Bushehr: city, society & trade, 1797-1947
This book discusses the political and economic history of the port of Bushehr, which by the end of the eighteenth century had become the gateway to southern Persia (Iran). It offers a detailed analysis of Bushehr’s demography, industry, health care, education, and standard of living; as well as its...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Washington DC
Mage Publishers
[2016]
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| Schriftenreihe: | The Persian Gulf
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This book discusses the political and economic history of the port of Bushehr, which by the end of the eighteenth century had become the gateway to southern Persia (Iran). It offers a detailed analysis of Bushehr’s demography, industry, health care, education, and standard of living; as well as its trade, and how politics impacted its well-being. Throughout this period Bushehr had to ward off the growing competition from other Persian Gulf ports such as Bandar Abbas. It did so successfully, enjoying growing trade and wealth, despite internal and external political problems. Because of its important commercial position Bushehr was also twice attacked and occupied by the British (1856, 1915-18). What brought the port city down finally, however, was not the British attacks and occupations, nor the occupation and looting of the city by Tangestani tribesmen (purported protectors of the constitution) in 1909; it was the expansion of the ports, roads, and railroads of the oil-rich province of Khuzestan. This caused economic decline for Bushehr, which resulted in a loss of trade and much of its population between 1920 and 1940. The World War II years did not bring much improvement to its situation either. The economic malaise contributed to a tribal uprising in Fars in 1946, in which Bushehr played an important role. However, the uprising failed, and as such was but a last spasm of a bygone era. |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 685-694 |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 704 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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| 520 | 3 | |a This book discusses the political and economic history of the port of Bushehr, which by the end of the eighteenth century had become the gateway to southern Persia (Iran). It offers a detailed analysis of Bushehr’s demography, industry, health care, education, and standard of living; as well as its trade, and how politics impacted its well-being. Throughout this period Bushehr had to ward off the growing competition from other Persian Gulf ports such as Bandar Abbas. It did so successfully, enjoying growing trade and wealth, despite internal and external political problems. Because of its important commercial position Bushehr was also twice attacked and occupied by the British (1856, 1915-18). What brought the port city down finally, however, was not the British attacks and occupations, nor the occupation and looting of the city by Tangestani tribesmen (purported protectors of the constitution) in 1909; it was the expansion of the ports, roads, and railroads of the oil-rich province of Khuzestan. This caused economic decline for Bushehr, which resulted in a loss of trade and much of its population between 1920 and 1940. The World War II years did not bring much improvement to its situation either. The economic malaise contributed to a tribal uprising in Fars in 1946, in which Bushehr played an important role. However, the uprising failed, and as such was but a last spasm of a bygone era. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents ¡x FOREWORD................................. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................x¡ CHAPTER 1 The Town and Peninsula.......................................................................................................1 Location.......................................................................................................................... 1 Farming/market gardening.............................................................................................. շ General Aspect of the Port of Bushehr............................................................................ 8 The town wall................................................................................................................ 9 Houses............................................................................................................................ 14 Summer-houses.............................................................................................................. 22 Hotels and Restaurants................................................................................................ 26 Streets............................................................................................................................ 28 Town quarters.............................................................................................................. 29 Population.......................................................................................................................
33 Population diversity..................................................................................................... 33 Population size.............................................................................................................. 36 Dress............................................................................................................................40 Employment, Trade and Industry................................................................................... 41 Employment...................................................................................................................41 Trade............................................................................................................................43 Modern factories......................................................................................................... 47 Religion............................................................................................................................ 57 Religious affiliations..................................................................................................... 57 Drinking and Irrigation Water............................................................................................ 66 Water supply...................................................................................................................66 Wells............................................................................................................................68 The
Climate................................................................................................................... 77 Sanitary Conditions, Public Health and Medical Care........................................................ 77 Public Hygiene.............................................................................................................. 77 Public Health...................................................................................................................83 Quarantine service......................................................................................................... 91 Medical capacity in Bushehr....................................................................................... 96 British Residency Dispensary....................................................................................... 98 Dispensary Becomes Charitable Hospital................................................................... 103 Hospital Becomes Persian.......................................................................................... 108 British Residency Dispensary Continues................................................................... 113 Education and Modern Social Activities........................................................................ 117 Schools.......................................................................................................................... 117 Libraries and Reading Rooms......................................................................................126
Newspapers.................................................................................................................127 Cinema.......................................................................................................................... 125 Modern Theater............................................................................................................ 130 Cost of Living................................................................................................................. 130 The Great Famine....................................................................................................... 131 Famine never far away.............................................................................................. 133 The World War II Years................................................................................................... 142 ֊ v -
CHAPTER 2 The Trade of Bushehr............................................................................................................. 155 Four competing ports.........................................................................................................1J J Anchorage...................................................................................................................... 15$ Shipping Handling........................................................................................................ 160 Wharf facilities and storage capacity............................................................................ 167 Routes from Bushehr to Shiraz.......................................................................................... 171 (i) The land route to Ahmadi/Choghadak....................................................................... 171 (ii) The route via Shif........................................................................................................ 172 The two routes merge................................................................................................... 174 Comparison ofthe trade roads of competing ports..................................................... 175 The unsafe and blocked trade road (1907-18).............................................................. 177 Improvement ofthe trade road..................................................................................... 182 Bushehr s comparative advantage............................................................................. 187 Bushehr s
commercial community............................................................................. 188 Political and administrative advantages....................................................................... 192 Distribution port.........................................................................................................194 Bushehr and its immediate hinterland........................................................................ 195 The Development of Trade at Bushehr................................................................................ 199 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 199 The growth of trade....................................................................................................... 200 Structure of Trade........................................................................................................... 217 Imports........................................................................................................................... 221 Piece goods.................................................................................................................... 222 Indigo........................................................................................................................... 225 Metals........................................................................................................................... 227
Specie........................................................................................................................... 229 Spices........................................................................................................................... 230 Sugar........................................................................................................................... 231 Tea............................................................................................................................... 235 Woolen goods............................................................................................................. 237 Exports........................................................................................................................... 238 Specie........................................................................................................................... 239 Horses........................................................................................................................... 240 Raw Cotton................................................................................................................. 245 Fruit............................................................................................................................... 247 Opium........................................................................................................................... 249 Raw Silk....................................................................................................................... 252
Wool............................................................................................................................... 253 Grains........................................................................................................................... 255 Gums........................................................................................................................... 259 Shipping...................................................................................................................... 260 CHAPTER 3 Bushehr under the Qajars . . . ................................................................................... 271 Bushehr s Jurisdiction.................................................................................................... 271 The Governorate of Bushehr.............................................................................................. The tribal population..................................................................................................... .. Agricultural activities........................................................................................... 281 - vi -
The Al Mazkur Governorship of Bushehr....................................................................... 282 Sheikh Naser II Al Mazkur Administration................................................................... 283 Sheikh Abdol-Rasul Al Mazkur s First Administration.................................................286 First Non-AI Mazkur Administration............................................................................ 288 Sheikh Abdol-Rasul Al Mazkur s Second Administration............................................. 294 Princely Qajar Administration......................................................................................307 Sheikh Naser III Al Mazkur s Administration............................................................... 310 Persian Governors again...............................................................................................316 British Residency moves to Khark................................................................................ .322 Sheikh Naser III Al Mazkur reappointed as governor................................................. 325 British Residency returns to Bushehr....................................................................... 330 Local and hinterland problems................................................................................ 336 Al Mazkur s final act.................................................................................................. 342 Persian Administration.................................................................................................. 345
British occupation of Bushehr.....................................................................................350 The prickly years....................................................................................................... 356 The Great Famine....................................................................................................... 361 The uneventful years.................................................................................................. 363 The Constitutional Period......................................................................................... 376 Endeavors to have a functioning local assembly..................................................... 377 Local reaction to dissolution of the Majles...................................................................388 Tangestanis occupy Bushehr.....................................................................................393 Daryabegi governor again - end ofTangestani occupation........................................403 Bushehr Threatened by Tangestanis............................................................................414 Movaqqar al-Dowleh becomes governor.................................................................. 416 Bushehr under the Pax Britannica............................................................................421 To Rais Ali and the inhabitants of Dilwar...................................................................426 The Post World War I Years.........................................................................................
433 Bushehr under Central Government Administration..................................................... 438 Bushehr under the Pahlavis......................................................................................... 445 The Reza Shah period.................................................................................................. 445 The Mohammad Reza Shah period............................................. .............................. 451 The tribal revolt and occupation of Bushehr.................. ........................................... 454 CHAPTER 4 Government and Civic Institutions........................................................................ 469 .469 The Customs Department . . . .475 National Customs Department . The Kargozari................................ ........................................................................... 493 The Finance Department......................................................................................... 501 The Municipality....................................................................................................... 508 The Chamber of Commerce......................................................................................... 520 The Modern Banks....................................................................................................... 521 524 The Judiciary................................................................................................................. 530 The
Police..................................................................................................................... 537 The Gendarmery....................................................................................................... 542 The Army..................................................................................................................... Modern Army Garrison.............................................................................................. 546 552 Disarmament Campaign.............................................................................................. Compulsory conscription.......................................................................................... 554 - vii -
The Navy.............................................. The Telegraph..................................... The Mail.............................................. The Airlines.......................................... Representatives of Foreign Governments Great Britain..................................... The Netherlands................................. Ottoman Turkey................................. France.............................................. Germany.......................................... Russia.............................................. Norway.............................................. Italy................................................... USA................................................... Various other countries................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFTERWORD. . .557 .561 .564 .568 .575 .577 .586 .589 .591 .594 .598 .601 .602 .602 .603 .605 APPENDICES Appendix I: List of governors of Bushehr and its district (1789-1947).......................609 Appendix II: Memorandum on the system of cultivating the date palm in the vicinity of Bushire........................................................................................... 614 Appendix III: Chahkutah andTul-i-Siah..................................................................... 618 Appendix IV: Tangistan.............................................................................................. 621 Appendix V: Hayat Daoud and Rudhilleh................................................................. 624 AppendixVI: Import and Export tables
(1873-1923)................................................ 627 Appendix VII: Number of vessels that cleared Bushehr, by nationality (1873-1940)...................................................................................634 Appendix VIII: Circular to British subjects, and firms in Bushire. Bushire Hospital. (21 March 1917).........................................................639 Appendix IX: Proclamation by Sheikh Hoseyn of Chahkutah (early July 1915). . .641 Appendix X:Text agreement coastal Khans (22 June 1946)................................... 643 Appendix XI: Text of the radio broadcast by one of the Qashqa i leaders from Bushire (4 October 1946).......................................................................... 647 Appendix XII: Text of the Proclamation issued by Maj-Gen Zahidi about the agreement reached between the Government and the National Movement in Fars (15 October, 1946),.................................................................................. 649 Appendix XIII: Facsimiles of Persian letters................................................................. 651
1 a. Correspondence concerning the ownership of the British Residency building. .651 1 b. Memorandum........................................................................................................... 652 2 . Government protests against higher wall of Residency...................................... 653 3 . Petition of the horse merchants of Bushehr to Haji Aghasi, Prime Minister (September 1844)........................................................................... 653 4 . Text of the eshteshhad-nameh concerning the horse and mule tax, September 1844....................................................................................................... 659 5 . National Sanitary Commission authorizes British physician to take steps to contain the outbreak of the plague. Tehran 23 October 1896................. . .663 6 .Imposition of Harbor Duties.........................................................................................666 6 a. Protest of the British Resident............................................................................... 666 6 b. Protest of Haj i Ada m............................................................................................ 7 .671 .The importance of proper address or a lesson in etiquette.................................... 674 Bibliography.......................................................................................................................... 685 Index........................................................................................................................................695 - ix -
|
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| spelling | Floor, Willem M. 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)170801748 aut Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 Willem Floor Washington DC Mage Publishers [2016] xxi, 704 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Persian Gulf Literaturverzeichnis Seite 685-694 This book discusses the political and economic history of the port of Bushehr, which by the end of the eighteenth century had become the gateway to southern Persia (Iran). It offers a detailed analysis of Bushehr’s demography, industry, health care, education, and standard of living; as well as its trade, and how politics impacted its well-being. Throughout this period Bushehr had to ward off the growing competition from other Persian Gulf ports such as Bandar Abbas. It did so successfully, enjoying growing trade and wealth, despite internal and external political problems. Because of its important commercial position Bushehr was also twice attacked and occupied by the British (1856, 1915-18). What brought the port city down finally, however, was not the British attacks and occupations, nor the occupation and looting of the city by Tangestani tribesmen (purported protectors of the constitution) in 1909; it was the expansion of the ports, roads, and railroads of the oil-rich province of Khuzestan. This caused economic decline for Bushehr, which resulted in a loss of trade and much of its population between 1920 and 1940. The World War II years did not bring much improvement to its situation either. The economic malaise contributed to a tribal uprising in Fars in 1946, in which Bushehr played an important role. However, the uprising failed, and as such was but a last spasm of a bygone era. Geschichte 1797-1947 gnd rswk-swf Handelsstraße (DE-588)4023257-8 gnd rswk-swf Hafenstadt (DE-588)4022873-3 gnd rswk-swf Bushehr (DE-588)4088736-4 gnd rswk-swf Persischer Golf (DE-588)4075992-1 gnd rswk-swf Bushehr (DE-588)4088736-4 g Persischer Golf (DE-588)4075992-1 g Handelsstraße (DE-588)4023257-8 s Hafenstadt (DE-588)4022873-3 s Geschichte 1797-1947 z DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029048296&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Floor, Willem M. 1942- Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 Handelsstraße (DE-588)4023257-8 gnd Hafenstadt (DE-588)4022873-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4023257-8 (DE-588)4022873-3 (DE-588)4088736-4 (DE-588)4075992-1 |
| title | Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 |
| title_auth | Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 |
| title_exact_search | Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 |
| title_full | Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 Willem Floor |
| title_fullStr | Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 Willem Floor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bushehr city, society & trade, 1797-1947 Willem Floor |
| title_short | Bushehr |
| title_sort | bushehr city society trade 1797 1947 |
| title_sub | city, society & trade, 1797-1947 |
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| topic_facet | Handelsstraße Hafenstadt Bushehr Persischer Golf |
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