Private company law reform in Europe: the race for flexibility
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cizur Menor (Navarra)
Aranzadi
2015
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| Ausgabe: | Primera edición |
| Schriftenreihe: | Estudios
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | También en pie de imprenta: Instituto de Derecho de Mercado y de la Competencia ; Herbert Smith Freehills |
| Beschreibung: | 771 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9788490599419 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Private company law reform in Europe |b the race for flexibility |c A. Jorge Viera González, Christoph Teichmann (edited by) ; Deirdre Ahern ... [und 19 andere] ; coordinated by Ma Dolores Arranz Madrid |
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE 33
ABBREVIATIONS 39
BELGIUM
CLOSED CORPORATIONS IN BELGIUM 49
MARIEKE WYCKAERT / KOEN GEENS
I. INTRODUCTION 49
II. THE CLOSED CORPORATION IN BELGIUM 54
1. THE EXISTING BELGIAN SITUATION 54
1.1. THE USE OF COMPANY FORMS WITH FULL LEGAL PERSONA-
LITY 54
1.2.1. INTRODUCTION 54
1.1.2. THE PUBLIC, THE PRIVATE AND THE COOPERATIVE
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY 54
1.2.3. INCORPORATIONS IN BELGIUM OVER THE PERIOD
2005-2012 57
1.2. CLOSED CORPORATIONS IN BELGIUM - MAIN CHARACTE-
RISTICS 59
1.2.1 GOVERNANCE 59
2.2.2. THE PRIVATE LTD HAS A FULLY FLEDGED BUT LIGHT
CAPITAL REGIME 62
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
1.2.3. THE CLOSED CHARACTER OF THE PRIVATE LTD 66
1.2.4. THE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM (FORCED EX-
PULSION AND FORCED RETREAT) 69
2.2.5. THE SINGLE MEMBER PRIVATE LTD 70
1.2.6. CONCLUSION 71
1.3. THE S-PRIVATE LTD OR THE BELGIAN LIGHT VEHICLE: HI-
GHLIGHTS 72
1.3.1. WHY THE S-PRIVATE LTD HAS BEEN CALLED INTO
EXISTENCE 72
1.3.2. MAIN FEATURES OF THE S-PRIVATE LTD 72
2.3.3 THE TAX ASPECTS 75
2.3.4. THE S-PRIVATE LTD IN FIGURES 76
1.4. THE BELGIAN PRIVATE LTD AND THE PROPOSAL FOR THE
SUP 77
III. BELGIUM IN THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE: A FEW THOUGHTS ON THE
PRIVATE LIMITED OF THE FUTURE 78
2. THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PRIVATE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: ARE
THERE ANY? 78
2. THE FUTURE OF THE PRIVATE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY IN BELGIUM ....
79
3. WHAT COULD BE THE FUNDAMENTALS OF A PRIVATE LIMITED LIABILITY
COMPANY? 83
BIBLIOGRAPHY 84
DENMARK
THE REGULATION OF CLOSE CORPORATIONS IN DANISH
COMPANY LAW IN AN INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY
CONTEXT 87
METTE NEVILLE
1. INTRODUCTION 88
PART I: THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY CONTEXT 89
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
2.1. EU INITIATIVES AND WAVES OF REFORM 89
2.2. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL COMPANIES 96
3. CLOSE CORPORATIONS IN DANISH COMPANY LAW 98
3.1 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL COMPANIES IN DANISH
COMPANY LAW 98
3.2. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE DANISH COMPANY LAW REFORMS OF SPE-
CIAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CLOSE CORPORATIONS 99
3.2.1. REFORMS AND AMENDMENTS 1973 - 2008 99
3.2.2. THE MODERNISATION OF THE DANISH COMPANY LAWS
IN 2009 AND THE REVISION IN 2013 102
3.3. THE METHOD OF REGULATION 105
PART II: THE CONTENT OF THE DANISH COMPANY LAW 108
4. COMPANY FORMATION 109
4.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROMOTERS OF A COMPANY 109
4.2. REGISTRATION OF THE COMPANY 109
5. MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND PAYING UP CAPITAL 110
5.1 MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS IN PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES .... 110
5.1.1. PARTIAL PAYMENT OF CAPITAL ILL
5.1.2. PAYMENT BY NON-CASH CONTRIBUTIONS 112
5.1.3. SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITIONS 112
5.2. MINIMUM CAPITAL IN ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPANIES 113
5.2.1. PAYMENT OF CAPITAL 114
6. CAPITAL SHARES 116
7. THE RULES ON THE PROTECTION OF CAPITAL 117
7.1. THE RULES ON THE PROTECTION OF CAPITAL IN PRIVATE LIMITED COMPA-
NIES 117
7.1.1. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 118
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
7.1.1.1. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO PARENT COMPANIES,
SHAREHOLDERS, MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT AND
OTHERS 118
7.1.1.2. FINANCING OF A THIRD PARTY S ACQUISITION OF
SHARES (SELF-FINANCING) 119
71.2. OWN SHARES 119
71.3. EXTRAORDINARY DIVIDENDS 121
71.4. RULES ON PROTECTION OF THE CAPITAL OF PRIVATE COMPA-
NIES - OBSOLETE BEFORE COMING INTO FORCE? 121
7.2. RULES ON THE PROTECTION OF THE CAPITAL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPA-
NIES 122
8. THE FINANCING OF COMPANIES 127
9. THE INTERNAL ORGANISATION OF THE CLOSE CORPORATION 128
9.1. TRANSFERS OF SHARES-CONTROL OVER THE COMPOSITION OF OWNERSHIP ..
129
9.2. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE 130
9.2.1. DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTOR S 132
9.2.2. SPECIFIC CONDUCT RULES 133
9.2.3. EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATION 135
9.3. SHAREHOLDERS POWERS (THE GENERAL MEETING) 136
9.3.L THE DECISIONS OF THE GENERAL MEETING 137
9.3.2. THE GENERAL CLAUSE 139
10. SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENTS ON DECISION MAKING 141
11. CONFLICT RESOLUTION 142
12. GROUPS 145
13. CROSS-BORDER CHANGE OF DOMICILE 147
PART III: THE SPE AND/OR THE SMC FROM A DANISH PERSPECTIVE 148
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
FRANCE
CHAPTER ON FRENCH COMPANY LAW 157
HUBERT SEGAIN
I. INTRODUCTION 157
II. THE SOCIETE ANONYME 159
1. CHARACTERISTICS 159
L.L RULES GOVERNING CREATION 160
1.2. REGULATION OF CAPITAL ISSUES 165
1.3. REGULATION OF CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING 174
1.4. TRANSPARENCY OBLIGATIONS 181
1.5. LIABILITY OF MANAGERS 183
1.6. RULES GOVERNING THE END OF CORPORATE EXISTENCE 185
2. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 188
2.1. ADVANTAGES 188
2.2. DISADVANTAGES 189
III. THE SOCIETE A RESPONSABILITE LIMITEE 190
2. CHARACTERISTICS 190
1.1 RULES GOVERNING CREATION 190
1.2. REGULATION OF CAPITAL ISSUES 192
1.3. REGULATION OF CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING 195
1.4. TRANSPARENCY OBLIGATIONS 198
1.5. LIABILITY OF MANAGERS 198
1.6. RULES GOVERNING THE END OF CORPORATE EXISTENCE 198
2. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 199
2.1. ADVANTAGES 199
2.2. DISADVANTAGES 199
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
IV. THE SOCIETE PAR ACTIONS SIMPLIFIEE 200
2. CHARACTERISTICS 200
1.1. RULES GOVERNING CREATION 200
1.2. REGULATION OF CAPITAL ISSUES 200
1.3. REGULATION OF CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING 204
1.5. LIABILITY OF MANAGERS 206
1.6. RULES GOVERNING THE END OF CORPORATE EXISTENCE 206
2. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 207
2.1. ADVANTAGES 207
2.2. DISADVANTAGES 207
GERMANY
EXPERIENCES WITH THE COMPETITION OF REGULATORS
- A GERMAN PERSPECTIVE 209
CHRISTOPH TEICHMANN / RALF KNAIER
I. INTRODUCTION: GERMAN GMBH LAW IN THE COMPETITION BE-
TWEEN JURISDICTIONS 210
2. BASIS OF THE COMPETITION BETWEEN JURISDICTIONS IN COMPANY LAW 210
2. WIDE DISCREPANCIES IN ATTRACTIVENESS AMONG THE MEMBER STATES 212
II. GERMANY S ANSWER TO THE LIMITED: THE GMBH REFORM 2008 .... 213
2. THE LIMITED BOOM 2003-2006 213
2. THE GERMAN GMBH REFORM 2008 214
2.1. INCREASING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE GMBH IN THE
COMPETITION BETWEEN JURISDICTIONS 215
2.2.2. REPEAL OF TRADE LAW LICENSES 215
2.2.2. MODEL NOTARIAL DEED 215
2.2.3. CREDITING SOLUTION FOR CONCEALED CONTRIBU-
TIONS-IN-KIND 216
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
2.1.4. THE ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPANY (UNTERNEH-
MERGESELLSCHAFT (HAFTUNGSBESCHRANKT)) 217
2.2. TRANSFER OF CREDITOR PROTECTION TO INSOLVENCY LAW ... 218
2.2.1. OBLIGATION TO MAKE INSOLVENCY APPLICATION .... 218
2.22. SHAREHOLDER LOANS ( EIGENKAPITALERSATZ ) 219
2.3. OTHER REFORMS 219
2.3.1. CASH POOLING 219
2.3.2, PURCHASER OF SHARES IN GOOD FAITH 220
3. CROSS-BORDER USE OF THE UG 220
3.1. COMPANY WITH MANAGEMENT CENTRE OUTSIDE GER-
MANY 220
3.2. DISPARITY IN ATTRACTIVENESS BETWEEN THE JURISDIC-
TIONS 221
HI. PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING EMPIRICAL DATA 223
1. OBJECTIVE 223
2. PERIOD COVERED BY THE SURVEY 223
3. CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE DATA 224
IV. RESULTS OF THE DATA EVALUATION 225
1. OVERALL 225
2. CAPITAL 228
3. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF AUSTRIAN UGS 229
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 234
BIBLIOGRAPHY 236
IRELAND
CLOSE CORPORATIONS: A COMMON LAW WORLD PERS-
PECTIVE - THE CASE OF IRELAND 243
DEIRDRE AHERN
I. INTRODUCTION 244
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
II. THE CLOSE CORPORATION IN IRELAND 245
1. EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE COMPANY FROM CHARTERED CORPORATION
TO PRIVATE COMPANY MODEL 245
2. PRIVATE COMPANY TYPES 247
2.1. THE PRIVATE COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES 248
2.2. MEMBERSHIP 248
2.3. RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER 249
2.4. NO MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS 249
2.5. RULES CONCERNING THE MAINTENANCE OF CAPITAL 250
2.6. LIMITED LIABILITY 252
2.7. BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP 252
3. KEY REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1990 253
3.1. THE RESTRICTION AND DISQUALIFICATION REGIME 253
3.2. LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF SIMULTANEOUS DIRECTORS-
HIPS 253
3.3. THE AUDIT EXEMPTION FOR SMALL COMPANIES 253
3.4. REQUIREMENT OF EEA RESIDENT DIRECTOR / BOND 254
4. INCORPORATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 255
4.1. INCORPORATION 255
4.2. CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTATION 256
4.3. SHAREHOLDERS AGREEMENTS 257
4.4. POWER BALANCE BETWEEN COMPANY ORGANS 258
4.5. SHARE TRANSFERS 258
III. FUNCTIONS OF THE SPE AND THE SINGLE MEMBER COMPANY 258
1. THE SPE - TOO MUCH, TOO SOON? 258
1.1. BACKGROUND 258
1.2. A SUPRANATIONAL COMPANY FORM 260
1.3. REQUIREMENT OF A CROSS-BORDER ELEMENT * 261
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.4. MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS 262
1.5. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION 262
1.6. SEAT 262
1.7. AN UNNECESSARY REFORM? 263
2. THE SINGLE MEMBER COMPANY IN IRELAND 263
3. PROPOSED EU REVITALISATION OF THE SINGLE MEMBER COMPANY .... 265
3.1. BACKGROUND 265
3.2. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 267
3.3. TRANSFER OF SEAT 267
3.4. OTHER MATTERS REQUIRING CONSIDERATION 268
IV. NATIONAL REFORM PROCESSES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH RE*
FORM IN OTHER MEMBER STATES 269
1. IRISH NATIONAL REFORMS 269
1.1. BACKGROUND 269
1.2. NEW COMPANY FORMS 270
1.3. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS 271
2. REFLECTIONS ON EUROPEAN REGULATORY APPROACHES TO DATE 272
3. REGULATORY COMPETITION IN PERSPECTIVE 274
3.1. COMPETITION IN THE ABSENCE OF HARMONISATION 274
3.2. CREDITOR PROTECTION MECHANISMS 276
3.3. REAL SEAT VERSUS PLACE OF INCORPORATION 278
V. CONCLUSION 279
BIBLIOGRAPHY 280
ITALY
CLOSE COMPANIES IN ITALY 285
ROLANDINO GUIDOTTI
I. INTRODUCTION 285
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
II. COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES 286
III. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP BY SHARES 292
IV. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY 294
1. AMENDMENTS TO COMMON LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY IN
2013 297
2. THE SIMPLIFIED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY (S.RL.S.): NEW ART.
2463 BIS C.C 298
3. THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY WITH REDUCED CAPITAL 301
4. INNOVATIVE START-UP INCORPORATED AS LIMITED LIABILITY COM-
PANY 303
V. THE SINGLE MEMBER COMPANIES: THE SOLE QUOTA HOLDER (S.R.L.)
AND THE SOLE SHAREHOLDER (S.RA.) 306
VI. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ITALIAN REFORMS AND THE SITUATION IN
SOME OTHER MEMBER STATES 310
VIL REASONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EUROPEAN PRIVATE COM-
PANY 314
BIBLIOGRAPHY 318
LITHUANIA
THE LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS ON LITHUANIAN
CLOSE CORPORATION AND THE PROPOSALS OF REFORM
INEULAW 325
VIRGINIJUS BITE / GINTARE GUMULIAUSK1ENE
L INTRODUCTION 325
II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATION OF PRIVATE COMPANIES IN LI-
THUANIA 326
1 INTRODUCING OF REGULATION ON PRIVATE COMPANIES IN THE YEAR
1990 326
2. DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN REGULATION OF PRIVATE COMPANIES IN THE
PERIOD 1994-2013 339
2.1. THE REFORM OF THE LAW ON COMPANIES IN 1994 339
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
2.2. THE AMENDMENTS OF THE LAW ON COMPANIES IN
1998 342
2.3. THE REFORM OF THE LAW ON COMPANIES IN 2000 345
2.4. THE REFORM OF THE LAW ON COMPANIES IN 2003 349
2.5. RECENT INITIATIVES AND CHANGES OF UAB LEGAL REGU-
LATIONS 351
3. THE INTRODUCTION OF THE SMALL PARTNERSHIP FORM (2012) 358
III. THE NEED FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION INITIATIVES IN THE AREA OF
PRIVATE COMPANIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON LITHUANIAN SMES 361
1. PROPOSAL ON THE STATUTE FOR A EUROPEAN PRIVATE COMPANY ......... 361
2. INITIATIVE ON THE REGULATION OF SINGLE-MEMBER PRIVATE LIMITED
LIABILITY COMPANIES 368
IV, CONCLUSIONS 372
REFERENCES 374
LUXEMBOURG
THE REFORM OF THE CLOSE CORPORATION IN LUXEM-
BOURG 387
PIERRE-HENRI CONAC
I. INTRODUCTION 387
II. PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANIES 391
2. THE REFORM OF THE PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY 391
2. THE SIMPLIFIED PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY 394
III. PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES 397
1. THE REFORM OF THE SARL 397
2. THE PROPOSED SIMPLIFIED SARL 400
IV. CONCLUSION 402
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
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NETHERLANDS
TOWARDS A NEW PRIVATE COMPANY LAW. HISTORY OF
AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE 2012 FUNDAMENTAL OVER-
HAUL OF DUTCH COMPANY LAW AND A EUROPEAN PERS-
PECTIVE ON THE PROPOSALS FOR A EUROPEAN PRIVATE
COMPANY (SPE AND SUP) 405
HARM-JAN DE KLUIVER
I. INTRODUCTION 406
II. PREPARATION OF THE NEW LEGISLATION IN THE NETHERLANDS 407
1. THE PRIVATE COMPANY LAW EXPERT CROUP 407
2. EXTENDED CONSULTATION AND SUBMISSION OF THE BILL TO PARLIAMENT
408
HI. THE FLEX-BV ACT CAME INTO FORCE ON 1 OCTOBER 2012 408
IV. THE FLEX-BV ACT AND THE ACT ON GOVERNANCE AND SUPERVISION
OF DUTCH COMPANIES 409
V. CORE THEMES AND KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE FLEX-BV ACT (AND THE
GOVERNANCE AND SUPERVISION ACT) 410
1. INTRODUCTION 410
2. BACKGROUND OF THE NEW LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTI-
VE 411
3. ONE COMPANY FORM AS BASIS FOR BROAD RANGE OF APPLICATIONS 413
VI. ACCESSIBILITY OF THE FLEX-BV AND THE DEMISE OF LEGAL CAPITAL
RULES 413
VII. INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND FREEDOM OF DESIGN 414
1. SHAREHOLDERS, MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISORY BOARDS 414
2. THE RIGHT OF SHAREHOLDERS TO GIVE INSTRUCTIONS TO THE MANAGE-
MENT BOARD 415
3. THE GENERAL MEETING OF THE SHAREHOLDERS, DECISION-MAKING OUT-
SIDE OF THE MEETING AND THE POSITION OF DEPOSITARY RECEIPT HOL-
DERS 416
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
4. FLEX BV AND CO-DETERMINATION; THE DUTCH LARGE COMPANY REGI-
ME 416
VIII. SHARE TRANSFER RULES, ADDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS FOR SHAREHOLDERS
AND SHAREHOLDER DISPUTE RESOLUTION 418
1. MANDATORY SHARE TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS HAVE BEEN ABOLISHED 418
2. ADDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS FOR SHAREHOLDERS 419
3. DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE BUY-OUT EXPULSION REMEDY 420
IX. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE RULES HAVE BEEN ABOLISHED 421
X. PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES (IN PARTICULAR CREDITORS) 422
1. THE LAW ON DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS PRIOR TO THE FLEX BV
ACT COMING INTO FORCE 422
2. THE NEW APPROACH BY THE FLEX BV ACT 424
3. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE NEW RULE ON DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE FLEX
BVACT 425
4. THE POWERS OF THE MANAGING BOARD ALSO COVERS BUY-BACK AND
REDEMPTION OF SHARES BY THE COMPANY 427
5. LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS FOR DISTRIBUTIONS MADE TO
SHAREHOLDERS 428
XL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 430
XII. AN EVALUATION FROM AN EU PERSPECTIVE : 431
1. SUPRANATIONAL LEGAL FORMS: THE FAILED SPE PROPOSAL 432
2. SINGLE MEMBER COMPANY. THE SUP AS THE BETTER SUBSIDIARY
SOLUTION 434
3. EU INITIATIVES AND NATIONAL PRIVATE COMPANY LAW; TOWARDS A
GOOD FIT 438
XIII. CONCLUSIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD 441
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
POLAND
POLISH LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: A CASE FOR MO-
DERNISING THE CORPORATE FINANCIAL STRUCTURE 443
ADAM OPALSKI / KRZYSZTOF OPLUSTIL
I. THE POLISH LLC AND ITS FINANCIAL STRUCTURE 443
IL THE DRAFT LAW ON MODERNISING THE FINANCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE
POLISH LLC 449
1 GENERAL CONCEPT OF THE REFORM 449
2. THE MECHANICS OF THE SYSTEM 455
3. NEW INSTRUMENTS TO PROTECT CREDITORS 458
III. CLOSING REMARKS 460
PORTUGAL
THE PORTUGUESE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY (SOCIE-
DADE POR QUOTAS) AND THE MAJOR CHANGES OVER
THE LAST TWO DECADES 461
PAULO OLAVO CUNHA
I. INTRODUCTION: FRAMING THE TOPIC 463
II. LEGAL REGIME OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY 465
1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND SHAREHOLDERS LIABILITY 465
1.1. APPLICABLE LAW 465
1.2. LIABILITY FRAMEWORK 466
12.1 GENERAL 466
12.2. LIABILITY TOWARDS CORPORATE CREDITORS 467
2. CORPORATE NAME 467
3. EQUITY 468
4. MOST RELEVANT FEATURES OF LLC 468
4.1. IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA 468
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4.2. THE IDENTITY OF THE CORPORATE TYPE 469
4.3. FUNDAMENTAL SUBSTANTIVE ASPECTS 470
4.3.1. (APPARENT) LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 470
4.3.2. THE PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY AS A CLOSED COM-
PANY 470
4.3.3. SIMPLE BODIES STRUCTURE OFLLC 471
4.4. STRUCTURE OF THE EQUITY: THE PERSONALIZATION OF LLC
472
4.5. TAX REGIME 472
III. THE LLC ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION 473
I CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTENT 473
2. MANDATORY PROVISIONS 473
2.1. CORPORATE TYPE AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES 473
2.2. CORPORATE NAME 474
2.3. CORPORATE PURPOSE 475
2.4. REGISTERED OFFICE 475
2.4.1. CONCEPT AND CHANGE OF LOCATION 475
2.4.2. OTHER CORPORATE FACILITIES 476
2.5. SHARE CAPITAL 477
2.5.1. CONCEPT 477
2.5.2. LEGAL RESERVES 477
2.5.3. SHARE CAPITAL VARIATIONS 478
2.5.4. LLC UNDERCAPITALIZATION AND REMEDIES 478
2.6. AMOUNT OF PARTICIPATION AND THE NATURE OF THE EN-
TRY OF EACH SHAREHOLDER 479
2.7. FISCAL YEAR CLOSURE DATE 479
2.8. BODIES STRUCTURE OF LLC 480
3. OPTIONAL CONTENT OF LLCS BY-LAWS 481
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
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3.1. PARTICIPATION IN COMPANIES OF DIFFERENT CORPORATE
PURPOSE 481
3.2. LIABILITY TOWARDS CORPORATE CREDITORS 482
3.3. AUTHORIZATION TO ISSUE BONDS 482
3.4. CLAUSES ON DISTRIBUTION OF PROFITS 483
3.5. SUPPLEMENTARY OBLIGATIONS 483
3.6. (CLAUSES THAT ESTABLISH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR) ANCI-
LLARY OBLIGATIONS 484
3.7. (CLAUSES ON) SALE OF THE PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHT IN THE
SUBSCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL INCREASES IN CASH 484
3.8. (CLAUSES ON) APPOINTMENT OF MANAGERS AND LIQUI-
DATORS 484
3.9. APPOINTMENT OF A COMPANY SECRETARY, WHEN OPTIO-
NAL 485
3.10. ALLOCATION OF SPECIAL BENEFITS TO QUOTAHOLDERS 485
3.11. SPECIAL RIGHTS 485
3.12. AMORTIZATION OF QUOTAS 485
3.13. OTHER CONTRACTUAL RULES 486
IV. POWERS AND DUTIES OF QUOTAHOLDERS 487
1. THE CORPORATE STATUS , 487
1.1. COMPLEX SITUATION TOWARDS THE COMPANY 487
1.2. BURDENS AND LEGAL EXPECTATIONS 488
2. DUTIES 489
2.1. IN GENERAL 489
2.2. OBLIGATION OF ENTRY 489
2.2.2. CHARACTERIZATION 489
2.2.2. COMPOSITION AND AMOUNT OF ENTRIES 490
A) TYPES OF ASSETS 490
B) VALUE OF ENTRY 492
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
2.2.3. TIMING TO IMPLEMENT ENTRIES 493
2.2A. DELAY 494
2.3. THE PARTICIPATION IN LOSSES; MEANING AND SCOPE 495
2.4. ANCILLARY OBLIGATIONS 495
2.4.1 OBLIGATIONS OF ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS
495
2.4.2. (OTHER) ANCILLARY OBLIGATIONS 497
2.4.3. SHAREHOLDERS LOANS 498
3. SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS 501
3.1. CORPORATE RIGHTS 501
3.1.1. GENERAL RIGHTS 501
3.12. SPECIAL RIGHTS 504
3.2. EXTRA-CORPORATE RIGHTS 505
4. RIGHT TO PROFITS 506
5. VOTING RIGHTS 510
6. RIGHT TO INFORMATION 511
V. SHAREHOLDINGS 512
1 QUOTAS 512
1.1. OWNERSHIP AND CO-OWNERSHIP 512
1.2. OWN QUOTAS 514
1.3. RESTRICTIONS ON THE OWNERSHIP OF QUOTAS 515
13.1 GENERAL ISSUES 515
13.2. USUFRUCT OF QUOTAS 516
13.3. PLEDGE OF QUOTAS 517
2. TRANSFER OF QUOTAS 518
2.1. DEFAULT FRAMEWORK 518
2.2. LEGAL REGIME OF TRANSFER OF QUOTAS 520
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
2.3. COMPANY S CONSENT AND THE (CONVENTIONAL)
PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHT OF QUOTAHOLDERS 521
2.4. FORM AND EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSFER 522
3. AMORTIZATION OF QUOTAS AND EXCLUSION OF QUOTAHOLDER 523
3.1. CHARACTERISATION, ASSUMPTIONS AND FORMS 523
3.2. FORM AND FORMALITIES 524
33. EFFECTS 524
3.4. EXCLUSION OF A QUOTAHOLDER 525
VI. THE GOVERNING BODIES 526
2. THE LLC MANAGERS 526
1.1. THE MANAGEMENT AS THE SINGLE MANDATORY BODY .... 526
1.2. POWERS 527
1.3. COMPOSITION OF MANAGEMENT 527
2.3.2. SINGULAR AND PLURAL MANAGEMENT 527
2.3.2. MANAGERS APPOINTMENT 528
2.3.3. DURATION OF THE MANDATE 529
2.3.4. CONSTITUTION OF AGENTS
AND POWERS DELEGATION 529
1.4. OPERATION OF MANAGEMENT 530
1.5. BINDING OF THE COMPANY 531
1.6. OTHER ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT 533
2.6.2. NON-TRANSFERABILITYOFPOST 533
2.6.2. REMUNERATION 533
2.6.3. PROHIBITION OF COMPETITION 534
2.6.4. (JUDICIAL) DISMISSAL AND SUSPENSION OF A MA-
NAGER 534
2.6.5. MANAGER LIABILITY 537
2. SUPERVISION, GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND OTHER CONTRACTUAL BODIES 537
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
2.1. LLCS SUPERVISION 537
2.2. OTHER CONTRACTUAL BODIES 538
2.3. THE LLC SHAREHOLDERS MEETING 539
2.3.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 539
2.3.2. POWERS OF THE SHAREHOLDERS MEETING 539
2.33. COMPOSITION AND PARTICIPATION 540
2.3.4. QUOTAHOLDERS REPRESENTATION 541
2.3.5. CALL NOTICE OF THE SHAREHOLDERS MEETING AND
THE INCLUSION OF ITEMS ON THE AGENDA 542
2.3.6. OPERATION OF THE SHAREHOLDERS MEETING 544
A) LOCATION 544
B) MONITORING OF ATTENDANCE AND (CONS-
TITUTIVE) QUORUM 545
C) FORMATION OF RESOLUTIONS AND
QUORUM 545
D) SUSPENSION OF THE SHAREHOLDERS
MEETING 546
E) MINUTES 547
VII. THE LLC OPERATION 547
2. THE COMPANY FUNCTIONING 547
2. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE SITUATION OF THE COMPANY 548
VIIL THE LLC EXTINCTION 549
2. EXTINCTION OF A COMMERCIAL COMPANY: FRAMEWORK 549
2. DISSOLUTION 550
3. LIQUIDATION 551
IX. THE SINGLE-MEMBER LLC 552
1. THE PARADOX OF THE PHENOMENON OF CORPORATE SOLE PROPRIETORS-
HIP 552
1.1. THE NATURAL COMPOSITION OF THE COMMERCIAL COM-
PANY 552
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
1.2. THE EIRL AND THE APPEARANCE OF THE SINGLE MENT-
BERLLC 553
2. THE SINGLE-MEMBER LLC (SOCIEDADE UNIPESSOAL BY QUOTAS) .... 554
2.1. CHARACTERIZATION 554
2.2. INCORPORATION 555
2.3. LEGAL REGIME 556
2.4. THE SINGLE-MEMBERS COMPANIES GENERAL MEETINGS
556
2.5. LIABILITY OF SINGLE MEMBER 557
2.6. THE NON-DECLARED SITUATIONS OF SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP 559
X. LIBERALISATION OF THE LLC SHARE CAPITAL 559
I THE LLC OF SYMBOLIC SHARE CAPITAL 559
1.1. THE LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENT 559
1.2. EFFECTS OF THE LIBERALISATION OF THE LLC SHARE CAPI-
TAL: CRISIS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE INTANGIBILITY OF THE
SHARE CAPITAL 560
2. THE FUTURE OF LLC IN PORTUGAL 560
BIBLIOGRAPHY 561
SPAIN
CLOSED CAPITAL COMPANIES IN THE SPANISH LEGIS-
LATIVE EVOLUTION: PROBLEMS OF LEGAL POLICY AND
REGULATORY INTERPRETATION 571
A. JORGE VIERA GONZALEZ
I. INTRODUCTION: TOWARDS THE UNIFICATION OF CAPITAL COMPANIES
UNDER ONE SINGLE TYPE? 572
II. SPANISH LEGISLATIVE EVOLUTION IN MATTERS OF CLOSED CAPITAL
COMPANIES 577
1. THE FALSE STARTING POINT: THE ERRATIC LEGAL POLICY PREMISES OF THE
1995 MAJOR REFORM OF THE SRL 577
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
2. THE STRUCTURING OF THE SRL AS A SMALL PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
AFTER 1995 579
3. THE CONTINUED APPROXIMATION BETWEEN THE SA AND SRL IN THE
SRL REFORM PROCESSES, FROM 1995 TO 2010 580
3.1. THE LME: THE FIRST LEGISLATIVE MILESTONE TOWARDS
THE UNIFICATION OF UNLISTED CAPITAL COMPANIES 583
3.2. THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW SUBTYPE OF COMPANY:
THE NEW ENTERPRISE LIMITED COMPANY: CHRONICLE
OF A PREDICTABLE LEGISLATIVE FAILURE 585
3.3. THE ADMISSION OF NON-VOTING SHARES IN THE SRL 588
3.4. THE RELATIVE RELAXATION OF THE REGULATION OF TREA-
SURY SHARES IN THE SRL 590
3.5. THE EXCEPTION TO THE RULE: THE INTRODUCTION OF AN
UNJUSTIFIED DIFFERENCE IN THE LEGAL REGIME BETWEEN
THE SA AND SRL TYPES, IN MATTERS OF VALUATION OF
SHARES IN THE EVENTS OF MORTIS CAUSA TRANSMISSIONS 592
4. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRLSC 2010 IN THE PROCESS OF FORMAL AND
MATERIAL UNIFICATION OF SPANISH LAW ON CAPITAL COMPANIES 594
4.1. THE RELEVANCE OF THE CONSOLIDATION IN THE INTERPRE-
TATION OF THE FRAMEWORK OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE
SA AND THE SRL: THE ROLE OF ANALOGICAL EXTENSION .... 597
4.2. NORMATIVE SCOPES IN WHICH A GENERALIZATION (UNIFI-
CATION) OF THE SA AND SRL TYPES HAS TAKEN PLACE .... 600
421 CAUSES OF WITHDRAWAL AND REMOVAL OF SHARE-
HOLDERS: WHAT WAS GENERALIZED, WHAT WAS NOT,
AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 600
4.22. THE REGIME OF ANCILLARY SERVICES IN CONNEC-
TION WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF MODIFICATION
AND WITH REGARD TO THE QUANTIFICATION 603
423, ALTERNATE DIRECTORS 604
42.4. SHARE CAPITAL INCREASES OUT OF RESERVES AND
THROUGH NON-CASH CONTRIBUTIONS 605
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
4.2.5. THE PROHIBITION TO COMPETE OF THE DIRECTOR OF
AN SA 605
4.2.6. CALL TO THE GENERAL MEETING IN THE CASE OF A
BODY WITH NO HEAD 606
5. THE SITUATION AFTER THE 2010 REFORM 607
5.1. ONLINE INCORPORATION OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES 608
5.2. REMOTE COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AS AN INSTRU-
MENT TO PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY AND SIMPLIFY THE CREA-
TION AND OPERATION OF CLOSED CAPITAL COMPANIES 610
5.3. THE UNIFICATION OF THE PUBLICITY REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE NOTICE OF THE CALL TO THE GENERAL MEETING: THE
SUCCESSIVE AND ERRATIC REFORMS OF ART. 173 TRLSC
2010 613
III. SCOPE OF THE RELAXATION OF THE LEGAL REGIME FOR CLOSED CAPITAL
COMPANIES WITH REGARD TO THE DELIMITATION OF THE TYPES IN
THE MOST RECENT CASE LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE APPROACH FO-
LLOWED BY THE DGRN 616
1. THE SCOPE OF THE MAJORITY PRINCIPLE IN THE ADOPTION OF RESOLU-
TIONS IN THE COLLEGIAL BODIES OF THE SA AND SRL: LAWFULNESS OF
THE ARTICLES THAT REQUIRE THE PRESENCE OF ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE
BODY TO VALIDLY HOLD A MEETING 617
2. THE LIMITATIONS TO THE CONFIGURATION IN THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIA-
TION OF INDIRECT TRANSFERS OF SHARES 625
3. THE PROHIBITION OF PROVIDING FOR A SECOND CALL TO HOLD THE GENE-
RAL MEETING IN AN SRL: THE NEED FOR AN INTERPRETATION CORREC-
TING ART. 186 RRM 629
4. THE PROHIBITION OF PURE HEADCOUNT SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE MAJO-
RITIES. MODULATIONS APPLIED TO THE VOTING RIGHT. VOTING ACCOR-
DING TO HEADCOUNT 633
5. THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF CONFIGURING IN THE ARTICLES SPECIAL RIGHTS
FOR SHAREHOLDERS WITH REGARD TO THE APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS:
THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT BETWEEN THE SA AND THE SRL IA MATTER
OF LEGAL TECHNIQUE? 634
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
6. THE RIGIDITY OF THE FORMAL REQUIREMENTS TO CALL THE BOARD; THE
NEED TO PROVIDE COVERAGE FOR URGENT MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS 637
7. LEGAL LIMITATIONS FOR THE CREATION OF NEW CORPORATE BODIES 639
8. THE DEGREE OF DISCRETION IN DRAFTING THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
AS REGARDS DIRECTORS REMUNERATION IN CLOSED CAPITAL COMPANIES . 641
IV. INSTRUMENTS ESTABLISHED IN PRACTICE TO RESOLVE THE PROBLEMS
ARISING FROM THE APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATION 644
1. THE NEED TO HAVE RECOURSE TO SHAREHOLDERS AGREEMENTS AND FA-
MILY PROTOCOLS AS A MEANS OF REDUCING THE RIGIDITY OF THE LEGIS-
LATION; ENFORCEMENT 645
2. ARBITRATION: AN EFFECTIVE WAY OF RESOLVING INTERNAL DISPUTES? ....
649
SPAIN
THE LIMITED LIABILITY ENTREPRENEUR AND THE SUC-
CESSIVE FORMATION LIMITED COMPANY 653
ANA FELICITAS MUNOZ PREZ
I. INTRODUCTION 653
II. THE LIMITED LIABILITY ENTREPRENEUR 655
1. CONCEPT 655
2. REQUIREMENTS TO ATTAIN THE STATUS OFERL 657
3. THE CONTENTS OF THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: NON ATTACHMENT OF
THE PROPERTY 658
4. THE PRIVILEGE OF UNSECURED CREDITORS AND THE ADMINISTRATION
WITH REGARD TO THE REMAINING CREDITORS OF THE ENTREPRENEUR FOR
BUSINESS OR PROFESSIONAL DEBTS 660
5. ACCOUNTING DUTIES * 662
III. SUCCESSIVE FORMATION LIMITED COMPANY 663
1. INTRODUCTION 663
2. SUCCESSIVE FORMATION REGIME 665
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
BIBLIOGRAPHY 668
SPAIN
CAPITAL MARKET FINANCING FOR SMES IN SPAIN: THE
CREATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE MARKET OF FIXED-IN-
COME (MARF) AND OTHER ACCOMPANYING MEASURES .... 669
M DE LA CONCEPCI6N CHAMORRO DOMFNGUEZ
I. INTRODUCTION 670
II. BACKGROUND OF THE MARF: REFERENCE TO OTHER ALTERNATIVE MAR-
KETS IN EUROPE AND IN SPAIN 674
III. THE NEW ALTERNATIVE MARKET OF FIXED-INCOME (MARF) 683
1 WHAT IS MARF? 683
2. MARF IN THE OVERALL CONTEXT: THE LEGISLATIVE REFORMS REGARDING
INCENTIVES FOR SMES FINANCING AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR
MARF 690
2.1. CHANGES MADE BY ACT 11/2013, ENACTING MEASURES
TO SUPPORT ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STIMULATE GROW-
TH AND JOB CREATION (LEY 11/2013, DE 26 DE JULIO, DE
MEDIDAS DE APOYO AL EMPRENDEDOR Y DE ESTIMULO
DEL CRECIMIENTO Y DE LA CREACION DE EMPLEO) 691
2.2. FINANCING SUPPORT MEASURES INCLUDED IN ACT
14/2013, OF 27 SEPTEMBER, ON SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRE-
NEURS AND THEIR INTERNATIONALIZATION 691
2.2.1. REFINANCING AGREEMENTS AND INDEPENDENT EX-
PERTS 692
2.2.2. OUT-OF-COURT PAYMENT ARRANGEMENT 694
23. TAX MEASURES INCLUDED IN ACT 14/2013, OF 27 SEP-
TEMBER, ON SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR IN-
TERNATIONALIZATION 695
2.3.2. CORPORATE INCOME TAX 696
2.3.2. PERSONAL INCOME TAX 698
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
233. VALUE-ADDED TAX 699
2.4. AUTHORIZED INVESTMENTS INCLUDED IN ACT 14/2013,
OF 27 SEPTEMBER, ON SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURS AND
THEIR INTERNATIONALIZATION 700
2.5. TAX MEASURES INCLUDED IN ROYAL DECREE 633/2013,
OF 2 AUGUST 700
2.6. OTHER MEASURES INCLUDED IN ACT 14/2013, OF 27 SEP-
TEMBER, ON SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR IN-
TERNATIONALIZATION 701
2.7. OTHER LEGISLATIVE REFORMS PROJECTED TO IMPROVE THE
FINANCING OF SMES 702
2.8. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR MARF 704
2.8.1. ENISA (EMPRESA NACIONAL DE INNOVACIDN,
S.A.) 704
2.8.2. THE ICO (INSTITUTE DE CREDITO OFICIAL) 705
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MARF 706
3.1. THE MARF AS AN MTF: APPLICABLE LEGAL REGIME 706
3.2. GOVERNING BODIES AND MEMBERS OF MARF 707
3.2.1. BOARD OF DIRECTORS (CONSEJO DE ADMINISTRA-
TION) 708
3.2.2. MANAGING DIRECTOR 708
3.23. SECURITIES ADMISSION COMMITTEE (COMISION
DE INCORPORATION DE VALORES) 709
3.2A. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE 709
3.2.5. ARBITRATION COMMITTEE 710
3.3. LISTING, INFORMATION, SUSPENSION, INTERRUPTION AND
DELISTING OF SECURITIES 712
3.4. TRADING IN MARF 716
3.5. DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION 717
PRIVATE COMPANY LAW REFORM IN EUROPE: THE RACE FOR FLEXIBILITY
PAGE
3.6. CLEARING AND SETTLING TRANSACTIONS AND REGISTERING
SECURITIES 719
3.7. MARKET SUPERVISION 720
3.8. DISPUTE RESOLUTION 722
IV. PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE AND FINAL CONSIDERATION 723
BIBLIOGRAPHY 727
UNITED KINGDOM
UK COMPANY LAW AND COMPANY GOVERNANCE IN A
WARMING WORLD 733
JANET DINE
I. INTRODUCTION 733
II. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE UK; DIRECTORS DUTIES, THE COMP-
LAINTS MECHANISMS 740
III. THE NEO-LIBERAL PARADIGM: THE CAUSES OF A LACK OF PROGRESSI-
VE LEADERSHIP IN UK CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 741
IV. CONTRACT VERSUS THE PUBLIC INTEREST 747
V. ECONOMIC CONTRACTUALISM 749
VI. THE UK LAW ON DIRECTORS DUTIES 753
VII. THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF DIRECTORS IN THE UK 756
VIII. THE UNFAIR PREJUDICE ACTION 757
IX. THE DERIVATIVE ACTION 760
X. CONCLUSION: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION?: COMMUNITY INTEREST COM-
PANIES 764
BIBLIOGRAPHY 767
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ahern, Deirdre |
| author2 | Viera González, Arístides Jorge Teichmann, Christoph 1964- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
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| author_GND | (DE-588)105630801X (DE-588)132300826 (DE-588)1098451619 (DE-588)1098451996 |
| author_facet | Ahern, Deirdre Viera González, Arístides Jorge Teichmann, Christoph 1964- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ahern, Deirdre |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | Primera edición |
| format | Book |
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| series2 | Estudios |
| spelling | Viera González, Arístides Jorge (DE-588)105630801X edt Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility A. Jorge Viera González, Christoph Teichmann (edited by) ; Deirdre Ahern ... [und 19 andere] ; coordinated by Ma Dolores Arranz Madrid Primera edición Cizur Menor (Navarra) Aranzadi 2015 771 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Estudios También en pie de imprenta: Instituto de Derecho de Mercado y de la Competencia ; Herbert Smith Freehills Sociedades / Derecho / Europa Derecho internacional privado / Sociedades / Europa Sociedades / Derecho / Países de la Unión Europea GmbH (DE-588)4021365-1 gnd rswk-swf Reform (DE-588)4115716-3 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 s GmbH (DE-588)4021365-1 s Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Reform (DE-588)4115716-3 s DE-604 Teichmann, Christoph 1964- (DE-588)132300826 edt Ahern, Deirdre (DE-588)1098451619 aut Arranz Madrid, María Dolores (DE-588)1098451996 oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028899282&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ahern, Deirdre Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility Sociedades / Derecho / Europa Derecho internacional privado / Sociedades / Europa Sociedades / Derecho / Países de la Unión Europea GmbH (DE-588)4021365-1 gnd Reform (DE-588)4115716-3 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021365-1 (DE-588)4115716-3 (DE-588)4115712-6 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility |
| title_auth | Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility |
| title_exact_search | Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility |
| title_full | Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility A. Jorge Viera González, Christoph Teichmann (edited by) ; Deirdre Ahern ... [und 19 andere] ; coordinated by Ma Dolores Arranz Madrid |
| title_fullStr | Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility A. Jorge Viera González, Christoph Teichmann (edited by) ; Deirdre Ahern ... [und 19 andere] ; coordinated by Ma Dolores Arranz Madrid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Private company law reform in Europe the race for flexibility A. Jorge Viera González, Christoph Teichmann (edited by) ; Deirdre Ahern ... [und 19 andere] ; coordinated by Ma Dolores Arranz Madrid |
| title_short | Private company law reform in Europe |
| title_sort | private company law reform in europe the race for flexibility |
| title_sub | the race for flexibility |
| topic | Sociedades / Derecho / Europa Derecho internacional privado / Sociedades / Europa Sociedades / Derecho / Países de la Unión Europea GmbH (DE-588)4021365-1 gnd Reform (DE-588)4115716-3 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sociedades / Derecho / Europa Derecho internacional privado / Sociedades / Europa Sociedades / Derecho / Países de la Unión Europea GmbH Reform Rechtsvergleich Europa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028899282&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vieragonzalezaristidesjorge privatecompanylawreformineuropetheraceforflexibility AT teichmannchristoph privatecompanylawreformineuropetheraceforflexibility AT aherndeirdre privatecompanylawreformineuropetheraceforflexibility AT arranzmadridmariadolores privatecompanylawreformineuropetheraceforflexibility |