System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013):
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Poznań
Instytut Zachodni
2014
|
| Series: | Republika Federalna Niemiec XX lat po zjednoczeniu
8 Studium Niemcoznawcze 93 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 306 Seiten Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788361736509 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Spls tresei
Wstçp.............................................................. j
I. Ewolucja systemu partyjnego w paústwach niemieckich (do 1990 T.). . 17
1. Poczatki partii politycznych na ziemiach niemieckich.
System partyjny Ezeszy Niemieckiej (18711933).................. 17
2. System partyjny Republiki Federalnej Niemiec (ig49-iggo)...... 30
3. System partyjny Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej (1949-1990) . . 4g
II. Prawnokonstytucyjne ramy funkcjonowania partii politycznych . . 55
1. Ustawa Zasadnicza i Ustawa o partiach politycznych z 1967 r... 55
2. Organizacja partii............................................ 62
3. Finansowanie partii politycznych.............................. 71
4- Federalna ordynacja wyborcza.................................. 81
5. Niemiecki federalizm a partie polityczne...................... 85
III. Przemiany wewnçtrzne najwiçkszych partii politycznych
po zjednoczeniu (1990-2013)...................................... 91
1. Partie chadeckie: CDU i CSU................................... 91
2. SPD.......................................................... 131
3-FDP............................................................150
4. Sojusz go/Zieloni............................................ 168
5. PDS - Linkspartei.PDS - Die Linke............................ 178
6. Pozostale partie..............................................190
IV Od ukladu dwublokowego do systemu piçciu partii.
Ewolucja niemieckiego systemu partyjnego w latach 1990-2013 . . . 206
1. Periodyzacja..................................................207
2. Rozne preferencje wyborców na wschodzie i zachodzie Niemiec. 218
3. Pola konfliktów w obrçbie systemu partyjnego
i potencjal koalicyjny partii..................................226
4. Kryzys i krytyka partii politycznych..........................234
V Wybory do Bundestagu z 22 wrzeánia 2013 r. i ich wplyw
na niemiecki System partyjny.....................................249
Zakohczenie..........................................................273
Aneks................................................................27g
Bibliografía.........................................................293
Spis rysunków, tabel i wykresôw .....................................301
Summary..............................................................303
The Party System and Political Parties in unified Germany (1990-2013)
Summary
The authors objective is to present the changes that the German political parties and political system have undergone in the years 1990-2013. The reunification of the two German states accomplished in iggo resulted in a transfer of regulations on West German political parties from the former German Democratic Republic to the so-called federal states. The West German party system of the ig8o‘s comprised four parties (CDU/CSU, FDP, The Greens) but after iggo it expanded to incorporate the East German PBS. The post-communist PDS was a party that primarily representing the interests of the Germans from the East, where it had secured a strong position for itself. This however did not guarantee its passing the 5% electoral threshold in the elections to the Bundestag. Thereby in the years iggo-2005 in the FRG there developed a „fluid system of five parties” where the PDS balanced on the verge of the electoral threshold. The position of the PDS was strengthened in 2005 when it manager to find a partner in West Germany (WASG), and as a result the support for the former PDS (from 2007 Die Linke) in three subsequent elections to the Bundestag (2005, 200g, 2013) decidedly exceeded the 5% mark. Consequently, on the federation level in the years 2005-2013 the party system transformed into a „five-party system”. One might venture a thesis that the emergence of the PDS was the most important effect of reunification and a major influence on the shape of the German party system after iggo. Another important consequence of reunification was the development on the territory of the former GDR of a unique party system characterized by a strong position of the PDS (later Die Linke) and much weaker support for traditional parties (CDU, SPD, FDP, The Green) than in the West of Germany. Different electoral preferences of Eastern Germans stemmed among others from a more difficult economic situation of the new federal states, disappointment with the costs of transformation and a longing of some part of the inhabitants of Eastern Germany for
304 • Summary
the „good times of the GDR”. The author draws attention to the fact that after 1990 the numbers of members of political parties dropped markedly, but this is not an exceptional phenomenon among Western democracies. After iggo there was increased criticism towards traditional parties and their role in the German political system, and one of its consequences was a decline in electoral turnout and the above mentioned fall in the number of party members. Results of elections to the Bundestag in the years iggo-2013 show that the position of the two great Volksparteien (CDU/CSUand SPD) within the German party system was on the wane. Concurrently, in recent years there has been growing interest in new socio political groups and movements which place themselves in opposition to the traditional parties, not infrequently assuming the character of anti-system movements, like the Pirate Party or the Alternative for Germany (AfD). The A/D was created in February 2013 and just seven months later it managed to achieve substantial success in election to the 18th Bundestag (22 September 2013), winning a support of 4,7% and thus nearly crossing the electoral threshold. The latter election brought significant changes within the German party system which are described in more detail in the last chapter of the present study. Their biggest loser turned out to be the FDP, which for the first time from the outset of the FRG did not enter the Bundestag. It is obvious that after iggo changes within the German party system gained dynamism.
The book consists of an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion and an appendix containing a comparison of the election results to the Bundestag, the European Parliament and federal state parliaments in the years iggo-2013. The first chapter describes the evolution of the party system and the German political parties in the years 1871-iggo. The chapter consists of three parts. Part one brings an account of the beginnings of political parties on the German soil and a characterization of the specifics of the party system of the German Reich in the time of the Empire (1871-1918) and the Weimar Republic (igig-ig33). The main focus is on a detailed analysis of the party system of the FRG (ig4g-iggo), on which the contemporary party system of reunified Germany is based. Attention is drawn among others to the development of a specific type of great nationwide parties (Volksparteien, Eng. catch all parties) that integrate various social groups and gradually become similar in programmatic terms - CDU/CSU and SPD. The dominant influence of three parties (CDU/CSU, and FDP) on the German party system in the ig6os and ig70s is also examined. The last part portrays the specificity of the party system in the GDR, viz. a hegemonic party system with the communist SEDin the role of the hegemonist.
Summary • 3Q5
The second chapter provides a detailed account of the legal framework for the functioning of the political parties in Germany The author presents the legal constitutional grounds of the functioning of political parties in the FRG based on an analysis of art. 21 of the Basic Law, the repeatedly amended Political Parties Act of 1967 and the rulings of the Federal Constitutional Court. In a further part of the chapter he discusses the financing of political parties, their organization, the electoral system and the impact of federalism on the functioning of political parties in Germany
The third chapter, which is also the largest one, describes changes within the biggest German political parties: the Christian Democratic parties (CDUand CSU), SPD, FDP, Alliance 90/The Greens and PDS (since 2007 Die Linke). A separate section is devoted to the smaller parties: the parties of the extreme right, „Schill s Party”, FW and the Pirate Party. The author focuses on such aspects as competition within party leadership, evolution of party programs, electoral strategies and coalition-building strategies.
Chapter four treats about system transformations. Transformations of the party system in the years 1990-2013 are characterized and examined in detail, starting from the „fluid system of five parties” which included a two-block coalition in the years iggo-2005 when the power was held by the so-called bourgeois block CDU/CSU-FDP (iggo-igg8) or the left-wing block SPD-The Green (1998-2005). This system broke up in 2005 when a large representation of the Linkspartei.PDS entered the Bundestag, making it impossible for either of the previous blocks to gain a majority in the house. PDS as such was irrelevant on the coalition level since none of the remaining parties was ready to form a ruling coalition with it. New solutions had to be sought leading to the creation of the government of the so-called great coalition made up of the biggest parties: CDU/CSU and SPD At the same time the presence of a strong representation of the Linkspartei.PDS (from 2007 Die Linke) in the Bundestag brought about a transformation of the FRG s party system from a „fluid system of five parties” into a „five-party system” with an established position of PDS/Die Linke. In the next section of the chapter the different electoral preferences of Germans from the East and the West and their rationale are discussed. Also the areas of conflict within the German party system are analyzed (the Neugebauer and Stoss model) and the coalition potential of particular parties is characterized. Furthermore, the author indicates the causes of the crisis and criticism of the German political parties, drawing attention to such aspects as falling numbers of members of a majority of the big political parties and the ageing of their membership base which especially affect the CDU/CSU and SPD.
306 • Summary
Chapter five contains an analysis of election to the 18th Bundestag held on 22 September 2013. Poll results reflected extensive transformations of the German political scene and shaped the contemporary German party system for the years 2013-2017. Analysis of the election results is preceded by an account of the amendment of the electoral regulations and the subsequent course of the electoral campaign as well as a presentation of a new movement - Alternative for Germany (AfD). Election results brought an evident victory of the CDU/CSU (41,5% support), followed by SPD (25,7%), Die Linke (8,6%) and Alliance 90/The Greens (8,4%). The FDP(4,8%) and the AfD (4,7%) came just below the electoral threshold. On the basis of election results the author puts forward a thesis that for the years 2013-2017 the party system in the FRG adopted a temporary form of 4+2: four parties represented in the Bundestag CDU/CSU, SPD, Die Linke, Alliance 90/The Greens and two which came just below the electoral threshold - FDP and AfD. This configuration is of a provisional character because of the situation of the AfD and FDP, which in the coming years will either strengthen their position and enter the Bundestag in the next election, or will become marginalized. Although in the case of the AfD the result obtained by the new movement can be seen as a success, a similar result meant a painful historical defeat for the FDP as for the first time in its entire history the liberal party did not win any seats in the Bundestag. The election of 22 September 2013 brought a strengthening of both great Volksparteien in comparison with the poll of 2009, and this means a reversal of a negative trend for the big parties which was manifested by their decreasing support in each consecutive election after 2002.
Low representativeness of the 18th Bundestag must be seen as a negative outcome of the election, as seats were won by deputies representing parties which had obtained merely 84,2% of valid second votes (the lowest result since the adoption of the 5% electoral threshold for the whole federation). Due to election results - similarly as in 2005 - none of the blocks had a majority in the Bundestag and it became necessary to create a government of the great coalition {CDU/CSU-SPD) under the leadership of Angela Merkel. Elections to the European Parliament in May 2014 confirmed a change in the distribution of power on the German political scene. They brought about a strengthening of the position of the AfD and a further weakening of the FDP. Thereby a subsequent stage of the ongoing new distribution of power on the German political scene began, corroborating the thesis of enhanced dynamism of changes within the German party system after the reunification and especially after 2005.
Translated by Maigorzata Wiertlewska
v
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| id | DE-604.BV042973962 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:14:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788361736509 |
| language | Polish |
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| publishDate | 2014 |
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| series | Republika Federalna Niemiec XX lat po zjednoczeniu Studium Niemcoznawcze |
| series2 | Republika Federalna Niemiec XX lat po zjednoczeniu Studium Niemcoznawcze |
| spelling | Kubiak, Piotr Verfasser aut System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) Piotr Kubiak Poznań Instytut Zachodni 2014 306 Seiten Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Republika Federalna Niemiec XX lat po zjednoczeniu 8 Studium Niemcoznawcze 93 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache unter dem Titel: The party system and political parties in unified Germany (1990-2013) Geschichte 1990-2013 gnd rswk-swf Partie polityczne / Niemcy / od 1990 r Partie polityczne / Niemcy / 1990- jhpk Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd rswk-swf Niemcy / polityka wewnętrzna / od 1990 r Niemcy / polityka i rządy / 1990- jhpk Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 s Geschichte 1990-2013 z DE-604 Republika Federalna Niemiec XX lat po zjednoczeniu 8 (DE-604)BV040027789 8 Studium Niemcoznawcze 93 (DE-604)BV036839506 93 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028399697&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028399697&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kubiak, Piotr System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) Republika Federalna Niemiec XX lat po zjednoczeniu Studium Niemcoznawcze Partie polityczne / Niemcy / od 1990 r Partie polityczne / Niemcy / 1990- jhpk Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044737-6 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) |
| title_auth | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) |
| title_exact_search | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) |
| title_full | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) Piotr Kubiak |
| title_fullStr | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) Piotr Kubiak |
| title_full_unstemmed | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) Piotr Kubiak |
| title_short | System partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych Niemiec (1990-2013) |
| title_sort | system partyjny i partie polityczne zjednoczonych niemiec 1990 2013 |
| topic | Partie polityczne / Niemcy / od 1990 r Partie polityczne / Niemcy / 1990- jhpk Partei (DE-588)4044737-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Partie polityczne / Niemcy / od 1990 r Partie polityczne / Niemcy / 1990- Partei Niemcy / polityka wewnętrzna / od 1990 r Niemcy / polityka i rządy / 1990- Deutschland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028399697&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028399697&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV040027789 (DE-604)BV036839506 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kubiakpiotr systempartyjnyipartiepolitycznezjednoczonychniemiec19902013 |