The development of World Trade Organization law: examining change in international law
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2016
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| Edition: | First edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | xxiii, 216 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780198716464 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES OF CASES XIII
TABLES OF INSTRUMENTS XVII
1. INTRODUCTION 1
A. INTRODUCTION 1
B. LEGAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE COURSE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1
1. PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 2
2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND CHANGE 3
3. TIME AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 6
C. THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AS A BELLWETHER 9
D. STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 11
2. INTERNATIONAL LAW IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD 13
A. INTRODUCTION 13
B. INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A GLOBAL PROCESS 15
1. THE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESS-BASED ACCOUNTS 18
2. THE ACTORS ENGAGED IN LAW AS A GLOBAL PROCESS 21
3. THE LIMITATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING LAW AS A GLOBAL PROCESS 25
C. INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A COMPLEX AND COMPLICATED SYSTEM 26
1, METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES TO EXAMINING LAW AS A COMPLEX SYSTEM 27
D. EXPLAINING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 31
1. THREE EXPLANATIONS: FUNCTIONALISM, FORMALISM, AND IDEALISM 31
2. REFRAMING THE DISCUSSION: THE TURN TO CAUSAL LANGUAGE 35
3. LAW AS A CAUSE AND DIE CAUSES OF LAW 39
4. THREE EXPLANATIONS REVISITED: CAUSAL INFLUENCES 42
3. THE WTO AS A SITE OF GLOBALIZED LEGAL DEVELOPMENT 47
A. INTRODUCTION 47
B. THE CONSTITUTIVE EFFECT OF LAW IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 48
1. LAWS INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 48
2. LAWS CONSTITUTIVE EFFECT ON THE STATE AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS 51
3. LAW S CONSTITUTION OF TLIE PUBLIC-PRIVATE RELATIONSHIP 55
4. THE CONSTITUTIVE INFLUENCE OF LAW AS MOTIVATION FOR ACTORS 57
C. THE INSTRUMENTAL EFFECT OF LAW AT THE WTO 59
1. EMBEDDING NORMS AS TREATY OBLIGATIONS: THE COVERED AGREEMENTS 60
2. EMBEDDING NORMS THROUGH WTO COUNCILS AND COMMITTEES 62
3. REVIEWING MEASURES AT THE WTO: DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
AND OTHER MECHANISMS 64
4. CHALLENGING COTERMINOUS WTO OBLIGATIONS UNDER OTHER LEGAL SYSTEMS 68
D. THE SYSTEMIC EFFECT OF LAW ON GLOBALIZED ACTORS AT THE WTO 70
1. THE RULES APPLICABLE TO GRANTING GLOBALIZED ACTORS ACCESS TO THE WTO
71
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS IN CHALLENGING
INCORPORATED WTO OBLIGATIONS 73
3. INTERNATIONA! LAW OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE COVERED AGREEMENTS:
CONSTRAINING AND ENABLING ON THE INTERNATIONAL PLANE 74
4. THE SYSTEMIC INFLUENCE OF THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM:
EXAMINING CAUSAL STRENGTH 77
E. CONCLUDING REMARKS 79
4. SAFEGUARD MEASURES 81
A. INTRODUCTION 81
B. THE USE OF SAFEGUARD MEASURES AND THEIR UNDERLYING VALUES 81
1. THE JUSTIFICATION FOR SAFEGUARD MEASURES 84
2. SAFEGUARD MEASURES AS AN EXPRESSION OF FAIRNESS 87
3. RECONCILING OUTCOME-BASED FAIRNESS AND THE GAINS FROM TRADE 89
C. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTICLE XIX GATT AND THE WTO
AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS 90
1. THE US ORIGINS OF SAFEGUARD MEASURES 91
2. CRYSTALLIZING PREFERENCES UNDER THE GATT 1947: ARTICLE XIX 92
3. CRYSTALLIZING PREFERENCES AT THE WTO: THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS 93
4. STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE: A FAILURE TO EMBED NORMS? 94
D. LEGAL CHANGE AND UNEXPECTED OUTCOMES 96
1. THE UNFORESEEN DEVELOPMENTS CLAUSE 97
2. THE UNFORESEEN DEVELOPMENTS CLAUSE IN THE WTO ERA:
INSTRUMENTAL EXPECTATIONS 102
3. THE ALTERATION OF PRACTICE IN THE US S ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES 108
E. THE CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT OF SAFEGUARDS REGULATION
AT THE WTO 110
1. A NEW GENERATION OF VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS? 110
2. MUTUALLY AGREED SOLUTIONS FOR THE RESTRICTION OF IMPORTS 112
3. BILATERAL COMMODITY AGREEMENTS 114
4. GENTLEMEN S AGREEMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS ON GOLD SALES 116
5. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT THROUGH THE SAFEGUARDS COMMITTEE 117
R CONCLUDING REMARKS 119
5. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITAIY MEASURES 121
A. INTRODUCTION 121
B. THE USE OF SPS MEASURES AND THEIR UNDERLYING VALUES 122
1. NEGOTIATIONS ON THE SPS AGREEMENT 125
2. EXPERIENCES IN SPS REGULATION: THE EUROPEAN UNION,
UNITED STATES, AND THE CODEX 127
3. DECISION-MAKING AND MODELS OF KNOWLEDGE 136
C. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK
MANAGEMENT: EPISTERNOLOGICAL CONFLICTS 139
1. APPROACHES TO DISTINGUISHING RISK ASSESSMENT FROM RISK MANAGEMENT 140
2. THE PANELS INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 5 SPS AGREEMENT IN
THE EC*HORMONES LITIGATION 143
3. THE APPELLATE BODY S RESPONSE: PURSUING SELF-LEGITIMATION THROUGH
DEFERENCE AND INDEPENDENCE 144
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
4. INTRA-INSTITUTIONAL CONTESTATIONS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING 147
D. PRIVATE STANDARDS: COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL
PUBLIC AUTHORITY 150
1. DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE 151
2. THE LEGAL DIFFICULTIES WITH REGULATING PRIVATE STANDARDS AT THE WTO
153
3. THE SPS COMMITTEE AS A FORUM FOR GLOBALIZED INTERESTS 155
E. CONCLUDING REMARKS 158
6. SUBSIDIES 160
A. INTRODUCTION 160
B. THE REGULATION OF SUBSIDIES: CONTEXT AND METHODS 161
1. REGULATING SUBSIDIES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 161
2. REGULATING SUBSIDIES AT THE WTO 165
C. SUBSIDIES REGULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE STATE 167
1. THE CONSTITUTIVE AND SYSTEMIC INFLUENCES OF THE LAW ON SUBSIDIES 167
2. BORDERLINE CASES IN CLASSIFYING PUBLIC ACTION 1/1
3. THE ENTRY OF CHINA: A NEW BOUT OF CONTESTATIONS 174
4. ACTORS RESPONSES: CLARIFICATIONS AND LEGITIMACY CLAIMS 178
D. SUBSIDIES IN SERVICES 180
1. TREATING SERVICES AS GOODS 181
2. EXTENDING SUBSIDIES REGULATION TO SERVICES 183
3. EXPLAINING DIFFERING OUTCOMES: THE WTO AND THE EU 184
E. CONCLUDING REMARKS 187
7. CONCLUSION 189
A. INTRODUCTION 189
B. LAW AS A MULTI-CAUSAL CONSTRUCT 189
C. GLOBALIZED ACTORS: INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS 190
D. THE PRIVATE SPHERE AND WTO SCRUTINY 191
E. A MULTIPOLAR WTO: THE CHALLENGES OF COMPLEXITY MULTIPLIED? 192
R FINAL REMARKS 193
BIBLIOGRAPHY 195
INDEX 211
Understanding the development of WTO law
in its wider institutional context is critical
to comprehending WTO law in a new age of
legal globalization. The Development of World
Trade Organization Law: Examining Change in
International Law examines the development
of the law of the WTO through an analysis of
competing global actors, norms, and institutions,
taking a different approach to social-scientific
or traditional legal models. This book argues
that such globalized actors are the driving force
behind the development of WTO law, yet not in
control of it. Identifying causal language as key
to understanding this development, the volume
examines three different causal influences:
instrumental, systemic, and constitutive. It
applies this causal methodology to three key
areas of WTO law—safeguard measures, sanitary
and phytosanitary measures, and subsidies. The
volume provides detailed explanations of why the
law has developed as it has and offers insights into
the future functioning of the WTO system and
international law more widely.
Gregory Messenger is Lecturer in Law, University
of Liverpool.
|
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| title | The development of World Trade Organization law examining change in international law |
| title_auth | The development of World Trade Organization law examining change in international law |
| title_exact_search | The development of World Trade Organization law examining change in international law |
| title_full | The development of World Trade Organization law examining change in international law Gregory Messenger |
| title_fullStr | The development of World Trade Organization law examining change in international law Gregory Messenger |
| title_full_unstemmed | The development of World Trade Organization law examining change in international law Gregory Messenger |
| title_short | The development of World Trade Organization law |
| title_sort | the development of world trade organization law examining change in international law |
| title_sub | examining change in international law |
| topic | World Trade Organization / Rules and practice World Trade Organization fast World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd Foreign trade regulation Foreign trade regulation fast Internationales Handelsrecht (DE-588)4027429-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | World Trade Organization / Rules and practice World Trade Organization Foreign trade regulation Internationales Handelsrecht |
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