik Diskriminierung Roma Volk Zigeuner Ungarn |
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