Why we play: an anthropological study
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Chicago
Hau Books
[2016]
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| Edition: | Enlarged edition |
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| Physical Description: | xix, 343 Seiten 1 Karte |
| ISBN: | 9780986132568 098613256X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Why we play |b an anthropological study |c Roberte Hamayon ; translated by Damien Simon ; foreword by Michael Puett |
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XIII
FOREWORD: IN PRAISE OF PLAY BY MICHAEL PUETT XV
INTRODUCTION: PLAYING : A BUNDLE OF PARADOXES 1
CHRONICLE OF EVIDENCE 2
OUTLINE OF MY APPROACH 6
PART I: FROM GAMES TO PLAY
1. CAN PLAY BE AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH? 13
CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY S CURIOUS LACK OF INTEREST 15
UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM 18
TRANSVERSAL NOTIONS ] 8
FIRST AXIS: SPORT AS A REGULATED ACTIVITY 18
SECOND AXIS: RITUAL AS AN INTERACTIONAL STRUCTURE 20
TOWARD COGNITIVE STUDIES 23
FROM CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AS A COGNITIVE STRUCTURE 24
. . . AND IN EDUCATIONAL AND LEARNING THEORIES 24
VARIETY OF TERMINOLOGICAL DIVISION 26
BRIEF ETYTN OLOGICAL H IS TOR Y 2 7
BREAKING UP OR UNIFYING? 29
SCARCITY OF GENERALIZING THEORIES 29
WHY WE PLAY
DEFINING, CLASSIFYING: OF QUESTIONABLE USE 30
RETURN TO A UNITY OF PLAY 36
2. PLAY IN THE WEST: FROM CONDEMNATION TO RECYCLING 37
CHRISTIAN CONDEMNATION 37
TERTULLIAN AND THE PUBLIC GAMES OR SHOWS 39
GIVING THE BLOOD OF THE LIVING TO THE DEAD 39
REPRESENTATION IS DECEITFUL 41
PLEASURE OF MAN, DISPLEASURE OF GOD 43
TEN CENTURIES OF TAMING THE BODY 45
NUMEROUS ATTACKS, NUMEROUS TARGETS 45
OF GOOD AND BAD USES OF BODILY PARTS 46
FEET ARE NOT MADE FOR JUMPING 46
BODY AND SOUL, MAN AND ANIMAL 48
DRAMA LIES 50
GAMES DISSOCIATED AND REDIRECTED 50
ART OF WAR, ART OF LOVE 54
PLEASURE, BOREDOM, REST 56
WHAT IS AT STAKE IN PLAY: GUESSING, WINNING 56
DIVINATION LIES 57
CHANCE, TIME, AND MONEY 59
REDISTRIBUTION AND LOTTERY 60
HAVE GAMES KILLED PLAY? 62
3. PLAY DEFINED IN NEGATIVE TERMS: A DISCREPANT
MODALITY OF ACTION 63
BUT WHAT IS A NON-PLAY FRAME ? 66
A FICTIONAL FRAME REFLECTING AN EMPIRICAL REALITY 66
ANOTHER WAY OF DOING: DOING SOMETHING ELSE, ELSEWHERE,
OTHERWISE 67
A BUNDLE OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSIONS 68
EXPECTING AN EFFECT 69
THE RECURRENCE OF A GAP OR A DISTANCE 69
4. BURYAT PLAY: A CASE IN POINT 73
SOURCES 74
THE BURYAT PEOPLE: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 74
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE BURYAT NOTION OF PLAY 75
COLLECTIVE GAMES 76
THE BRIDE S GAMES PREPARE FOR LOVE: EMPHASIS ON
THE HOPPING DANCE 77
THEY TRIGGER THE HEROIC TRAJECTORY IN THE EPIC NARRATIVE 77
FROM THE HENPARTY TO MARRIED LIFE 78
THEY DISAPPEAR WITH THE EXPANSION OFPASTORALISM
AND BUDDHISM 79
HEAD-BUTTS AND. . . HEAD-BUTTS! 80
THE SHAMANIC RITUAL INSTILLS A DOUBLE VIRILITY: EMPHASIS ON
BOUNCING RIGHTS 80
THE SHAMANS TASK: MAKING YOUTH PLAY 81
T/JE SHAMANS GESTURES: LOVING APPROACH AND COMBAT 83
THE SHAMANS OTHER TASK: HEAD-BUTTING MARRIED MEN 85
WHAT REMAINS OF THIS TODAY? 85
5. LIVELY RHYTHMICAL MOVEMENTS CREATING
A FICTIONAL FRAME 87
THE CLOSE ASSOCIATION OF TWO TYPES OF MOVEMENT AND
THE CREATION OF A PLAY FRAME 89
TLOESE MOVEME?ITS DRAW THEIR INSPIRATION FROM CERTAIN
ANIMAL SPECIES 89
FOR THE SPECIES CHOSEN AS ROLE MODELS, THE MALE REPELS HIS RIVALS
IN ORDER TO BEGUILE THE FEMALE 90
WHAT ARE THE HUMAN IMPLICATIONS OF ASSOCIATING THESE TWO
TYPES OF MOVEMENT? 90
LIMITS OF FUNCTIONAL EXPLANATIONS 92
LIMITS OF THE NOTION OF AGON 92
OPPONENT AND PARTNER, PARTNER AND OPPONENT 94
THE SOLITARY PLAYER 95
THE ?IOTION OF INTERNAL SANCTION 95
WHEN THE ASSOCIATION OF THE TWO TYPES OF GAMES DISSOLVES 96
INVOLVING THE BODY IN INTERNALIZING IDEALS 97
FORMALIZATION 98
FROM MOVEMENT TO SOUND 98
THE FRAME S CONSTRAINT: THE GAMES REMAIN EVEN THOUGH
THE GAMES CHANGE 99
WHY WE PLAY
PART II: PLAY AND ITS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS
6. BODILY INVOLVEMENT AND THE CREATION OF OTHER
DIMENSIONS
103
7. IMITATION: DOING LIKEWISE, DOING AS IF 107
DOING LIKE THE OTHER: PLAYING AMONG HUMANS 108
AS TIME GOES BY, IMITATION WANES AND THE GAMES REMAIN 109
DOING AS IF WE WERE THE OTHER: SIMULATING, PLAYING TO BE
THE OTHER 110
RITUAL IMITATES HUNTING, HUNTING IMITATES RITUAL 112
TOWARD NONGESTURAL IMITATIONS 115
IMITATION IN TUNGUSIC RITUAL PLAY 115
IMITATION IN YAKUT RITUAL PLAY 118
IMITATION IN SAAMI RITUAL PLAY 120
IMITATION AND SUBSTITUTION IN KORYAK RITUAL PLAY 120
COMPARATIVE REMARKS 120
THE FICTIONAL FRAME: COMMON POINT BETWEEN PLAY AND RITUAL 121
THE MANY MERITS OF IMITATION 123
8. FORESHADOWING: AN INDIRECT MODE OF PREPARATION 125
ON THE PROPER USE OF FICTION 127
THREE FICTIONAL FRAMES AND THREE TYPES OF PREPARATION 129
RECENT RECONFIGURATIONS AND PREPARATION AT A NATIONAL LEVEL 130
THE PREPARATORY ASPECT OF THE MONGOL NAADAM 132
EVERYTHING (OR ALMOST EVERYTHING) CAN BE AN OPPORTUNITY
TO PLAY IN PRIVATE; EVERY INFORMAL GAME CAN PREPARE 133
THE DOUBLE NOTION OF SANCTION: SHOOTING STRAIGHT 134
THE HUNTER S IDEAL 136
GESTURES AND SOUNDS, AND FROM GESTURE TO SOUND 139
WHAT IS THE BASIS OF THE PREPARATORY EFFECT ATTRIBUTED
TO NONPLAY FORMS? 140
SMALL-SCALE MODEL 142
9. THE COGNITIVE PROCESS: IDENTITY AND ALTERITY,
OPPOSITION AND COMPLEMENTARITY 143
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE NOTION OF COMMUNITY: PHYSICAL REPRODUCTION, SOCIAL
REPRODUCTION 144
THE VERY FREQUENT ASSOCIATION OF WRESTLING AND DANCING GAMES 145
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SELF AS AN INDIVIDUAL SUBJECT BY THE
EXPERIENCE OF ALTERITY 146
CONSTRUCTION OF THE OTHER BY PLAYING AND THE ROLE
OF ANIMATION 148
BUILDING SOCIAL RELATIONS ON THE MODEL OF PHYSICAL GAMES 148
EVERYTHING CA?I BE AN OPPORTUNITY TO COMPETE 151
SEXUAL DISSYMMETRY AND MALE PRIVILEGE 152
TIDE ROLE OF INTERNAL SANCTIONS 152
PROGRESSIVE MARGINALIZATION OF DANCE-TYPE GAMES 153
FACED WITH ANIMAL SPECIES, MANKIND IS MALE AND PLAYS 155
TAKING THE RISK OF SANCTION ALSO GIVES THE ADVANTAGE IN THE
EPIC SONG 157
PLAYS COGNITIVE PROPERTIES ARE ALSO BASED ON ITS SHAPE 157
10. INTERACTION: HUMANS AND THEIR OTHERS 159
ACTING THROUGH ANIMAL MODELS 160
REJOICE IMMATERIAL BEINGS 162
REJOICE TO DIVERT, CREATE A DIVERSION 163
REJOICING DEAD HUMANS TO REVITALIZE THEM 165
INTERACTIONS CAUSING ALTERNATION BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH 167
SPILLING BLOOD AS THE PRICE FOR LIFE 168
11. DRAMATIZATION: REPRESENTING AND GENERATING
AN EFFECT 173
REPRESENTING 175
REPRESENTING BEINGS, REPRESENTING ACTS 177
REPRESENTING AN ACTION IN THE VERY PROCESS OF ITS EXECUTION 180
DRAMATIC REPRESENTATIONS WHICH ARE NOT CALLED PLAY 181
THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF EMBODYING A TRANSCENDENT GOD 182
EPILOGUE: CONTEMPORARY DRAMATIZATION OF INTERACTIONS
WITH INVISIBLE ENTITIES 183
WHY WE PLAY
12. INVOLVING PSYCHE: JOY AND EMOTION, CONSCIENCE
AND BELIEF 185
JOY AND RESISTANCE TO PAIN; LAUGHTER AND APPETITE FOR RISK 186
LAUGHTER AS RITUALIZATION OF AGGRESSIVENESS 188
DEMONSTRATING JOY, FEELING DESIRE: A CULTURAL TRADITION 189
ETHICS BASED ON DELIBERATE OPTIMISM 191
BELIEF, EMOTION, AND CONSCIOUSNESS: ENTERING THE GAME 192
THE RELATION BETWEEN BELIEF AND OBJECT OF BELIEF 196
ON THE ATTITUDE OF BELIEF WITHOUT OBJECT OF BELIEF 196
OPTIMISM AND MOVEMENT 199
THE JOY OF PLAYING AND PREPARATION OF THE FUTURE 201
13. INDETERMINACY: LUCK 203
THE PRAGMATIC STAKE OF PREPARATORY PLAY 204
UNPRODUCIBILITY : INDETERMINACY FACTOR PAR EXCELLENCE 204
LUCK: LEADER OF A SEMANTIC SERIES 206
LUCK HAS TO BE EARNED 208
PERSONAL LUCK: PRIVATE GAMES WITH INTERNAL SANCTIONS 209
PLAYING ALONE 211
ONCE AGAIN, BELIEF WITHOUT BELIEF CONTENT 211
FROM INTERNAL SANCTION TO UNCERTAINTY 212
. . . AND FROM UNCERTAINTY TO RELATIONAL CAUSALITY 213
LUCK IN HUNTING: ITS COLLECTIVE SIDE AND ITS PERSONAL SIDE 214
LUCK IN ALL ITS ASPECTS: SPATIAL, DYNAMIC, AND MATERIAL 216
THE ASSOCIATION OF LOVE WITH THE HUNTER S LUCK 219
LUCK MATERIALIZED AND SHARED 220
HOW EQUIVALENT ARE PLAYING AND HUNTING? 221
FEMININITY OF LUCK-SOURCE ENTITIES 222
. . . THEIR MASCULINIZATION AND THEIR HUMANIZATION 223
ANCESTORS: DISPENSERS OF GRACE 224
ANCESTRAL GRACE KEPT FOR ONESELF 225
IS THERE A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MASCULINITY OF THE
GIVING FIGURES AND SAFETY? 226
OTHER PRIVATE LUCKS: MULTIPURPOSE, BLURRY, AND WITHOUT
A GIVING FIGURE 226
LUCK: AN OBSTACLE TO THE WIELDING OF POWER 227
LUCK: A COUNTERPOWER TOOL 229
TABLE OF CONTENTS
14. STRATEGY: CUNNING 231
DISSIMULATION 232
ACTIVE CUNNING 234
CUNNING ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE FIELD OF PLAY 234
FROM CUNNING IN GAMES TO DECEPTION BEYOND THE GAME 235
THE EFFECT OF CLEVER PLAY ON REALITY OR THE MEASURE
OF INTELLIGENCE 236
DOES THE SHAMAN USE CUNNING? 238
TIDE BEDROCK OF SELECTION 239
LOYALTY TOWARD THE SPIRITS OF WILD SPECIES 240
THE SPIRITS OF WILD SPECIES CANNOT BE DECEIVED 242
IMBECILITY OF DEAD HUMAN SOULS (AND OTHER DEITIES) 242
THE POROUS BORDER BETWEEN CUNNING AND DECEPTION 244
15. THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REPERCUSSIONS:
REDISTRIBUTION AND HIERARCHIZATION 247
LUCK: CROSSOVERS BETWEEN SELECTION AND REDISTRIBUTION 247
TIE SHAMANIC RITUAL: DOUBLE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION
OJ MATERIALIZED LUCK 248
INDIVIDUAL LUCK SUPPORTING THE COMMON INTEREST 249
THE MATERIALITY OF LUCK: A REQUISITE FOR SELECTION
AND REDISTRIBUTION 250
OTHER WAYS OF COMBINING SELECTION AND DISTRIBUTION,
OTHER GAMES 251
IS REDISTRIBUTION A SOURCE OF POWER? 252
ACCESS TO POWER THROUGH REDISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL GOODS 253
REDISTRIBUTION OF IMMATERIAL GOODS: FROM LUCK TO PROVIDENCE 255
ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, ECOLOGY, AND RESORTING TO PLAY 256
OBTAINING POWER THROUGH COMPETITION 257
FROM COMPETITION TO RANKING 258
. . . AND FROM RANKING TO THE CENTRALIZATION OF POWER 260
16. THE PRIVILEGE OF VIRILITY 263
A SANCTIONED AND DIRECTED ACT 264
MECHANICAL MODEL, SEXUAL MODEL: CROSS-METAPHORS 265
THE RITUAL STAGING OF GENDER COOPERATION 267
WHY WE PLAY
FROM GAME WITH SANCTION TO POLITICAL POWER:
AN IRRESISTIBLE SPREAD 268
ON THE RELATION BETWEEN VIRILE AND VIRTUAL 270
TERRESTRIAL OR TRANSCENDENT, POWER IS VIRILE AND FEMINIZES
THE DOMINATED 27 A
FROM HUSBAND TO FATHER 275
ON THE USEFULNESS OF MOVEMENT AND DISTANCE 276
. . . AND ON THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF DYNAMISM AND ALTER ITY 277
17. TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE GAP: MARGIN AND METAPHOR 279
MARGIN AS A FUNCTIONAL CONDITION 280
METAPHOR AS A STRUCTURING CONDITION 281
METAPHORICAL STRUCTURING: A TOOL OF THOUGHT 282
METAPHORICAL STRUCTURING AS A FICTIONAL CREATION 283
A BRIEF ANSWER TO SOME CRITICISMS OF THE CONCEPT OF METAPHOR 284
THE EXPERIENTIAL FOUNDATION OF METAPHORICAL STRUCTURING 285
THE PARTIAL NATURE OF METAPHORICAL STRUCTURING 286
CONSTRAINTS OF METAPHORICAL STRUCTURING 286
ALTERITY AT THE VERY BASIS OF METAPHORICAL STRUCTURING 288
FROM THE STANDPOINT OF PLAY 289
FROM THE STANDPOINT OF BELIEF 289
REALIZATION 290
PLAY AND RITE, GAME AND SPORT IN THE LIGHT OF METAPHOR
AND MARGIN 292
IN CONCLUSION 295
BIBLIOGRAPHY 303
INDEX OF NAMES 339
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xiii
Foreword: “In praise of play” by Michael Puett xv
Introduction: “Playing”: A bundle of paradoxes 1
Chronicle of evidence 2
Outline of my approach 6
PART I: FROM GAMES TO PLAY
1. Can play be an object of research? 13
Contemporary anthropology s curious lack of interest 15
Upstream and downstream 18
Transversal notions 18
First axis: Sport as a regulated activity 18
Second axis: Ritual as an interactional structure 20
Toward cognitive studies 23
From child psychology as a cognitive structure 24
. .. and in educational and learning theories 24
Variety of terminological division 26
Brief etymological history 27
Breaking up or unifying? 29
Scarcity of generalizing theories 29
VI
WHY WE PLAY
Defining, classifying: Of questionable use 30
Return to a unity of play 36
2. Play in the West: From condemnation to recycling 37
Christian condemnation 37
Tertullian and the “Public Games” or “shows” 39
Giving the blood of the living to the dead 39
Representation is deceitful 41
Pleasure of man, displeasure of God 43
Ten centuries of “taming” the body 45
Numerous attacks, numerous targets 45
Of good and bad uses of bodily parts 46
Feet are not madefor jumping 46
Body and soul, man and animal 48
Drama lies 50
Games dissociated and redirected 50
Art of war.; art of love 54
Pleasure, boredom, rest 56
What is at stake in play: Guessing, winning 56
Divination lies 57
Chance, time, and money 59
Redistribution and lottery 60
Have games killed play? 62
3. Play defined in negative terms: A discrepant
MODALITY OF ACTION 63
But what is a “non-play frame”? 66
Afictionalframe refecting an empirical reality 66
Another way of doing: doing something else, elsewhere,
otherwise 67
A bundle of interdependent dimensions 68
Expecting an *effect* 69
The recurrence of a gap or a distance 69
4. Buryat play: A case in point 73
Sources 74
The Buryat people: A brief overview 74
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
The Buryat notion of play 75
Collective Games 76
The Brides Games prepare for love: Emphasis on
the hopping dance 77
They trigger the heroic trajectory in the epic narrative 77
From the henparty to married life 78
They disappear with the expansion of pastoralism
and Buddhism 79
Head-butts and. .. head-butts! 80
The shamanic ritual instills a double virility: Emphasis on
bouncing fights 80
The shamans task: Making youth “play” 81
The shamans gestures: Loving approach and combat 83
The shaman s other task: “Head-butting” married men 85
What remains of this today? 85
5. Lively rhythmical movements creating
A FICTIONAL FRAME 87
The close association of two types of movement and
the creation of a play frame 89
These movements draw their inspiration from certain
animal species 89
For the species chosen as role models, the male repels his rivals
in order to beguile the female 90
What are the human implications of associating these two
types of movement? 90
Limits of functional explanations 92
Limits of the notion of agon 92
Opponent and partner, partner and opponent 94
The solitary player 95
The notion of internal sanction 95
When the association of the two types of games dissolves 96
Involving the body in internalizing ideals 97
Formalization 98
From movement to sound 98
The frame s constraint: The Games remain even though
the games change
99
WHY WE PLAY
PART II: PLAY AND ITS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS
6. Bodily involvement and the creation of other
DIMENSIONS 103
7. Imitation: Doing “likewise,” doing “as if” 107
Doing “like” the other: Playing among humans 108
As time goes by, imitation wanes and the Games remain 109
Doing “as if” we were the other: Simulating, playing to be
the other HO
Ritual imitates hunting, hunting imitates ritual 112
Toward nongestural imitations H5
Imitation in Tungusic ritual play 115
Imitation in Yakut ritual play 118
Imitation in Saami ritual play 120
Imitation and substitution in Koryak ritual play 120
Comparative remarks 120
The fictional frame: Common point between play and ritual 121
The many merits of imitation 123
8. Foreshadowing: An indirect mode of preparation 125
On the proper use of fiction 127
Three fictional frames and three types of preparation 129
Recent reconfigurations and preparation at a national level 130
The preparatory aspect of the Mo ngol N aadam 132
Everything (or almost everything) can be an opportunity
to play in private; every informal game can prepare 133
The double notion of sanction: Shooting straight 134
The hunters ideal 136
Gestures and sounds, and from gesture to sound 139
What is the basis of the preparatory “effect” attributed
to nonplay forms? 140
“Small-scale model” 142
9. The cognitive process: Identity and alterity,
OPPOSITION AND COMPLEMENTARITY 143
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
The notion of community: Physical reproduction, social
reproduction 144
The very frequent association of wrestling and dancing games 145
Construction of the self as an individual subject by the
experience of alterity 146
Construction of the other by playing” and the role
of animation” 148
Building social relations on the model of physical games 148
Everything can be an opportunity to compete 151
Sexual dissymmetry and male privilege 152
The role of internal sanctions 152
Progressive marginalization of dance-type games 153
Faced with animal species, mankind is male and plays” 155
Taking the risk of sanction also gives the advantage in the
epic song 157
Plays cognitive properties are also based on its shape 157
10. Interaction: Humans and their others” 159
Acting through animal models 160
Rejoice” immaterial beings 162
“Rejoice” to divert, create a diversion 163
“Rejoicing” dead humans to revitalize them 165
Interactions causing alternation between life and death 167
Spilling blood as the pricefor life 168
11. Dramatization: Representing and generating
an “effect” 173
Representing” 175
Representing beings, representing acts 177
Representing an action in the very process of its execution 180
Dramatic representations which are not called play 181
The impossibility of embodying a transcendent god 182
Epilogue: Contemporary dramatization of interactions
with invisible entities 183
X
WHY WE PLAY
12. Involving psyche: Joy and emotion, conscience
AND BELIEF 185
Joy and resistance to pain; laughter and appetite for risk 186
Laughter as ritualization of aggressiveness 188
Demonstrating joy, feeling desire: A cultural tradition 189
Ethics based on deliberate optimism 191
Belief, emotion, and consciousness: Entering the game” 192
The relation between belief and object of belief 196
On the attitude of belief without object of belief 196
Optimism and movement 199
The joy of playing and preparation of the future 201
13. Indeterminacy: Luck 203
The pragmatic stake of preparatory “play” 204
“Unproducibility”: Indeterminacy factor par excellence 204
Luck: Leader of a semantic series 206
Luck has to be earned 208
Personal luck: Private games with internal sanctions 209
Playing alone 211
Once againy belief without belief content 211
From internal sanction to uncertainty 212
.. . and from uncertainty to relational causality 213
Luck in hunting: Its collective side and its personal side 214
Luck in all its aspects: Spatial, dynamic, and material 216
The association of love with the hunters luck 219
Luck materialized and shared 220
How equivalent are playing and hunting? 221
Femininity of luck-source entities 222
. . . their masculinization and their humanization 223
A neestors: dispensers ofgrace 22 4
Ancestral grace kept for oneself 225
Is there a correlation between the masculinity of the
giving figures and safety? 226
Other private lucks: Multipurposey blurry, and without
a giving figure 226
Luck: An obstacle to the wielding of power 227
Luck: A counterpower tool 229
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xi
14. Strategy: Cunning 231
Dissimulation 232
Active cunning 234
Cunning on the threshold of thefield of flay” 234
From cunning in games to deception beyond the game 235
The ‘effect” of clever play on reality or the measure
of intelligence 236
Does the shaman use cunning? 238
The bedrock of selection 239
Loyalty toward the spirits of wild species 240
The spirits of wild species cannot be deceived 242
Imbecility of dead human souls (and other deities) 242
The porous border between cunning and deception 244
15. The social and political repercussions:
Redistribution and hierarchization 247
Luck: Crossovers between selection and redistribution 247
The shamanic ritual: Double selective distribution
of materialized luck 248
Individual luck supporting the common interest 249
The materiality of luck: A requisite for selection
and redistribution 250
Other ways of combining selection and distribution,
other games 251
Is redistribution a source of power? 252
Access to power through redistribution of material goods 253
Redistribution of immaterial goods: From luck to providence 255
Economic liberalism, ecology, and resorting to play 256
Obtaining power through competition 257
From competition to ranking 258
. . . and from ranking to the centralization of power 260
16. The privilege of virility 263
A sanctioned and directed act 264
Mechanical model, sexual model: Cross-metaphors 265
The ritual staging of gender cooperation 267
Xll
WHY WE PLAY
From game with sanction to political power:
An irresistible spread 268
On the relation between virile and virtual 270
Terrestrial or transcendent^ power is virile and feminizes
the dominated 274
From husband to father 27 S
On the usefulness of movement and distance 276
. * . and on the interdependence of dynamism and alterity 277
17. Taking advantage of the gap: Margin and metaphor 279
Margin as a functional condition 280
Metaphor as a structuring condition 281
Metaphorical structuring: A tool of thought 282
Metaphorical structuring as a fictional creation 283
A brief answer to some criticisms of the concept of metaphor 284
The experientialfoundation of metaphorical structuring 285
“The partial nature of metaphorical structuring 286
Constraints of metaphorical structuring 286
Alterity at the very basis of metaphorical structuring 288
From the standpoint of play 289
From the standpoint of belief 289
Realization 290
Play and rite, game and sport in the light of metaphor
and margin 292
In Conclusion 295
Bibliography 303
Index of Names 339
ANTHROPOLOGY
Whether it’s childhood make-believe, the theater, sports, or even market speculation, play is one of
humanity’s seemingly purest activities: a form of entertainment anil leisure and a chance to explore the
world and its possibilities in an imagined environment or construct. But as Roberts Hamayon shows
in this book, play has implications that go even further than that. Kxploring plays many dimensions,
she offers an insightful look at why play has become so ubiquitous across human cultures.
1 lamayon begins by zeroing in on Mongolia and Siberia, where communities host national holiday
games similar to the Olympics. Within these events I lamayon explores the performance of ethical
values and local identity, and then she draws her analysis into larger ideas and examinations of the
* I , 0
spectrum of play activities as they can exist in an) culture. She explores facets of play such as learning,
interaction, emotion, strategy, luck, and belief, and she emphasizes the crucial ambiguity between
fiction and reality that i1- at the heart of play as a phenomenon. Revealing how consistent and coherent
play is, she ultimately shows it as a unique modality of action that serves an invaluable role in the
human experience
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hamayon, Roberte 1939- |
| author2 | Simon, Damien Puett, Michael J. 1964- |
| author2_role | trl aui |
| author2_variant | d s ds m j p mj mjp |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1035213648 (DE-588)173484948 |
| author_facet | Hamayon, Roberte 1939- Simon, Damien Puett, Michael J. 1964- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Hamayon, Roberte 1939- |
| author_variant | r h rh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043684391 |
| classification_rvk | LB 61000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)921866024 (DE-599)BVBBV043684391 |
| dewey-full | 790 |
| dewey-hundreds | 700 - The arts |
| dewey-ones | 790 - Recreational and performing arts |
| dewey-raw | 790 |
| dewey-search | 790 |
| dewey-sort | 3790 |
| dewey-tens | 790 - Recreational and performing arts |
| discipline | Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| edition | Enlarged edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043684391 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:32:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780986132568 098613256X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029097205 |
| oclc_num | 921866024 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | xix, 343 Seiten 1 Karte |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Hau Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hamayon, Roberte 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1035213648 aut Jouer Why we play an anthropological study Roberte Hamayon ; translated by Damien Simon ; foreword by Michael Puett Enlarged edition Chicago Hau Books [2016] xix, 343 Seiten 1 Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd rswk-swf Spiel (DE-588)4056218-9 gnd rswk-swf Spiel (DE-588)4056218-9 s Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 s DE-604 Simon, Damien trl Puett, Michael J. 1964- (DE-588)173484948 aui SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029097205&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029097205&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029097205&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Hamayon, Roberte 1939- Why we play an anthropological study Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd Spiel (DE-588)4056218-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078931-7 (DE-588)4056218-9 |
| title | Why we play an anthropological study |
| title_alt | Jouer |
| title_auth | Why we play an anthropological study |
| title_exact_search | Why we play an anthropological study |
| title_full | Why we play an anthropological study Roberte Hamayon ; translated by Damien Simon ; foreword by Michael Puett |
| title_fullStr | Why we play an anthropological study Roberte Hamayon ; translated by Damien Simon ; foreword by Michael Puett |
| title_full_unstemmed | Why we play an anthropological study Roberte Hamayon ; translated by Damien Simon ; foreword by Michael Puett |
| title_short | Why we play |
| title_sort | why we play an anthropological study |
| title_sub | an anthropological study |
| topic | Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd Spiel (DE-588)4056218-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ethnologie Spiel |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029097205&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029097205&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029097205&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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