Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000: cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Romanian |
| Published: |
Cluj-Napoca
Editura Mega
2015
|
| Series: | Bibliotheca Musei Porolissensis
20 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 100 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9786065435735 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a In memoriam dr.Alexandru V.Matei (1950-2010) |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text |
CUPRINS
CAPITOLUL I. INTRODUCERE. MOTIVATIE. PRECIZÁRI DE NATURA TEMPORALÁ §1
SPATIALA.!.7
5
CAPITOLUL II. CADRUL GEOGRAFIC.11
CAPITOLUL III. ISTORICUL §1 CARACTERUL SÁPÁTURILOR ARHEOLOGICE
DERULATE IN SITURILE DIN ZONA PORTII MESE§ENE.15
CAPITOLUL IV. PORTA MES ESINA IN PREAJMA ANULUI 1000. INTERPRETAR!
ISTORICE §1 REALITÁTI ARHEOLOGICE.17
a. Reevaluarea vestigiilor arheologice de la Zaláu „Valea Ráchi§nrii/Pálvár”. O posibilá reinterpretare a
raportului dintre cele trei monumente (acezare, cimitir, fortificañe) §i a cronologiei acestora.17
b. Págáni sau crepini in cimitirul de la Zaláu ,yalea Ráchi§orii/Pálvár”?.19
c. Elite p centre locale deputere in Crónica lui Anonymus §i realitátile arheologice din zona Portii Mese§ene.22
d. Cánd au ajuns primii rázboinici maghiari la Poarta Mese§eaná? De la ipoteze la realitáti arheologice.27
e. Un posibil traseu al razboinicilor maghiari catre Poarta Mese§eana sugerat de contextele §i descoperirile
arheologice.28
f. Zyloc-ul lui Anonymus. íncercare de localizare.29
g. For tifie atiile medievale timpurii de pe linia Muntilor Mese§. Rezultatele cercetárilor arheologice.30
CAPITOLUL V. SITURI §1 ARTEFACTE.33
ZALA U„Valea Ráchi§orii/Pálvár”.33
ZALAU„B-dul Mihai Viteazul, nr. 104-106”.59
ZALÁU„Valea Mátii”/Baza TCI.61
ZALAU „Valea Mátii — §coala veche”.63
ZALAU „Plata Agroalimentará Céntrala”.67
ORPELEC ,’Cetate” (ora§ Znláu).74
MOIGRAD „Mágurá” (com. Mirpd).78
AGHIRE§ „Sub pá§une” (com. Mese§enii dejos).80
BIBLIO GRAFIE.87
ABREVIERI BIBLIOGRAFICE.95
PORTA MESESINA AROUND 1000 AD. RESEARCH. SITES. ARTIFACTS (ABSTRACT).97
A MESZES-KAPU 1000 KÓRÜL. KUTATÁSOK. LELÓHELYEK. LELETEK (KIVONAT).99
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2012 AL. MUSIN/M. WOLOSYN, Newly Converted
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ZÂPÂRTAN
5
PORTA MESESINA AROUND nooo AD.
RESEARCH. SITES. ARTIFACTS
The Porta Mesesina/Mese§ Gate is located in the north-western part of Romania, on the
administrative territory of the of Salaj county, at the eastern edge of a micro-region intensely
archaeologically studied, a micro-region named Sylvanian Basin or the CentralSylvanian Basin.
The Porta Mesesina/Mese§ Gate is an accessible valley-pass, relatively short and large. It
connects itself with the Some§ plain and the Transylvanian Basin through two valleys, the
Sarata and Stramturii.
Of course the scientific community but also the public who is not familiarized with the ar-
chaeological research may ask-righteously-why Porta Mesesina and why around 1000 AD? The
answers to these questions are offered on one side by the configuration and the geographic
location of the place, and because of the historical events which occurred in this area in the
time frame mentioned above on the other.
Why Porta Mesesina?
Porta Mesesina./Mese§ Gate always represented an important bridge between diverse cultu-
ral environments, a wide and extremely accessible passage way which connects the Upper
Tisza Valley with Transylvania. Its importance was apprised by man even from Prehistory,
later on the Romans blocking the pass with an important network of fortifications which
were part of the Limes Porolissensis.
Why the year 1000 AD?
The area in discussion is extremely important for the study and understanding of historic
phenomena which took place around 1000 AD. The importance of the Porta Mesesina in Early
Medieval age is revealed by the shire number and variety of vestiges identified here or in its
vicinity.
Regarding the historical facts that took place here around 1000 AD and which implied
directly the Porta Mesesina, the events mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum/The Chronicle of
Anonymous constitute the central element of this present endeavor. Although some scholars
argue the credibility of some aspects of its content, it represents still an important document
regarding the first incursions of the Magyars in Transylvania, but mostly the existence of the
political elites and local power centers.
Porta Mesesina has strong ties with the ducats ruled by Menumomt and Gelou. The Ducat
of Menumorut stretched from the Mures river up to the Tisza and the Porta Mesesina, while
the one of Gelou stretched from the Porta Mesesina from the east, into the interior of the
Carpathic arc, thus making the Porta Mesesina a border of these ducats.
Porta Mesesina is situated on the eastern limit of the Sylvanian Basin, a micro-region in-
tensely archaeological researched. By now, in the Sylvanian Basin were recorded 93 archae-
ological objectives dating through the mid 7th century and the 11th century AD, objectives
dispersed on the territory of 40 current localities.
Out of the 93 archaeological sites, there were 35 of them which were archaeologically re-
searched (rescue excavations, systematic excavations or surveys): 21 of them are dated in the
98
Dan Bâcuet-Cri§an
second part of the 7th century through the first half of the 10th and 14 sited are dated in the
mid 10th century and 11th century.
From the spatial point of view the present catalogue contains all the sites investigated ar-
chaeologically by now- on the line of the Porta Mesesina and close to it, sites found on both
sides of the Meses Mountains. For the temporal point of view we have targeted a time frame
ante z.ndpost 1000 AD, the sites being dated roughly in the 10th-llth centuries. In the current
catalogue we will present an evolution of the history of the research of the area, the characte-
ristics of each and every site followed by the evidencing of some of the found artifacts.
As was already known from the scientific literature, Porta Mesesina/Poarta Mese§eana and
the adjacent areas of it benefited of archaeological excavations which made way for iden-
tifying several objectives datable in the Early Middle Ages.
Although the area in discussion is extremely important for the study and understanding
of historical phenomena which took place around 1000 AD, unfortunately as in other cases
of sites of the area of north-western Romania, the archaeological objectives from here did
not benefit of large and thorough excavations. The scientific data gathered through the older
excavations are now completed with archaeological excavations conducted recently in some
objectives near the Mesesina Gates. Still, we cannot say that we benefit at the present state
of affairs of a satisfactory database.
From the administrative point of view the archaeological sites targeted are part of the
following modern localities: Zalau - 6 sites, Moigrad (com. Mir§id) - 1 site, Aghire§ (com.
Mese§enii de Jos) - 1 site.
These 8 sites can be categorized as following: settlements, burial places and fortifications.
Some sites contain simple archaeological contexts, while others - on the contrary - are more
complicated, for example the site of Zalau „Valea Rdchi§orii/Pdlvar” which has a composition
of a settlement, a cemetery and a fortification.
The archaeological features which compose the objective of this endeavor/catalogue are
the ones from: Zalau „Valea rdchi§orii/Pdlvar”, Zalau „Valea Matii” (Baza TCI), Zalau ,,B-dul
Mihai Viteazul, nr. 104-106”, Zalau „Valea Matii - §coala veche”, Zalau „Piata Agroalimentard
Centrala”, Ortelec „Cetate”, Moigrad „Magura” §i Aghire§ „Sub pa§une”.
THE PRESENTED SITES
NO. NAME TYPE OF SITE DATING
CRT.
1 Zalàu „Valea Râchiprii/Pâlvâr” settlement 10th century
cemetery 10th century
fortification Mid 10th century
/11th century?
2 Zalâu „Valea Mâtii” (Baza TCI) settlement 10th century
-11th century
3 Zalàu ,,B-dul Mihai Viteazul, nr. 104-106” settlement 10th century
-11th century
4 Zalàu „Valea Mâtii --- §coala veche” settlement 10th century
-11th century
5 Zalàu „Piata Agroalimentarâ Centralâ” settlement 11th century
6 Ortelec „Cetate” fortification 11th century
settlement 11th century
cemetery 11th century
7 Moigrad „Mâgurâ” fortification 11th century
8 Aghire§ „Sub pâ§une” settlement 10th century
-11th century
Translated by DAN DEAC
A MESZES-KAPU looo KÖRÜL.
KUTATÄSOK. LELÖHELYEK. LELETEK
A Meszes-kapu, a jelenkori Romania észak-nyugati részein talâlhato, Szilâgy megye
területén, egy olyan sürün kutatott mikro-régio keleti hatârain, amit a Szilâgysâgi Medence
név alatt ismerünk. Ugyancsak ez a régio azaz a Szilâgysâgi Dombvidéki Medence megne-
vezés alatt is ismeretes.
Fôldrajzilag tekintve, maga a kapu egy viszonylag könnyen hozzâférhetô völgykatlan, ami
kapcsolatât a Szoros völgyön keresztül (Valea Sârata és Valea Strâmturii).
Természetesen, a tudomânyos kôzôsség és az a kôztudat, amely nem ismeri az itt folyta-
tott régészeti kutatâsok eredményét, jogosan teszi fel a kérdést, hogy miért Porta Mezesina
illetve miért 1000 körül? Vâlaszt ezekre a kérdésekre egyrészt maga a hely fôldrajzi konfigu-
râcioja kinâl, mâsrészt pedig azok a tôrténelmi események, amelyek valoszinü lefolytak ezen
a területen, az emlitett idôrendi szakasz alatt.
Miért Porta Mesesina?
A Porta M^eiina/Meszes-kapu mindig is fontos hidat jelentett különbözö kulturâlis köze-
gek között, attôl a pont toi kiindulva, hogy egy széles és kivâloan hasznâlhato âtkelést jelen-
tett a Felsô-Tisza és Erdély között. Jelentoségét mâr az öskortöl ismerték, olyannyira, hogy
a késôbbiekben, a Romai Birodalom, ezt az âtkelohelyet egy komplex erôditési rendszerrel
zârta le, létrehozva igy, a jöl ismert Limes Porolissensis-t.
Miért 1000 körül?
A tanulmânyozott ôvezet rendkivüli fontossâggal bir azon tôrténelmi események
megértésében, amelyek 1000 körül illetve ez utân mentek végbe. A Meszes-kapu fontossâgât
bizonyitjâk azon leletek, amelyet fényre hoztak, de nem csak itt, hanem a kapu kôrnyékén is.
Ami az itt, 1000 körül lezajlott tôrténelmi eseményeket illeti, egyetlen informâcioforrâst
tekintünk jelen tanulmânyunk mozgato tengelyének, a névtelen jegyzö müvét, a Gesta
Hungarorum-ot. Annak ellenére, hogy bizonyos kôzegek hiteltelennek tartjâk e forrâst,
szâmunkra mégis e mü jelenti az egyik legfontosabb kûtfôt a magyarok elsö, Erdély területére
valo bevonulâsânak tekintetében, viszont ami a legfontosabb, hogy adatokat nyüjt az itt élô
politikai elitrôl, illetve helyi hatalmi kôzpontjaikrol.
A Meszes-kapu közvetlen kapcsolatban âll azokkal a hercegségekkel, amelyeket Menumorout
és Gelou vezetnek. Menumorout hercegsége a Marostol a Tiszâig, illetve a Meszes-kapuig ter-
jedt, Gelou viszont a Meszes-kaputol keletre, a Kârpât -medence belsejéig tarto területet
birta, tehât, a kapu, a két hercegség hatârân feküdt.
Jelen pillanatig a Szilâgysâgi Medence területén 93 olyan régészeti lelôhelyet sikerült azo-
nositani (amely 40 település területén van), amit a VII. szâzad mâsodik fele, illetve a XI.
szâzad közötti esö idôszakra lehet datâlni.
A 93 azonositott lelôhelybôl, 35-ben folytattunk régészeti kutatâst (elozetes vagy lelet-
mentés): ebbôl 21-et a VII. szâzad mâsodik feie - X. szâzad elsô fele kôzé sorolhatunk, 14
pedig a X. szâzad mâsodik felére, illetve a XI. szâzadra datâlhatok.
100 Dan Bäcuet-Cri§an
Ami a térbeliséget illeti, jelen katalógus tartalmazza azokat a leleteket, amelyek régészeti
kutatás során kerültek eló, a Meszes-kapuból, illetve a Meszes hegy keleti és nyugati lábainál
esö területekról. Az idóintervallum, amit tanulmány alá vetettünk az ante és post 1000, azaz
elemzésünk teljesen fedi a X.-XI. századokat. A katalógusban bemutatjuk a régió ku-
tatásának fejlódését, a lelóhelyek jellemzóit, kiemelve a legfontosabb felszínre hozott lele-
teket is.
Mint az ismeretes az irodalomból, a Meszes-kapu és kórnyékének kutatása nagyszámú
kózépkori lelohelyet azonosított, viszont messze van még attól a helyzettól - amitól na-
gyon sok lelohely a zónában-, hogy el lehessen mondani, teljes kutatások voltak végezve.
A tudományos adatokat, amelyeket régi ásatások adtak, új kutatásokkal sikerült bóvíteni,
némelyeket a Meszes-kapu közvetlen kórnyékéról. Ezek ellenére viszont, nem tudjuk elmon-
dani, hogy egy naprakész, szakosított tórténeti-régészeti adatbázissal bírunk.
Kózigazgatási szempontból, a tanulmány alá vetett lelóhelyek, a következö településeken
találhatók: Zilah - 6 lelohely, Mojgrád (Nyirsid kózség) - 1 lelohely, illetve Egrespatak
(Magyarkeczel kózség) - 1 lelohely.
A 8 lelohelyet három típusba sorolhatjuk: település, temetó, eródítmény. Vannak kózóttük
egyszerü kontextusokat tartalmazó lelohely, viszont van olyan is, amely látszólag bonyolult,
mivel tartalmaz temetkezéseket, illetve eródítési munkálatokat, ilyen például a zilahi „Valea
Ráchi§orii/Pálvár” lelohely.
A katalógusba foglalt leletanyagok, a kóvetkezó lelóhelyeken kerültek eló: Zilah „Valea
Ráchi§orii/Pálüár”, Zilah „Valea Mátii” (Baza TCI), Zilah „B-dul Mihai Viteazul, nr. 104-106”,
Zilah „Valea Mátii-§coala aeche”, Zilah „Plata Agroalimentará Centralá”, Vártelek „Cetate”,
Mojgrád „Mägurä” és Egrespatak „Sub pá§une”.
BEMUTATOTT LELÓHELYEK
sz. NÉV TIPUS DATÁLÁS
1 Zilah „Valea Ráchiprii/Pálvár” Telep X. sz.
Temetó X. sz.
Eródítmény X. sz. második fele-XI.
sz.?
2 Zilah „Valea Mátii” (Baza PCI) Telep X.-XI. sz.
3 Zilah ,,B-dul Mihai Viteazul, nr. 104-106” Telep X.-XI. sz.
4 Zilah „Valea Mátii - §coala veche” Telep X.-XI. sz.
5 Zilah „Piafa Agroalimentará Centralá” Telep XI. sz.
6 Vértelek „Cetate” Eródítmény XI. sz.
Telep XI. sz.
Temetó XI. sz.
7 Moigrad „Mágurá" Eródítmény XI. sz.
8 Aghire§ „Sub páfune” Telep X.-XI. sz.
Ezredforduló ZSOLT CSÓK
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Băcueţ-Crişan, Dan 1972- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1098433998 (DE-588)1030113300 |
| author_facet | Băcueţ-Crişan, Dan 1972- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Băcueţ-Crişan, Dan 1972- |
| author_variant | d b c dbc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042971347 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)967676226 (DE-599)BVBBV042971347 |
| era | Geschichte 900-1100 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 900-1100 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Festschrift |
| geographic | Poarta Meseşului (DE-588)1122146760 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Poarta Meseşului |
| id | DE-604.BV042971347 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-03-14T17:03:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786065435735 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028397187 |
| oclc_num | 967676226 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M515 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M515 |
| physical | 100 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Editura Mega |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Bibliotheca Musei Porolissensis |
| series2 | Bibliotheca Musei Porolissensis |
| spelling | Băcueţ-Crişan, Dan 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)1098433998 aut Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek Dan Băcueţ-Crişan In memoriam dr.Alexandru V.Matei (1950-2010) Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül Cluj-Napoca Editura Mega 2015 100 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliotheca Musei Porolissensis 20 Englische Zusammenfassung Ungarische Zusammenfassung Geschichte 900-1100 gnd rswk-swf Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 gnd rswk-swf Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd rswk-swf Poarta Meseşului (DE-588)1122146760 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content Poarta Meseşului (DE-588)1122146760 g Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 s Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 s Geschichte 900-1100 z DE-604 Matei, Alexandru V. 1950-2010 (DE-588)1030113300 hnr Bibliotheca Musei Porolissensis 20 (DE-604)BV014171452 20 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028397187&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028397187&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028397187&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Băcueţ-Crişan, Dan 1972- Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek Bibliotheca Musei Porolissensis Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 gnd Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4166614-8 (DE-588)4100008-0 (DE-588)1122146760 (DE-588)4016928-5 |
| title | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek |
| title_alt | In memoriam dr.Alexandru V.Matei (1950-2010) Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül |
| title_auth | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek |
| title_exact_search | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek |
| title_full | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek Dan Băcueţ-Crişan |
| title_fullStr | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek Dan Băcueţ-Crişan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek Dan Băcueţ-Crişan |
| title_short | Porta Mesesina în preajma anului 1000 |
| title_sort | porta mesesina in preajma anului 1000 cercetari situri artefacte porta mesesina around 1000 ad research sites artifacts a meszes kapu 1000 korul kutatasok lelohelyek leletek |
| title_sub | cercetări, situri, artefacte = Porta Mesesina around 1000 AD : research, sites, artifacts = A Meszes-Kapu 1000 körül : kutatások, lelőhelyek, leletek |
| topic | Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 gnd Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Landnahme Magyaren Poarta Meseşului Festschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028397187&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028397187&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028397187&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV014171452 |
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