Radar equations for modern radar:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Boston
Artech House
[2013]
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| Series: | Artech House radar library
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | FAW01 FAW02 Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Description based on print version record |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource (448 pages) illustrations |
| ISBN: | 1608075214 1608075222 9781608075218 9781608075225 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Radar equations for modern radar |c David K. Barton |
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| 300 | |a 1 online resource (448 pages) |b illustrations | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Artech House radar library | |
| 500 | |a Description based on print version record | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Development of the radar equation -- The search radar equation -- Radar equations for clutter and jamming -- Detection theory -- Beamshape loss -- System noise temperature -- Atmospheric effects -- The pattern-propagation factor -- Clutter and signal processing -- Loss factors in the radar equation | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Based on the classic, "Radar Range-Performance Analysis from 1980," this practical volume extends that work to ensure applicability of radar equations to the design and analysis of modern radars. This book helps you identify what information on the radar and its environment is needed to predict detection range. Moreover, it provides equations and data to improve the accuracy of range calculations. You find detailed information on propagation effects, methods of range calculation in environments that include clutter, jamming and thermal noise, as well as loss factors that reduce radar performance. This book is supported with nearly 200 illustrations and over 430 equations. -- | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804175400358641664 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Radar equations for modern radar
Autor: Barton, David Knox
Jahr: 2013
Contents
Preface......................................xv
Chapter 1 Development of the Radar Equation................1
1.1 Radar Equation Fundamentals................1
1.1.1 Maximum Available Signal-to-Noise Ratio .... 2
1.1.2 Minimum Required Signal-to-Noise Ratio .... 4
1.1.3 Maximum Detection Range for Pulsed Radar ... 5
1.2 The Original Radar Equation................ 5
1.3 Blake s Radar Equation for Pulsed Radar..........6
1.3.1 Significance of Terms in Blake s Equation .... 7
1.3.2 Methods of Solving for Range...........9
1.3.3 Advantages of the Blake Chart..........11
1.3.4 Blake s Coherent Radar Equation........ 11
1.3.5 Blake s Bistatic Range Equation.........12
1.4 Other Forms of the Radar Equation............ 13
1.4.1 Hall s Radar Equations..............13
1.4.2 Barton s Radar Equations.............14
1.5 Avoiding Pitfalls in Range Calculation.......... 16
1.5.1 System Noise Temperature Ts...........16
1.5.2 Use of Signal-to-Noise Energy Ratio.......17
1.5.3 Use of Average Power.............. 18
15.4 Bandwidth Correction and Matching Factors . . 18
1.5.5 Detectability Factors for Arbitrary Targets .... 18
1.5.6 Pattern-Propagation Factor............ 19
1.5.7 Loss Factors.................... 19
1.5.8 Summary of Pitfalls in Range Calculation .... 20
1.6 Radar Equation for Modern Radar Systems........ 20
1.6.1 Factors Requiring Modifications to the Radar
Equation.................... 20
1.6.2 Equations Applicable to Modern Radars.....23
1.6.3 Method of Calculating Detection Range.....24
1.6.4 Vertical Coverage Charts.............27
1.6.5 Required Probability of Detection........28
vi Radar Equations for Modern Radar
1.7 Summary of Radar Equation Development........ 30
References............................. 30
Chapter 2 The Search Radar Equation.................... 33
2.1 Derivation of the Search Radar Equation......... 34
2.2 Search Sectors for Air Surveillance............ 37
2.2.1 Elevation Coverage in 2-D Surveillance..... 37
2.2.2 Fan-Beam Pattern for 2-D Air Surveillance ... 38
2.2.3 Cosecant-Squared Pattern for 2-D Surveillance . 39
2.2.4 Coverage to Constant Altitude.......... 40
2.2.5 Enhanced Upper Coverage for 2-D Surveillance 40
2.2.6 Reflector Antenna design for 2-D Surveillance
Radar...................... 41
2.2.7 Array Antennas for 2-D Surveillance Radar ... 41
2.2.8 Example of Required Power-Aperture Product
for 2-D Radar................. 42
2.3 Three-Dimensional Air Surveillance........... 43
2.3.1 Stacked-Beam 3-D Surveillance Radar..... 43
2.3.2 Scanning-beam 3-D Surveillance Radars .... 43
2.3.3 Search Losses for 3-D Surveillance Radar .... 44
2.4 Surveillance with Multifunction Array Radar....... 44
2.4.1 Example of MFAR Search Sectors........ 45
2.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of MFAR Search 46
2.4.3 Example of Search Radar Equation for MFAR 47
2.5 The Search Fence..................... 48
2.5.1 Search Sector for the Fence........... 49
2.5.2 Example ICBM Fence.............. 50
2.6 Search Losses....................... 51
2.6.1 Reduction in Available Energy Ratio...... 51
2.6.2 Increase in Required Energy Ratio........ 52
2.6.3 Summary of Losses................ 52
References............................. 54
Chapter 3 Radar Equations for Clutter and Jamming............ 55
3.1 Signal-to-Interference Ratio................ 55
3.2 Clutter Effect on Detection Range............. 57
3.2.1 Range-Ambiguous Clutter............ 57
3.2.2 Types of Radar Waveforms........... 58
3.2.3 Clutter Detectability Factor............ 59
3.2.4 Effective Spectral Density of Clutter....... 61
3.2.5 Detection Range with Clutter........... 62
Contents vii
3.3 Detection in Surface Clutter................62
3.3.1 Clutter from a Flat Surface............62
3.3.2 Surface Clutter from the Spherical Earth.....65
3.3.3 Surface Clutter Cross Section.......... 66
3.3.4 Input Energy of Surface Clutter......... 68
3.3.5 Detection Range of Surface-Based CW and
HPRF Radars..................73
3.3.6 Summary of Detection in Surface Clutter .... 76
3.4 Detection in Volume Clutter................77
3.4.1 Geometry of Volume Clutter.......... 77
3.4.2 Volume Clutter Cross Section.......... 78
3.4.3 Volume Clutter Energy............. 79
3.4.4 Volume Clutter Detectability Factor....... 80
3.4.5 Detection Range in Volume Clutter and Noise . 80
3.4.6 Volume Clutter in CW and PD Radars..... 82
3.4.7 Summary of Detection in Volume Clutter .... 87
3.5 Effects of Discrete Clutter................. 88
3.5.1 Effect of False Alarms.............. 89
3.5.2 Required Noise False-Alarm Probability .... 89
3.5.3 Requirements for Rejection of Discrete Clutter . 90
3 5.4 Summary of Discrete Clutter Effects...... 91
3.6 Sidelobe Clutter...................... 91
3.6.1 Surface Clutter in Sidelobes........... 91
3.6.2 Volume Clutter in Sidelobes...........93
3.7 Detection in Noise Jamming................94
3.7.1 Objective and Methods of Noise Jamming .... 94
3.7.2 Radar Equations for Noise Jamming.......96
3.7.3 Examples of Noise Jamming...........98
3.8 Deceptive Jamming....................101
3.8.1 Range Equations for Deceptive Jamming .... 102
3.9 Summary of Detection in Jamming ...........106
3.9.1 Range with Noise Jamming........... 106
3.9.2 Deceptive Jammer Equations.......... 106
3.10 Detection in Combined Interference........... 106
References ........................... 107
Chapter 4 Detection Theory.........................109
4.1 Background.......................109
4.2 Steady-Target Detectability Factor...........110
4.2.1 Exact Steady-Target Detection Probability ... Ill
4.2.2 Threshold Level.................Ill
4.2.3 Exact Steady-Target Detectability Factor .... 114
viii Radar Equations for Modern Radar
4.2.4 Exact Single-Pulse, Steady-Target Detectability
Factor..................... 114
4.2.5 Approximations for Single-Pulse, Steady-
Target Detectability Factor.......... 115
4.2.6 Approximations forw-Pulse, Steady-Target
Detectability Factor.............. 116
4.3 Detectability Factors for Fluctuating Targets..... 118
4.3.1 Generalized Chi-Square Target Fluctuation
Model..................... 118
4.3.2 Detection of Signals with Chi-Square Statistics 119
4.3.3 SwerlingCase 1................. 120
4.3.4 Swerling Case 2................. 124
4.3.5 Swerling Case 3................. 125
4.3.6 Swerling Case 4................. 127
4.4 Equations Based on Detector Loss........... 127
4.4.1 Coherent Detection............... 127
4.4.2 Envelope Detection and Detector Loss..... 129
4.4.3 Integration Loss................. 129
4.4.4 Integration Gain................. 131
4.4.5 Fluctuation Loss................. 132
4.4.6 Case 1 Detectability Factor........... 133
4.4.7 Detectability Factors for Other Fluctuating
Targets.................... 134
4.5 Diversity in Radar................... 134
4.5.1 Diversity Gain.................. 134
4.5.2 Signal and Target Models with Diversity .... 135
4.6 Visibility Factor.................... 138
4.7 Summary of Detection Theory............. 140
References............................ 141
Chapter 5 Beamshape Loss......................... 143
5.1 Background....................... 143
5.1.1 Definition of Beamshape Loss......... 143
5.1.2 Sampling in Angle Space............ 144
5.1.3 Literature on Beamshape Loss......... 145
5.2 Beamshape Loss with Dense Sampling........ 146
5.2.1 Simple Beamshape Loss Model......... 146
5.2.2 Antenna Patterns................ 147
5.2.3 Beamshape Loss for Different Patterns..... 148
5.3 Sparse Sampling in 1-DScan............. 149
5.3.1 Method of Calculation for 1-D Scan...... 149
5.3.2 Steady Target Beamshape Loss for 1-D Scan . 151
5.3.3 Case 1 Beamshape Loss for 1-D Scan......... 153
Contents ix
5.3.4 Case 2 Beamshape Loss for 1-D Scan......... 155
5.3.5 Beamshape Loss Used in Search Radar Equation for
1-D Scan................... 158
5.4 Sparse Sampling in 2-D Raster Scan.......... 160
5.4.1 Method of Calculation for 2-D Scan...... 162
5.4.2 Steady Target Beamshape Loss for 2-D Scan . 162
5.4.3 Case 1 Beamshape Loss for 2-D Scan..... 163
5.4.4 Case 2 Beamshape Loss for 2-D Scan..... 165
5.4.5 Diversity Target Beamshape Loss for 2-D Scan 168
5.4.6 Beamshape Loss in the Search Radar Equation
for 2-D Raster Scan.............. 171
5.5 Sparse Sampling Using a Triangular Grid....... 174
5.5.1 Method of Calculation for Triangular Grid ... 174
5.5.2 Steady Target Beamshape Loss for Triangular
Grid...................... 175
5.5.3 Case 1 Beamshape Loss for Triangular Grid . . 175
5.5.4 Case 2 Beamshape Loss for Triangular Grid . . 176
5.5.5 Diversity Target Beamshape Loss for
Triangular Grid................ 178
5.5.6 Beamshape Loss in Search Radar Equation for
Triangular Grid................ 180
5.6 Summary of Beamshape Loss............. 181
5.6.1 Beamshape Loss for Dense Sampling..... 181
5.6.2 Beamshape Loss for Sparse Sampling..... 182
5.6.3 Processing Methods............... 184
5.6.4 Net Beamshape Loss for the Search Radar
Equation................... 185
5.6.5 Beamshape Loss for Unequally Spaced 2-D
Scan...................... 186
References............................ 186
Appendix 5 A Analytical Approximations for Beamshape
Loss...................... 188
5A.1 1-D Beamshape Loss.............. 188
5A.2 2-D Beamshape Loss with Rectangular Grid . . 189
5A.3 2-D Beamshape Loss with Triangular Grid ... 192
Chapter 6 System Noise Temperature.................... 197
6.1 Noise in the Radar Bands................ 197
6.1.1 Noise Spectral Density............. 197
6.1.2 Noise Statistics................. 198
6.2 Sources of Noise in Radar Reception..........200
x Radar Equations for Modern Radar
6.3 Antenna Noise Temperature.............. 201
6.3.1 Sources of Antenna Noise Temperature..... 201
6.3.2 Sky Noise Temperature............. 204
6.3.3 Noise Temperature from the Surface...... 209
6.3.4 Noise Temperature from Antenna Ohmic Loss 211
6.3.5 Noise Temperature from Antenna Mismatch . . 212
6.3.6 Approximation for Antenna Noise Temperature 215
6.4 Receiving Line Temperature.............. 217
6.5 Receiver Noise Temperature.............. 217
6.5.1 Noise in Cascaded Receiver Stages....... 217
6.5.2 Input and Output Levels............. 219
6.5.3 Quantizing Noise................ 220
6.6 Summary of Receiving System Noise......... 221
6.6.1 Thermal Noise Dependence on Carrier
Frequency................... 221
6.6.2 Applicability of Blake s Method........ 222
6.6.3 Refined Method for Modern Radar....... 222
6.6.4 Receiver and Quantization Noise Temperature 223
References............................ 223
Chapter 7 Atmospheric Effects....................... 225
7.1 Tropospheric Refraction................ 225
7.1.1 Refractive Index of Air............. 226
7.1.2 Standard Atmosphere.............. 227
7.1.3 Inclusion of Water Vapor............ 228
7.1.4 Vertical Profile of Refractivity......... 229
7.1.5 Ray Paths in the Troposphere.......... 231
7.2 Attenuation in the Troposphere............ 232
7.2.1 Sea-Level Attenuation Coefficients of
Atmospheric Gases................ 233
7.2.2 Variation of Attenuation Coefficients with
Altitude...................... 237
7.2.3 Attenuation Through the Troposphere..... 237
7.2.4 Attenuation to Range R............. 238
7.2.5 Attenuation for Dry and Moist Atmospheres . . 244
7.3 Attenuation from Precipitation............. 246
7.3.1 Rain Attenuation Coefficient at 293K..... 246
7.3.2 Temperature Dependence of Rain Attenuation 247
7.3.3 Rainfall Rate Statistics............. 249
7.3.4 Attenuation in Snow.............. 251
7.3.5 Attenuation in Clouds.............. 253
7.3.6 Weather Effects on System Noise Temperature 255
7.4 Tropospheric Lens Loss................ 255
Contents xi
7.5 Ionospheric Effects................... 257
7.5.1 Geometry of Ray in Ionosphere......... 258
7.5.2 Ionospheric Structure.............. 258
7.5.3 Total Electron Count.............. 260
7.5.4 Faraday Rotation................ 260
7.5.5 Dispersion Across Signal Spectrum...... 264
7.6 Summary of Atmospheric Effects........... 269
References............................ 270
Chapter 8 The Pattern-Propagation Factor................. 273
8.1 Equations for the F-Factor............... 274
8.1.1 Derivation of the F-Factor........... 274
8.1.2 Application of the F-Factor........... 276
8.2 Geometrical Models of the Ray Paths......... 277
8.2.1 Method 1: Flat-Earth Approximation for
Distant Target................. 278
8.2.2 Method 2: Flat Earth Approximation with
Target at Arbitrary Range........... 279
8.2.3 Method 3: First-Order Approximation for Spher-
ical Earth ................ 280
8.2.4 Method 4: Approximation for Spherical Earth
with Distant Target R............. 282
8.2.5 Method 5: Approximation for Spherical Earth
with Target at Arbitrary Range........ 283
8.2.6 Method 6: Exact Expressions for Spherical
Earth with Target at Arbitrary Range..... 285
8.2.7 Comparison of Approximate Methods..... 286
8.3 Reflection Coefficient................. 287
8.3.1 Fresnel Reflection Coefficient......... 288
8.3.2 Reflection from Rough Surfaces....... 292
8.3.3 Land Surfaces with Vegetation......... 295
8.3.4 The Divergence Factor............. 295
8.4 Diffraction....................... 296
8.4.1 Smooth-Sphere Diffraction........... 296
8.4.2 Knife-Edge Diffraction............. 299
8.5 The Interference Region................ 302
8.6 The Intermediate Region................ 303
8.6.1 F-Factor as a Function of Range........ 303
8.6.2 F-Factor as a Function of Altitude....... 305
8.6.3 Vertical-Plane Coverage Charts......... 306
8.7 Summary of Propagation Factors........... 309
References............................ 310
xii Radar Equations for Modern Radar
Chapter 9 Clutter and Signal Processing..................311
9.1 Modes of Surface Clutter................311
9.1.1 Clutter Cross Section and Reflectivity..... 311
9.1.2 Surface Clutter Pattern-Propagation Factor ... 313
9.1.3 Spectral Properties of Surface Clutter...... 318
9.1.4 Amplitude Distributions of Surface Clutter ... 321
9.2 Models of Sea Clutter................. 323
9.2.1 Physical Properties of the Sea Surface..... 323
9.2.2 Reflectivity of Sea Clutter............ 324
9.2.3 Power Spectrum of Sea Clutter......... 326
9.2.4 Amplitude Distribution of Sea Clutter..... 327
9.3 Models of Land Clutter................. 327
9.3.1 Reflectivity of Land Clutter...........329
9.3.2 Power Spectrum of Land Clutter........331
9.3.3 Amplitude Distribution of Land Clutter.....332
9.4 Discrete Clutter.....................333
9.4.1 Discrete Land Features.............333
9.4.2 Birds and Insects................ 333
9.4.3 Land Vehicles..................334
9.4.4 Wind Turbines..................335
9.5 Models of Volume Clutter...............335
9.5.1 Volume Clutter Cross Section and Reflectivity 336
9.5.2 Volume Clutter Pattern-Propagation Factor . . . 337
9.5.3 Spectral Properties of Volume Clutter..... 338
9.5.4 Amplitude Distribution of Volume Clutter . . . 340
9.5.5 Precipitation Clutter Models.......... 340
9.5.6 ChaffModels.................. 343
9.6 Clutter Improvement Factor.............. 344
9.6.1 Coherent MTI Improvement Factors...... 345
9.6.2 Noncoherent MTI Improvement Factors .... 347
9.6.3 Other MTI Considerations........... 347
9.6.4 Pulsed Doppler Processing........... 348
9.6.5 Clutter Maps.................. 352
9.7 Summary of Clutter and Signal Processing...... 352
References............................ 353
Chapter 10 Loss Factors in the Radar Equation............... 357
10.1 Reduction in Received Signal Energy.........358
10.1.1 Terms Specified in the Radar Equation .... 358
10.1.2 Components of Range-Dependent Response
FactorFrdr..................361
10.1.3 Losses Included in System Noise Temperature 364
Contents xiii
10.1.4 Losses in Search Radar Equation....... 364
10.1.5 Losses Included in Antenna Gain....... 367
10.2 Increases in Required Signal Energy.......... 370
10.2.1 Statistical Losses............... 370
10.2.2 Losses in Basic Detectability Factor..... 374
10.2.3 Matching and Bandwidth Losses....... 375
10.2.4 Beamshape Loss Lp.............. 378
10.2.5 Signal Processing Losses........... 379
10.2.6 Losses in Clutter Detectability Factor .... 388
10.3 Losses in Visual Detection............... 394
10.3.1 Losses in the Visibility Factor........ 394
10.3.2 Collapsing Loss on the Display........ 394
10.3.3 Bandwidth Correction Factor Cb....... 395
10.3.4 Operator Loss L0............... 395
10.4 Summary of Loss Factors............... 396
References............................ 397
List of Symbols................................. 399
Appendix Analysis Tools on DVD..................... 411
About the Author................................ 419
Index...................................... 421
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Barton, David Knox 1927- |
| author_facet | Barton, David Knox 1927- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Barton, David Knox 1927- |
| author_variant | d k b dk dkb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043038435 |
| collection | ZDB-4-EBA |
| contents | Development of the radar equation -- The search radar equation -- Radar equations for clutter and jamming -- Detection theory -- Beamshape loss -- System noise temperature -- Atmospheric effects -- The pattern-propagation factor -- Clutter and signal processing -- Loss factors in the radar equation Based on the classic, "Radar Range-Performance Analysis from 1980," this practical volume extends that work to ensure applicability of radar equations to the design and analysis of modern radars. This book helps you identify what information on the radar and its environment is needed to predict detection range. Moreover, it provides equations and data to improve the accuracy of range calculations. You find detailed information on propagation effects, methods of range calculation in environments that include clutter, jamming and thermal noise, as well as loss factors that reduce radar performance. This book is supported with nearly 200 illustrations and over 430 equations. -- |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)874812893 (DE-599)BVBBV043038435 |
| dewey-full | 448 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 448 - Standard French usage |
| dewey-raw | 448 |
| dewey-search | 448 |
| dewey-sort | 3448 |
| dewey-tens | 440 - French & related Romance languages |
| discipline | Romanistik |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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| id | DE-604.BV043038435 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:15:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1608075214 1608075222 9781608075218 9781608075225 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028463081 |
| oclc_num | 874812893 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1046 DE-1047 |
| owner_facet | DE-1046 DE-1047 |
| physical | 1 online resource (448 pages) illustrations |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA ZDB-4-EBA FAW_PDA_EBA |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Artech House |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Artech House radar library |
| spelling | Barton, David Knox 1927- Verfasser aut Radar equations for modern radar David K. Barton Boston Artech House [2013] © 2013 1 online resource (448 pages) illustrations txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Artech House radar library Description based on print version record Development of the radar equation -- The search radar equation -- Radar equations for clutter and jamming -- Detection theory -- Beamshape loss -- System noise temperature -- Atmospheric effects -- The pattern-propagation factor -- Clutter and signal processing -- Loss factors in the radar equation Based on the classic, "Radar Range-Performance Analysis from 1980," this practical volume extends that work to ensure applicability of radar equations to the design and analysis of modern radars. This book helps you identify what information on the radar and its environment is needed to predict detection range. Moreover, it provides equations and data to improve the accuracy of range calculations. You find detailed information on propagation effects, methods of range calculation in environments that include clutter, jamming and thermal noise, as well as loss factors that reduce radar performance. This book is supported with nearly 200 illustrations and over 430 equations. -- FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / French bisacsh Radar fast Radar http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=753579 Aggregator Volltext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028463081&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Barton, David Knox 1927- Radar equations for modern radar Development of the radar equation -- The search radar equation -- Radar equations for clutter and jamming -- Detection theory -- Beamshape loss -- System noise temperature -- Atmospheric effects -- The pattern-propagation factor -- Clutter and signal processing -- Loss factors in the radar equation Based on the classic, "Radar Range-Performance Analysis from 1980," this practical volume extends that work to ensure applicability of radar equations to the design and analysis of modern radars. This book helps you identify what information on the radar and its environment is needed to predict detection range. Moreover, it provides equations and data to improve the accuracy of range calculations. You find detailed information on propagation effects, methods of range calculation in environments that include clutter, jamming and thermal noise, as well as loss factors that reduce radar performance. This book is supported with nearly 200 illustrations and over 430 equations. -- FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / French bisacsh Radar fast Radar |
| title | Radar equations for modern radar |
| title_auth | Radar equations for modern radar |
| title_exact_search | Radar equations for modern radar |
| title_full | Radar equations for modern radar David K. Barton |
| title_fullStr | Radar equations for modern radar David K. Barton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radar equations for modern radar David K. Barton |
| title_short | Radar equations for modern radar |
| title_sort | radar equations for modern radar |
| topic | FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / French bisacsh Radar fast Radar |
| topic_facet | FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / French Radar |
| url | http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=753579 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028463081&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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