Acoustics of the vowel: preliminaries
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Bern ; Berlin ; Bruxelles ; Frankfurt am Main ; New York ; Oxford ; Wien
Peter Lang
[2016]
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| Series: | SubTexte
volume 12 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Volltext Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 279 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9783035109122 9783035197822 9783034323918 |
| DOI: | 10.3726/978-3-0343-2391-8 |
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Titel: Acoustics of the vowel
Autor: Maurer, Dieter
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Part I Prevailing Theory and Empirical References
14 1 Prevailing Theory
1.1 General Acoustic Characteristics of Vowel Sounds
1.2 Language-Specific Acoustic Characteristics of Vowel
Sounds
1.3 Speaker Group-Specific Acoustic Characteristics of Vowel
Sounds
1.4 Phonation Type-Specific Acoustic Characteristics
of Vowel Sounds and Limitation to Voiced Oral Sounds
1.5 Limitation to Isolated Vowel Sounds
1.6 Limitation to Vowel Sounds as Monophthongs
with Quasi-Constant Sound Characteristics
1.7 Speech Community-Specific Acoustic Characteristics
of Vowel Sounds
1.8 The Prevailing Theory of Physical Vowel Representation
1.9 Formalising Prevailing Theory
1.10 Illustration
21 2 Prevailing Empirical References
2.1 General References
2.2 Empirical Reference for Standard German
2.3 Other Statistical References
Part II Reflections
32 3 Vowels and Number of Formants
3.1 Inconstant Number of Vowel-Specific Relative Spectral
Energy Maxima in Sounds of Back Vowels and of /a-a/
3.2 Inconstant Correspondence between Vowel-Specific
Relative Spectral Energy Maxima and Calculated
Vowel-Specific Formant Patterns
3.3 Inconstant Number of Vowel-Specific Relative
Spectral Energy Maxima and of Calculated
Vowel-Specific Formants
3.4 Addition: "Spurious" Formants
3.5 Addition: "Flat" Vowel Spectra
3.6 Addition: Inconstant Number of Vowel-Specific Formants
in Synthesis
35 4 Vowels and Fundamental Frequency
4.1 Fundamental Frequency, First Formant and "Grade"
of Vowels
4.2 Fundamental Frequency, Spectral Envelope, Formant
Pattern and "Grade" of Vowels
38 5 Formant Patterns and Speaker Groups
5.1 Fundamental Frequency, Spectral Envelope, Formant
Pattern and "Grade" of Vowels Uttered by Children,
Women and Men
5.2 One Vowel, Different Formant Patterns
5.3 Different Vowels, One Formant Pattern
5.4 A Gap in the Reasoning
5.5 Addition: Formant Patterns of Voiced and Whispered
Vowel Sounds
45 6 Terms of Reference, Methods of Formant Estimation
6.1 Formant and Sound Spectrum
6.2 Speaker Group and Vocal-Tract Size
6.3 Formant Analysis and Objectivisation
6.4 Formant Analysis, Fundamental Frequency and Speaker
Group or Vocal-Tract Size
6.5 Addition: Parameter Adjustments in Formant Analysis
and Inconsistent References to Vocal-Tract Size
6.6 Addition: Spectrum, Formant Pattern, Resynthesis
6.7 Addition: Formant Analysis and Objectivity with Regard
to Synthesised Vowel Sounds
6.8 Addition: Formant Patterns and Resynthesis outside of
the Framework of Prevailing Theory
Part III Experiences and Observations
56 7 Unsystematic Correspondence between Vowels,
Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima and
Formant Patterns
7.1 Inconstant Number of Vowel-Specific Relative Spectral
Energy Maxima and Incongruence of Vowel-Specific
Formant Patterns
7.2 Partial Lack of Manifestation of Vowel-Specific Relative
Spectral Energy Maxima
7.3 Addition: Resynthesis and Synthesis
59 8 Lack of Correspondence between Vowels
and Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
or Formant Patterns
8.1 Dependence of Vowel-Specific, Relative Spectral Energy
Maxima and Lower Formants s 1.5 kHz on Fundamental
Frequency
8.2 Vowel Perception at Fundamental Frequencies above
Statistical Values of the First-Formant Frequency
8.3 "Inversions" of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
and Minima and "Inverse" Formant Patterns in Sounds
of Individual Vowels
8.4 Addition: Whispered Vowel Sounds, Fundamental-
Frequency Dependence of Vowel-Specific Spectral
Characteristics and "Inversions"
8.5 Addition: Resynthesis and Synthesis
64 9 Ambiguous Correspondence between Vowels
and Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
or Formant Patterns or Complete Spectral Envelopes
9.1 Ambiguous Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
and Ambiguous Formant Patterns
9.2 Ambiguous Spectral Envelopes
9.3 Ambiguity and Individual Vowels
9.4 Addition: Resynthesis and Synthesis
66 10 Lack of Correspondence between Patterns of Relative
Spectral Energy Maxima or Formant Patterns
and Speaker Groups or Vocal-Tract Sizes
10.1 Similar Patterns of Relative Spectral Maxima and Similar
Formant Patterns £ 1.5 kHz for Different Speaker Groups
or Different Vocal-Tract Sizes
10.2 The Dichotomy of the Vowel Spectrum
Content
10.3 Addition: Whispered Vowel Sounds and Speaker Groups
or Vocal-Tract Sizes
10.4 Addition: Vowel Imitations by Birds
10.5 Addition: Resynthesis and Synthesis
70 11 Lack of Correlation between Methodological
Limitations of Formant Determination and Limitations
of Vowel Perception
11.1 Vowel Perception at Fundamental Frequencies 350 Hz
11.2 Lack of Correspondence between Methodological
Problems of Formant Pattern Estimation at Fundamental
Frequencies s 350 Hz and Impaired Vowel Perception
11.3 Addition: Lack of Methodological Basis of Determining
Formant Patterns for Vowel Mimicry by Birds
Part IV Falsification
74 12 Empirical Falsification despite Methodological
Limitations of Determining Patterns of Relative
Spectral Envelope Maxima or Formant Patterns
12.1 Lack of Methodological Basis for Verifying Prevailing
Theory
12.2 Systematic Divergence of Empirical Findings
from Predictions of Prevailing Theory
12.3 Empirical Findings Directly Contradicting Prevailing Theory
PartV Commentary
78 13 Preliminaries
13.1 Impediments to Adjusting Prevailing Theory
13.2 Prevailing Theory as an Index
13.3 Excursus: Vowel Quality and Harmonic Spectrum
13.4 "Forefield"
13.5 Two Approaches
13.6 Phenomenology
13.7 Theory Building
87 Afterword
Materials
Materials Part I
98 M1 Prevailing Theory
102 M2 Prevailing Empirical References
Materials Part II
106 M3 Vowels and Number of Formants
107 M4 Vowels and Fundamental Frequency
112 M5 Formant Patterns and Speaker Groups
118 M6 Terms of Reference, Methods of Formant Estimation
Materials Part III
128 Note on the Method
132 M7 Unsystematic Correspondence between Vowels,
Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
and Formant Patterns
M7.1 Inconstant Number of Vowel-Specific Relative Spectral
Energy Maxima and Incongruence of Vowel-Specific
Formant Patterns
M7.2 Partial Lack of Manifestation of Vowel-Specific Relative
Spectral Energy Maxima
158 M8 Lack of Correspondence between Vowels and
Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
or Formant Patterns
M8.1 Dependence of Vowel-Specific, Relative Spectral Energy
Maxima and Lower Formants s 1.5 kHz on Fundamental
Frequency
M8.2 Vowel Perception at Fundamental Frequencies above
Statistical Values of the Respective First Formant Fre-
quency
M8.3 "Inversions" of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima and
Minima and "Inverse" Formant Patterns in Sounds of
Individual Vowels
187 M9 Ambiguous Correspondence between Vowels and
Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima or
Formant Patterns or Complete Spectral Envelopes
M9.1 Ambiguous Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
and Ambiguous Formant Patterns
M9.2 Ambiguous Spectral Envelopes
M9.3 Ambiguity and Individual Vowels
217 M10 Lack of Correspondence between Patterns
of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima or Formant
Patterns and Age- and Gender-Related Speaker
Groups or Vocal-Tract Sizes
M10.1 Similar Patterns of Relative Spectral Maxima and
Similar Formant Patterns s 1.5 kHz for Different Age and
Gender-Related Speaker Groups or Vocal-Tract Sizes
M10.2 The Dichotomy of the Vowel Spectrum
M10.A Addition: Vowel Imitations by Birds
249 M11 Lack of Correlation between Methodological
Limitations of Formant Determination and
Limitations of Vowel Perception
M11.1 Vowel Perception at Fundamental Frequencies 350 Hz
M11.2 Lack of Correspondence between Methodological
Problems of Formant Pattern Estimation at Fundamental
Frequencies s 350 Hz and Impaired Vowel Perception
Experiments
252 E1 Number of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima
and Number of Formants
E1.1 Sounds of Back Vowels Showing only One Lower
Spectral Peaks: 1.5 kHz
E1.2 Sounds of Back Vowels Showing only One Pronounced
Lower Formants 1.5kHz
E1.3 Sounds of Single Front Vowels Showing
Non-Corresponding F2 and F3
E1.4 Sounds of Back Vowels Showing No Pronounced
Spectral Peak s 1.5 kHz
E1.5 Sounds of Front Vowels Showing No Pronounced
Spectral Peak 2 kHz
254 E2 Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima,
Formant Patterns and Fundamental Frequency
E2.1 Sounds of Single Vowels Produced at Different FO
Exhibiting Different Spectral Peaks and Different
Calculated Formant Patterns: Part 1, Dependence
of Formant Patterns on FO
E2.2 Sounds of Single Vowels Produced at Different FO
Exhibiting Different Spectral Peaks and Different
Calculated Formant Patterns: Part 2, Vowel Intelligibility
for Sounds at FO 500 Hz
E2.3 Sounds of Single Vowels Produced at Different FO
Exhibiting Different Spectral Peaks and Different
Calculated Formant Patterns: Part 3, Resynthesising
a Formant Pattern at Different FO
E2.4 Sounds of Single Back Vowels Produced at Different FO
Exhibiting Inverse Spectral Peaks
E2.5 Special Note Concerning Inconstant Numerical
Relationship between Calculated FO and Formant Patterns
257 E3 Formant Pattern Ambiguity
E3.1 Formant Pattern Ambiguity in Natural Vocalisations
E3.2 Formant Pattern Ambiguity in Model Synthesis
258 E4 Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima,
Formant Patterns and Age- and Gender-Related
Vocal-Tract Sizes
E4.1 Comparison of Vowel-Specific Spectral Characteristics
of Children, Women and Men Related to Different and
Similar FO of Vocalisations: Part 1, Natural Vocalisations
E4.2 Comparison of Vowel-Specific Spectral Characteristics
of Children, Women and Men Related to Different
and Similar FO of Vocalisations: Part 2, Resynthesis
260 E5 Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima,
Formant Patterns and Phonation Types
E5.1 Whispered Sounds Compared with Voiced Sounds
at Different FO in Utterances of a Single Speaker
E5.2 Whispered Sounds Compared with Voiced Sounds
at Different FO in Utterances of Speakers of Different
Speaker Groups
E5.3 Sounds of Back Vowels Showing Three Spectral
Peaks s 1.5 kHz
E5.4 Sounds of Front Vowels Showing Two Spectral
Peaks s 1.5 kHz
262 E6 Patterns of Relative Spectral Energy Maxima,
Formant Patterns and Vowel Imitation by Birds
E6.1 Direct Comparisons of Selected Sounds of Humans
and Birds
E6.2 Resynthesis Relating to "Anomalous" Formant Patterns
of Sounds of Birds
263 E7 Anomalous Vowel Spectra
E7.1 Spectra with Increasing Number of Harmonics Equal
in Amplitude ("Flat" Vowel Spectra)
E7.2 Spectra with Increasing Number of Harmonic Pairs
Showing Equal Amplitude Differences
("Ridged" Parts of Vowel Spectra)
264 E8 Aspects of Method
E8.1 Formant Pattern Estimation Related to Non-Standard
Parameters
E8.2 Formant Pattern Estimation at FO 350 Hz
E8.3 Resynthesis of Sounds at Varying FO and Subsequent
Formant Pattern Estimation
268 List of Figures
274 List of Tables
275 References |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Maurer, Dieter 1955- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)101662476X |
| author_facet | Maurer, Dieter 1955- |
| author_role | aut |
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| author_variant | d m dm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043420055 |
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| collection | ZDB-94-OAB ZDB-114-LOA |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-94-OAB)DOAB17986 (OCoLC)940726546 (DE-599)BVBBV043420055 |
| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Literaturwissenschaft |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3726/978-3-0343-2391-8 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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| oclc_num | 940726546 |
| open_access_boolean | 1 |
| owner | DE-12 DE-210 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1028 DE-1050 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-1051 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-1049 DE-861 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-Y3 DE-255 DE-Y7 DE-Y2 DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 DE-706 DE-824 DE-29 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-210 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1028 DE-1050 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-1051 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-1049 DE-861 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-Y3 DE-255 DE-Y7 DE-Y2 DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 DE-706 DE-824 DE-29 DE-739 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 279 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| psigel | ZDB-94-OAB ZDB-114-LOA |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Peter Lang |
| record_format | marc |
| series | SubTexte |
| series2 | SubTexte |
| spellingShingle | Maurer, Dieter 1955- Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries SubTexte Akustik (DE-588)4000988-9 gnd Vokal (DE-588)4063778-5 gnd Sprachphysiologie (DE-588)4077731-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000988-9 (DE-588)4063778-5 (DE-588)4077731-5 |
| title | Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries |
| title_auth | Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries |
| title_exact_search | Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries |
| title_full | Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries Dieter Maurer |
| title_fullStr | Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries Dieter Maurer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acoustics of the vowel preliminaries Dieter Maurer |
| title_short | Acoustics of the vowel |
| title_sort | acoustics of the vowel preliminaries |
| title_sub | preliminaries |
| topic | Akustik (DE-588)4000988-9 gnd Vokal (DE-588)4063778-5 gnd Sprachphysiologie (DE-588)4077731-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Akustik Vokal Sprachphysiologie |
| url | https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&uiLanguage=en&rid=17986 https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0343-2391-8 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028838033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV045447127 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maurerdieter acousticsofthevowelpreliminaries |