Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku:
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Oświęcim
Wydawnictwo Napoleon V
2014
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Register // Ortsregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 157 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788378893967 8378893960 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Spis treści WSTĘP........................................................................................ 7 Rozdział I Geneza Normanów w Italii (1000-1044).................... 19 Rozdział II Podboje Normanów na Półwyspie Apenińskim (1044-1061) 39 Rozdział III Kierunek Sycylia (1061-1081)............................................ 57 Rozdział IV Koniec pewnejepoki (1081-1099)...................................... 97 ZAKOŃCZENIE ..................................................................... 129 SUMMARY................................................................................ 135 ANEKS....................................................................................... 139 BIBLIOGRAFIA 141 INDEKS OSOBOWY 151 INDEKS GEOGRAFICZNY 155
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Bologna 1928. Ihn al Atir, Kâmil at tawârîkh, Biblioteca arabo-sicula - testi e traduzioni, ed. M. Amari, 1.1, Torino-Roma 1857. Ihn abi Dinar, Kitâb al Miinis, Biblioteca arabo-sicula, t. II, Torino-Roma 1887. Jan Skylitzes: loannis Scylitzae Synopsis Historiarum, ed. H. Thurn, Corpus fon tium históriáé byzantinae, Bonn-New York 1973.
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Indeks osobowy Abelard, buntownik 73,86,87,93,94,101 Abu Hafas, emir sycylijski 27, Adelajda, żona Rogera 1115,124,125,127 Agryros, syn Melusa, buntownik i bizan tyński katepan 32,33,34,36,39,41,43, 44,48,55 Ahmad Ibn Umar Ibn Abd Allah Ibn al-Aglab 116 al-Akhal, emir sycylijski 27 Aleksy I Komnen, cesarz bizantyński 16, 94,102,115 Ah Hasan 57 Amatus z Monte Cassino, kronikarz 13,14, 19,20,21,22,25,31,34,37,43,45,60, 62,63,75,78,82,95 Amicus, buntownik 87,93,94, Anna Komnena, kronikarka 16,41,42 Arabowie 12,27,28,59-68,87, Arduin, buntownik 28,29, ЗО, Arduin z Joviensem, biskup 122 Argyritzos, buntownik z Bari 87,94 Arkadiusz z Palermo 70 Asclettin21 Asclettin, pan Acerenzy 34 Asclettin II z Acerenzy 39 Atenulf, książę Beneventu 31,32, Aureolanus 46 Ayub i Ah, dowódcy arabskich najemników 76,77,109 Balalard, buntownik 84 Baldwin i Gradilon, buntownicy 87,93 Bazyli II, cesarz 7,8,20,21,23,26,27,35 Bazyh Boiannes, katepan 7, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31 Bazyh Mesardonites, 22 Bechus (Abu-Bekr), pan Castro-novum 90, 91 Belcamed(lbn-Hawwas), władca Palermo 58,60,69,76,77 Bernavert (Ibn-el-Werd), emir Syrakuz 88, 89,90,99,100,105,106,114,115 Betumen( Ibn-Timna), władca Katarui i Sy rakuz 58,62,63,65 Benthumen, muzułmanin z Katarui 99,100 Boemund, syn Guiscarda 16,52,97,98,99, 101,102,104,113,114,122,126 Bułgarzy 7 Chamut, władca Castro-Johannis i Agrigentu 110,111,112,126 Dato, krewny Melusa 22,24 de Brienne, konetabl 102 Dezyderiusz, opat Monte Cassino 13, 14, 85 Drago (Dragon), hrabia Apulii 28, 40, 41, 42,43,44,55,130 Drengot, ród 17,35,40 Elbus, zięć Guiscarda 98 Ehasz Cartomensis,
konwertyta 99, 100, 132 Emma, córka Rogera 1113,127 Eviscardus, Bretończyk91 Exaugust, katepan 31,32 Fatymidzi, dynastia 57 Filip, syna Grzegorza patrycjusza 10 Filip, król Francji 113
152 Indeks osobowy Fryderyk II Hohenstauf, cesarz niemiecki 133 Gerland; biskup Agrigento 112 Gerard (Girart), feudal 42,46 Gilbert Buatère 21,22,23,24,25 Gisulf, następca Waimara IV 52,53,85,86 Gosfiridus, zdrajca 73 Gotfryd, buntownik 87 Gotfryd, synowie Rogera 1115,127 Gotfryd Hauteville, brat Rogera I i Roberta Guiscarda 48,51,53 Gotfryd Hauteville, bratanek Rogera I i Ro berta Guiscarda 73,94 Gotfryd Malaterra, kronikarz 14,43, 51, 52, 59,60,64,67,70,71,72,73,75,81,83,84, 89,92,99,100,102,108,113,120,121 Gotfryd Ridelle, normański pirat i dowód ca floty 58,74 Grecy, lud 16,22,24,29,31,36,37,41,52, 68,73,83,96,121,130,133 Grzegorz VII, papież 85,98,103 Gwidon, brat Waimara IV 44,53 Halaf al-Hadim, zdobywca Malty 116 Harald Hardrada, król Norwegii 28, Hauteville, ród 13,14,15,16,17,35,40,44, 52,77,95,130,132 Henryku, cesarz niemiecki 24,25 Henryk III, cesarz niemiecki 41 Henryk iy cesarz niemiecki 101,102,103, 122 Hubert, feudal 46 Hugon z Clermount 113,114, Hugon de Giraca, zięć Rogera 188,89,90 Hugon Tubœuf z Monopoli, feudal 34 Hugona Falloc, feudal 86 Humfryd, buntownik 73 Humfryd, hrabia Apulii 28,40,41,42,44, 46,47,48,49,55,130 Jordan z Карт, syn Ryszarda 93,101,123 Jocelin, buntownik 73,75,76,77 Kalbici, dynastia 57 Katakalon Kekaumenos, bizantyński do wódca 32 Kolonian, król Węgier 122 Konrad II, cesarz niemiecki 25,27 Konrad, syn cesarza Henryka IV122,123 Konstantyn VIII, cesarz 27 Konstantyn IX Monomach, cesarz 33,34 Konstantyn Opos, katepan 27 Kontoleon Tomik, katepan 23 LandulfVIII z Карт 53 Leon IX, papież 43,45,47 Leon z Ostii, kronikarz 14,62 Leon
Pakianos 23 Lofuid(Rainulf) 21 Longobardowie 10, 13, 20, 35, 37, 45,47, 83,96,130 Malager, brat Rogera I i Roberta Guiscarda 51,52,73 Maksimik, córka Rogera 1122 Malffed, z Campomarino 46 Maniakes, bizantyński dowódca 28,29,32, 33,34,36,39,59 Mainerius z Acerenzy, buntownik 117 Meledius, poseł Rogera 170, Melos(Melus), buntownik 7,14,21,22,23, 24,25,35 Michał IV; cesarz 28,30 Michał V¡ cesarz 32,33 Michał VII, cesarz 97 Michał Dokianos, katepan 30,31 Michał Mauriks, katepan 74 Mihera, syn Hugona Falloc 113,114 Mikołaj II, papież 50 Ibn Mańkut, zarządca Mahdi 108 Ibrahim (Brachiem), zabójca Serio 81,83 Ingelmarus, buntownik 100 Nichel, muzułmanin 65 Nikefor Dokianos, katepan 31 Jordan, syn Rogera 188,89,90,91,99,100, 102,103, 105,106, 115,118,120, 125, 127 Orestes, eunuch 26,27, Osmund 21
Indeks osobowy Pandulf IV, książę Kapui 24,25,26,27,28, 40,41 Piotr Alifa, normański dowódca 102 Piotr i Walter, synowie Amicusa 46, Piotr z Trani, feudal 34,40,52,84,87,94 Radulf z Boiano 46 Radulfus Trincanocte, normański dowód ca 34 Raimfryd z Monorbinum, feudal 34 Rajmund hrabia Barcelony 98 Rajmmund z Prowansji 94,113 Rainald de Simula 86 Rainulf Drengot, władca Aversy 25,26,27, 28,29,30,33,34,35,39 Rainulf Tredinotte, władca Aversy 39, 40, 41 Rainier, markiz 25, Riso, zamachowiec 43 Roberta Arenga, buntownik 84 Robert de Octomarset, chorąży papieski 45 Robert de Sourdeville, normański dowód ca 99,100 Robert Guiscard, książę Apulii i Kalabrii 9, 11,13,14,16,41,42,46,48,49,50,51, 52, 53,54,55,56,60,61,62,63,64,66, 67,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79, 80, 81, 82, 83,84,85,86,87,93,94,95,96,97, 98,99,101,102,103,104,131 Robert Hauteville, bratanek Rogera I i Ro berta Guiscarda 94 Robert z Troiny, biskup 122,124 Rodolfz Santo Angelo, feudal 34, Roffred pan zamku Guardia 46 Roger z Prowansji, biskup Syrakuz 112 Roger opat z klasztoru Świętej Eufemii 112 Roger I, wielki hrabia 9,11,13,14,17,49, 50, 51,52,53,54,56, 58, 59,60,61,62, 63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 87,88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 108, 109,113, 114, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 131, 132,133,134 Roger II, syn Rogera 19,11,16,124 Roger Borsa, syn Guiscarda 13,93, 97,98, 101,104,113,114,121,123,124 153 Romuald z Salemo, biskup 15 Roussel de Bailłeul 69,70 Ryszard z Aversy, książę Kapui 13, 41, 46, 47,48,52,53,55,56,78,85 Saraceni,
19,62-64,69,70,79,100,105 Sarolo, pan Cesano 41 Sawada Ibn Muhammad, zdobywca Malty 116 Sergiusz IV z Neapolu 25,26 Serlo, bratanek Rogera 159, 68, 69,70, 81, 83,100 Sigelgajta, żona Guiscarda 52 Słowianie 49,91,95,133 Stefan, szwagier Michała ГѴ 28,29,30 Stefan Pateranos, dowodził obroną Bari 75, 76 Stefan z Rouen, biskup Mazary 112 Szwabi, wojownicy 45,46,47,48 Szymon, syn Rogera 1125 Tankred de Hauteville, głowa rodu 15, Temin, król Al-Mahdi 87, 88, 91, 92, 107, 108,109,110 Transmund i Atto, synowie rodziny Burrell 46 Transmund, władca Ankony 96 Tristan z Montepeloso, feudal 34 Turcy Seldżuccy, lud 43,74,97 Urban II, papież 113,115,122,124,126 Utman ibn Sa’id, przezywany Al Muhaddab 108 Waimar III, władca Salemo 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,25 Waimar IV, władca Salemo 27, 32, 39, 40, 41,43,44,52,55,130 Walter z Civitatem, feudal 34 Wilhelm z Apulii, kronikarz 13,22,24,25, 40,42,45,46,48,49,75,79,93 Wilhelm z Pryncypatu, brat Rogera I i Ro berta Guiscarda 51,52,53,56,73 Wilhelm ďlvon 93 Wilhelm de Grantemanil, zięć Guiscarda 121 Wilhelm Barbota, pan zamku Belvedere 41
154 Indeks osobowy Wilhelm Malo, dowódca garnizonu 63 Wilhelm Maskabela, longobardzki feudal 41,42 Wilhelm Repostei 21 Wilhelm Zdobywca, król Anglii 9 Wilhelm Żelazne Ramie, hrabia Apulii 28, 29,30,34,40,55,130 Zyrydzi, dynastia 27 Żydzi 57,126
Indeks geograficzny Acerenza, miasto 34,49 Adriatyk 7 Afryka Północna 7,8, 17, 27, 57, 70, 77, 82,83,87,91,106,107,117,119,132 Agrigentum, miasto 57, 63, 72, 73, 77, 110,111,112 Al-Mahdia, miasto 107,108,126 Ajlello, zamek 74 Amalfi, miasto 21,26,43,51,85,86,122, 126 Anator, miasto 69 Andria, miasto 40 Ankona, miasto 96 Antilium (Entella), zamek 65 Antiochia, miasto 11,21, Apulia 8, 14, 17, 21, 22, 30, 31, 34, 36, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 59, 63, 67,68,74,76,83,95,97,98,104,114, 121.125.131 Arneuła 23 Askoli, miasto 22,30,93,101 Aulona, miasto 98 Aversa, miasto 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36,40,41,47,101 Babenberg, miasto 24 Bacheraza, zamek 41 Bari, miasto 15,21,22,30,32,33,39,48, 49.75.76.77.78.87.131 Barletta, zamek 40 Belgrad, miasto 123 Benewent, miasto 32,43,46,47,96,103 Bicarum, miasto 90 Bisceglie, zamek 40,84 Bizancjum 9,10,43,44,94,107,131 Bradano, rzeka 93 Brindisi, miasto 52,64, 74,75,98, 99 Brucato, miasto 72 Butera, miasto 112, 115, Callipoli, miasto 48 Caltanisetta (Kalat-Ai-Thur), zamek 111 Cariati, miasto 50 Caranto, miasto 40, 87 Castellaneta, miasto 94 Castro-Johannis (Enna), zamek i miasto 17, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 81, 87.110.111.126 Castro-novum, zamek 90,91 Castro-villa, zamek 121 Cefalu, miasto 72, Centurbienses (Centuripe), miasto 62, Cerami, rzeka i zamek 69,70,76,81,131 Cinisum (Cesini), miasto 93,94 Chietti, zamek i miasto 45,53,54, Chútate, miasto i zamek 17,34,45, 55 Comino, wyspa 120 Corleone, zamek 92 Cosenza, miasto 42, 50, 72, 73, 93, 114, 117.120.126 Crati, 42 Cypr, wyspa 107 Dalmacja 98,123 Dulibetis (Olivento), rzeka 30
Dyrrachium, miasto 26,74,98,99 Epir 102
156 Indeks geograficzny Europa 19,35,36,132 Etna, góra 8, 64, 91 Litium, miasto 48 Logina, miasto 105 Magdalone, zamek Maghreb 17 Maida (Majam), zamek 50,51,114 Malta, wyspa 12,14,17,78,82,110,116, Garigliano, wieża 24 Gavinium, miasto 74 117,118,119 Marchia 45 Genua, miasto 107,133 Martirano, miasto 50 Gerace, zamek 51,66 Matera, miasto 33 Gerici, zamek 100 Giovinazzo (Iuvenacus), miasto 32, 84, Mazara, miasto 57,84,88,112 Mdina, miasto 118,119 87,93,94 Mejana, zamek 64 Golisano, miasto 72 Melacium (Milazzo), miasto 58 Gozo, wyspa 120 Guillimaco, zamek 53 Melfi, miasto 30,31,34,36,50,51,52 Guastaliella, zamek 111 Mellieha, wieś 119 Messyna, miasto 27, 32, 54, 56, 57, 58, Hydranto (Otranto), miasto 33, 34, 39, 59,61,65,82,100,131 48,49, 74, 77,98,101,104,110,131 Mezzogiorno 19, 20, 21, 24, 35, 41,42, 44,65, 83,95,122,125,126,129 Ilyria 102 Micoluse (Moduse), zamek 111 Mileto (Melito), miasto i zamek 53, 65, Jatenes (Jato), miasto i region 92,93,94, 66,87,111,115,125 Miselmir, miejscowość 76,77 95 Jerycho, miasto 98 Mistretta, zamek 102 Monte Calataxibet 63 Kalabria 8, 17, 26, 31, 34, 36,42, 46, 47, Monte Cassino 13,19,85 49,50,52,54,56-65,68,73,78,82,83, Monte Gargano 21,22,34,35 86, 87, 89, 93, 95, 104, 111, 121, 124, Monte Peluz (Montepeloso) 22, 31, 34, 126,131 73 Kanny, miasto 23,24, 25, 86,101 Monopoli, miasto 32,33,34,75 Kapua, miasto 22, 24, 25, 35, 40, 53, 85, Montillaro, zamek 43,44 93,101,124,127 Monte Soricoy 31,32 Katania, miasto 14, 57, 58, 63,78, 84, 88, Monte Tarantinus 72 Morze Śródziemne 7,8 89,99,100,112 Kefalonia, wyspa 23,104 Muxaro (Missar), zamek 111
Kerkyra, wyspa 98 Kolonia, miasto 24 Naro,zamek 111 Konstantynopol, miasto 7,23,30,40,43, Neritonum, miasto 48 48,54,96,98 Neocastro, zamek 50 Kreta, wyspa 107 Nicefola, zamek 50,52 Nicosinum (Nikozja) 67 Labella, miasto 30 Nicoterum, miasto 87,105, Lavello 42 Normandia 7, 14, 16, 19, 35, 36, 42, 55, Larissa, miasto 102 125 Licata, zamek 111 Noto, miasto 57,89,99,106,112,115,116 Fetorii, rzeka 23, Fraxionos (Franazze), miasto 62
Indeks geograficzny Obbiamum, miasto 74 O fanto, rzeka 23,31, Odria (Adria), miasto 48,52,64,87,101, 110 Palermo, miasto 13,17,57,61,71,72,73, 76,77,78,79, 80,81,82, 83,107 Pantellaria, wyspa 107,110,126 Pantalica (Pentargae), miasto 121 Paterni, równina 62 Paterno, zamek 84, Petralia, miasto 65 Partinicum, zamek 92 Petrelejum, zamek 74 Platani, zamek 111 Piza, miasto 71, 72, 75, 76, 85, 107, 108, 122,133 Praroli (Faro), miejscowość 58 Ravanuse (Remunisse), zamek 111 Reggio, miasto 28, 50, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60,76, 82,105,131 Rasesalix, miasto 105 Raselbifar, zamek 111 Rocca Asini 105 Rometta(Rametta), miasto 29,58,61 Rossano, zamek 84, 87,121 Sancii Angelo, zamek 34 Santo Nicandro, zamek 51 Sancti Jacynti, wyspa 59 Sanctum Felicem, miejscowość 62, 69 Salerno, miasto 13,15,19,20,21,23,24, 35,41,44,52,85,97,103,129 Scabatripoli (Tripi), miasto 62 Scalea, zamek 51,53 S cribla, zamek i dolina 42 Sipont 34 Spinaciolum (Spinazzola), zamek 93 Spoleto, miasto 46 Squillace, miejscowość 34, 50, 52, 54, 105 157 Stridulum, zamek 34 Sutéra, zamek 111 Sycylia, wyspa 7,8,11,12,15,16,17,26, 27, 28, 35, 47, 50, 54, 57, 58, 59- 65, 65-76, 82, 89, 94, 96, 104, 110, 122, 124,126,127 Syrakuzy, miasto 17, 29, 57, 58, 88, 99, 105,106,110,126 Świętego Marka, Zamek 63,102,121 Świętego Marcina, Zamek 53,63,124 Tarent, miasto 33, 34, 40, 50, 52, 73, 74, 75,94,101,110,131 Taromina, miasto 91, 92,105,108 Tarša, zamek 121 Telese 46 Trani, miasto 22,33,34,49,94 Trapini, miasto 57, 89,90,95,107 Tricarium41 Trium Monasterium, miejscowość 61 Traina, miasto 29, 57,65,66,67,69,71, 72,78,88,91,92,102 Troja
(Troia), miasto 24, 25,41,101 Uggiano, miasto 73 Val Demone 57,71,82, Val di Nato 57 Val di Mazara 57 valle Cratensi 67 Vacarice, miasto 23, 24 Valii 45 Venosa, miasto 34,49, Via Egnatia, droga 98,99 Via Tusulana, droga 103 Wenecja, republika i miasto 99,123,133 Wondica, miasto 104 Wyspy Brytyjskie 7,9 Zadar, miasto 123 Zotica, miasto 89
Summary he conquest of Sicily by the Normans in the years 1061-1099, as well as before the southern part of the Italian boot, was an event without prece dent in the history of medieval Europe. These people did not have the support of any country, but they only rely on their wits and strength of their muscles. Initially, the pilgrims, then mercenaries, and finally actual conquerors and rul ers, against which trembled with fear two of the Empires, the Papacy, and espe cially the Islamic world. The Newcomers from the north brought with them, besides melee skills, huge and genuine zeal for the faith. There have never been so many of them to be able to physically dominate the southern Italy, and they conquered this area almost with hands of Mezzogiorno people, skillfully enter ing into alliances and award-marital relationships, with members of important Longobards families. The peak of their genius was conquest of Sicily, run with sometimes small forces for 30 years. In the first half of the eleventh century, as Longobardian and Byzantine mer cenaries they took part in almost all revolts and wars, which tooks place in the region of the Mezzogiorno. It’s at the hands of their employers, they also re ceived the first grants, which became the starting point for their further infil tration of the southern Apennine Peninsula. Skillfully weaving between this forces they become the proverbial tip of the scales. The Drengots, who came to Italy as the first of the major Norman families, have mastered this art to perfec tion on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast, where they formed a county
ofAversa. They focused their attention and territorial ambitions on the lands belonging to the Lombards, and to those belonging to pope and Rome in central Italy. Aversa soon became a haven for young adventurers from Normandy, who do not in tend to submit to the new masters. In this group of people were Hauteville brothers, whose ambitions were also not small. Joining in the service of the Byzantines and their participation in the war in Sicily under the command of Maniakes, was for them an excellent starting point for further actions to bring them eternal glory. Able and unscrupulous Hautevilles as soon as they get the chance, they turned against their employers, paying attention to the Byzantine provinces in Italy. Their main goal was Puglia with its rich coastal cities. The several years of Norman presence in Sicily made them realize that the local Is lamic world was divided and weak, while the island itself has to offer enormous T
138 Summary wealth. That is probably why the first representatives of this family William, Drago and Humfred not ever give up hope that they return on this island, this time conquering it for their selves. In the years 1018-1053, the total number of Normans fluctuated on average between three and five thousand men in a given year. This was just a drop in the ocean of local Greeks and Lombards. The essential becomes the Normans alli ances, strengthened by the marriages with families of longobardian feudal lords. Mixing visitors from Northern Europe with the Lombards, strength ened their military potential, because the latter provide them with infantry, necessary for Normans in the Mezzogiorno. The murder of Drago and Waimar, showed that the Lombards were allies equally uncertain like the Greeks. The Normans did them more humble, by putting on their lands, and their cities new castles, citadels and that guarded their allegiance to the new government. The complete mastery of Puglia, Sicily and later, however, would be impossible without ensuring the support of the fleet, and the Normans in Italy at this point did not have any. The chivalrous Normans gone far from their Scandinavian heritage, changing the deck of drakkar on the horse s back. The only place where they could build ships and fleet, were the lands of Calabria, which at that time was abounded in the woods. The Byzantine province fell much faster than Puglia. The Normans under Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger, before they mastered Calabria, they quite effectively destroyed it. Burning of crops, destroying
ofvineyards and olive groves, had a devastating impact on the econ omy of the region (because the same method was used in Puglia), as well as on its demographic potential. The possessing of Reggio in Calabria in front of which lies Sicily, for Guis card and Roger has become a reminder of the plan, which outlines tagged to their older brothers. Finally, the dream become a reality. The internal situation in Sicily gave Normans hope for the success of such a venture. The gaining Messina in 1061, and then winning the battle of Castro-Johannis and Cerami, confirmed their belief, that they are able to subdue whole Sicily. Prince Robert was a realist and his priority was to master the Adriatic and Ionian Puglia, and for this task he need to built from scratch, a maritime potential of his fleet. In Sicily, he got a free hand thanks to Roger, who acted within its modest capa bilities. The Count have some kind of luck, because eastern part of island was resident with Christians who easily accept new rulers. The Sicilian Christians ascended to the fleet of Count, which was probably built on the island by Rog er, who with naval forces collected by the Normans in Taranto and Hydranto, decided of capture the last of the faithful Byzantine town in Puglia. Fall of Bari in Year 1071 freed the hands of Guiscard, who threw on Sicily all his land forc es and his fleet, whose goal was to conquest Palermo. The conquest of this town in the next year allowed Normans to suspect, that the final stage of the conquest of the island is near. It was a wrong assumption, because Roger had before him
the next twenty years of heavy fighting with local Muslims, in which
Summary 139 the fighting spirit has not expired. The fact that both Guiscard and Count Rog er, constantly have been involved in the wars with their nephews rebelling up in Puglia, or the subjects of Calabria, did not help in the conquest of Sicily. The War with rebels was consuming the additional measures, including those gained in Sicily, and above all the time, that could be better used on this island to surrender it much faster to Christians. There was also no guilty of Guiscard, who unleashed a campaign against Byzantium in the Balkans, which stretched the resources of the fleet of Roger, and probably caused the outflow of people from the ranks of his army. The Count, however, coped with the problem of lack of strength in the excellent way. The Normans became the new aristocracy of Sicily, to which joined the converts (such as tortured martyr Elijah), which through the use of pre-existing earthly relationship, supplied Roger with infan try, recruited from their new Muslim subjects. The Count, however, was the most powerful landowner on the island. The relatives constantly rebelling in mainland Italy, gave him a lesson. At some point he stopped to encourage the Normans and new visitors from other regions of France to settle on the is land, seeing them anyway right, as subversive element. This book consists of four chapters. The first is in the timeframe of years 1000-1044. Our focus is in on the first wanderers from Normandy, who as pil grims made their way to Italy, to then become mercenaries during the revolt of Melus, which threatens Byzantine dominion in the
Apennine Peninsula. In this chapter is also shown part of the Normans in Byzantine efforts to re cover Sicily from the hands of the Muslims, then in rebellion aimed at byzan tine emperors authorities in Calabria and Puglia. Also discussed was the way of the first representatives of the families Drengot and Hauteville, who through the strength and skills were promoted at the end of this period as undisputed leaders of the Normans, aiming to carve in Italy their own independent states. The second chapter of this book is presented to show the Norman conquest in Italy in the years 1044-1061. We show in this part of book, how developed the seeds of the Norman statehood. It is has been shown, with both roads of Robert Guiscard, who after the battle of Civitate and the death of his older brothers, becomes the leader of the Normans in southern Italy, as well as his younger brother Roger, whose ambitions were no lesser than his siblings. In the background of all this considerations, there are the Norman relations with the population of Longobards and Greeks, their new subjects, who were not going smoothly comply with the new masters. Another chapter three, is already moving on to the merits of the case. We start with the reasons for the expedition to Sicily of the Normans from year 1061, beginning with the trial landing near Messina, by going to the activities that were made to subordinate this island to newcomers. There is also dis cussed in detail a expansion of Norman in the interior of the island. Very much space we devote to the publication of the formation of the Norman
fleet, with out which the conquest and maintenance of Sicily, would be impossible. With-
140 Summary out a strong fleet of its own, the Normans never would be able to cut off the enemies of the assistance, which to them was offered from fellow Muslims from North Africa. The turning point was the mastery of Palermo. It was a vic tory, which showed that the Sicilian Muslims ceased to have a force, able to stop the Normans. The last chapter closed in the years 1081-1099, was devoted to the presentation of the tip action of the conquest of Sicily. The resistance put up by Syracuse and Castro-Johannis, was so important, as well as consolidating the power of the conqueror of the island count Roger I, over his new subjects Muslims. In this chapter we have devote much space to show the conflict in the bosom of his family, in which Sicily was of crucial importance, and the count stood at the peak of his power. For these events, the background is also a de scription of the Norman operations in Malta, an important base of Muslims towards Sicily, and the previous action of Pisa in North Africa in Al-Mahdia.
|
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| author | Böhm, Marcin 1980- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043689234 |
| contents | Bibliogr. s. 143-150. Indeksy |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1099848197 (DE-599)BVBBV043689234 |
| era | Geschichte 1500-1600 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1500-1600 |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Böhm, Marcin 1980- Verfasser (DE-588)102302599X aut Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku Marcin Böhm Oświęcim Wydawnictwo Napoleon V 2014 157 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliogr. s. 143-150. Indeksy Englische Zusammenfassung Geschichte 1500-1600 gnd rswk-swf Normanowie / Włochy / Sycylia jhpk Normannen (DE-588)4042620-8 gnd rswk-swf Sizilien (DE-588)4055193-3 gnd rswk-swf Sizilien (DE-588)4055193-3 g Normannen (DE-588)4042620-8 s Geschichte 1500-1600 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029101951&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029101951&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029101951&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029101951&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029101951&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Böhm, Marcin 1980- Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku Bibliogr. s. 143-150. Indeksy Normanowie / Włochy / Sycylia jhpk Normannen (DE-588)4042620-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4042620-8 (DE-588)4055193-3 |
| title | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku |
| title_auth | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku |
| title_exact_search | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku |
| title_full | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku Marcin Böhm |
| title_fullStr | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku Marcin Böhm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku Marcin Böhm |
| title_short | Normański podbój Sycylii w XI wieku |
| title_sort | normanski podboj sycylii w xi wieku |
| topic | Normanowie / Włochy / Sycylia jhpk Normannen (DE-588)4042620-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Normanowie / Włochy / Sycylia Normannen Sizilien |
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