Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period: k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach Knyha 2
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Russian Belarusian |
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Minsk
"Belaruskaja navuka"
2016
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 408 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9789850819611 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period |b k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach |n Knyha 2 |c avtory: O.N. Levko, I.A. Marzaljuk, A.I. Drobuševskij [und 16 weitere] ; naučnye redaktory: doktor istoričeskich nauk, professor O.N. Levko, kandidat istoričeskich nauk V.H. Belevec |
| 264 | 1 | |a Minsk |b "Belaruskaja navuka" |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a 408 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna |d 1947- |0 (DE-588)138006377 |4 aut |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Marzaljuk, Ihar Aljaksandravič |d 1968- |0 (DE-588)137170408 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Drobuševskij, Aleksandr Ivanovič |d 1961- |0 (DE-588)1102540986 |4 aut | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028998332&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text |
OrJIABJIEHHE
K H H T A 1
nPEflMCJIOBHE (O, H Jleexo). 5
Uoôojïh JleoHHA flaßbi^oBH1*: k 90-jieTHio co ahx potkachur yneHoro (O. H. Jleem). 8
OcHOBHBie Bonpocw cjiaBHHCKoro 3THoreHe3a b xpyaax JL fl. Iloöojia (H. A. MapmnioK) . 20
P a 3 a e ji I
EEJIOPyCCKOE ÜOflHEIIPOBbE H IIOJIECbE
B IIEPBOH nOJIOBHHE I TblCüHEJIETIM h. 3.
3apy6HHeuKa^ Kyjibxypa BejiopyccKoro ÏIo,HHenpoBba (A. H. flpoôyiueecKUÜ). 38
riocT3apy6HHeuKHe naMHTHHKH BejiopyccKoro rioaHenpoBba (H\ H. flyôuiiKcm). 137
BbieMHaxbie 3Majin pHMCKoro BpeMeHîi Ha xeppHxopHH BeirapycH (JJ. fl. ilooojib, 3. A. Xapu~
moHosuu). 146
Kjiaa MexajiJiHHecKHx noacoB pHMCKoro nepHo^a H3 KpacHoro Bopa (BCCP) (JJ. fl. IJoôojib) 146
Haxomctf mzejwü c bbicmhhxbïmh awanaMH Ha xeppnxopHH Bejrapycn (3. A. Xapumonoem) 175
MorHjreBCKoe rioaHenpoBbe b pHMCKoe BpeMa (A. B. KibfomuK, H. H. flyôuifKax). 198
AÔHÆHa. BemeBOH komiuickc cejiHma h MorHJibHHKa (A. B. HjibtomuK). 198
MorHjibHHKH BXopoH nexBepxn Í xBicHHejiexua h. 3. b BenopyccKOM IIoAHenpoBbe
(A. B. IJjibfomuK). 247
IlaMaxHHKH Kyjibxypbi Aôhæhh (H. H. flyômf Kax). 284
CxaH i aKxyajibHbïa npaÔJieMbi BbiByn3HHa noMHiicaÿ nocx3apy6iHemcara rapbnoHxy y Bejia-
pycKÍM riajiecci (B. F ßejixeeij). 334
HaceiïbHiqxBa BejibÔapcKaft Kyjibxypbi y ricxopbiKa-KVJïbxypHbiM pa3Biqui 3aMeJib Beaapyci
pyöa^ca II/III - nanaxKy V ex. h. 3. (B. F. Eenneeit). 384
npaÓJieMbi BbijiyH3HHa no3Ha3apy6ÍHemdx KOMruiexcay y npbmauKiM riajiecci (F M. Er-
Jlil(KaR). 451
nPHHJITBIE COKPAIflEHHJI. 504
KH H T A 2
P a 3 Æ e ji II
BEJIOPyCCKOE ÜOflHEIIPOBbE H üOJIECbE
BO BTOPOfl IÏOJIOBHHE I TblCJIHEJIETHH h. 3.
ApxeojiorHHecKoe HccjreaoBaHHe ropOAHiqa h cejinma okojio ^epeBHH BeacKH flyöpoßeHCKo-
ro pawoHa BnxeôcKOH oônacxH b 1994-1998 rr. (JO. B. Kojiocosckhù). 5
CynacHbi cxaH i npaôaeMbi qacjie^aBaHHa npaxccKañ KVJibxypbi y Bejiapyci (B. C. Bnpeeü). . . 14
SejiapycKae Flajiecce ÿ KaHUbi VII - VIII ex. i y nanaxxy X ex. h. 3. (A. £. Kclck k). 62
408
P a 3 jx e ji III
EEJIOPyCCKOE IIOflBHHbE
H ÆHEÏIPO-ÆBHHCKOE METK^yPEHbE
B I TblCBHEJIETHH h. 3.
naMHTHHKH xyjibxyp mTpHXOBaHHOPi KepaMHKK Ha ceBepo-3ana^e h b LJenxpajibHOH Bejia-
pycH (A. A. EeopeimeuKo). 99
HoBBie MaTepuajiM h HCCJie^oBaHHH noceneHHH h norpeöajibHbix oobeKTOB I xbicflHejiexHn h. 3.
MeîK^ypeHbH ^bhhbi h JjHeripa (77. M. Kenbxo, C. JJ. JJepnoeim, A. B. Boümexoeuu, Ä H. îlla-
dbipo, IJ. H. IlodzypcKiiü). 161
lopoÆHme y A. BHxyHHHH (17. M. KenbKo). 161
FlocejieHHe EHpyjrn II b CHCxewe CHHxpOHHbïx npeBHocxeñ (II. M. KenbKo, C. JJ. JJepnoeim). 169
KypraHbi c norpeôeHHSMH KpeMauHH b BepxoBbnx peKH IIxHHb (A. B. Boumexoeun) . 179
MaxapbiflJibHafl Kynbxypa apxeajiarinHara KOMiuieiccy Ha B03epbi CejiaBa y flH^npoÿcKa-
^3bíhckím MÍ5Kp3HHbi: I—VIII cxcx. h. 3. (B. I. IHadbipa). 197
MaxepHajibi BepxHe^HenpoBCKoro BapHanxa khcbcîcoh Kyjibxypbi c cennuia MepHaa JIo3a
(77. M. KenbKo). 255
ApxeojiorHHecKHe HccjieaoBaHHa b Hobom Cene (npeAsapHxenbHbie pe3ynbxaxbi)
(77. H. IIodaypcKuii). 263
KyjibxypHbie xpaHC^opMaunH b I xbiCHHenexHH h. 3. Ha xeppHxopHH BHxeÔCKoro IIoABHHbfl
h BOCXOHHOH nacxH ^Henpo-flBHHCKoro MencnypeHba (O. H. Jleexo). 271
ropOAOKCKHii apxeojiorHHecKHH KOMnireKC y oaepa JlyroBoe. 271
IIorpeöajibHbie naMHXHHKH Bxopofi nonoBHHbi I xbicaHenexHfl h. 3. Ha boahhx nyxnx
BHxe6cKO-OpmaHCKoro pernoHa. 288
CneuH(J)HKa norpeôanbHbix naMnxHHKOB nocneAHeñ nexBepxn I xbicnHenexHn h. 3.
b BepxoBbHx peKH Æpyxb. 304
PsjiiriHHbiH ÿnÿjieHHi i KynbXbi cnaBflHcicara HacenbHiijxBa Eenapyci ÿ Apyroñ nanoBe
I xbicitHaroAA35c h. 3. (3. M. 3aÜKoycKi). 321
3AKJUOMEHHE (O. H. Jleem). 378
SUMMARY (S. D. Dernovich). 388
FlPHEUITblE COKPAUIEHHR. 407
SUMMARY
(S. D. Dernovich)
SERIES: SLAVONIC ANTIQUITIES OF BELARUS
SLAVS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS
DURING PRE-STATE PERIOD
To the 90th anniversary of the birth of doctor,
professor Leonid Davydovich Pobol
VOLUME 1
THE BASIC QUESTIONS OF THE SLAVONIC ETHNOGENESIS
IN L. D. POBOL’S RESEARCHES
(I. Marzalyuk)
L. D. Pobol had formulated the theory about autochthonic development of Slavonic an-
tiquities in the south of Belarus in the 1970-80s. The first stage, according to his concept
had started in the Bronze Age and connected with evolution of the Cultures of the Bronze
Age into the Milograd Culture.
In accordance with L. D. Pobol conception period of the Milograd Culture was the sec-
ond and very important stage in evolution Slavonic antiquities. L. D. Pobol emphasized, that
except for the general features for all sites of the Zarubintzy Culture, distinctions in material
culture, types of settlements and details of the funeral ceremony were also available, allow-
ing to present three basic variants of the Zarubintzy Culture — the Polesse variant, the Upper
Dnieper and the Middle Dnieper ones. Except them, the Pochepie variant of the Zarubintzy
Culture had been added. The Belarusian scholar also offered his original periodization of
antiquities of the Zarubintzy Culture. So-called the classical Zarubintzy antiquities were
passed three stages in their elaboration.
Simultaneously L. D. Pobol investigated the sites of the pre-Roman and Roman periods in
the Upper Dnieper region and Eastern Polesse. The fourth stage of the Zarubintzy antiquities
or the late stage of the Zarubintzy Cultures which was dated back to the 2nd-5th centuries AD
was submitted for consideration. The scholar considered that its evolution and later expansion
of the population to the Central and Northern parts of Belarus had formed there the basis for
formation of the Kolochyn and the Bantserovshchina - Tushemlya Cultures in the middle-
second half of the 1st millennium AD which were connected with historical Slavs.
It is possible to maintain that L. D. Pobolya’s conception had been checked and en-
gaged in an important discussion of the problems associated with their Slavonic interpre-
tation.
388
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
Parti
BELARUSIAN DNIEPER REGION AND POLESSE
OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE Is* MILLENNIUM AD
THE ZARUBINTZY CULTURE IN THE BELARUSIAN DNIEPER REGION
(A. Drobushevski)
The Zarubintzy Culture in the Belarusian Dnieper region is presented by sites of the
Gorshkov-Chaplin and the Chechersk group (the Kisteni-Chechersk type). The main types
of settlements of the Zarubintzy Culture in the Belarusian Dnieper region are sites of the
hill-forts. Open - settlements are mainly located in close to the hill-fortst.
The map of density of distribution could be pointed to the spacious areas of the Early
Iron Age in the south-eastern part of the Belarusian Dnieper region. The northern area of
hill-forts in the Middle Sozh region and neighboring parts of Mogilev region totally coin-
cides with the area of the Dnieper-Dvina Culture and the Middle Tushemlya Culture, and
the southern part with the Milograd and Zarubintzy Cultures.
The majority of hill-forts are grouped in the conglomerations consisting of two and
more settlements. The largest ones (nearly 30-40 hill-forts) are in internal and the smallest
are in frontier areas. This cluster structure of hill-forts of the Early Iron Age was typical for
the majority of regions of Eastern Europe wood zone. Tribes of the Zarubintzy Culture usu-
ally did not raise new hill-forts but actively used the Milograd ones in the Belarusian
Dnieper region.
More than 30 house-dwelling objects had been investigated on settlements of the Zaru-
bintzy Culture in the Belarusian Dnieper region. Dwellings can be divided into two basic
types: small constructions of pile buildings and long houses, connected with defensive sys-
tem of hill-forts. Open hearths of various types were used as heating constructions. Con-
struction features of the dwelling houses of the Upper Dnieper variant of the Zarubintzy
Culture (type of the Gorshkov-Chaplin) and the Chechersk group are identical.
All burial grounds of the Zarubintzy Culture are flat burial fields. They are presented by
cremation urn graves in round or extended pits. The calcinated bones were usually cleared
of the rests of a funeral pyre.
The burials of the Zarubintzy Culture mostly had parts of the grave goods. Basically
they were items of pottery: bowls, pots and tiny vessels. The bowls prevailed in Chaplin and
pots in Yurovichy. Next mass items in graves of the Zarubintzy Culture were bronze
and iron brooches of the Middle and Late La Tene schemes. The important distinctive fea-
ture of the burial grounds of the Zarubintzy Culture in the Belarusian Dnieper region is
parts of weapon and rather a plenty of the antique glass beads as grave goods. Among other
funeral items are various tools, household artifacts, ornaments and toilet sets (knives, axes,
clay spindle whorls, arm-rings, rings, pendants, etc.).
As a whole, the analysis of pottery confirms the fact of existence in the south-eastern
part of the Belarusian Dnieper region two groups of sites of the Zarubintzy Culture: the
Gorshkov-Chaplin type and the Chechersk group (the Kisteni-Chechersk type).
The chronology and periodization of the Zarubintzy Culture has not received
unequivocal definition yet. Now it is possible to approve, that process of replacement of the
Milograd Culture to the Zarubintzy Culture was rather gradual. Some elements of
389
CjiaBHHe Ha TeppHTopim Bejiapyc» b tforocynapcTBeHHMH nepHoa. Knuea 2
the Milograd Culture might be indicated among artifacts of the Upper Dnieper variant of the
Zarubintzy Culture.
The general chronological limits of the Zarubintzy Culture in the Belarusian Dnieper
region could be defined between the La Tene Cj and D2, i. e. the late 3rd- early 2nd century
BC and the first half of the 1st century AD.
Tribes of the Zarubintzy Culture in the Belarusian Dnieper region were probably new-
comers from more southern and southwestern areas. They used local basic of the Milograd
Culture and synthesized elements of the La Tene, Late Scythian and Baltic Littoral Cul-
tures. Initial difference of the Chechersk group might be considered with the Milograd
Culture and indirect influence of the Scratches and Jukhnovo Cultures.
Existence of the Late Zarubintzy sites of the Grini type in the Middle Dnieper region,
the Desna region and the Dnieper region in Ukraine might be conducted with migration
of descendants of the tribes of the Chechersk group (the Kisteni-Chechersk type). Their
descendants in the Early Roman Age were foundation of forming the Kiev Culture in the
Upper Dnieper region (the Abidnya type).
The ethnos of the Zarubintzy population in the Belarusian Dnieper region cannot be
ascertained now. The origin and further developing of local variants of the Zarubintzy
Culture can testify about their multi-ethnical features. Absence of undoubtedly German
elements of the Jastorf, Oksywie and Przewwksk Cultures has eliminated a possibility
the belonging of the Upper Dnieper sites of the Zarubintzy Culture to the Bastarner or
the Sciren. The origin of the Zarubintzy Culture from reliable Baltic antiquities can’t be
diagnosed yet.
Retrospective connection with the archeological cultures of the 5th-7th centuries
(the Kolochyn, Penkov and Prague Cultures) by means of the Late Zarubintzy and the
Kiev antiquities more likely testifies about the pro-Slavonic origin of the Zarubintzy
population.
SITES OF THE POST-ZARUBINTZY IN THE BELARUSIAN DNIEPER REGION
(N. Dubitskaya)
Actual problems of the Slavonic ethno genesis are being presented by N. Dubitskaya.
Until recently sites of the first quarter of the 1st millennium AD haven’t been identified as
the certain cultural horizon. For this period formation of the Post-Zarubintzy antiquity
was going on. Population which had left the Post-Zarubintzy materials, as well as previ-
ous tribes of the Zarubintzy Culture, used the hill-forts of the Milograd Culture for resid-
ing. Sometimes they fortified them (Schatkovo, Krasnaya Gorka, Otruby), or lived on the
open-settlements (Drazhnya). The Post-Zarubintzy antiquity of the Upper Dnieper region
was the base for the Abidnya Culture which was formed in the late 2nd century. Early it
was known as the Upper Dnieper variant of the Kiev Culture. Dating back to the 2nd-3rd
centuries are being accepted by the majority of scholars. One of earlier site of the Abidnya
Culture was the open-settlement of Simonovichy on the Ptich River. Similarity of ceramic
complexes of the early stage of the Abidnya Culture and artifacts of the first quarter of the
1st thousand AD might be pointed to continuity of the development of this circle of antiq-
uities. Thus, antiquities of the Post-Zarubintzy circle of the Upper Dnieper region w^ere
generated as a result of displacement of descendants of the classical Zarubintzy Culture
and local inhabitants of the wood zone, first of all, tribes of the Scratched Ware Culture,
390
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
and also under influence of cultural traditions of the Dnieper-Dvina and Jukhnovo Cul-
tures. Population of the Zarubintzy Culture which was settled upwards along the Dnieper
gradually lost their own the La Tène indications and got local traditions. Especially pre-
cisely this process is noticed in a direction from the south to the north. By time of forma-
tion of antiquities of the Zarubintzy Cultures dated back to the lst-2nd centuries this for-
mation represented already other phenomenon comparing with formation and blossoming,
therefore these materials should be named not the Late Zarubintzy Cultures, but the Post-
Zarubintzy antiquities.
Undoubtedly, that in a basis of antiquities of the Abidnya Culture which were formed in
the late 2nd century, the Post-Zarubintzy artifacts were presented. But local wood Cultures
influenced in the north, in the Upper Dnieper region and the West-European impacts might
be fixed in the Pripyat Polesse.
EMARGINATED ENAMEL ITEMS OF THE ROMAN TIMES
AT THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS
(L. Pobol, Z. Kharitonovich)
Hoard of metal belts of the Roman period from Krasniy Bor (BSSR)
(L. Pobol)
This work is devoted to an interesting finding of fragments of metal belts of the Roman
period. That group of objects has been conventionally called by the author «hoard». It was
discovered over 100 years ago at the former estate of Krasniy Bor in Borisov district (uyezd),
Minsk province (now Logoisk district, Minsk region - Belorussian SSR). Originally all
those finds had been in the collection of Count Tyszkievich’s private museum at Logoisk;
later, in the 1870s, most of them were offered to the Museum of Antiquities in Vilna, the rest
in the year 1919, — to the National Museum in Warsaw. At present they are in the collection
of the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw and at the Historical and Ethnographical
Museum of the Institute of History (Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian S.S.R.) in Vilna
(Vilnius).
The author took interest in the enamelled objects from Krasnyi Bor, when numerous
ornaments with enamel, resembling the Krasniy Bor finds, were discovered at Abidnya, in
Bykhov region, Mogilev region - BSSR, while excavating the 2nd-5tfa centuries, settlement
of the Late Zarubintzy Culture. Three lunulae from Abidnya are shown in one of the
attached plates. On the objects from Krasnyi Bor old numbers can still be seen; some of
those finds were described in the second half of the 19th century and a part of them has not
been found till now.
In his work the author tried to gather all preserved and recorded finds from Krasnyi Bor
and came to the conclusion that they were fragments of at least five belts. As the
ornamentation of all parts of the belts is very rich, the hoard should be regarded as having
been of high artistic value. The enamel resembles to some extent the Roman enamel. That is
why the objects from Krasnyi Bor may be of great importance for the solution of the problem
of the influences of the Culture of Roman provinces upon the development of the tribes
living in the Dnieper basin.
391
CnaBHHe Ha TeppHTOpiiH Bejiapycw b florocyaapcTBeHHbiii nepHOfl. Knuea 2
The author made an attempt at linking the hoard with the determined archaeological
site. While investigating the vicinity of the village of Krasniy Bor, traces of a settlement,
covering about 2 hectares, were discovered on the bank of a swampy overflow-arm of a
stream; pottery typical of settlements of the Late the Zarubintzy Culture in Southern
Belorussia and in Northern Ukraine were found there. In view of the fact that the settlement
and the hoard are of the same period, it may be supposed that the hoard belonged to the
population inhabiting the settlement in the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD.
The Dnieper basin, the areas inhabited by the Balts and the basins of the Volga and Oka
rivers were the three regions of East Europe were objects with enamel, dating from the
Roman period, were discovered. The objects from Krasnyi Bor show strong connections
with those from the Dnieper basin.
We have reasons to believe that the metal belts from Krasnyi Bor were highly valuable
in Antiquity. It may be supposed that they belonged to some eminent warriors or to the head
of a stock or to the chief of a tribe. They were probably worn on light garments on occasions
of tribal ceremonies, pagan religious practices etc. They were not used without special
occasions, as they were uncomfortable, as well as in consideration of their delicate
workmanship and of the fragility of their parts and joints. They probably served as an
ornament and had a symbolic significance.
The hoard of the metal belts from Krasnyi Bor an interesting evidence of the contacts
between the East Slavonic tribes of the Dnieper basin and the Roman provinces. In future
archaeology will answer the question whether those belts were made by local artisans or
were an object of barter.
Findings of emarginated enamel items from the territory of Belarus
(2. Kharitonovich)
This article is devoted to the findings of emarginated enamel items from the territory of
Belarus. Such artifacts are common in the Baltic and Dnieper regions and also knowm at the
territory of Belarus.
For the present time 41 locations of enamels are determined in Belarus. The article
contains a list of products with emarginated enamels known from publications and museum
collections.
The largest number of artifacts originates from the excavations of the settlements
Taimanovo and Abidnya dates from 2/4 of the 1st millennium BC. At these settlements traces
of local ly production of enamels jewelry were also found.
All the enamel items from the territory of Belarus are divided into several categories:
cross-rhomboid and lunula pendants, brooches, penannular brooches (syulgama), triangular
and T-fibuIas. Also, there are parts of chains.
Two treasures with emarginated enamels were found: one was published by Leonid Po-
bol (Krasnyi Bor), and the second was published firstly in this article (Krasnaya Gorka). The
treasure consist items of rhyton (finial and parts of chains), the handle of the lash, sleigh-bell
pendant, and bronze beads.
Several concentrations of emarginated enamel items are noted on the territory of Belar-
us. The first is located in the middle of the Belarusian Dnieper stream in the vicinity of
392
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
Abidnia and Taimanovo with the middle basin of the Berezina. Findings of lunulas are dom-
inated here, brooches and syulgamas also are known.
The second concentration is in Polesse, especially its northern part (left tributaries of
the Pripyat), certain findings recorded in the west part. Penannular brooches are dominat-
ed here.
The largest concentration is noted at the southern part of Belorusian Lakeland (right tribu-
tary of the Dvina (Daugava) River and the upper reaches of the Berezina, the Dnieper). There
area great variety of enamel types: lunulas, syulgamas, and brooches. All triangular brooches
and hoards are found there.
Fourth concentration recorded in Western Belarus, in particular in the territory of
Schuchin district (Grodno region) where three items were founded: two T-fibulas and lunula.
MOGILEV DNIEPER REGION DURING THE ROMAN TIME
(A. Ilyutik, N. Dubitskciya)
Collection items of the open-settlement of Abidnya
(A, Ilyutik)
The site is located in the landmark of Abidnya in 0,5 km to the east of the of village of
Adamenka in Bykhov district in Mogilev region. It was studied by L. D. Pobol in 1960,
1962,1964 - 1967. 16404 m2 were found out. 29 semi subterranean constructions, 11 graves,
cult constructions, stone pits, hearths, household pits and also clay, iron, bronze, glass, stone
and bone items had been revealed.
Pottery was presented by hand-made pots, bowls, tiny vessels, cups and disks. Among
them 80,8 % were smooth, 11,5 %,were with scratches, 5,0 % were with hatching, 2,7 %
were polished. Vessels with the maximal diameter in the upper part were counted to 94,0 %.
Clay artifacts included spindle whorls, sinkers, beads, stylized animal figures, too. Red and
white non-transparent beads, polychromatic ones, transparent glass beads and an amber one
could be added in the collection as the bronze, iron and stone artifacts.
According to materials the site can be dated to the late 2nd - early 4th century. The early
stage of the open-settlement are being introduced by the bronze lunule with square endings
(the late 2nd-3rd century), terra sigillata pendant (the 2nd century), the brooch from the
household dwelling 20 (160-230s) D-shaped buckles (the lst-2nd centuries), square ones
(70-200s), blue flat bead (150-220s), gold glass ones (10/40-220s).
To final stage of functioning of settlement might be related the bronze handle of a box
(the 3rd - early 4th century), arbalest fibula from the household dwelling 10 (the second half
of the 3rd - the first half of the 4th century), oval buckle (the middle 3rd - the first decades of
the 5th century), some arrowheads of the second half of the 4th - the first half of the 5th
century and an amber bead (260-310s).
The material culture of the settlement of Abidnya is rather similar to the general features
of the Kiev Culture in Ukraine and Russia. It is also known as the Upper Dnieper variant of
the Kiev Culture.
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Burial grounds of the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD
in the Belarusian Dnieper region
(A. Ilyutik)
Burial grounds have been investigated near the villages of Adamenka (the landmark of
Abidnya), Taimanovo, Novyi Byhov (the landmark of Radysheva Gora) and Nizhnya
Toshytsa(the landmark of Podluzhe) in Bykhov district, the village of Krasnaya Zorka in
Berezino district, the village of Simonovichy in Glusk district. Objects and places which
were connected with the ritual actions and funeral ceremony were found out in Dednovo
(the place of Bobruisk), Abidnya and Taimanovo.
Burial grounds were located on the first river terraces or on the small hills near open-
settlements or on the settlements near to dwellings. They represented fiat graves with
cremation remains. Their studying allowed to present funeral ceremony as the part of unit
cultural community of the Upper Dnieper variant of the Kiev Culture.
Tradition of using fire-pits graves was constant for the existence of settlements. It is
possible to find out them in Abidnya which dated back to the late 2nd - early 4th AD and in
Taimanovo (220-450s). But later the mixed burial graves were fixed in Taimanovo. It is not
excluded, that these ones (7 %) preceded to the urn burials (4 %) which were characteristic
only for a late stage of existence and were the transitive part in funeral ceremonial. This
hypothesis, probably, can be used for the burial grounds of Novyi Byhov (the 3rd—5th
centuries) and Nizhnya Toshytsa (the 3rd-5th centuries).
Among another parts of grave goods could be mentioned some flints and bones. But
they were mainly presented by pottery. Vessels with the maximal diameter in the upper part
were counted to 94 % in Abidnya. They were typical in Dednovo, too. Occasionally these
ones were fixed in the collections of Taimanovo, Novyi Byhov and Nizhnya Toshytsa.
Pots of the average sizes of jar forms with slight broadened part (diameter of a bottom
was almost equal to diameter of a rim) were typical for the burial ground of Taimanovo
during all time of its existence. Later some tulip and biconical forms of vessels appeared at
the middle and late stages of culture.
Sites of the Abidnya Culture
(N. Dubitskaya)
Territory of distribution of sites of the Abidnya Culture. Problem of population
settlement patterns in Mogilev and Gomel Dnieper region in the second quarter of the
1st millennium AD is being investigated by N. Dubitskaya. Tribes of so-called Abidnya
Culture had resided on this territory in the late 2nd-5th centuries. The present Culture was
named after the landmark of Abidnya in Bykhov district in Mogilev region. The open-
settlement and flat burial field were firstly discovered there. Only sites which had been
studied stationary were used for delimitation of an area of the Abidnya Culture. The
northern part of this area is marked by the open-settlements and flat burial fields of Abid-
nya and Taimanovo, the western points is the open-settlement and flat burial field of Simo-
novichy (the middle part of the Ptich River). The eastern border passes on the tributaries
of the middle part of the Sozh River. The southern border, apparently, turns to Gomel and
than to the Berezina mouth.
394
S. D, Dernovich. Summary
L. D. Pobol as the main researcher of sites the Abidnya cultural circle made out Abidnya
and Taimanovo as the sites of the late stage of the Zarubintzy Culture and direct develop-
ment of the Upper Dnieper variant of the Zarubintzy Culture.
The population of the Abidnya Culture lived on the open-settlements in the log and pile
semi subterranean constructions. Burials as cremation were performed mainly in pits. The
mixed ones were parts of transitive urns. Some similarity has been noticed in material culture.
Dwelling houses and household constructions of the Abidnya Culture. Traditions of
house building of population of the Abidnya Culture are being investigated by N. Dubitskaya.
Dwelling houses and household constructions of the Abidnya Culture are presented by
ground and semi subterranean constructions. The last ones were dominating type and they
had been found out much better.
Totally 88 semi subterranean constructions are known on eight sites of the Abidnya
Culture. The main parts of them are located in Taimanovo (52) and Abidnya (27). These
semi subterranean buildings were log and pile construction. They were heated by the stone
hearths and ovens, and rarely by clay adobe ones. Practically all stone ovens were revealed
in the log constructions. Wooden floors were fixed in Taimanovo. Ground constructions
were an unusual occurrence. Semi subterranean constructions with the pile in the centre
were mainly used as household ones. At the same time for synchronous period of the Kiev
sites of the Middle Dnieper and Desna regions pile semi subterranean constructions were
characteristic and they were chiefly heated by the open hearths. Inhabited semi subterranean
ones with the central pile were the usual phenomenon.
House building traditions of the tribes of the Abidnya Culture can be recognized as the
further development of traditions of the population of the Zarubintzy and Post-Zarubintzy
Culture in conditions of wood zone. Existence of the stone ovens can be considered as the
further development of the stone hearths in the continental climate. Log semi subterranean
constructions with stone ovens might be the most optimal variant of dwelling houses for
strict winter conditions. This fact is one of the important circumstances of widespread of
this type of house building later.
CONDITION AND ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF STUDYING
OF THE SITES OF THE POST-ZARUBINTZY HORIZON
IN BELARUSIAN POLESSE
(V Belevets)
The antiquities of the Post-Zarubintzy horizon from the middle part of the stream of the
Pripyat which were presented as materials related to the sites of the Kuradovo type were
characterized about 10 years ago. Their studying only begins. Nevertheless, these ideas have
already brought a number argument in favour of a hypothesis about formation of the Prague
Culture identified with the historical Slavs of the Age of the Great Migration of People, on
the territory of Eastern and Central Polesse and adjoining regions.
Two settlements of this type (Kuradovo which was studied by V. S. Vergei in 1982 and
Davyd-Gorodok excavated by A. M. Belitskaya in 1989 and 2005) were investigated on
rather small areas. Their general chronology included period of about middle of the 1st -
break 2nd-3rd century, that approximately corresponds to phases Bj-Cla of the Roman peri-
od in relative chronology of Cultures of the Central Europe. The lower date of these sites is
395
CjiaBHHe Ha TeppHTopHH Bejiapyc« b #orocyaapCTBeHHi iH nepHoa. Knuea 2
closed to the declining years of the La Tene Zarubintzy Culture. The upper period coincides
with expansion on the territory of South-Western Belarus of tribes of the Velbar Culture.
Synchronous and cultural materials related to the sites of the Kuradovo type had been re-
vealed in Belarusian Polesse.
V. S. Vegei and the writer were offered the hypothesis that the sites of the Kuradovo
type were generated as a result of synthesis of traditions of the Polesse variant of the Zaru-
bintzy Culture and the population belonged to the circle of cultures of Eastern Europe wood
zone which occupied the left bank of the Pripyat at the turn of the era. Probably, this popula-
tion goes back to the Milograd Cultures of the Early Iron Age which cultural aspect was
transformed in the last centuries before Christian era owing to the northern migration of the
population of the Culture of the Hatches pottery, and also cultural impulses from the south -
from tribes of the Zarubintzy Culture. At the present stage of studying it is impossible to
establish, in what measure the population of the Post-Zarubintzy horizon in the Central Po-
lesse was physical descendants of the Zarubintzy Culture. It is difficult to conclude that
what contribution from components in addition of the sites of the Kuradovo type had ap-
peared more influential - the Barbarism traditions or the La Tene Zarubintzy Culture, too.
There is also not absolutely not clear a destiny of this population during, followed after
expansion on the territory of South-Western Belarus of tribes of the Velbar Culture. A num-
ber of data could be testified in favour of addition in the Pripyat Polesse on the basis of the
sites of the Kuradovo type and to related them, antiquities of the 3rd-4th centuries (the Strugi
type) which, in turn, were one of the major parts of formation of the Prague Culture.
THE POPULATION OF THE VELBAR CULTURE IN HISTORICAL
AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS
SINCE THE BREAK OF THE 2nd-3rd CENTURIES TO THE 5th CENTURY AD
(V Belevets)
Until recently the sites of the Velbar Culture which are identified with the historical
union of gothic tribes, were considered in Belarusian archeology as the unimportant, isolat-
ed phenomenon which had not rendered essential influence on historical and cultural devel-
opment of the territory of modern Belarus in the 2nd - early 5th century. Data received last
decades have denied this opinion.
The tribes of the Velbar culture related to the Przeworsk Culture which is identified
with the Vandals had settled on territories of south-western part of Belarus for the late 2nd -
early 3rd century and adjoined with population who were cultural and ethnically absolutely
different and belonged to a generality of cultures of Eastern Europe wood zone. The Velbar
migrants had adapted some elements of material culture and spiritual values, and some
groups of the local Przeworsk population might be included in some cases in the Bug basin.
Their contacts with the population of the Post-Zarubintzy horizon, in which modern schol-
ars try to find the important point of formation of cultures of historical Slavs of the Great
Migration of People, were carried out on other conditions. Reflections of these communica-
tions couldn’t be noticed in funeral ceremonialism, but were being shown in material cul-
ture as the Velbar as the Post-Zarubintzy horizon of population. Some data allow7 conside-
ring, that moving historical Goths in a number of regions of south-western part of Belarus
was attended by replacement of local population.
396
S. D. Demovich. Summary
The population of Southern Belarus was connected with stable communications in the
Later Roman time. Contacts between the population of the Central Polesse and the Dnieper
basin and the tribes of the Velbar culture were gradually replaced with communications
with the Chemyahov culture within the second half of the 3rd century. Some imports and
technical achievements of Roman Empire had been extended in territory of modern Belarus
through the mediation of cultures of the Goths circle during this period. It is characteristic,
that zone of distribution Roman artifacts substantially coincided with the Velbar and the
Chernyahov items in Belarus.
The chronology of archeological sites of the Velbar and the Prague cultures in the Pripy-
at Polesse pointed to traces of historical Goths sojourn and the Slavs in the second half of
the 4th - early 5th century, at least some decades. As a whole, correlation of archeological
and historical sources allows to approve, that collision, activity in the neighborhoods for
about 200 years and at last confrontation to the tribes of the Goths union, which had reached
the culmination in the middle of the 4th - early 5th century, had played exclusively important
role during formation of the Slavs of the Great Migration of People.
PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTION OF THE LATE ZARUBINTZY SITES
IN THE PRIPYAT POLESSE REGION
(A. Belitskaya)
Widespread studying of the Zarubintzy materials in the south of the Pripyat Polesse re-
gion were concerned to the 1950-70s. Prolonged discussions concerning to members of the
Zarubintzy Culture in the period of the Roman influences have been conducted. Investigat-
ed of archeological sources has indicated, that the certain part of materials, mainly from the
flat burial fields of the Zarubintzy Culture couldn’t be recognized in the scientific literature
or weren’t introduced into practice in full measure that complicates researches of cultural
and chronological processes. Therefore studying of new sites isn’t only an actual problem,
but also processing and further publication of artifacts are so important, too. Last decades
researches might be used for identification traces of the population on settlements of the
Pripyat Polesse region in the first half of the 1st millennium AD. Some log quadrangular
house-dwellings with clay adobe stoves had been investigated there. The kiln as the manu-
facturing object in the internal part of the settlement of Khotamel-2 was found out. Ritual
objects were used by the ancient population for the pagan practices. These round or square
constructions were open remains of pyre with sacrifice carcass, pottery, ornaments and con-
sumer items. Some of them could be dated back to the Late La Tene and period of the Ro-
man influences. In spite of lack of traces of constant residing of the tribes of the Velbar
Culture in this region, some scholars have identified about tens Velbar graves on the Zaru-
bintzy burial fields of Velemichy-1, -2. Complexes of the Zarubintzy Culture in the Pripyat
Polesse region which dated back to the first half of the lsl millennium AD typologically con-
nected with the classical traditions of the Zarubintzy Culture and cultural development in
conditions of the Roman influences. Local late Zarubintzy population kept the traditions
and actively perceived new cultural impulses from neighbours. Some variations of pottery
might be caused by influences of the Kiev, Velbar, Chemyahovsk Cultures that points to
widespread interconnections between them.
397
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VOLUME 2
Part II
BELARUSIAN DNIEPER REGION AND POLESSE
OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1st MILLENNIUM AD
ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES OF THE HILL-FORT
AND OPEN-SETTLEMENT NEAR THE VILLAGE OF VEZHKI
OF DUBROVNO DISTRICT OF VITEBSK AREA IN 1994-1998
(Y. Kolosovsky)
The hill-fort and open-settlement of Vezhki is represented multilayered complex. The
lower cultural strata were connected with the Culture of Dnieper and Dvina, the upper ones
belonged to the 9th-llth centuries. But its middle period which could be dated back to the 6th-
7th centuries and associated with the Kolochyn Culture was much more substantial. The high
level of development of the craft pointed at the interests of the tribal aristocracy and local
population, various and prestigious set of jewelers and weapons testify that the complex of
Vezhki, as well as the synchronous complex of Nikodimovo in Gorki district of Mogilyov area
were the important tribal centers which supervised significant territory in the 6th-7th centuries.
Formation of new ethno cultural units in the late 7th — early 8th century AD at the enormous
territory of wooden and forest-steppe zones of the Eastern Europe had led to the great changes in
the Mogilyov and Orsha Dnieper region. The old tribal centers such as Vezhki were burnt.
MODERN POSITION AND PROBLEMS OF STUDYING
OF THE PRAGUE CULTURE IN BELARUS
(V. Vergei)
The Prague Culture has taken the central place among the Early Slavonic archeological
cultures which were identified in the 1940-50s. Now its sites are known in the territory of
Southern Belarus from Brest up to Mozyr. The first settlements and burial grounds of this
culture were found out in Belarusian Polesse by A. Kovalenya, S. Shutov, A. Lyavdansky
and R. Yakimovich in the 1920-30s. The settlement of Petrikov on the Pripyat River was
dated back to the middle of the 1st thousand AD by A. Lyavdansky in 1933. Widespread in-
vestigations of the hill-fort and open-settlement of Hotomel were conducted by Y. Kukha-
renko in the 1950-60s, new sites with the Prague pottery had been fixed by L. Pobol and
V. Isaenko, too. Expansion of the artifact base was connected with the new stage of re-
searches of the Prague antiquities in the 1980s. New excavations had been performed by
M. Gurin, Y. Zalashko, A. Egoreichenko and V. Vergei.
More over 50 sites of the Prague Culture presented mainly by open-settlements have
been fixed in the territory of Southern Belarus now. Few hill-forts and cremation flat graves
were also revealed.
Open-settlements were settled down on the banks of rivers and lakesides. The popula-
tion lived in the log semi subterranean constructions wEich w^ere heated by clay adobe stoves
398
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
or hearths from pieces of marsh ore, metallurgical slags or stones with parts of pottery.
House-holding items and sacral objects were discovered, too. The complex of iron extrac-
tion, consisting of clay shaft furnaces, forges and pits for charcoal was investigated on the
settlement of Snyadin-2.
The artifacts of the Prague settlements and burial grounds included mainly of clay
items. These are pots, frying pans, occasionally bowls, spindle whorls, sinkers. Knives,
nails, sickles, fishing hooks, forge tools, arrowheads and javelins were made of iron or steel.
Ornaments and parts of clothes were presented bronze and silver spirals, fibulas, ear
rings, pendants, belt sets, glass and clay beads.
The chronology of the Prague antiquities in the territory of Belarus is based on mor-
phology and technology of pottery and on few metal and glass artifacts. Generally the
Prague Culture is dated back to the middle 4th-7th centuries AD. The Prague settlements of
Ostrov, Snyadin and Petrikov arose in the middle and second half of the 4th century. The
hill-forts were erected in the late 6th century or in the late 6th - early 7th century AD.
The Prague Culture in Belarus was generated on a local basis as a result of cultural in-
teractions and the transformations which were taken place in Polesse regions in the first half
of the 1st millennium AD.
BELARUSIAN POLESSE IN THE LATE 7th-8ih CENTURIES
AND EARLY 10th CENTURY AD
(E. Kasyuk)
Belarusian Polesse was a part of area of the Raikovetskaya Culture in the last quarter of
the 1st millennium AD which was formed on the basis of the Slavonic Prague (Prague-
Korchak) Culture at the turn of the 7th-8th century. In its prime enormous area from the
Western Bug in the west to the Middle Dnieper in the east and from the Pripyat River in the
north to the Middle Southern Bug and the Dniester in the south was included.
Antiquities of the Raikovetskaya Culture or the Luka-Raikovetskaya Culture were first
carried out in the settlement near the landmark of Luka near the village of Raiki in Berdichev
region (Ukraine) (excavated by V. K. Goncharov in 1946-1947). The main part of the hill-
forts and open-settlements is known in Ukraine. Some burial fields, sacral places and also
iron production center were investigated in the Carpathian region.
Combining of the relative dating and absolute ones could be used to detect the
chronological limits of the Raikovetskaya Culture at the turn of the 7th-8th-9th-10th
centuries. It is possible to identify two chronological stages: the early (the late 7tll-8th
centuries) and the late ones (the 9th—10th centuries).
South Belarus presents more than 30 sites with materials of the Raikovetskaya Culture.
Wide-scale excavations were carried out on the hill-fort and open-settlement of Hotomel in
Stolin district and also on the hill-fort and open-settlement of Gorodische in Pinsk district,
Brest region. Some sites with cultural deposits of the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD
have been studied in the Western, Central and Eastern Polesse.
Artifacts of the Raikovetskaya Culture which might preset the early stage in Belarusian
Polesse were fixed in the settlements of Struga-1 (dwelling 3), Boriskovichi-1, Yurovichi-6,
Petrikov-2, Snyadin-3, Slobodka-1. This period could be characterized by semi subterranean
399
CjiaBsme Ha TeppHTopHH BejiapycH b ^orocyaapcTBeHHbiH nepHoa. Kama 2
log constructions heated by clay adobe hearth (Struga-1) or by the stone one (Boriskovichi-1,
Yurovichi-6). Artifacts dated back to the 9ih—10th were carried out in the settlements of
Hotomel and Gorodische and very few ones were also noted in the open-settlements
of Kuradovo-1 and Druzhba-2. Some of them pointed to the wide interactions with the tribes
of the Smolensk Dnieper and Dvina regions, the Dnieper, Don and Azov regions.
The hill-fort of Hotomel which had been almost completely excavated was a tribal
center with social, economic and political functions. According to topography and
collections it is rather similar to the synchronous early Slavonic sites in Ukraine (the hill-
forts of Zimno and Babka).
The archaeological complex of Gorodische of the late 8th—11th centuries could be an
open trade and craft settlement or pro-urban accumulated some administrative, military,
craft and commercial functions. Such settlements appeared in the late 1st millennium AD.
Their characteristic feature was inclusion into the international trade.
Burial mounds with cremation of the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD related to the
tribe of the Raikovetskaya Culture in Southern Belarus hadn’t been studied yet. They are
represented by ones near the villages of Radost, Voiskaya (Kamenetz district), Bereznitsa
(Pruzhany district), Shebrin (Brest region), Struga (Malorita district) and others.
Summarizing description of ethno-cultural situation in the Belarusian Polesse in the
last quarter of the 1st millennium AD is being connected with source studying, disproportion
and questions of chronology. They could be only solved by further accumulation of artifacts
and their further publications.
Part III
BELARUSIAN DVINA REGION
AND DNIEPER-DVINA INTERFLUVE
OF THE 1st MILLENNIUM AD
SITES OF THE HATCHED CERAMICS CULTURES
OF NORTH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL BELARUS
(A. Egoreichenko)
The Early Hatched Ceramics Culture occupied Northwestern Belarus, Northeastern
Lithuania and Southeastern Latvia. Only settlements of this culture are identified. They
were presented by hill-forts with inhabited platforms of 0,3-0,5 hectares which were mainly
located on hills. All constructions which were revealed were ground buildings with one-
room or some ones. They were heated by hearths of two types: with stones along the edges
or with clay rink outline. Burrow grounds haven’t been found out.
Pottery of the Early Hatched Ceramics Culture was represented by jar pots or light
profiled ones with chaotic hatches and sometimes decorated with dots. Bone and stone
pins, chisels, axes, spearheads, arrowheads and ornaments dominated in the materials.
Bronze items were rare and only the temporal ring and needle were found out on the hill-
fort of Ratyunki. Nevertheless, traces of casting could be testified by fragments of cruci-
400
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
bles, casting scoops and pieces of moulds for arm-rings and neck-rings. The economical
basis of the tribes of the Early Hatched Ceramics Culture was connected with cattle
breeding and partly with clearance crop-growing. Some role belonged to hunting and fish-
ery. The Early Hatched Ceramics Culture is dated back to the second half of the 2nd-lst
millennium BC.
The Late Hatched Ceramics Culture occupied much greater territory than the earlier
one and included not only Northwestern Belarus, Northeastern Lithuania and Southeastern
Latvia, but also Eastern Lithuania and Central Belarus. Only settlements of this culture are
identified, too. However they were more various and could be added by different types of
riversides hill-forts with moats and ramparts. Inhabited constructions were differing. Be-
sides ground buildings with one-room or some ones some log subterranean constructions
were also excavated. The ceramic complex is only characterized by ridge pots covered by
regular hatches. The part of pottery had been decorated with pinches or dots imprints or
drawn lines. Iron items such artifacts as tools, weapon, household things, pins were domi-
nated in the material culture. Bronze ornaments were more numerous than other ones. Clay
spindle whorls had been marked, too. The economical basis of these tribes was connected
with clearance crop-growing and cattle breeding. Additional role belonged to hunting and
fishery. Interactions with the tribes of the Zarubintzy Culture could be fixed on the early
stage and later prevailed with the provincial Roman Cultures. The Late Hatched Ceramics
Culture is dated back to the mid 1st century BC - mid 5th century AD. However the majority
of hill-forts might be disappeared in the 2nd—3rd AD.
NEW MATERIALS AND RESEARCHES OF THE SETTLEMENTS
AND BURIAL OBJECTS OF THE 1st MILLENNIUM AD
IN THE DNIEPER AND DVINA INTERFLUVE
(P. Kenko, S. Dernovich, A. Voitekhovich, V. Shadyro, P. Podgursky)
The hill-fort of Vitunichy
(P Kenko)
The site is located on the right riverside of the Ponya in 3,0 km to the west of the village
of Vitunichy in Dokshytsy district in Vitebsk region. The parts of burial mounds wrere fixed
to the south-west.
Materials which were obtained after investigations are being pointed to two stages of
settlement. Stone axes allow defining the bottom date of its existence as the late 2nd -
early 1st millennium BC and connected with the tribes of the Hatched Ceramics Culture.
The fragment of bronze decorated with red enamel brooch which is dated to the middle
2nd - the first half of the 3rd century had marked expiry date of the first period. The second
stage of the settlement could be brought out in the 8th-10th centuries and provided evi-
dence of Arabic dirhams, rhombic pendant, belt sets and bronze fragments of decorated
arm-rings.
401
CnaBime Ha TeppHTOpHH Eejiapycn b ^orocyaapcTBeHHbiif nepno,n. Kmiea 2
The open-settlement of Biruli II in system of synchronous antiquities
(P. Kenko, S. Dernovich)
The open-settlement of Biruli II is located on the right riverside of the Berezina in
Vitebsk region. The parts of burial mounds were fixed to the west. The site has been in-
vestigated since 2005. The limited extent of the excavations in the area with ploughed
cultural layers has submitted few opportunities to identify and date the structures as de-
tail as possible.
At the preliminary stage of investigations some archeological deposits which were ana-
lyzed might led to the interpretation of the settlement as the site with a number of chrono-
logical horizons. Few fragments of hand-made pottery with comb patterns, the bronze
enameled lunula and dark blue glass bead are dated to the 2nd-5th centuries AD and only
some of them could be associated with complex of the Kiev Culture. The next period has
been connected with the tribes of the Bantserovskaya Culture of the 6th-7th centuries and
not numerous ornaments, parts of belts, bronze ingots, Arabic dirhams and household items
were related to later phase and associated with the Krivichy in the 8th—10th centuries and the
Ancient Rus’ time. The final stage of its functioning is marked by artifacts of the Late Medi-
eval Ages.
Nevertheless the problems of chronological and cultural identifications it would note
high-status goods that circulated between the Dnieper region and the Baltic Sea zone.
Only after newT large-scale excavations it would be possible to present something pre-
cise about the structure of the site and its character and function.
Burial mounds with cremation in the Upper Ptich
(A. Voitekhovich)
Intensive moving into the region of the Upper Ptich had started in the 10th century.
Functioning of settlements might be correlated with burial mounds there. The last ones
which were located near the villages of Dubrovo, Ozertso, Priluki and Stukatichy presented
the off site cremation graves of the second half of the 10th - early 11th centuries as the
earliest. The majority of them were added by inhumations. Such burials as the barrow 2 of
Dubrovo and barrow 4 of Priluki could be simultaneous with cremation but others were
supplementary.
It should be observed that traces of wooden log constructions were their remarkable
feature. Some large stones in the northwestern part were imitation of the ground hearths and
rotted organic substance, probably bark or sod, reproduced the upper part and roof. Placing
of cremation remains inside of ground wooden log constructions or in the wooden boxes
was characteristic for Slavs at the southern territory of Rus, in particular the Borshevskaya
and the Luka-Raikovetskaya Cultures. The larger block ones might be identified to the
category of ground funeral chambers.
Grave goods, mainly, are being presented by fragments of pottery and female ornaments.
Only the greater variety had been fixed in barrows 1, 3, 5 of the^ burial mounds of Ozertso.
Male ones were presented by belt parts, iron detail of lash and half of a dirham. The female
grave goods contained cornelian, glass and metal beads. Except for it there were fragments
402
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
of ornaments from nonferrous metals: a crescent temporal ring, casting one with grape-
shaped ending, twisted neck-ring with cone-shaped ends and a fragment of boat-shaped
arm-ring.
Burials of the burial mound of Ozertso, comparing with regional synchronous
complexes could be marked off grave goods with characteristic elements of martial status
and with administrative and trade representatives. It is possible to consider female ornaments
which also pointed to social stratification and ethnic heterogeneity of the population that
could be connected with vicinity of the settlement on the Menka River.
Material culture of the archeological complex on Lake Selyava
in the Dnieper and Dvina interfluve (the lst-8th centuries AD)
(V Shadyro)
The hill-fort and open-settlement of Klishyno were investigated by V. Shadyro in 1999-
2010 is located on island of Lake Selyava in Krupki district in Minsk region. This specified
region is the part of watershed of the Baltic and Black seas and Lake Selyava connects the
Dnieper and Dvina river basins. The place is the part of contact zone of the Dnieper-Dvina
Culture and the Hatched Ceramics Cultures, too. The excavated area is 890 m2 and it pres-
ents over 400 artifacts coupled wnth tens thousand mass finds. Hoard of silver and bronze
ornaments of the 6th-7th centuries could be mentioned as one of the most remarkable items.
Rings, arm-rings, pendants, spirals, bells formed non-ferrous part of collection, as knives
sickles, axes, spearheads, arrowheads, pins, buckles, fishing hooks, needles made out a fer-
rous one. Clay artifacts as pottery, spindle whorls and sinkers were summarized and classi-
fied into corresponding types. Moulds and numeral bone amulets might be used to charac-
terize the production skills and religion aspects.
The basic material of archeological complex is dated to the lst-8th centuries AD. It reflects
the distinctive features of the late stage of the Dnieper-Dvina Culture and influence of the
Post-Zarubintzy (the Kiev type) antiquities and the subsequent development of a local variant
of the Bantserovshchina—Tushemlya Culture in the region of the Dnieper and Dvina inter-
fluves.
Materials of the Upper Dnieper variant of the Kiev Culture
of the open-settlement of Chernaya Loza
(P. Kenko)
The site is located on the left riverside of the Essa in 1,65 km to the north-east of the vil-
lage of Chernaya Loza in Chashniki district in Vitebsk region. It was studied in 2007-2008
and only 42 m2 were found out.
Hand crude and polished pottery, glass and clay beads, spindle whorls, crucibles, iron
crook-shaped pin, enameled fibula and some flint tools and arrowheads had formed the col-
lection of artifacts. These items might be used to set out several chronological periods.
Among them the cultural layer which is dated back to the second quarter of the 1st milleni-
um AD and connected with materials of the Kiev Culture is remarkable. Artifacts of the
Northern-Belarusian Cultures of tribes of the Late Neolith and the Early Bronze Age were
mixed up with others.
403
CnaBsme Ha TeppHxopHH Bejiapycn b ¿corocyziapcTBeHHi iif nepuon. Knuaa 2
Archeological researches in the place of Novoe Selo (preliminary results)
(P. Podgursky)
The hill-fort of Novoe Selo is located in Senno district of Vitebsk area on the bank of
the river of Svecha which is the left inflow of the West Dvina River. This zone directly con-
tacts to the inflows of the Dnieper River, on which the tribes of the Kiev Culture (the type of
Abidnya) moved ahead on the north in the 2nd-4th centuries AD. Antiquities of the Culture
of Long Barrows which were extended from the north in the 8th-9th centuries were marked
in the region. These phenomena had found reflection in materials of the hill-fort of Novoe
Selo. The lower layer contained as grating pottery as the Culture of Dnieper and Dvina
ones, sinker of the Dyakovo type. Hatched and scratched potteries were found out in the
middle layer and also a bead of the Chernyakhov type, knives and clay spindle sinkers were
fixed. Pottery of the Culture of Long Barrows of the 8th-9th centuries was obtained in the
upper layer. Weapons and jewelries such as crook-shaped pins and pendants correspond to
the main periods of settlement functions.
CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE 1st MILLENNIUM AD
AT THE TERRITORY OF THE VITEBSK DVINA REGION
AND THE EASTERN PART OF THE DNIEPER AND DVINA INTERFLUVE
(O. Levko)
The archeological complex of Gorodok at Lake Lugovoe
It is located on the outskirt of Gorodok in the Vitebsk Dvina region and presented by the
open-settlement, the long and round barrows. Materials of the open-settlement such as pot-
tery and artefacts which were belonged to the same stratigraphic layers could be dated back
to the 3rd—10th centuries. Scratched ceramics, frying pans and the bead of the Chernyahov
type from the lower culture strata might be associated with the Culture of the Abidnya type,
the middle one is corresponded with as pottery of the Bantserovschyna and Tushemlya Cul-
ture as clay spindle sinkers, spear-head and sickles of the Long Barrows Culture of the 8th-
9th centuries. The upper layer, as well as the investigated barrows 1 and 2 were presented pot-
tery of the early-the second half of the 10th century. Barrow 1 contained also the half of dir-
ham and the archaic wheel-made funeral urns with straight slanted brims decorated with
straight and wavy lines. Similar but more quality vessels were in the barrow 2. Parts of crema-
tion were fixed in the urns in the added level of the south-eastern sector. As a whole, the com-
plex is presented by the population which had moved from the Dnieper region in the second
quarter of the 1st millennium AD. Later they developed their cultural traditions at the certain
mixture with inhabitants of the Cultures of the wooden zone of the Eastern Europe.
Burial sites of the second half of the 1st millennium AD
on the waterways of Vitebsk and Orsha region
Barrows of the second half of the 1st millennium AD were investigated in the zone of
portages from the rivers of Velikaya and Lovat into the Vitebsk Dvina region and further
into the Orsha Dnieper region. The elongated barrows 3, 5 and 15 of the burial site of Smol-
ki and the hillock-like mound near the village of Mazolovo were investigated in the Vitebsk
404
S. D. Dernovich. Summary
Dvina region. They dated back to the 7th-8th centuries. The long barrow 1 and round mounds
2, 3 of the burial ground 2 at Lake Orekhovskoye-Perevolochno were excavated too. Ac-
cording to the cremations in the upper part and funeral urns they could be dated back to the
7th—8th centuries. Barrows in the zone of portages presented the integrated area of antiqui-
ties of the Culture of Long Barrows of the middle stage as in the Vitebsk Dvina region as in
the Orsha Dnieper region, extended from Pskov region.
Specificity of the funeral sites of the late quarter
of the 1st millennium AD in the Upper Drut
The burial mounds with cremation on the added level which dated back to the 9th-10th
centuries were characteristic in the Upper Drut at the territory of Tolochin and Krugloe dis-
tricts. Parts of cremation were fixed in the funeral urns as in the wooden facings as sepa-
rately (seven ones in the mounds of Senchuki, Arava and Zagorodye, Drozdovo, Arava, Ka-
zimirovka and Shupeni). Funeral parts were located in south-eastern sector of a barrow, or
in the central part of mound. Urns from barrows presented variety of forms of wheel-made
pottery which as a funeral ceremony might be associated with the southern cultures of the
9th—10th centuries (the Raikovetskaya and Romenskaya Cultures). One more feature of a fu-
neral ceremony in the Upper Drut presence of so-called gift. These artifacts were located in
the upper part of the mound or less often in the lower parts under the burials. This tradition
was tracked in burials with cremation (the places of Kazimirovka, Shupeni and Arava) and
also in burial grounds of the mixed type in burials with inhumation (the place of Drozdovo).
The southern character of a funeral ceremony in the Upper Drut hadn’t rendered essential
influence even occurrence in burials with inhumation (at the turn of the 10th-llth centuries)
the artifacts of the Krivichy type. The advancement of the Krivichy into the region was
fixed from the north.
RELIGIOUS REPRESENTATIONS AND CULTS OF THE SLAVS
IN BELARUS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1st MILLENIUM AD
(E. Zaikovsky)
Presence of Slavs in territory of Belarus is connected with the Prague archeological
Culture, and also with the Luka-Raikovetskaya Culture which was generated on the basis of
the Prague Culture and involved the same area and spread out in the northern direction.
Some information about religious ideas of early Slavs had been presented after
excavation of the settlement of Snyadin-3 in Petrikov district. The rests of semi subterranean
construction with sacrificial pits were found out. Nearby the slag paved platform with traces
of sacrifices which was used for execution of pagan rituals were discovered, too. The
dwelling and cult complex might be connected with people wfio took part in iron
manufacturing.
Today some hypotheses about magic and ritual functions of artifacts were put forward.
This group is being presented by clay pieces which were characteristic for the Prague
Culture and could be added with knives with volute-shaped endings dated back to the first
half 7th-8th century. Probably they were also corresponded with snake image with all
following functions in the sacral sphere connected with a cult of ancestors and home, and
405
CjiaBsme Ha TeppHTopna Eejiapycn b Aorocy^apcTBeHHwir nepHOA* Kuuaa 2
also agrarian, meteorological and preventive magic. The same ritual meanings might be
carried out pottery with schematic signs which were associated with graphic image of the
lightning and thunder-storm god was revealed in the open-settlement of Hotomel in Stolin
district.
Few settlements such as the hill-forts of Hotomel, Radogoscha and Verhovlyany
correlated with the tribes of the Prague Culture, the Luka-Raikovetskaya Culture had
presented as public and administrative features as cult ones.
Other pagan Slavonic sanctuaries of the late 1st millenium AD were sacrificial platforms
without any outward attributes. The sacrificial platform of Hodosovichy in Rogachev district
was located on a sandy dune of Lake Svyatoe. The central part represented a circle with the
idol surrounded by paling and crescent pits where bonfire and sacrificial offerings were
fixed. Nearby from this one was the similar but smaller place which was devoted to a minor
deity. Two barrows with only the rests sacrificed animals of the burial mound of Holmech in
Rechytsa district could be identified as sacrificial items in cemeteries. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- Marzaljuk, Ihar Aljaksandravič 1968- Drobuševskij, Aleksandr Ivanovič 1961- |
| author2 | Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | v m l vm vml |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138006377 (DE-588)137170408 (DE-588)1102540986 |
| author_facet | Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- Marzaljuk, Ihar Aljaksandravič 1968- Drobuševskij, Aleksandr Ivanovič 1961- Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- |
| author_variant | v m l vm vml i a m ia iam a i d ai aid |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043583737 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)951394571 (DE-599)BVBBV043583737 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Festschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV043583737 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T11:09:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789850819611 |
| language | Russian Belarusian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028998332 |
| oclc_num | 951394571 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 408 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | "Belaruskaja navuka" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach Knyha 2 avtory: O.N. Levko, I.A. Marzaljuk, A.I. Drobuševskij [und 16 weitere] ; naučnye redaktory: doktor istoričeskich nauk, professor O.N. Levko, kandidat istoričeskich nauk V.H. Belevec Minsk "Belaruskaja navuka" 2016 408 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- (DE-588)138006377 aut edt Marzaljuk, Ihar Aljaksandravič 1968- (DE-588)137170408 aut Drobuševskij, Aleksandr Ivanovič 1961- (DE-588)1102540986 aut (DE-604)BV043583694 2 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028998332&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028998332&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Ljaŭko, Volʹha Mikalaeŭna 1947- Marzaljuk, Ihar Aljaksandravič 1968- Drobuševskij, Aleksandr Ivanovič 1961- Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016928-5 |
| title | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach |
| title_auth | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach |
| title_exact_search | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach |
| title_full | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach Knyha 2 avtory: O.N. Levko, I.A. Marzaljuk, A.I. Drobuševskij [und 16 weitere] ; naučnye redaktory: doktor istoričeskich nauk, professor O.N. Levko, kandidat istoričeskich nauk V.H. Belevec |
| title_fullStr | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach Knyha 2 avtory: O.N. Levko, I.A. Marzaljuk, A.I. Drobuševskij [und 16 weitere] ; naučnye redaktory: doktor istoričeskich nauk, professor O.N. Levko, kandidat istoričeskich nauk V.H. Belevec |
| title_full_unstemmed | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach Knyha 2 avtory: O.N. Levko, I.A. Marzaljuk, A.I. Drobuševskij [und 16 weitere] ; naučnye redaktory: doktor istoričeskich nauk, professor O.N. Levko, kandidat istoričeskich nauk V.H. Belevec |
| title_short | Slavjane na territorii Belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period |
| title_sort | slavjane na territorii belarusi v dogosudarstvennyj period k 90 letiju so dnja rozdenija doktora istoriceskich nauk professora leonida davydovica pobolja v dvuch knigach |
| title_sub | k 90-letiju so dnja roždenija doktora istoričeskich nauk, professora Leonida Davydoviča Pobolja : v dvuch knigach |
| topic_facet | Festschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028998332&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028998332&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043583694 |
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