Archeologija bez granic: kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders
Археология без границ коллекции, проблемы, исследования, гипотезы
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
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Sankt-Peterburg
Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž
2015
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| Schriftenreihe: | Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža
77 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 557 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9785935726218 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
SUMMARIES
Ilya Akhmedov
WHIPS FROM THE RYAZAN—OKA TOMBS. NEW DATA
The object of the study is whips with metal parts which were retrieved from sites associ-
ated witii Ryazan Finns, the westernmost group of Volga Finns in Eastern Europe in the
1st millennium AD. Some of the finds have been explored previously; however, some newly
available data have motivated us to revisit this topic.
Two types of whips have been identified. Type 1A whips, dating to the mid- to late
4th century, had handles wrapped with bronze plates, and a line with beads serving as weights
(burials 59 Ml and 80 Ml, Korablino).
The lines of Type IB whips (late 4th — early 5th century) carried plaques typical of belt
sets (Shatrishchensky, P. Efimenko’s excavations (Burial 40 and the 1921 finds), Prinoshchenie,
Gaverdovsky Gravesite). A study conducted by M.I. Kolosova (State Hermitage) showed two
Type IB whips to be made of maple wood (Acer sp». y /.), which was sometimes used for whip
handles in Ancient Rus. Type 1 may be linked with late Sarmatian prototypes and analogues
and has some Hun and Alan parallels dating from the Great Migration period. The author
describes the subsequent development of the “Late Sarmatian” design and identifies the key
features of the “Hun” whips. The presence of whips replicating the Roman flagrum (flagellum)
design among early Slavic finds dating from Kievan culture enables the author to link the ori-
gins of such whips with the possible Roman influence on the formation of elite status symbols
in Eastern Europe in the 3rd and 4th centuries.
Type 2 whips have wooden handles wrapped with a bronze ribbon (Burial 5/145, Nikitinsky
Gravesite; Burial 95, Borok 2 Gravesite) and date from the 5th — 7th centuries AD. These
whips were probably manufactured locally as the known parallels are attributed to different
The recovery of the whips from tombs suggests that whips were regarded as symbols of
power among local leaders. This hypothesis is confirmed by the evidence of special signifi-
cance of the whip to the population of the Eurasian steppes.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Leonid Babenko
THE GOLD PLAQUE WITH A SPIDER DESIGN FROM THE KHARKOV
HISTORICAL MUSEUM
Gold plate appliques with spider designs have been retrieved from ftve Scythian burials and
may be subdivided into two types. The rectangular openwork plaques which represent a spider and
a fly (sometimes bee or wasp) confronting each other were obtained from the Melitopol Mound,
543
SUMMARIES
Mound 4 near VLdimirovka Village and Burial 4 of the Vishneva Grave. The other two burials
(in Oguz and Alexandropol) were found to contain two round plaques representing spiders.
The Kharkov Historical Museum preserved another round gold plaque with a spider design
of unknown origin, acquired before World War II.
Despite the absence of specific representational traditions, the spider design may have
been regarded in the Scythian environment as an apotropaion intended to protect the body
and soul of the deceased. The discovery of a different variety of stamp as well as a new com-
plex, sixth in succession, demonstrates the deepening integration of this image in the mentality
of the population of the Black Sea steppes during the 4th century BC.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Marina Vakhtina
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE FEMALE DEITY ON THE SILVER DISH
FROM THE CHERTOMLYK MOUND
The article studies the iconography of the female deity represented on the silver dish from
a feast set found in the north-west chamber of the famous Chertomlyk Scythian mound.
A.Yu. Alexeev, following an in-depth study of the mound structure and the objects recovered,
described the set of dishes as “the nucleus” of the Chertomlyk complex and dated it by 350/340—
320 BC. The image of a female figure ending in volutes (a.k.a. Rankenfrau) is located below the
handles of the dish. This type of design is common in Greece, Italy and Asia Minor and can be
seen on artefacts from “royal” and aristocratic barbarian burials in the Northern Black Sea area.
The Rankenfrau on the Chertomlyk dish can be easily identified with synchronous objects
commonly found on the territory sharing Greek culture. On the other hand, the image displays
some unusual and unique features such as the headdress and the “root system” in the lower
part, which do not occur on any of the known synchronous artefacts.
Like many other images found on the best samples of the so-called Greco-Scythian toreutics,
the Rankenfrau design can be logically linked to the development of a certain peripheral branch
of ancient art. However, objects created by Greek artisans for the barbarian elite require careful
analysis of more complex iconographic (and, possibly, semantic) characteristics than those pres-
ent in the images and compositions originating from other areas of the ancient world.
Hanna Vertiienko
Translated by Natalia Magnes
ARROW- THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE TERM AND ARCHAEOLOGY
The article discusses the Young Avestan terms arazazi- and ayhu- used for determination
of the weapon of deities-spirits jravashi- in Yasht 13. 45, 46. Respectively, the term ayhu-
designates “the bone strip for shoulders of a composite bow”, and arazazi- is a metaphor
of “arrow” figuratively expressed as “battle snake”, which is similar to the ideas of Scythian
“arrows-snakes” proposed by A.Yu. Alexeev. This metaphorical image of an arrow allows
allocating a basic semantic line — an identification of arrows with snakes and poison. In addi-
tion the article gives an analysis of the Young Avestan lexis connected with the terminology
of arrows and reveals the wide range of its differentiation. New semantic interpretations and
additions are offered for several terms.
Translated by Hanna Hertiienko
544
I
SUMMARIES
Nadezhda Gavriliuk, Nikolay Timchenko
THE PECTORAL FROM THE TOLSTAYA MOGILA MOUND AS AN OBJECT
AND TOOL OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
The article presents twelve commentaries on the visual text of the pectoral retrieved from
the Tolstaya Mogila Mound (TMP). The TMP structure and architecture are described in terms
of Late Classic architectural concepts- The authors provide an analysis of the figurative com-
ponents, structural and rhythmical sequences of the TMP as well as the semantics of its mini-
sculptures. The repetitive nature, the soft logic, the nature and methods of expression of the
upper, lower and middle haut-reliefs are studied.
Guided by the content of the myths about the first kings of the first Ancient Iranian
dynasty and Shahnameh, the authors maintain that the TMP as an object of Greek-Scythian-
Iranian-Asia Minor culture represents the Hellenistic and Ancient Iranian understanding
of the idyllic Gold Age on the earth under the rule of the wise and just brothers Hushang
and Tahmuras.
The upper frieze of the TMP depicts a peaceful and prosperous land with numerous
offspring of cattle, yet is completely unrelated to Nowruz celebrations. The epic picture
of the pectoral was modernised by later Scythian folklore, built and “constructed” owing
partly to Bosporan toreutics.
The authors pay particular attention to the interpretation of the TMP as a faravahar.
A detailed study of the pectoral makes it possible to construe its upper, middle and lower
semi-friezes as parts of the left and right wings of the faravahar. The first and fourth twines
on the pectoral mark the boundaries of the sacred ring symbolising the sun. The use of gold
further suggests that the pectoral is linked with sun worship. The friezes depict domestic
and wild animals, the typical subjects of Achaemenid art. The cost of the TMP grave goods
is estimated at ~14 kg of silver, i.e. 26—32 minas; this amount was enough to buy from nine
to sixteen slaves in Athens.
One important aspect of the discourse is the diplomatic version suggested by A. Yu. Alexeev
in 1984. The TMP is seen as one of several diplomatic presents found during the excavations
of aristocratic burials dating to the 4th century BC (the comb from Solokha, TMP, the set
of Chertomlyk ceremonial weapons). It has been suggested that the exchange of gifts could
be associated with giving and receiving diplomatic presents or with the common practice
of tribute paid by sedentary states to the surrounding nomads. The results enable us to adopt
a discursive approach to decoding the non-verbal text of the TMP.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Marina Daragan
PRE-SCYTHIAN AND EARLY SCYTHIAN ARROWHEADS:
MANUFACTURING, METROLOGY AND MARKINGS
The article presents a detailed description of arrowheads from several pre-Scythian and
Scythian quiver sets, specifying their weight, the presence of any signs or markings and the
production technology. The heads of two- and three-blade arrows were found to vary in shape
and weight; arrowhead markings also differed depending on the chronological period. Casting
545
SUMMARIES
methods in any given period varied within the same area. The choice of technology (Le. casting
into clay, stone or metal moulds or using disposable wax models) was determined by perfor-
mance requirements. Being produced in great numbers, arrowheads were supposed to have the
same weight, at least in the area of production. Arrowheads also had to be ready-to-use and
were not expected to require any subsequent touch-up.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Irina Zasetskaya
THE MYSTERY OF THE GOLD CUP FROM THE DISTURBED BURIAL
NEAR MIGULINSKAYA STANITSA
The gold cup with a zoomorphic handle from Migulinskaya Stanitsa is a ritual vessel as-
sociated with the Sarmatian culture of the 1st century AD. The Greek inscription on the cup
may cast some light on its origins. It is a phrase composed of two proper names, Xebanocus
and Turulas, the verb made, a sign meaning gold and the number 48, which is interpreted as
“Turulus made a gold cup for Xebanocus”.
The Thracian origin of the name Turulus led some authors to believe that the cup had
been manufactured in one of the cities of the Bosporan Kingdom. Researchers’ opinions also
divided over the synchronicity of both names and the identity of Xebanocus. The translation
by S.R. Tokhtasyev, an acclaimed expert in Greek epigraphies, suggests that Turulas is the
name of the Thracian artisan who made and marked the cup; the second name, Iranian in ori-
gin, means “endowed with royal splendour” and belonged to a Sarmatian nobleman, possibly
of royal descent, that had commissioned the goblet. The handle (executed in the Sarmatian
polychrome animal style) and the decorative belt technique, similar to that used in some Asian
antiquities, give some ground to suppose that the cup may have been produced in the Ancient
East, possibly in Bactria.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Askold Ivanchik
ARROWHEADS RETRIEVED DURING THE KELAINAI/APAMEIA SURVEYS
(SOUTH PHRYGIA)
The article describes bronze and iron arrowheads obtained during surveys in Kelainai/
Apameia, Phrygia (modem Dinar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey). Most of them are socketed ar-
rowheads made of bronze and originating from the cultural tradition of the Eurasian steppes.
The earliest two arrowheads may date from the 7th century BC; one of these (a bronze tanged
arrowhead) is older; the arrowheads are linked with the pre-Achaemenid period in the town’s
history. Most arrowheads have three blades and diamond- or lancet-shaped fletchings and can
be broadly dated to the period between the 7th and 2nd centuries BC.
Other arrowheads fall in a narrower date range (later than the second half of the 6th cen-
tury BC). These include six three-blade arrowheads with triangular fletchings, one three-face
arrowhead and five two-blade arrowheads with a short shaft and laurel-leaf shaped fletchings
with a noticeable flare in the lower part. Most probably, they were used in hostilities during
the time of Alexander the Great or the Diadochi.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
546
SUMMARIES
Maya Kashuba
EARLY SCYTHIAN CREMATIONS IN THE KRUGLIK GRAVESITE
(MIDDLE DNIESTER)
The article explores the cultural diversity of Archaic Scythia, with a focus on previously un-
known materials recovered from the gravesite near Kruglik Village (Middle Dniester). The out-
line of Structure 1 and pottery from complexes 1—3 are being published. The materials indicate
that the cremations were performed on the site and followed by inhumation. The reconstruc-
tion of ritual actions (the building of a special pad; a fixed order of sacrifice pits; the funer-
ary food in a vessel; the overlying layer of clay and the dispersed cremated remains; the final
pyre and funerary feast) suggests that the complexes performed commemorative and funerary
functions. Judging by a number of archaic features, the pottery from cremations 1—3 is of lo-
cal origin and may date back from the period between the late 8th and early 7th century BC.
Our study has enabled us to identify a new type of sepulchres with local burial practices among
the West Podolsk group of early Scythian sites. The Kruglik finds yet again call our attention to
the question about the exact time when the bearers of the early Scythian complex first appeared
in the Middle Dniester area, which should be fairly similar to the situation in Dnieper Ukraine.
Translated by 'Natalia Magnes
Vladimir Kisel
ON TWO EPISODES FROM SCYTHIAN HISTORY IN HERODOTUS’ WORK
The article presents an analysis of two key episodes from Herodotus’ The Histories: the
return of the Scythians from the campaign in Asia Minor and the origins of the Savromats
(Hdt. 4. 1—4; 110—117). It is concluded that these episodes are independent novellas. The first
story was based on a number of folk and literary motifs frequently occurring in epics. The sec-
ond goes back to an ancient myth significantly modified by literary sources. The accounts
of both episodes follow the Greek tradition and cannot be linked with Scythian folklore.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Elena Korolkova
ON IMAGINARY ANIMAL STYLE DESIGNS IN PETER THE GREAT’S
SIBERIAN COLLECTION: MISTAKES CORRECTED
Exploration of the Scythian-Siberian animal style is a difficult task aggravated by the ab-
sence of much crucial data on this art phenomenon itself, on the mentality of the artists, the
origins and dating and even the initial appearance of certain works, which may be far from
the ideal state of preservation due to their age and circumstances. In this context, it should
be assumed that some objects may have undergone a certain amount of reconstruction.
Unfortunately, reconstruction is not immune to errors, often curious, which must be identi-
fied and corrected as part of research activities addressing museum collections. The article
reviews M.P. Zavitukhina’s reconstruction of an imaginary beast of prey with deer horns
depicted on one of the items from Peter the Great’s Siberian collection; the reconstruction
547
SUMMARIES
was based on a watercolour made in the 1730s to record objects held by the Kunstkamera.
The water colourist showed ancient gold ornaments lying on top of others in a disorderly
manner, which caused the researcher to mistake parts of one artefact for another. As a result,
the reconstructed pro tome of the animal acquired horns which initially belonged to a differ-
ent design on a different object.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Tatiana Kuznetsova
A SILVER KYLIX FROM THE SOLOKHA MOUND
AND SOME ASPECTS OF SCYTHIAN CHRONOLOGY
The article studies all known silver kylikes, determines some trends in their chronological
distribution and clarifies the date of the central grave in the Solokha Mound.
Kylikes can be segregated into two groups dating to different periods by the belt surround-
ing the decorative medallions.
Group 1 objects (recovered from Semibratny (Seven Brothers) Mounds 4 and 2, Maly
Semibratny Mound and a Thracian grave near Chernozem Village) have a plain belt and date
back to 470-4-60 BC. Objects from Group 2, carrying a belt with plant decor (those retrieved
from Semibratny Mound 6, the Thracian tombs in Bashova Mogila and near Kapinovo Village
plus three objects of unknown place of recovery) date from 440-430 BC.
The solar wheel pattern on the medallion of the Solokha kylix is surrounded by a plain belt,
which enables us to date it by the second quarter of the 5th century BC at the latest. The small
diameter of the medallion is related to ancient coins carrying a similar design which had been
known since the 6th century BC (first decades of the 5th century BC in the Northern Black Sea
area); this places the kylix in the second quarter of the 5th century BC at the latest The revised
dating of the kylix increased the number of early objects in the central Solokha grave and made
it possible to refine the dating system used in Scythian studies which is frequently based on little
more than researchers’ personal views of objects used as chronological points of reference.
The suggestion that there was no major time gap between the earlier and later burials
of Scythian noblemen led researchers to believe that the early Solokha grave may date from
the turn of the 5th and 4th century BC although no items unequivocally pointing at this pe-
riod were recovered from the burial and the analogues obtained from the burials of the late
5th — 4th century BC and the 4th century BC have a very distant likeness to the Solokha finds
in terms of subject and composition.
The goods from the early Solokha grave place the burial within the first decades of the latter
half of the 5th century BC (~ 450-4-30 BC) as the objects may have been in long use.
Further investigations are required to clarify the chronological position of the mound.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Natalia Limberis, Ivan Marchenko
ON DIPPERS WITH PROTRUDING HANDLES FROM MEOT SITES
IN THE KUBAN AREA
The study presents the typology and chronology of Meot dippers (4th century BC) with
protruding horizontal handles. Six types of dippers can be identified based on the shape
548
SUMMARIES
of the vessel body. Most dippers were retrieved from burials containing amphorae, which
makes it possible to identify the chronological framework for the different types and use them
as independent dating material.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Vladimir Maslov
A DESIGN WITH NOMADS FROM KALALY-GYR 2 AND ITS CULTURAL
AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
A horn object decorated with an action scene was recovered from the Kalaly-Gyr 2 temple
complex in Khwarazm, located in the southern part of the delta of the Amu-Daria near
Lake Sarygamysh (now Turkmenistan Republic). At present, the earliest analogues include
the finds from the Xiongnu sites in the Trans-Baikal district and Mongolia. These items may
have served as containers for small objects or free-flowing substances, which is confirmed
by the use of horn objects of similar shape and production method in the Late Middle Ages.
The object carries a design made up of two parts — a horseman slaying a feline predator
with an arrow and a leader/deity sitting with legs tucked under him. Irrespective of the details,
the design may be confidently interpreted as religious.
The dating of the Kalaly-Gyr find was based on iconographic parallels and real-life objects
similar to those represented in the scene. Parts of the horseman’s costume have analogues
among a number of images originating from the eastern Iranian world, e.g. the design on the
carpet from Pazyryk Mound 5 and the gold belt buckles from Peter the Great’s Siberian col-
lection. The Kalaly-Gyr object displays some elements which are positively associated with the
Xiongnu-Han antiquities, namely, the horseman’s gorytos and the large tassel hanging from
the side of the horse.
The combination of post-Achaemenid and Hellenistic features, the Xiongnu objects de-
picted and the Xiongnu analogues place the origin of the Kalaly-Gyr find in the late 2nd — early
1 st century BC.
It may be suggested with reasonable certainty that the horn container from Kalaly-Gyr was
made in Khwarazm, possibly by a bone carver, wood carver or jeweller. Its presence among
the finds recovered from the temple complex may only be explained by the fact that some new
ethnicity practicing cattle breeding appeared in the Khwarazm oasis around the time of the fall
of the Greek-Bactrian kingdom and almost immediately integrated in the political structure of the
Khwarazm state. The discovery in Eastern Siberia of a burial containing two silver dishes from
Khwarazm helps us trace the district from which the first wave of nomads advanced to Khwarazm.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Sergey Makhortykh
ON ONE TYPE OF BRIDLE PLAQUES DATING FROM THE 5TH CENTURY BC
(BLACK SEA SCYTHIA)
The article studies one type of bronze plaques (5th century BC) common to Scythia (Black
Sea area). The plaques fall into two groups: the first includes plaques shaped like a paw of a fe-
line predator; the second comprises items in the shape of a human hand. All the plaques are
near-rectangular and have two segments — one smooth and narrower, the other wider, with
549
i
SUMMARIES
five refief digits tightly pressed together. The objects differ in size, surface refief, the presence
of an opposable thumb and modelled nails.
Group 1 plaques (over 40 items) were common in the 2nd and/or 3rd quarter of the
5th century BC in the zone between the Volga Region in the east and Central Europe in the
west; the centre of the zone was located in the forest steppe area of the left-bank Dnieper val-
ley (Vorskla River basin in particular). In contrast, Group 2 plaques (16 items) mainly originat-
ed from the area of the Sula River, the steppes of the Northern Black Sea area and Northern
Caucasus. They were mostly in use in the last quarter — end of the 5th century BC or even
the first decades of the 4th century BC.
Both groups are products of the local art system and are related to Scythian culture.
Group 1 plaques find their sources in the depictions of feline predators with digits on front
paws pressed together (frequendy found in the Black Sea area), while the spread of Group 2
plaques is related to the growing anthropomorphisation of Scythian art under the influence
of external and internal factors, first and foremost ancient cultural traditions.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Rafael Minasyan
“THE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE” ON VIKING METAL JEWELLERY
Seventh- to twelfth-century Scandinavian jewellery is decorated with stylised patterns, an-
thropomorphic and animal designs which may be linked with mythological symbols, yet most-
ly remain anonymous. In fact, these decorative elements and geometrical figures represent
the real images of the unreal world. Most Scandinavian and Germanic jewellery, irrespective
of their style or technique, use a limited number of compositional schemes and the same
key elements in their décor. It is quite obvious that Germanic artisans followed specific rules
in their treatment of non-genre and non-abstract subjects, where each image had a universally
recognisable meaning.
The visual arts of the pre-Christian Germanic tribes are commonly identified with the ani-
mal style. However, no animal, human or plant images usually appear on the jewellery of that
period — just mythological characters and objects associated with the creation and destruction
of the universe. The artisans depicted the House of Wodan (Odin), Heaven, the World Tree
and the Earth surrounded by the mythological characters, roots of the World Tree, possibly
scenes of the destruction of the world. None of these structural features or mythological
attributes is present on the jewellery of any other European ethnicities.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Sergey Polin
ON THE CHRONOLOGY OF THASOS BRANDS
OF THE 4TH CENTURY BC
The currently accepted typology and chronology of Thasos amphora brands summarised
in I. Garlands works was developed by several generations of Russian and international histo-
rians. A number of amendments and corrections regarding the composition and the dating
of magistrate groups were introduced by VI. Kats. The existing chronology of Thasos brands
550
SUMMARIES
is primarily based on the typology correlated with the materials of amphora workshops which
were explored on Thasos Island. The discovery of synchronous amphora workshops in Thasos
in the 1970s and 1980s provided some information which helped to establish the relative se-
quence of earlier and later magistrates. However, no absolute dates for either the workshops
or specific eponyms could be determined. The names of the magistrates for each of the work-
shops and the presence or absence of specific personalities among them (serving as the basis
for the chronological distribution of the magistrates) were also determined fairly arbitrarily as
just five workshops were partially excavated to an indeterminate extent, and around a dozen
were only superficially explored. Such samples are hardly sufficient to make reliable conclusions
on the identities of the magistrates and their temporal sequence, or to identify or exclude acci-
dental names. This causes legitimate doubts among researchers concerning the suggested dates.
A more reliable source to establish the timing of Thasos brands in the Northern Black Sea
area is amphorae from Scythian mound burials and burial feasts, where Thasos brands are of-
ten present in combination with brands from other centres, especially Heraclea Pontica. Such
combined finds provide a more precise dating for a number of early and late Thasos eponyms
based on V.I. Kats’s most recent chronology of Heraclean brands, currently the most reliable
and accurate for this period.
For several Scythian mounds, the synchronicity of Thasos brands from the F I, F-2, G-l
and G-2 groups was established between 380 and 350 BC, although the chronology suggested
by I. Garlan and V.I. Kats places them between 360 and 334 BC. The increased concentration
of Thasos magistrates in the first half of the century may suggest that amphora branding in
Thasos was performed annually by groups of magistrates, each with their own name brand,
at least during the first half of the 4th century BC. No date, are available on branding types
used in the later period. Essentially, this idea is not new: it underlies I. Garlands hypothesis
(supported by VI. Kats) regarding the synchronicity of E-2 and D brands as well as the first
several years of group F brands.
The recoveries from the Scythian mounds also confirm the earlier beginning of “late”
Thasos branding, placed in about 350 BC. The earliest group of “late” Thasos magistrates
can be reliably established to include Cleitus (before 350 BC); Deialkos, Aretion, Krinius,
Timarchides, Herophon (between 350 and 345 BC), whose brands have only been found
on biconical amphorae; Herakleitos, Telephanes-II, Kleophon-I, Eualcidas, Telemachus and
Aristotle in 345—340 BC as their brands were present on bi- and late conical amphorae as well
as re-engraved brand stamps.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Tatiana Riabkova
THE EARLY IRON AGE SETTLEMENT IN TARASOVA BALKA,
TRANS-KUBAN REGION (PRELIMINARY PUBLICATION)
The article presents the first-ever study of the materials recovered from the Tarasova
Balka site, which was recently discovered in the south-east Trans-Kuban Region. The settle-
ment is located just off the Division Kurgans, one of which (the First Division Kurgan,
or Kostromskoy Kurgan) is an epitomic archaic Scythian site. The impressive materials ob-
tained at the early stages of the excavations in Tarasova Balka suggest that the settlement
may have served as a manufacturing centre. The active functioning of the settlement, judging
551
SUMMARIES
by the age of the ancient vessels, refers to the second half of the 7th — 6th century BC.
The numerous fragments of antique pottery retrieved from the area indicate robust trade
with a yet undefined polis, by means of which tare vessels arrived in the settlement A Late
Bronze Age arrowhead and a three-loop psalium obtained from the site show that the setde-
ment may have been active during an earlier period- The transition of the settlement from the
Late Bronze to Early Bronze Age is characterised by multiple archaic features in the forms and
techniques of pottery decoration associated with the Kobiakovo culture of the final Bronze
culture (Kuban)- Along with the vessels, whose decor is similar in shape and techniques
to Proto- and Early Meot pottery found in the North-West Caucasus, the recoveries include
clay vessels similar to West-Koban artefacts. The fragments of dishes, analogous to the finds
made across Ciscaucasia, Transcaucasia, the Dnieper and Bug valleys demonstrate connections
with the population of these remote areas.
Translated by 'Natalia Magnes
Tatiana Senichenkova
A NEARLY FORGOTTEN COLLECTION FROM N.E. BRANDENBURG’S
EXCAVATIONS
The article investigates the history of a collection of materials obtained by N.E. Branden-
burg in 1897 from the gravesite in Pasils (Pasilsciems) in Courland (modern Latvia). For some
reason, published reviews of Brandenburg’s archaeological work fail to mention his excava-
tions in the Baltic area. Nevertheless, his Pasils finds, currently held in the Hermitage, State
Historical Museum and a number of museums in Latvia (in Riga, Ventspils, Jelgava) are of
great interest to develop our understanding of the material culture of the Curonian ethnicities
and deserve a full-length monograph.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Sergey Skory
ON A GROUP OF CULT BURIALS IN SCYTHIA
The article provides some data on a male Scythian burial with a fairly interesting rite un-
covered on Ailianma-Kaya Mount in the Central Crimea and dating from the second half
of the 5th century BC. Along with weapons dating from the 5th century BC, the grave goods
included an archaic sword (second half of the 7th — first half of the 6th century BC); what
is even more important, the head of the deceased was replaced with the head of a ram.
The burial rite of this and three other earlier Scythian graves where human heads were
replaced with ram heads (male grave No 145, Svetlovodsky Gravesite, Kirovograd Region;
a double burial in one of the mounds near Nikopol, Dnepropetrovsk Region) enables us to
identify among the Scythian burial antiquities of the 5th — 6th century BC a small group of rit-
ual burials related to the spread of the khvarenah cult, widely known in the Iranian world and
among Scythians. The cult is based on the beliefs about the emanation of the sun, heavenly
fire, glowing vital force transferred to humans and divine grace, which are closely linked with
the ideology of the sacred royal power. This cult was symbolised by various birds and animals,
most often the ram.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
552
SUMMARIES
Elena Stepanova
HUN-SARMATIAN SADDLES
Hun-Sarmatian horse gear is extremely diverse. Scythian pad-saddles remained popular until
the 2nd century, when new types of pad-saddles began to emerge (Roman and Parthian saddles).
The turn of the eras saw the advent of the saddles with wooden pommels. These used
cushions of Scythian pad-saddles as saddle shelves; pommels were tied to the top of semi-
circular supports. Such saddles can be termed semi-hard, in contrast to hard saddles with
a full saddle-tree. The earliest pommels were retrieved from Xiongnu sites (Tsaram, Noin-
Ula); however, semi-hard saddles did not become the predominant type until the 3rd cen-
tury. The most common type of saddle had a semi-circular pommel. Wooden pommels and
models of such saddles as well as their depictions have been found in China, Kirghizia,
Kazakhstan, Europe and North Africa. In the 4th to 6th centuries saddles with tall U-shaped
pommels and stirrups, believed to have been invented by the Xianbei, were widespread in
China, Korea and Japan. These saddles normally had metal plates on the pommels and
supports and were mostly used for military purposes. Early fifth- to early sixth-century
European saddles with semi-circular pommels had sets of plates, similarly to Asian saddles
with U-shaped pommels.
The first saddles with saddle-trees (invented in the second half of the 6th century at the
earliest) were Turkic in origin and replicated in wood the semi-hard saddles of the previous
period.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Sergey Tokhtasyev
SINDS AND SCYTHIANS
The author analyses Sindic onomastic data (place- and personal names as well as theonyms).
The analysis points to the heterogenous character of the Sindic population in the era of Greek
colonization and the times of the Bosporan kingdom. The basis of the Sindic population
was provided by the local north-western Caucasian communities. Part of the personal names,
including those belonging to the high society, are Iranian, and belong to the new-comers
Iranians, who seized control of the lands in the 7th century BC. These conclusions agree with
archaeological observations.
Translated by Sergey Tokhtasyev
Elena Fialko
THE SCYTHIAN AMAZONS AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT
IN MILITARY CONFLICTS
Reports about the Amazons go back to Antiquity. Female warriors were frequently rep-
resented in ancient literature and visual arts. Both archaeological sources and art tradition
recorded the presence of female warriors among the nomads of the Northern Black Sea area
in the early Iron Age. Over 130 burials of armed women, who represent five social strata but
are mostly of middle-class origin, have been discovered on the territory of European Scythia.
The question about the direct involvement of Scythian women in war conflicts remains open
553
SUMMARIES
until today. However, the injuries commonly occurring among Amazons (lacerations on skulls
and limbs, limb fractures and arrow wounds) are obviously of military origin, suggesting
that Scythian women did participate in hostilities along with men. For this reason, Scythian
Amazons were buried through the same rite as Scythian warriors and, moreover, with personal
weapons.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Konstantin Chugunov
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY NOMAD CULTURES
IN KAZAKHSTAN AND THE SAYAN-ALTAI AREA
(TENTATIVE PROBLEM STATEMENT)
The article gives a general overview of the process of formation of the Scythian-Saki
type complexes in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Paleoclimatological data suggest that the
turn of the 2nd — 1st millennium BC was a period of ecological crisis that stimulated migra-
tion from inner territories. On the basis of this fact, A. Tairov assumed that there have been
two subsequent waves of migration to the territory of Kazakhstan. Having left Begazy-
Dandybay cultures of the Late Bronze Age, the local population played a leading role in the
region, being a mediator between the steppe and forest-steppe zones and agricultural cen-
ters in Southern Middle Asia. Their economy was based on outrun cattle breeding and
control of copper and tin mining and transportation. They played a significant role in the
formation of early nomadic complex and formed its base. The concept relies on several
points: presumption of peaceful coexistence and contacts of several cultural traditions on
one territory and denial of possibility of the tradition of tin bronze metallurgy having been
spread from Central and Eastern Kazakhstan. The presence of other recipes of metal can
be used as a marker of inflow of new population, whose traditions were formed outside the
Kazakhstan region of bronze metallurgy. Migrants, having spread onto new territory, that
was rich in tin, absorbed local metallurgic traditions quite rapidly. Migrants of the first wave
in Tuva and Minusinskaya didn't have local tradition of tin ligature, which can be explained
by the fact that the links between the Sayan-Altai region and the Altai were weak and indirect
during the Arzhan and Podgornovsky stages. Tin bronzes were spread in Tuva as a result
of the second wave of migration from Kazakhstan that might have come through the Altai,
which at that time was inhabited by the representatives of Bijken culture that was geneti-
cally connected with Begazy-Dandybay culture. In the Middle Yenisei tin bronzes are a part
of Saragashensky traditions that may also be connected with late Begazy-Dandybay culture
of Central Kazakhstan.
Translated by Konstantin Chugunov
Irina Shramko
HORN BOW TIPS FROM THE WEST BILSK SITE
The article is a first-ever study of two objects obtained during the excavation on the west-
ern fortifications of the Bilsk site (in the forest steppe area of the left-bank Dnieper valley).
Both items are executed in the Scythian animal style, are similar in shape and function and
may have been used as bow tips. Both are made in the shape of the heads of birds of prey
554
SUMMARIES
(one tip is a workpiece, the other a finished work). The tips also carry two smaller carved
images — a curled-up panther and a hare. While the panther is a common image in Early
Scythian art, no realistic full-size depictions of a hare have been discovered so far on objects
dating from the 7th — 6th centuries BC. The known bone and horn objects of similar pur-
pose can be divided into three major groups which differ in their modelling techniques and
composition, yet are very similar in size. The study also provides evidence for the fact that
horn bow tips, like other horn and bone items retrieved from the site, including art objects,
were manufactured by local artisans.
Translated by Natalia Magnes
Peter Shulga, Daniil Shulga
THE EARLY SCYTHIAN GRAVESITE OF SAENSAI,
NEAR URUMCHI
The territory of Dzungaria (North Xinjiang, China) adjacent to Kazakhstan and the
Altai Mountains was home to a Saka-like culture during the Early Iron Age. This area is un-
derstudied archaeologically, so the discovery and exploration of a new early Scythian nomad
gravesite near Urumchi is of particular interest. In 19S8 the Saensai Gravesite was found
to contain over 200 mound burials dating back to different periods and located in three
chains. Over eleven mounds refer to the Early Scythian period; the layouts and descriptions
of eight mounds have been published. Five mounds comprised a circular stonework struc-
ture in the centre (6—9 m in diameter, 0.5—0.7 m in height), surrounded along the perim-
eter by a ring of stones (10.5—14.5 m in diameter). Most graves had a length of ca. 2.3 m,
typical of common Early Scythian burials, and measured between 0.8—0.9 m and 1.4 m
in depth. The graves in the largest two mounds measured 3.2 m and 3.7 m in length and
3 m in depth. The number of bodies per grave varied considerably: most graves contained
single burials (four graves); two contained double burials; multiple burials were discovered
under mounds Ml4 and M22 (three and eight bodies, respectively). Most often, the deceased
were laid straight on the back, with the head pointing west-south-west (ca. 300 degrees).
One typical feature of the Saensai burial rite was the presence of skulls and bones of sac-
rificial horses and small ruminants. A skull of a bridled horse with a mouthpiece between
its teeth was laid between the heel bones of the deceased. Both horse and ruminant skulls
faced in the opposite direction from human skulls (i.e. east-south-east). The grave goods
were scarce and arranged in the following manner: pottery items were usually placed at the
head; knives in the area of the belt; arrowheads outside of the right leg; parts of the harness
(a bridle, psalium and dividing devices) next to the horse skulls.
The Saensai burials differ from similar known tombs around Xinjiang in terms of both the
burial rite and the goods. The closest analogues to this rite can be found in the Tasmola culture
(Central Kazakhstan). It is quite possible that either the Saensai burials originated from ethnic-
ities of Kazakhstan descent or a similar cultural group existed in North Xinjiang (Dzungaria).
Translated by Natalia Magnes
coaep kahhe
E. 0. KopojihKoea
ApxeoAorHH 6e3 rpamm. 5
H. A. jKozoea
BH6AHorpacJ)KH A. IO. AAeKceesa. 17
TL P. AxMedoe
riAero H3 pÄ3aHO-OKCKHX MOmAbHÏÏKOB. HoBUe AaHHHe. 30
A. TL BaöeHKO
3oAOTaa ÖAJiiiiKa c n3o6pa5KemieM nayica ii3 coöpaima XapbKOBCKoro
HcropHHecKoro My3ea. 66
M. TO. Baxmuna
06 HKOHorpac|)HH HceHCKoro 6o KccTBa Ha cepeßpjiHOM 6aeoac h3 KypraHa HepTOMAhiK . 76
AÍ. B. BepmuetiKo
CmpeAar. sthmoaoim TepMHHa h apxeoAom. 88
H. A. raepuyjtoK, H. 17. TuMuewco
IleKTopaAB H3 Toactoh Mornabt Kan oÔBeicr h cpeACTBo ireBepöaABHOH KOMMyHZKaazH . . 97
M. H. Aapazan
HaKOiieMHiiKH cipe a npeACKHc|)CKoro h paHHecKHC^CKoro BpeMenii: TexHOAoma
H3rOTOBAeHHB, MeTpOAOIHS H MapKHpOBKa. 127
H. TI. 3aceifKOH
3araAKa 30AOToro xyGica H3 pa3pyineHHoro norpeöeHm y er. MmyAHHCKOH. 171
A. H. MeaHuuK
HaKOHeHHHKH crpeA H3 pa3BeAOK b KeAeHax / AnaMee (IO»ŒraH Opiirna). 184
M. T. Kaiuyóa
KpeManjm paHHecKHcJicKoro BpeMCHH b MomAbHHKe KpyrAHK na CpeAHeM Anecipe. 200
B. A. Kucejib
O AByX 3HH30AaX CKHcJ)CKOH HCTOpHH B COHHHCHHH FepOAOTa. 213
E. 0. KopojihKoea
O HeKOTOpMX (|)aHTaCTHHeCKHX o6pa3aX 3BepHHOrO CTHAH B GuGlIpCKOH KOAAeKIIHH
rieTpa I: paôoTa naA omnöicaMH. 234
556
CONTENTS
E lena Korolkova
Archaeology without borders. 5
Nina Zhogova
Bibliography of Audrey Yu. Alexeev's publications. . 17
Ilya Akhmedov
Whips from the Ryazan—Oka tombs. New data . 30
jLeonid Babenko
The gold plaque with a spider design from the Kharkov Historical Museum. 66
Marina Vakhtina
The iconography of the female deity on the silver dish from the Chertomlyk Mound . 76
Hanna Vertiienko
Arrow, the etymology of the term and archaeology. 88
Nade^hda Gavriliuk, Nikolay Timchenko
The pectoral from the Tolstaya Mogila Mound as an object and tool of non-verbal
communication. 97
Marina Daragan
Pre-Scythian and early Scythian arrowheads: manufacturing, metrology
and markings. 127
Irina Zasetskaya
The mystery of the gold cup from the disturbed burial near Migulinskaya Stanitsa. 171
Askold Ivanchik
Arrowheads retrieved during the Kelainai/Apameia surveys (South Phrygia). 184
Maya Kashuba
Early Scythian cremations in the Kruglik Grave site (Middle Dniester). 200
Vladimir Kisel
On two episodes from Scythian history in Herodotus’ work. 213
Elena Korolkova
On imaginary animal style designs in Peter the Great’s Siberian collection:
mistakes corrected. 234
557
COÄEP2KAHHE
T. M. Ky3uetioea
CepeöpHHbTH KH auk H3 KypraHa CoAoxa h iieKoropMe aciieKTM ckhc| ckoh
xpOHOAOrHH. 240
H. lO. luMÔepuc; M. M. Mapueuxo
O nepnaKax c pyHKOH-BbrcrynoM h3 mcotckhx naMHTHHKOB KyôaHH. 256
B. E. Macjioe
KoMII03HUHH C HOMaAEMH H3 KaAaAbl-rbTp 2 H ee KyAbTypHO-HCTOpHHeCKHH (J)OH. 269
C. B. Maxopmbix
06 OAHOM THne y3AeHHbIX 6aHX V B. AO H. 3. HS npHHepHOMOpCKOH Ckhc|)hh. 296
P. C MunacHH
Oro6pa KeHHe «moacah MHpa» Ha MeTaAAEraecKHx yKpaiTieiiHHx anoxn bhkhhtob. 319
C. B. riosiuH
O xpOHOAOrHH (£ acoccKoro kachmchhä IV b. ao h. 3. 334
T. B. Pmôkoôû
rioceAeHHe TapacoBa BaAxa — naMHTHHK paHHero KeAe3Horo BeKa b 3aKy6am e
(HpeABapHTeAbHaH nyÔAHKaixHH). 359
T. B. CenuueHKoea
rioAy3a6wTaH koaackhhh h3 pacKonoK H. E. BpanAeHÔypra. 375
C. CKOphlÛ
06 OAHoii rpynne KyAbTOBux norpe6eHHH Ckhc|)hh. 382
E. B. Cmenamea
CeAAa ryHHO-capMaTCKoro BpeMeHH. 389
C. P. Toxmacbee
Chhah h cKHcjpbi. 426
E. E. 0uajiKo
CKHcJ CKHe aME30HKH — yHaCTHHIJbl BOCHHHX KOH(|)AHKTOB. 440
K B. Hyzyme
OopMHpoBaHHe KyAbTyp pamrax kohcbhhkob b Ka3axcTaHe h Cajmo-AATae
(k nocraHOBKe npoÔAeMbi). 457
H, E. UlpOMKO
PoroBhie HaKOHeHHHKH AyKOB c 3anaAHoro BeAbCKoro ropoAHin¡a. 487
17. M. Uljuibza, /[. TI. ülyjibza
MorHAbHHK CasHcan paHHecKHcJ)CKoro BpeMeHH y r. YpyMHH (CHHbH3ÄH, Kirran). 512
Chhcok coKpameHHH. 534
Pe3KDMe. 543
CONTENTS
Tatiana Kuznetsova
A silver kylix from the Solokha Mound and some aspects of Scythian
chronology. 240
Natalia Umberis, Ivan Marchenko
On dippers with protruding handles from Meot sites in the Kuban area. 256
Vladimir Maslov
A design with nomads from Kalaly-Gyr 2 and its cultural and historical background. 269
Sergej Makhortykh
On one type of bridle plaques dating from the 5th century BC (Black Sea Scythia). 296
Rafael Minasjan
“The model of the universe” on Viking metal jewellery. 319
Sergej Volin
On the chronology of Thasos brands of the 4th century BC. 334
Tatiana VJabkova
The Early Iron Age settlement in Tarasova Balka, Trans-Kuban Region
(Preliminary publication). 359
Tatiana Senichenkova
A nearly forgotten collection from N.E. Brandenburgs excavations. 375
Sergej Skorj
On a group of cult burials in Scythia. 382
Elena Stepanova
Hun-Sarmatian saddles. 389
Sergej Tokhtasyev
Sinds and Scythians. 426
Elena Fialko
The Scythian Amazons and their involvement in military conflicts. 440
Konstantin Chugunov
The development of early nomad cultures in Kazakhstan and the Sayan-Altai area
(Tentative problem statement). 457
Irina Shramko
Horn bow tips from the West Bilsk site. 487
Veter Shulga, Daniil Shulga
The early Scythian gravesite of Saensai, near Urumchi. 512
Abbreviations. 534
Summaries. 543 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Korolʹkova, Elena Feodorovna |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | e f k ef efk |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1115256300 |
| author_facet | Korolʹkova, Elena Feodorovna |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043642269 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)960069229 (DE-599)BVBBV043642269 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Festschrift Aufsatzsammlung Bibliografie |
| geographic | Eurasien (DE-588)4015685-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Eurasien |
| id | DE-604.BV043642269 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:29:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)2124053-X |
| isbn | 9785935726218 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029056063 |
| oclc_num | 960069229 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Y2 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Y2 |
| physical | 557 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža |
| series2 | Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža |
| spelling | 880-04 Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders naučnyj redaktor E.F. Korolʹkova ; Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Archaeology without borders 880-05 Sankt-Peterburg Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž 2015 557 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 880-06 Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža 77 Text russisch, Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung der Beiträge in englischer Sprache Kyrillische Schrift Alekseev, Andrej Jurʹevič 1955- (DE-588)1115256300 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Skythen (DE-588)4055278-0 gnd rswk-swf Nomade (DE-588)4042452-2 gnd rswk-swf Eurasien (DE-588)4015685-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content Eurasien (DE-588)4015685-0 g Nomade (DE-588)4042452-2 s Skythen (DE-588)4055278-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Alekseev, Andrej Jurʹevič 1955- (DE-588)1115256300 p 880-01 Korolʹkova, Elena Feodorovna edt 880-02 Alekseev, Andrej Jurʹevič 1955- (DE-588)1115256300 hnr 880-03 Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž (DE-588)2124053-X isb Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža 77 (DE-604)BV011847213 77 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056063&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056063&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 700-01/(N Королькова, Елена Ф. edt 700-02/(N Алексеев, Андрей Юрьевич hnr 710-03/(N Государственный Эрмитаж 4isb 245-04/(N Археология без границ коллекции, проблемы, исследования, гипотезы научный редактор Е.Ф. Королькова ; Государственный Эрмитаж 264-05/(N Санкт-Петербург Государственный Эрмитаж 2015 490-06/(N Труды Государственного Эрмитажа |
| spellingShingle | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža Alekseev, Andrej Jurʹevič 1955- (DE-588)1115256300 gnd Skythen (DE-588)4055278-0 gnd Nomade (DE-588)4042452-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1115256300 (DE-588)4055278-0 (DE-588)4042452-2 (DE-588)4015685-0 (DE-588)4016928-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)4006432-3 |
| title | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders |
| title_alt | Archaeology without borders |
| title_auth | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders |
| title_exact_search | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders |
| title_full | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders naučnyj redaktor E.F. Korolʹkova ; Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž |
| title_fullStr | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders naučnyj redaktor E.F. Korolʹkova ; Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž |
| title_full_unstemmed | Archeologija bez granic kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders naučnyj redaktor E.F. Korolʹkova ; Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž |
| title_short | Archeologija bez granic |
| title_sort | archeologija bez granic kollekcii problemy issledovanija gipotezy archaeology without borders |
| title_sub | kollekcii, problemy, issledovanija, gipotezy = Archaeology without borders |
| topic | Alekseev, Andrej Jurʹevič 1955- (DE-588)1115256300 gnd Skythen (DE-588)4055278-0 gnd Nomade (DE-588)4042452-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Alekseev, Andrej Jurʹevič 1955- Skythen Nomade Eurasien Festschrift Aufsatzsammlung Bibliografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056063&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056063&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011847213 |
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