Gradešnica: rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks
Градешница римска вила и ранохристијански сакрален комплекс
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Macedonian |
| Published: |
Skopje
Matica makedonska
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 216 pages illustrations 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9786081001259 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV043605196 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |6 880-01 |a Risteski, Branislav |d 1959- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1103692399 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |6 880-02 |a Gradešnica |b rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks |c Branislav Risteski |
| 264 | 1 | |6 880-03 |a Skopje |b Matica makedonska |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a 216 pages |b illustrations |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages 411-416) | |
| 546 | |a Text mazedonisch | ||
| 546 | |b Kyrillische Schrift | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) / Gradešnica | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Funde | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Villa rustica |0 (DE-588)4205819-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029019291&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 880 | 1 | |6 100-01/(N |a Ристески, Бранислав |a ut | |
| 880 | 1 | 0 | |6 245-02/(N |a Градешница |b римска вила и ранохристијански сакрален комплекс |c Бранислав Ристески |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1826688032984530944 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
EPAHUCAAB PUCTECKH
C0AP KMHA
1. BOBEAEH AE/1.9
1.1. cfrparaeHTH on HajpaHaTa HCXOpHja Ha xpHCXHjhhctboto.9
1.2. j^oceraniHH co3HaHHj'a 3a pHMCKHxe bhjih
bo PenyßjiHKa MaKeflOHHja. 10
1.3. JlocerauiHH co3HaHHja 3a paHoxo xpHCXHjancxBO
bo PenyÖJiHKa MaKeßoirnja. 12
1.4. PerHOHOX Mapnoßo - MHKpoperHOH rpafleuiHHua:
ÖHoreorpa(|)CKH ocoöeHocxH.14
1.5. PernoHox MapHOBo - MHKpoperaon rpa^emHHH.a:
itoceraniHH co3HaHHja 3a anxHKaxa.16
1.6. MHKpoperaoHox FpafteiuiiHna: apxeoJioniKH Hcxpa^cyBafta.18
2. PHMCKA BM/1A. 27
2.1. JIoKaJiHxexox Cb. Anflonnja.27
2.1.1. npBa dp‘d3'd. 27
2.1.1.1. Bjic3Ha npocTopHja.27
2.1.1.2. TpcM.29
2.1.1.3. Xoahhk.30
2.1.1.4. KyKHO CBcxnaHiiixe. 31
2.1.1.5. CeBepHa ripocxopnja.52
2.1.1.6. Ceßepo3ana;pia iipocxopnja
2.1.1.7. riepHcrnji.
2.1.1.8. CcBepoiicTOHHa rrp )cn pnja
2.1.1.9. Jyro3ana;pia iipocxopnja.
rPAAELUHl/ILlA: PMMCKA BI/IAA H PAHOXPl/ICTWAHCKI/l CAKPAAEH KOMFJAEKC
2.1.1.10* XpoHOJioniKo-cTpaTHrpac})CKH corjie#yBaH a.38
2.1.2. BTopa cf)a3a.40
2.1.2.1. Bjie3Ha npocTopnja. 40
2.1.2.2. XoflHHK. 40
2.1.2.3. XpoHOJioiiiKo-CTpaTHrpacJ)CKH come^yBaita.41
2.2. JIoKâJiHTeTOT Cb. reoprnja.43
2.2.1. ripBa dp'à3d.43
2.2.1.1. riepHCTHJi.43
2.2.1.2. Jyro3anajjHa iipocTopHja.45
2.2.1.3. CeBepo3ana,a;Ha npocTopnja.46
2.2.1.4. XpoHononiKO-cTpaTK[rpa4)CKH corne^yBaHba.46
2.2.2. BTopa (J a3a.46
2.2.2.1. Jyro3anaflHa npocTopnja.47
2.2.2.2. XpoHOJioniKo-cTpaTHrpac|)CKH corjieflyBaH a.47
2.3. JIoKâJiHTeTOT Cb. Cnaca.48
2.3.1. TTpBa (J)a3a.48
23.1.1. IIpocTopHjaTa 1.48
23.1.2. OroiiaHCKH oôjeKTH BKonaHH bo Kapna.48
23.1.3. XpoHOJiouiKO'CTpaTHrpac|)CKH corjie#yBaH a.49
2.3.2. BTopa c|)a3a.50
23.2.1. Orpajjen skj\.50
23.2.2. XpoHOJioiHKO-cTpaTHrpacjDCKii corjreßyBaH a.50
2.4. JIoKâJiHTeTOT FTeuiTa.51
2.4.1. OflßpaHÖeH skr.51
2.4.2. Bjie3.51
2.43. KyjiaTa 1.51
2.4.4. KyjiaTa 2.52
2.4.5. XpoHononiKO-cTpaTOrpacf3CKH coraenyBatba.52
2.5. JIoKâJiHTeTOT Cb. Bpaqn.53
2.5.1. ripocTopHjaTa 1.54
2.5.2. npocxopHjaTa 2.54
2.53. XpoHOJioiiiKO-cTpaTHrpacf)CKH corJie/jyBaiBa.55
5PAHP1CAAB PUCTECKH
2.6. PuMCKa BHJia: oöonnrryBalte Ha apxeojioiHKHTe co3HaHHja.55
2.6.1. pHMCKaTa BHJia ofl cpeflHHaTa na II flo nocJieflHHTe
fleu;eHHH Ha III BeK.56
2.6.2. PHMCKaTa BHJia ofl KpajoT Ha III flo nocjieflHHTe
flei^eHHH Ha IV BeK.60
3. CTAPOXPMCTMJAHCKM KOMH/IEKC.63
3.1. JIOKäJIHTCTOT Cb. AHflOHHja. 63
3.1.1. ITpBa (J)a3a.63
3.1.1.1. Haoc.63
3.1.1.2. HapTeKc.65
3.1.1.3. CeßepHa nacTO(J)opHja.66
3.1.1.4. KpcTHJiHHu;a.66
3.1.1.5. CeBepHa npocTopnja.68
3.1.1.6. XoflHHK.69
3.1.1.7. lIoMoiHHa npocTopHja (kykhoto cBeTHjiHuiTe).69
3.1.1.8. Bjre3Ha npocTopnja.69
3.1.1.9. XpoHOJiOHiKo-CTpaTHrpacf)CKH corjieflyBaita.70
3.1.2. BTopa dpsi3a.71
3.1.2.1. Haoc.72
3.1.2.2. HapTeKc.73
3.1.2.3. CeBepHa nacTocJ}opHja.73
3.1.2.4. KpcTHJiHHiia.74
3.1.2.5. CeBepHa npocTopnja.74
3.1.2.6. XoflHHK.75
3.1.2.7. rioMoniHa npocTopHja (kykhoto cBeTHJiHmxe).77
3.1.2.8. Bjie3Ha npocTopHja.77
3.1.2.9. XpoHojioiiiKo-cTpaTHrpacf3CKH corjieflyßaita.78
3.2. JIoKäJiHTeTOT Cb. Teoprnja.80
3.2.1. Haoc.81
3.2.2. HapTeKc.82
3.2.3. Jy^cHa nacTocj3opHja.83
rPAAEUJHMUA: PMMCKA Bl/IAA H PAHOXPHCTHJAHCKH CAKPAAEH KOMHAEKC
3.2.4. XpoHOJioniKo-cTpaTHrpacjDCKH corjie^yBama.83
3.3. JIoKaJTHTeTOT rieriiTa.86
3.3.1. Ofl6paH6eH sha.86
3.3.2. Bjiea.87
3.3.3. KyjiaTa 1.87
3.3.4. KyjiaTa 2.87
3.3.5. XpoHOJioinKO-CTpaTnrpa(J)CKH corne^yBan a.87
3.4. JIoKajmTeTOT Cb. Bpanw . 89
3.4.1. norpcGyBaita.89
3.4.2. XponoJioiiiKo-cTpaTHrpacfjcKH coraeAyBaifca.90
3.5. OrapoxpHCTHjancKH xoMHJiexc:
oSoimiTyBaiBe Ha apxeoJiomxHTe co3HaHnja.90
3.5.1. CTapOXpHCTHjaHCKH KOMITJieKC OJl AOIiHHOT IV / npBHTe
Aeijehhh na V BeK ao nocjieAHHTe jjeu;eHHH Ha V Bex.90
3.5.2. CTapoxpHCTHjaHCKH KOMiuieKc oa BTopaTa nojioBHHa Ha VI Bex .93
4. 3AK/iy4HM COMEAyBAHbA.97
4.1. FlepHOftOT oa cpc^HHaTa Ha II ao aoahhot III Bex.97
4.2. riepHOAOT oa KpajoT na III j\o nocJie^HHTe a^Aohhh na IV bck.103
4.3. IlepHo^oT oa Kpajox Ha IV / npBHTe ^euieHHH Ha V
AO nocAeAHHTe achchhh Ha V bck.107
4.4. riepHOAOT na BTopaTa iiojiobhhh Ha VI Bex .112
5. SUMMARY. 119
6. nPMJ103M.123
6.1. KapTa
6.2. L],pTe XH
6.3. 4 oTorpac|)HH
7. BPIBJlMOrPA t MJA-KPATEHKM.211
6PAH14CAAB PMCTECKH
5. SUMMARY
Within the framework of the comprehensive archaeological analyzes, carried
out in the period from 1990 to 1998, four basic stages were asserted in the use of
this space; chronologically determined at the period from the middle II century to
the last decades of the VI century:
5.1. Pseudo-urban Roman villa from the middle of the II to
the late HI century
The remains of the complex of Roman villas in micro-region of Gradeshnica
were spotted only on the three terraces arranged directly above the right hand
shore of the Gradeska River, so it entirely defines the circumference of the villa,
whereby the manufacturing and living capacities were positioned at St. Salvation
site, and the manufacturing and residential premises were at St. George site, while
the complex at St. Andonia with no doubt had residential character, intended for
the enjoyment (Otium).
The consistent application of the Roman architectural forms is evident during
the design and construction of the villa in the first phase which is shown in the
orientation of the walls of the building toward the side of the world: north-south
and east —west, in the use of the standard principle of design, in axial arrangement
of the basic segments, etc.
Along with the consistent application of Roman architectural standards in the
designing/planning, the use of local materials is evident during the construction
of the complex, starting from the gray-blue stone plates which are used in the
construction of floors, the base and wall sheath, then the materials used for the
construction of the walls and foundations, the stone architectural decoration, etc.
Based on the stratigraphy of the cultural layers and the findings disclosed
in the fragmentarily preserved intact cultural layers, the first stage of using this
space certainly can be dated from the middle II century to the late III century.
Namely, among the movable findings that could undoubtedly be connected with
this construction phase, the fragments of pottery (pitchers and bowls) have been
found that could be counted as the usual Early Roman ceramics that originates
from the central parts of the Balkan Peninsula in the period of II-III century.
119
rPAAELUHMUA: PMMCKA BMAA M PAHOXPHCTMJAHCKH CAKPAAEH KOMflAEKC
5.2. Comprehensive reorganization of the cultural complex at
the end of the III until the last decades of the IV century.
In accordance with the essential transformations of the socio-economic
conditions, as well as the turbulent military-political events in the central parts of
the Balkan Peninsula during the last decades of the III and through the IV century,
the cultural complex in micro-region of Gradeshnica gets clearly emphasized
fortification properties. Furthermore, the residential components of a building
from the first phase of the villa are transformed into residential premises of the
newly formed architectural units.
This transformation implied to considerable expansion of the used space and
visible extension of the functional units. Thus, in addition to the space comprised in
Early Roman villas, the hill of Peshta is included within the Late Roman complex
on the west, as a dominant defensive strategic checkpoint in the micro-region of
Gradeshnica, as well as the site of St. Vrachi, spread on the southern side of the
Gradeshnica Field.
So this phase is related with the social changes of the function of all objects
arranged on three terraces of the Gradeshka River, namely, to the accentuation of
their character; the construction of the wall around them suggests an attempt of
physical protection of this architectonic unit’s segment.
In accordance with the strategic positioning that prevails within micro-
region of Gradeshnica, but also within the region of Mariovo, a comprehensive
fortification system had been formed on the hill of Peshta on its east side, the only
easily accessible part of the fortress, while the narrow fenced wall was built on the
edges of the other side of the hill.
The third segment of the complex, the productive one, is presented by the
discovered remains of a premise intended for both, production and living, that is
located on Southern edge of the Gradeshnica Field, at the site of St. Vrachi.
Based on typological-chronological features of the fragmentarily protected
findings discovered in the intact cultural strata, supported by more detailed
strategic observations, this construction phase of the cultural complex in micro-
region of Gradeshnica can certainly be dated from the end of the III until the last
decades of the IV century.
5.3. Converting the Old Christian sacred complex at the end
of the IV/through the whole V century
The third stage of the use of this space is characterized with the conversion
of the Old Christian church complex over the architectural segment of the Roman
villa located on the St. Adonia Site. All premises of the older object have been
included in the newly constructed Christian complex, where most of them had
acquired quite another Christian function.
120
EPAHUCAAB PMCTECKH
The eastern segment of the church is consisted of a spacious nave and
narthex, established by remodeling of the gallery of the Roman villa, as well as the
pastoforia on the western side, obtained by conversion of the rooms in the villa.
As a result of the interventions on the building, the northern unit of the
Roman villa is transformed into baptistery that is well connected to the narthex
and nave of the church. Later, in the second half of the V century, the baptistery
was thoroughly reconstructed by leveling of the piscina’s floor and tiling it with
ceramic tiles as well as by positioning of four marble columns as a part of the
remodeled shallow basin.
The entrance to the premises and the hallway of the Roman villa retain their
basic functions even within the Early Christian complex, but the Early Roman
household sanctuary is turned into auxiliary room of the newly formed sacral
complex.
The profound knowledge of the principles of statics is evident during the
design and construction of the church in the first phase, especially those principles
typical for Roman architecture which are mostly perceptible in the constructive
fortification of the perimeter walls of the Roman’s villa gallery, skillful incor-
poration of the northern and southern segments of the gallery’s colonnade in the
newly formed nave of the church and in performing the partition wall above the
western arcade of the peristil, thus forming the basilica’s narthex.
Proportionally spacious Christian temple is gained as a result of these
interventions, with width of the central nave of 7.50 m and of the side naves of
2.30 m. The length of the narthex may be assumed to be amounted about 18 m.
Narthex has dimensions of 12.20 m x 3.50 m, while the pastoforia have dimensions
of 5.2 x 2 m.
In the surveys of parts of the Roman villa that undergone complete construc-
tion interventions the intact cultural layers have been detected that could unques-
tionably be connected to the time of Early Christian’s church existence, as well as
the layers related to the devastations of this sacral building.
Many fragments of ceramic types of vessels, bowls, plates and pitchers are
discovered in the cultural layers that are certainly associated with the oldest church
existence. According to their typological features they could undoubtedly be dated
in the late IV and early decades of the V century.
5.4. Restoration of the Early Christian sacred complex
in the second half of the VI century
The fourth stage in the exploitation of this area is represented by the recon-
struction of the Late Christian complex at the site of St. Andoni, renewed after
the abandoning and the gradual devastation of the older church, as well as by the
conversion of the three-nave church on the ruins of the Roman villa located on the
site of St. George in the second half of the VI century.
121
rPAAEtUHl/lUA: P14MCKA Bl/iAA lA PAHOXPMCTHJAHCKM CAKPAAEH KOMflAEKC
The new church on the site of St. Andonia retained the same dimensions as in
the previous phase. The width of the central nave is 7.50 m, and width on the side
naves is 2.30 m, length of the narthex may be assumed that amounted to about 18
m. Narthex has dimensions of 12.20 x 3.50 m. The pastoforia have dimensions of
5.2 m x 4.8 m.
The newly built basilica on the site of St. George has a narthex which is 5
meters wide, while the width on the side narthexes is 1.80 m. The length of the
narthex may be assumed that amounted to about 13 m. Its narthex has dimensions
of 7.20 m x 2.50 m. The pastoforia have dimensions of 5.2 m x 4.8 m.
The re-composition of the destroyed parts of the narthex is the most important
activity during the reconstruction of the Late Christian complex on the site of St.
Andonia. It involves making the new architectural stone decorations and complete
establishment of new roof’s system of the central sacral space.
Second major step is the complete transformation of the western part of the
complex, by incorporating the remnants of the baptistery into the whole system of
auxiliary rooms including a significant number of open porches. At the same time,
the execution of prominent members of the Christian community had been done in
this area, which is a clear indication of highly developed religious life.
In addition, this stage in the development of the cultural complex is
supplemented by the essential strengthening of the east wall of the fortification at
the site of Peshta, as well as the use of the St.Vrachi Site as a burial space for the
inhabitants of micro-region of Gradeshnica.
Profiling the site of St. Vrachi as a burial space within the industrial segment
of the above mentioned micro-region is a result of undoubtedly detailed and
functional differentiation of the this space from the micro-region of Gradeshnica
into sacral, fortified, industrial, etc.
Subliming the events of the micro-region of Gradeshnica from the mid
II century until the last decades of the VI century, we may conclude that it is a
particularly significant area within the central parts of the Balkan Peninsula, where
exceptional place in the history^f culture is dedicated to the unique findings of the
pseudo-urban Roman villa that originates from the period of middle II century to
the III century, as well as to the Late Christian complex dated from the end of the
IV century and the whole V century.
122 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Risteski, Branislav 1959- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1103692399 |
| author_facet | Risteski, Branislav 1959- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Risteski, Branislav 1959- |
| author_variant | b r br |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043605196 |
| classification_rvk | KZ 6020 |
| contents | Includes bibliographical references (pages 411-416) |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)952051183 (DE-599)BVBBV043605196 |
| discipline | Slavistik |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Gradešnica (Macedonia) / Antiquities Gradešnica (DE-588)1104770377 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Gradešnica (Macedonia) / Antiquities Gradešnica |
| id | DE-604.BV043605196 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-03-15T19:04:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786081001259 |
| language | Macedonian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029019291 |
| oclc_num | 952051183 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | 216 pages illustrations 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Matica makedonska |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-01 Risteski, Branislav 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)1103692399 aut 880-02 Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks Branislav Risteski 880-03 Skopje Matica makedonska 2011 216 pages illustrations 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (pages 411-416) Text mazedonisch Kyrillische Schrift Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) / Gradešnica Funde Villa rustica (DE-588)4205819-3 gnd rswk-swf Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 gnd rswk-swf Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd rswk-swf Gradešnica (Macedonia) / Antiquities Gradešnica (DE-588)1104770377 gnd rswk-swf Gradešnica (DE-588)1104770377 g Villa rustica (DE-588)4205819-3 s Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 s Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029019291&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029019291&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 100-01/(N Ристески, Бранислав ut 245-02/(N Градешница римска вила и ранохристијански сакрален комплекс Бранислав Ристески 264-03/(N Скопје Матица македонска 2011 |
| spellingShingle | Risteski, Branislav 1959- Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks Includes bibliographical references (pages 411-416) Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) / Gradešnica Funde Villa rustica (DE-588)4205819-3 gnd Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4205819-3 (DE-588)4181216-5 (DE-588)4076769-3 (DE-588)1104770377 |
| title | Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks |
| title_auth | Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks |
| title_exact_search | Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks |
| title_full | Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks Branislav Risteski |
| title_fullStr | Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks Branislav Risteski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gradešnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks Branislav Risteski |
| title_short | Gradešnica |
| title_sort | gradesnica rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks |
| title_sub | rimska vila i ranohristijanski sakralen kompleks |
| topic | Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) / Gradešnica Funde Villa rustica (DE-588)4205819-3 gnd Siedlungsarchäologie (DE-588)4181216-5 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) / Gradešnica Funde Villa rustica Siedlungsarchäologie Römerzeit Gradešnica (Macedonia) / Antiquities Gradešnica |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029019291&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029019291&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT risteskibranislav gradesnicarimskavilairanohristijanskisakralenkompleks |