Semiprezidenţialismul din România: consideraţii actuale
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bucuresti
Editura Institutului de Ştiinţe Politice şi Relaţii Internaţionale
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 172 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9786068656106 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV043452491 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20160318 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 160311s2015 |||| 00||| rum d | ||
| 020 | |a 9786068656106 |9 978-606-8656-10-6 | ||
| 020 | |z 6068656101 |9 6068656101 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)959286343 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV043452491 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a rum | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Tănăsescu, Gabriela |d ca. 20./21. Jh. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)108906960X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Semiprezidenţialismul din România |b consideraţii actuale |c Gabriela Tănăsescu |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bucuresti |b Editura Institutului de Ştiinţe Politice şi Relaţii Internaţionale |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a 172 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 546 | |a Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1990-2009 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Semi-presidential system / History / Romania / 20th-21st century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Politik |0 (DE-588)4046514-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem |0 (DE-588)4539519-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Rumänien | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Rumänien |0 (DE-588)4050939-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Rumänien |0 (DE-588)4050939-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem |0 (DE-588)4539519-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Politik |0 (DE-588)4046514-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1990-2009 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 09049 |g 498 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 090511 |g 498 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028869864 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1812717021334339584 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Abstract
The constitutional option for semi-presidentialism
meant for Romania, as for many other former commu-
nist European countries, the adoption of the fundamental
elements of the model of diarchic executive power and,
within, the option for a radical model of powers balance.
The entire analysis of this book is circumscribed to the
thesis that the option for semi-presidentialism was moti-
vated decisively in Romania’s case by the need to sub-
stantiate from a constitutional point of view the demo-
cratic functioning of the Romanian state and society
through a distribution or sharing of Power in order to
eliminate the risk of authoritarian tendencies and auto-
cratic presidential behaviors. This book shows that, from
this main reason, the political regime established through
the post-communist Constitution of Romania has been
subsumed to the systemic logic of the powers balance
model or of the balanced relationship between the exe-
cutive and legislative, a model which circumscribes as
institutional structure of government the dual executive
or the two-headed authority structure: President and
Prime Minister.
Compared with the provisions of the French Consti-
tution of the Vth Republic, the main source of inspiration
166
GABRIELA TÄNÄSESCU
of the regime in Romania, the Romanian Constitution
circumscribed, since 1991 - in the context in which the
country just put an end to the oppressive system, “proba-
bly the toughest in Eastern Europe” —, a “presidential
center”, “not very strong”, characteristic, as Sartori has
shown, for a “weak”, “alleviated” or “parliamentary-
like” semi-presidentialism, an “impure” two-headed exe-
cutive. The political practice of the last decade has de-
monstrated that the fear and the reserve of the Romanian
Constitution authors to establish “an authentic semi-pre-
sidentialism” of French inspiration, with a “forte' Presi-
dent, have proved to be founded. Romania has been the
only form of semi-presidentialism which has faced in
the last two consecutive presidential terms — 2005-2009,
2010-2014 — with two suspensions of the President by
the Romanian Parliament, although the functioning of
the semi-presidentialism in Romania until 2004, except
in a case of unconstitutional decision and two situations
of intra-executive tension, was rated as “uncontrover-
sial”, “stable” and “with an improved or no decline in
democratic performance”, as being maintained “balan-
ced”. Given that the current Romanian constitutional
design has not prevented the President’s interference in
the powers that, according to the Constitution, are allo-
cated to the Government, the manifestation of his party
belonging and, thereby, the refusing of the constitutional
role of equidistant mediator in state and society, a revi-
sion of the Constitution ֊ as the President has requested
since 2005, although in 2003 there had been a “major
constitutional revision” — in the sense of consolidating
or strengthening the presidential powers in order to gain
some “levers” whereby “the president can provide an
output from the situations of constitutional crisis” -
would only increase the risk of the presidentializating
SEMIPREZIDENJIALISMUL ROMANIA 167
the system, of “hypertrophying the presidential powers”
and of “imbalance of power in favor of the President,
who is thus able to resolve in his favor of any obstacle
or conflict with other political body”.
As such, the assumption of this analysis is that: (1)
the etiology of Romanian semi-presidentialism failures
is not of constitutional, but extra-constitutional, nature;
(2) a possible corrective approach of “constitutional
engineering” could cover (a) the explaining of the presi-
dential office of “mediation between state powers and
between state and society” and (b) the specifying of the
scope and the forms of transactional relationship bet-
ween President and other centers of power, with the
Prime Minister primarily, in order to be materialized by
the President, in an appropriate manner, the equidistance
of the role of “the keeper of the compliance for the Con-
stitution and the proper functioning of public autho-
rities.”
As such, the study examines the category or genus
proximum of semi-presidentialism, mainly as it was ori-
ginally formulated in Maurice Duverger’s works, as it
was remarkably treated in Giovanni Sartori’s and
Matthew S. Shugart’s analysis models and as it was in-
geniously reformulated in minimalist, „purely constitu-
tional” manner by Robert Elgie. To this genus proximum
is related the Romanian semi-presidentialism in order to
be distinguished its differentia specifica. According to
Maurice Duverger’s analytical model of endogenous and
exogenous factors or variables, depending on which is
explained the different political practice of semi-presi-
dential regimes, the present study presents the context in
which it has been adopted and implemented the semi-
presidential regime in Romania, the constitutional po-
wers of Parliament, President and Prime Minister, the
168
GABRIELA TÄNÄSESCU
role of parliamentary majority and the nature of the
relationship between the President and the parliamentary
majority.
In terms of methodology, the study spécifies the main
“positive” and “negative” indicators depending on
which it proposes the analyzing of the political results of
semi-presidentialism: “the democratic consolidation,”
“the quality of government,” “the presidentialization,”
“the intra-executive conflict.” Consequently, the “sub-
type” or species of Romanian semi-presidentialism is
analyzed in terms of its adequacy to democratic functio-
nality and efficiency, compared with the French semi-
presidentialism, the theoretical and practical “archety-
pal” landmark for Romania, and with the Russian one, a
“super-presidential” regime and system. Following Gio-
vanni Pasquino’s thesis that the functionality and perfor-
mance of semi-presidentialism “seems heavily influen-
ced by non-institutional factors” — on a priority basis by
“the interpretation of the Constitution”, “the political
behavior”, “the dynamic of leadership” and leading
styles of the Presidents who try “frequently and consis-
tently” to intervene in parliamentary decision-making
process and in “the powers of the prime minister” ֊ the
study seeks to identify and highlight the major negative
implications of such factors in Romanian semi-presiden-
tialism: the risk of hyper-presidentialization or of the
aggregation of legislative and executive power under
President’s recognition as the leader of the parliamen-
tary majority, and the risk of institutional conflict bet-
ween the Prime Minister and President, and, by degene-
ration, the risk of constitutional crisis or of paralysis of
the decision-making process.
As such, the hitherto presidential terms are analyzed
from the perspective of limitation, annihilation or, on the
SEMIPREZIDENŢIALISMUL DIN ROMÂNIA 169
contrary, of re-adoption the autocratic, authoritarian and
personalized power; of the ability of “all actors, institu-
tional (President, Government, Parliament) and political
(parties and party system) to achieve significant political
stability“ and efficiency in decision making; of the capa-
city of institutions and civil society to control the politi-
cal behavior and to shape the choice of social and poli-
tical actors; of the possibility of creating a “suitable
amount of elites agree” on “the democratic arrange-
ments” and the public interest decisions.
The most contentious theoretical and practical issue
was and is that enunciated by Duverger as “les pouvoirs
notables” or “quite considerable Powers” of the Presi-
dent, in Romania it inspiring the request to increase the
Powers of the President so that he may acquire tools for
ensuring “the balance and minimum functionality asso-
ciated with good governance.“ The reporting to this
problem is relevant for the kind of argument that this
study offers in respect of the need to reconfigure “the
quantity of constitutional power” that incumbent upon
the dual executive and of the perspective according to
which the increase of the functionality of semi-presi-
dentialism in Romania would require the redefining of
the “desirable limits” of the presidential attributions.
The argument of this book is that a subversion of the
constitutional design and of the existing configuration of
power centers could be relevant only in a time interval
sufficient so as to in Romania to be registered an “evo-
lution of the material constitution”, i.e. a revision of the
“live” content of the fundamental law, as rightly pointed
Giovanni Sartori, so as to the Romanian society, both
political and civil, to use the means of prevention, res-
triction and annihilation of any autocratic or deviant
behaviors, “the political class” and the voters to disavow
170
GABRIELA TÄNÄSESCU
and punish (not to maintain) an opportunist and “prag-
matic” party system, the selection of political class to
involve mainly, if not exclusively, the meritocratic cri-
teria, especially the respecting of the fundamental law in
its letter and spirit and the quality of political decision
making in public interest
Cuprins
Argument. 9
Introducere. 11
Categoria semiprezidenţialismului. 23
Conceptul şi modelul analitic duvergerian. 25
Subtipurile semiprezidenţialismului —
Matthew S. Shugart. 37
Modelul analitic sartorian. 43
Definiţia „pur constituţională“
a semiprezidenţialismului — Robert Elgie. 55
Indicatori ai rezultatelor politice
ale semiprezidenţialismului. 63
Semiprezidenţialismul din România. 77
Circumstanţial şi convenţional
în semiprezidenţialismul român. 77
Design-ul constituţional. Semiprezidenţialismul
„slab“. 88
Factorii extraconstituţionali. Puterea partidelor
si a liderilor.103
8 GABRIELA TĂNĂSESCU
Opţiuni asupra revizuirii Constituţiei.133
Concluzii. 149
Bibliografie.159
Abstract.165
Contents.171 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Tănăsescu, Gabriela ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)108906960X |
| author_facet | Tănăsescu, Gabriela ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Tănăsescu, Gabriela ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | g t gt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043452491 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)959286343 (DE-599)BVBBV043452491 |
| era | Geschichte 1990-2009 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-2009 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV043452491</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20160318</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">160311s2015 |||| 00||| rum d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9786068656106</subfield><subfield code="9">978-606-8656-10-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">6068656101</subfield><subfield code="9">6068656101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)959286343</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV043452491</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">rum</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tănăsescu, Gabriela</subfield><subfield code="d">ca. 20./21. Jh.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)108906960X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Semiprezidenţialismul din România</subfield><subfield code="b">consideraţii actuale</subfield><subfield code="c">Gabriela Tănăsescu</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Bucuresti</subfield><subfield code="b">Editura Institutului de Ştiinţe Politice şi Relaţii Internaţionale</subfield><subfield code="c">2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">172 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1990-2009</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Semi-presidential system / History / Romania / 20th-21st century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Politik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046514-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4539519-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rumänien</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rumänien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4050939-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Rumänien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4050939-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4539519-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Politik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046514-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1990-2009</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09049</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090511</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028869864</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Rumänien Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV043452491 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-12T14:01:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786068656106 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028869864 |
| oclc_num | 959286343 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 172 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Editura Institutului de Ştiinţe Politice şi Relaţii Internaţionale |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Tănăsescu, Gabriela ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)108906960X aut Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale Gabriela Tănăsescu Bucuresti Editura Institutului de Ştiinţe Politice şi Relaţii Internaţionale 2015 172 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte 1990-2009 gnd rswk-swf Semi-presidential system / History / Romania / 20th-21st century Geschichte Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 s Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte 1990-2009 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tănăsescu, Gabriela ca. 20./21. Jh Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale Semi-presidential system / History / Romania / 20th-21st century Geschichte Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4539519-6 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale |
| title_auth | Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale |
| title_exact_search | Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale |
| title_full | Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale Gabriela Tănăsescu |
| title_fullStr | Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale Gabriela Tănăsescu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Semiprezidenţialismul din România consideraţii actuale Gabriela Tănăsescu |
| title_short | Semiprezidenţialismul din România |
| title_sort | semiprezidentialismul din romania consideratii actuale |
| title_sub | consideraţii actuale |
| topic | Semi-presidential system / History / Romania / 20th-21st century Geschichte Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem (DE-588)4539519-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Semi-presidential system / History / Romania / 20th-21st century Geschichte Politik Semipräsidentielles Regierungssystem Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028869864&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tanasescugabriela semiprezidentialismuldinromaniaconsideratiiactuale |