Living physical geography:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York
Freeman
2015
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| Ausgabe: | 1. printing |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke 2015 |
| Beschreibung: | getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill., graph. Dart. und Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781464106644 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Living physical geography |c Bruce Gervais |
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| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b Freeman |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a getr. Zählung |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Dart. und Kt. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175267427516416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Living physical geography
Autor: Gervais, Bruce
Jahr: 2015
ifl.y CONTENTS
Contents
PART I
ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS;
Preface xvi Weather and Climate
The Geographer s Toolkit 2
GT.1 Welcome to Physical Geography! 4
What Is Physical Geography? 4
Scales of Inquiry 5
• Spatial Scale: Perspective in Space 6
• Temporal Scale: Time as a Perspective 7
About the Metric System 7
GT.2 The Physical Earth 8
Matter and Energy 8
Earth s Shape 8
• Rotation 10 • Relief and Gravitation 10
Earth Systems 10
• The Atmosphere 10 • The Biosphere 11
• The Lithosphère 11 • The Hydrosphere 11
The Structure of Living Physical Geography 11
• Part I: Atmospheric Systems: Weather and Climate 12
• Part II: The Biosphere and the Geography of Life 13
• Part III: Tectonic Systems: Building the Lithosphère 13
• Part IV: Erosion and Deposition: Sculpting Earth s Surface 14
GT.3 Mapping Earth 15
The Geographic Grid 16
• Latitude 16 • Longitude 16 • Using the Geographic Grid 18
Maps 19
Map Scale: How Far Is It? 20
• Types of Map Scales 20 • Lines on the Map: Contour Lines 22
GT.4 Imaging Earth 23
Satellite Imagery 23
Radar and Sonar 25
Geographic Information Systems 26
GT.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The Scientific Method and
Easter Island 27
Easter Island: The Scientific Method Applied 27
• 1. Observation: Stone Statues 27 • 2. Question: How Were
the Statues Moved across the Island? 28 • 3. Collect Data:
Pollen 28 • 4. Hypothesis: Log Rollers 28 • 5. Test the
Hypothesis: Log Rollers Do Work 28 • 6. Further Inquiry:
Collapse of Society 29
How Is a Hypothesis Different from a Theory? 29
THE GEOGRAPHER S TOOLKIT Study Guide 30
CHAPTER 1
Portrait of the Atmosphere 34
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Wyoming s Air Pollution Problem 36
1.1 Composition of the Atmosphere 37
Gases in the Atmosphere 37
Gas Sources and Sinks 37
Aerosols in the Atmosphere 38
1.2 The Weight of Air:
Atmospheric Pressure 38
Air Pressure 38
Air Density and Pressure 39
Measuring Air Pressure 39
1.3 The Layered Atmosphere 40
Layers Based on Temperature 40
The Weather Layer: The Troposphere 41
A Protective Shield: The Stratosphere 43
The Mesosphere and Thermosphère 44
The Ionosphere: Nature s Light Show 44
1.4 Air Pollution 45
Primary Pollutants 45
• Carbon Monoxide 45 • Sulfur Dioxide 46
• Nitrogen Dioxide 46 • Volatile Organic Compounds 47
Secondary Pollutants 47
Particulate Matter 47
Factors That Affect Air Pollutant Concentrations 48
The Clean Air Act 48
1.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Refrigerators and Life
on Earth 50
A Landmark Paper and an International Protocol 51
Effects of a Thinning Ozonosphère 52
• Human Health 52 • Plants 53
A Crisis Averted 53
CHAPTER 1 Exploring with Google Earth 54
CHAPTER 1 Study Guide 55
§
CONTENTS VdiL/
¡CHAPTER 2
Seasons and Solar Energy 58
THE HUMAN SPHERE: People and the Seasons 60
2.1 The Four Seasons 61
What Causes Seasons? 61
Migration of the Subsolar Point 62
How Does Earth s Tilt Affect Day Length? 64
• Day Length on an Equinox 64 • Day Length on the December
Solstice 64 • Day Length on the June Solstice 65
2.2 Temperature and Heat 66
What Is Temperature? 66
What Is Heat? 67
How Heat Moves 67
2.3 Surface Temperature Patterns 68
Average Annual Temperature Patterns 68
• Elevation: Colder in the Mountains 69 • Latitude: Colder near
the Poles 69
Patterns of Seasonality 69
• What Causes the Continental Effect? 70 • Ocean Currents and
Seasonality 73 • Prevailing Wind and Seasonality 73
2.4 The Sun s Radiant Energy 75
Photons and Wavelengths 75
Earth s Important Wavelengths: Ultraviolet, Visible,
and Infrared 76
• Ultraviolet Radiation 76 • Visible Radiation: Light 76
• Infrared Radiation 77
2.5 Earth s Energy Budget 77
The Great Balancing Act 81
The Global Heat Engine 83
2.6 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The Rising Solar
Economy 84
The Goal: 15 Terawatts 84
The Decentralized Approach 85
The Centralized Approach 85
CHAPTER 2 Exploring with Google Earth 87
CHAPTER 2 Study Guide 88
CHAPTER 3
Water in the Atmosphere 92
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Evaporation and the Great Lakes 94
3.1 The Hydrologie Cycle and Water 95
States of Water: Solid, Liquid, and Gas 95
The Hydrologie Cycle: Water on the Move 96
Properties of Water 96
Latent Heat of Water: Portable Solar Energy 97
3.2 Atmospheric Humidity 99
The Heat-Index Temperature 99
The Many Names for Humidity 100
• Vapor Pressure 100 • Specific Humidity 100
• Relative Humidity 100 • The Dew Point 102
3.3 Lifting Air: Atmospheric Stability 103
Rising Air is Cooling Air:
The Adiabatic Process 104
Forming Clouds: The Lifting
Condensation Level 105
Three Scenarios for Atmospheric Stability 106
Four Ways to Lift Air and Form Clouds 107
• Convective Uplift 107 • Orographic Uplift 107
• Frontal Uplift 107 • Convergent Uplift 108
3.4 Cloud Types 108
Cloud Classification 108
• Fog 111
3.5 Precipitation: What Goes Up ... Ill
Making Rain: Collision and Coalescence 111
Making Snow: The Ice-Crystal Process 111
Four Types of Precipitation 113
Hail Formation 113
3.6 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Clouds and Climate 116
Clouds and Temperature 116
Cloud Feedbacks 117
• Stratus Clouds 117 • Cirrus Clouds 118
CHARTER 3 Exploring with Google Earth 119
CHAPTER 3 Study Guide 120
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4
Atmospheric Circulation
and Wind Systems 124
THE HUMAN SPHERE: China s Dust Storms 126
4.1 Measuring and Mapping the Wind 127
Measuring the Wind 127
Mapping the Wind 129
4.2 Air Pressure and Wind 129
Thermal Pressure 129
Dynamic Pressure 130
Wind Speed and Direction 130
• Pressure-Gradient Force 130 • Visualizing the Pressure
Gradient: Isobars 131 • Coriolis Force 132 • Friction Force 133
Cyclones and Anticyclones 133
4.3 Global Atmospheric Circulation Patterns 134
Global Pressure Systems 134
Global Surface Wind Patterns 136
Upper-Level Winds 137
Seasonal Shifts of Global Pressure 139
The Influence of Landmasses 139
4.4 Wind Systems: Sea Breezes to Gravity Winds 142
Sea and Land Breezes 142
The Asian Monsoon 142
Valley and Mountain Breezes 146
Chinook and Foehn Winds 146
Santa Ana Winds 147
Katabatic Winds 148
4.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Farming the Wind 148
Converting the Wind to Electricity 148
The Geography of Wind 150
Storing Wind Power 150
• Hydrogen Storage 151 • Underground and
Reservoir Storage 151
Environmental Impacts of Wind Power 151
• Birds and Bats 151 • Wumps and NIMBYs 152
The Energy Mix 152
CHAPTER 4 Exploring with Google Earth 153
CHAPTER 5
THE RESTLESS SKY:
Storm Systems and El Niño 158
THE HUMAN SPHERE: The EF5 Tornado 160
5.1 Thunderstorms 161
Single-Cell Thunderstorms 163
Multiceli Thunderstorms 163
Supercell Thunderstorms 164
5.2 Thunderstorm Hazards: Lightning and
Tornadoes 165
Lightning 165
• What Causes Lightning? 165 • Staying Safe in Lightning 166
Tornado! 166
• Tornado Geography 168 • Warning the Public,
Saving Lives 169
5.3 Nature s Deadliest Storms: Hurricanes 169
What Is a Hurricane? 169
Why Are Hurricane Winds So Fast? 171
Stages of Hurricane Development 172
Hurricane Geography 174
Why Are Hurricanes Dangerous? 174
5.4 Midfatitude Cyclones 177
Anatomy of a Midlatitude Cyclone 177
Effects of Midlatitude Cyclones on Weather 177
Life Cycle of a Midlatitude Cyclone 177
5.5 El Niño s Wide Reach 180
El Niño s Global Influence 180
El Niño Development 180
5.6 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Are Atlantic Hurricanes
a Growing Threat? 183
Hurricane Activity 183
Climate Change and Hurricanes 184
CHAPTER 5 Exploring with Google Earth 185
CHAPTER 5 Study Guide 186
CHAPTER 4 Study Guide 155
CONTENTS
PART II
THE BIOSPHERE AND
THE GEOGRAPHY OF LIFE
CHAPTER 6
The Changing Climate 190
THE HUMAN SPHERE: The Greenland Norse 192
6.1 The Climate System 193
Climate Change 194
Climate Forcing and Feedbacks 195
6.2 Trends, Cycles, and Anomalies 196
Climate Trends: A Long, Slow Cooling 196
Climate Cycles: A Climate Roller Coaster 196
• Glacial and Interglacial Periods 196
• Milankovitch Cycles 197
Climate Anomalies: Random Events 198
• Changes in the Sun s Output 199 • Volcanic Eruptions 199
• Changes in the Ocean Conveyor Belt 199
Reading the Past: Paleoclimatology 200
6.3 Carbon and Climate 202
The Long-Term Carbon Cycle 202
• The Role of Weathering and Erosion 202 • The Role of
Photosynthesis 202
The Short-Term Carbon Cycle 203
Human Modification of the Carbon Cycle 203
6.4 Climate at the Crossroads 204
The Warming Atmosphere 205
Comparing Today with the Last 800,000 Years 206
Is the Warming Trend Natural? 207
A Strange New World 209
• Positive Changes 209 • Shifting Physical Systems 209
Computers and Climate Projections 213
6.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Stabilizing Climate 214
Twenty-Five Billion Metric Tons 214
Addressing the Problem 214
• International Response 215 • National Response 215
• Local Response 215 • Individual Response 216
CHAPTER 6 Exploring with Google Earth 217
CHAPTER 6 Study Guide 217
PATTERNS OF LIFE: Biogeography 222
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Exotic Invaders 224
7.1 Biogeographic Patterns 225
Global Patterns of Biodiversity 225
• The Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradient 226 • Biogeographic
Patterns among Islands 227 • Migration 227
Patterns of Biodiversity Resulting from Evolution 228
• Observations That Support the Theory of Evolution 228
• Patterns of Convergence 229 • Patterns of Divergence 230
• Biogeographic Regions 231
7.2 Setting the Boundaries: Limiting Factors 231
Physical Limiting Factors 232
• Light 232 • Temperature 232 • Water 233
Biological Limiting Factors 234
• Prédation 234 • Competition 236 • Mutualism 236
7.3 Moving Around: Dispersal 237
Barriers to Dispersal 237
Colonization and Invasion 238
7.4 Starting Anew: Ecological Disturbance and
Succession 239
Ecological Disturbance 239
Ecological Succession: The Return of Life 240
7.5 Three Ways to Organize the Biosphere 241
The Trophic Hierarchy 241
The Taxonomic Hierarchy 243
• How Scientific Names Work 243 • Common Names and
Scientific Names 244
The Spatial Hierarchy 244
7.6 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Journey of the
Coconut 247
Coconut Dispersal 247
Human Migration and Coconut Dispersal 248
Artificial Selection 248
CHAPTER 7 Exploring with Google Earth 250
CHAPTER 7 Study Guide 250
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CLIMATE AND LIFE: Biomes 254
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Terraforming Earth 256
8.1 Climates and Biomes 257
8.2 Low-Latitude Biomes 259
Tropical Rainforest 259
• Human Footprint 262
Tropical Seasonal Forest 264
• Human Footprint 264
Tropical Savanna 264
8.3 Midlatitude and High-Latitude Biomes 268
Temperate Grassland 268
• Human Footprint 270
The Mediterranean Biome 270
• Human Footprint 271
Temperate Deciduous Forest 271
• Human Footprint 274
Temperate Rainforest 274
• Human Footprint 277
Boreal Forest 277
• Human Footprint 277
8.4 Biomes Found at All Latitudes 277
Montane Forest 277
• Human Footprint 277
Tundra 281
• Human Footprint 282
Desert 283
• Human Footprint 283
8.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The Value of Nature 285
Habitat and Species Loss 286
The Value of Natural Biomes 286
Soil and Water Resources 294
THE HUMAN SPHERE: The Collapse of the Maya 296
297
CHAPTER 8 Exploring with Google Earth 288
CHAPTER 8 Study Guide 290
9.1 The Living Veneer: Soils
Soil Characteristics 297
Soil Formation Factors 299
• Climate 299 • Parent Material 299 • Organisms 299
• Topography and Moisture 300 • Time 301
Soil Erosion 301
Naming Soils: Soil Taxonomy 303
The Importance of Soils to People 305
• Medicines 305 • Mitigation of Climate Change 305
• Water Purification 305
9.2 The Hidden Hydrosphere: Groundwater 306
Surface Water and Drought 306
What Flows Below: Groundwater 306
Porosity and Permeability 307
Groundwater in Aquifers 307
• Groundwater Movement 308 * The Height of the Water
Table 308 • Hydraulic Pressure and the Potentiometrie
Surface 309
9.3 Problems Associated with Groundwater 312
Too Much Too Fast: Groundwater Overdraft and Mining 312
• Groundwater Overdraft 312 • Groundwater Mining 313
Groundwater Pollution 314
9.4 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Water Resources under
Pressure 318
Water Footprints 318
The Global Reach of Virtual Water 319
The Future of Water 319
CHAPTER 9 Exploring with Google Earth 321
CHAPTER 9 Study Guide 322
• -i
CONTENTS jy
PART III
TECTONIC SYSTEMS:
Building the Lithosphère
CHAPTER 10
THE LIVING HYDROSPHERE:
Ocean Ecosystems 326
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Coastal Dead Zones 328
10.1 The Physical Oceans 329
The Five Oceans 329
Layers of the Ocean 330
Water Pressure 332
Seawater Chemistry 332
• Salinity 332 • Ocean Acidity 333
Surface Ocean Currents 334
Seafloor Topography 334
10.2 Life on the Continental Margins 335
Coral Reefs 335
• Threats to Coral Reefs 336 • The Value of Coral Reefs 338
Mangrove Forests 339
Seagrass Meadows 340
Estuaries 341
Kelp Forests 342
Beaches and Rocky Shores 343
10.3 Life in Polar Waters 344
The Importance of Phytoplankton 344
Phytoplankton in Polar Waters 345
10.4 Life in Open Waters 345
Layers of Light: Daily Vertical Migrations 346
Trans-Ocean Migrations 346
Life in the Deep 346
Biological Islands: Seamounts and Hydrothermal Vents 347
Reaping the Bounty: Industrial Fishing 349
10.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The Problem with Plastic 351
What Happens to Plastic in the Oceans? 351
How Does Plastic in the Oceans Pose a Problem? 353
Fixing the Problem 353
CHAPTER 10 Exploring with Google Earth 355
CHAPTER 10 Study Guide 356
CHAPTER 11
Earth History, Earth Interior 362
THE HUMAN SPHERE: The Anthropocene 364
11.1 Earth Formation 365
Formation of Stars and Planets 365
Formation of the Atmosphere and Oceans 366
11.2 Deep History: Geologic Time 368
The Principle of Uniformitarianism 368
How Do Scientists Date Earth Materials? 368
11.3 Anatomy of a Planet: Earth s Internal
Structure 371
How Do Scientists Know What Is Inside Earth? 371
Earth s Interior Layers 372
• The Core 373 • The Mantle 374 • The Lithosphère 375
Plates of the Lithosphère 376
11.4 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Earth s Heat and the
Biosphere 377
Lessons from Mars 377
The Outer Core and Life 377
Tectonism, Oceans, and Climate 379
CHAPTER 11 Exploring with Google Earth 380
CHAPTER 11 Study Guide 381
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 12
DRIFTING CONTINENTS:
Plate Tectonics 384
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Life on Earth s Shifting Crust 386
12.1 Continental Drift: Wegener s Theory 387
12.2 Plate Tectonics: An Ocean of Evidence 389
Plate Tectonics: The Current Model 391
How Do We Know Where the Plate Boundaries Are? 392
How Do the Plates Move? 392
How Fast Do the Plates Move? 393
Why Is the Theory of Plate Tectonics Important? 393
12.3 Plate Boundary Landforms 393
Divergent Plate Boundaries 394
• Mid-Ocean Ridges 394 • Rifting 394
Convergent Plate Boundaries 396
• Subduction 396 • Types of Subduction 397
• Collision 398 • Accreted Terranes 398
Transform Plate Boundaries 400
Active and Passive Continental Margins 402
12.4 Hot Spots, Folding and Faulting, and
Mountain Building 402
Hot Spots 402
Bending and Breaking: Folding and Faulting 404
• Folded Landforms 406 • Block Landforms 406
Orogenesis: Tectonic Settings of Mountains 407
12.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The Tibetan Plateau,
Climate, and People 409
Technically Driven Climate Change 409
Anthropogenic Climate Change 410
Glaciers and Food Security 410
CHAPTER 12 Exploring with Google Earth 411
CHAPTER 12 Study Guide 412
CHAPTER 13
Building the Crust with Rocks 416
THE HUMAN SPHERE: People and Rocks 418
13.1 Minerals and Rocks: Building Earth s
Crust 419
Mineral Classes in Rocks 419
Rocks 420
The Geography of Outcrops 421
The Rock Cycle 421
13.2 Cooling the Inferno: Igneous Rocks 422
How Do Rocks Melt? 422
Igneous Rock Formations 423
Igneous Rock Categories 425
13.3 Layers of Time: Sedimentary Rocks 425
Sedimentary Rock Categories 426
The Three Most Common Sedimentary Rocks 427
Economically Significant Sedimentary Rocks 428
• Buried Sunshine: Coal 428 • Petroleum 428
• Evaporites 430
Windows to the Past: Fossils 431
13.4 Pressure and Heat: Metamorphic Rocks 432
Tectonic Settings of Metamorphism 432
Metamorphic Rock Categories 432
13.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Fracking for Shale
Gas 434
How Fracking Works 434
Fracking Fluid 435
Drinking Water 436
Air Pollution and Climate Change 436
Summing Up: The Pros and Cons 436
CHAPTER 13 Exploring with Google Earth 438
CHAPTER 13 Study Guide 439
CONTENTS V»/
PART IV
EROSION AND DEPOSITION;
Sculpting Earth s Surface
CHAPTER 14
GEOHAZARDS: Volcanoes
and Earthquakes 442
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Deadly Ocean Waves 444
14.1 About Volcanoes 445
Three Types of Volcanoes 445
What Do Volcanoes Make? 446
• Molten Rock: Lava 447 • Blown into the Air: Pyroclasts and
Gases 448 • After the Lava Cools: Volcanic Landforms 451
14.2 Pele s Power: Volcanic Hazards 452
Two Kinds of Eruptions: Effusive and Explosive 452
Ranking Volcanic Eruption Strength 453
The Two Greatest Threats: Lahars and Pyroclastic Flows 453
• Torrents of Mud: Lahars 453 • Blazing Clouds: Pyroclastic
Flows 454
Can Scientists Predict Volcanic Eruptions? 456
The Pacific Ring of Fire 457
14.3 Tectonic Hazards: Faults and
Earthquakes 458
Faulting and Earthquakes 458
• Three Types of Faults 459 • How Do Faults Generate
Earthquakes? 460 • What Are Foreshocks and
Aftershocks? 460
Geographic Patterns of Earthquakes 460
CHAPTER 15
Weathering and
Mass Movement 478
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Weathering Mount Rushmore 480
15.1 Weathering Rocks 481
Physical Weathering 481
Chemical Weathering 482
Differential Weathering 483
15.2 Dissolving Rocks: Karst Landforms 485
Karst Processes 485
A Riddled Surface: Karst Topography 486
A Hidden World: Subterranean Karst 490
15.3 Unstable Ground:
Mass Movement 491
Why Mass Movement Occurs 491
Types of Mass Movements 492
•Soil Creep 493 • Slumps 494 • Flows and Landslides 494
• Avalanches 496 • Rockfall 499
15.4 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Deadly Mass Movements 500
Causes of Deadly Mass Movements 500
Assessing the Risk 501
CHAPTER 15 Exploring with Google Earth 503
14.4 Unstable Crust: Seismic Waves 461 chapter 15 study Guide 504
Detecting Earthquakes 461
Ranking of Earthquake Strength 462
• Earthquake Intensity 462 • Earthquake Magnitude 464
• What Do Magnitude Numbers Mean? 464
Living with Earthquakes 465
• Saving Lives 466 • Predicting Earthquakes 466
14.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The World s Deadliest
Volcano 468
The Waking Giant 468
Tambora s Wide Reach 469
• The Year without a Summer 469 • Crop Failure 469
• Typhus Outbreak 470 • Indian Monsoon 470
CHAPTER 14 Exploring with Google Earth 471
CHAPTER 14 Study Guide 473
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 16
FLOWING WATER:
Fluvial Systems 508
THE HUMAN SPHERE: People and Floodplains 510
16.1 Stream Patterns 511
Drainage Basins 511
Stream Order and Stream Permanence 514
• Stream Permanence 514 • Anthropogenic Intermittent
Streams 515
16.2 Downcutting by Streams: Fluvial Erosion 516
The Volume of Water: Stream Discharge 517
The Work of Water: Stream Load 519
Stream Grading and Stream Gradient 520
Carving Valleys and Canyons 521
Points of Resistance: Knickpoints 523
Lifting Streams: Stream Rejuvenation 523
• Antecedent and Superimposed Streams 525
• Stream Piracy 525
16.3 Building by Streams: Fluvial Deposition 526
Dropping the Load: Stream Sorting 526
Places of Deposition 526
Stream Meanders and Floodplains 528
The End of the Line: Base Level 530
16.4 Rising Waters: Stream Flooding 532
Flash Floods 532
Seasonal Floods 533
Controlling the Waters 534
16.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Dam Pros and Cons 534
The Pros of Dams 534
The Cons of Dams 536
Taking the Good with the Bad 537
CHAPTER 16 Exploring with Google Earth 538
CHAPTER 16 Study Guide 540
sasai
THE WORK OF ICE: The Cryosphere
and Glacial Landforms 544
THE HUMAN SPHERE: The Mammoth Hunters 546
17.1 Frozen Ground: Periglacial Environments 547
Permafrost 547
Periglacial Features 549
17.2 About Glaciers 550
What Is a Glacier? 551
Flowing Ice 552
Inputs and Outputs: Glacier Mass Balance 553
Two Types of Glaciers 556
Icebergs 556
17.3 Carving by Ice: Glacial Erosion 557
Grinding Rocks: Plucking and Abrasion 558
Transporting Rocks: Ice and Glacial Streams 559
Erosional Landforms 560
• Cirques and Tarns 560 • Arêtes, Cols, and Horns 561
• Glacial Valleys and Paternoster Lakes 561 • Drowned Glacial
Valleys: Fjords 563 • Climate and Glacial Landforms 563
17.4 Building by Ice: Glacial Deposits 564
Deposits by Alpine Glaciers 564
Deposits by Ice Sheets 564
Glacial Dust: Loess 568
17.5 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Polar Ice Sheets and Sea
Level 568
The Greenland Ice Sheet Is Changing 568
Recent Changes in Antarctica 570
How Much Will Sea Level Rise? 571
CHAPTER 17 Exploring with Google Earth 572
CHAPTER 17 Study Guide 574
CHAPTER 18
WATER, WIND, AND TIME:
Desert Landforms 578
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Flooding in the World s Driest Place 580
IS.t Desert Landforms and Processes 581
Weathering in the Desert 583
Sculpting with Wind: Aeolian Processes 583
• Sand Dunes 586 • Singing Sand 586
• Desertification and Stabilizing Dunes 587
Sculpting with Water: Fluvial Processes 588
• Fluvial Erosion 588 • Fluvial Deposition 589
18.2 Desert Landscapes 589
Regs: Stony Plains 589
Ergs: Sand Seas 590
Mesa-and-Butte Terrain 591
Inselbergs: Island Mountains 593
Basin-and-Range Topography 595
Badlands 596
18.3 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES Shrinking Desert
Lakes 596
Asia s Aral Sea 596
The Loss of Owens Lake 596
Saving Mono Lake 599
CHAPTER 18 Exploring with Google Earth 600
CHAPTER 18 Study Guide 602
CHAPTER 19
THE WORK OF WAVES:
Coastal Landforms 606
THE HUMAN SPHERE: Mavericks 608
19.1 Coastal Processes: Tides, Waves, and
Longshore Currents 609
Tidal Rhythms 609
Coastal Waves 610
Coastal Currents 613
19.2 Coastal Landforms: Beaches and Rocky
Coasts 614
Beaches 616
• Beach Landforms 616 • Human Modification of Beaches 620
Rocky Coasts 622
19.3 GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES The Sisyphus Stone of
Beach Nourishment 625
CHAPTER 19 Exploring with Google Earth 627
CHAPTER 19 Study Guide 628
Appendices A-1
Glossary G-1
Further Readings FR-1
Indices
1-1
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gervais, Bruce |
| author_GND | (DE-588)107555201X |
| author_facet | Gervais, Bruce |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Gervais, Bruce |
| author_variant | b g bg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042952029 |
| classification_rvk | RB 10180 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)926226888 (DE-599)HBZHT018710514 |
| dewey-full | 910.02 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 910 - Geography and travel |
| dewey-raw | 910.02 |
| dewey-search | 910.02 |
| dewey-sort | 3910.02 |
| dewey-tens | 910 - Geography and travel |
| discipline | Geographie |
| edition | 1. printing |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV042952029 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:13:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781464106644 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028378130 |
| oclc_num | 926226888 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill., graph. Dart. und Kt. |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Freeman |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Gervais, Bruce Verfasser (DE-588)107555201X aut Living physical geography Bruce Gervais 1. printing New York Freeman 2015 getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill., graph. Dart. und Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke 2015 Physical geography Human ecology Physische Geografie (DE-588)4174629-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Physische Geografie (DE-588)4174629-6 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028378130&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gervais, Bruce Living physical geography Physical geography Human ecology Physische Geografie (DE-588)4174629-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4174629-6 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Living physical geography |
| title_auth | Living physical geography |
| title_exact_search | Living physical geography |
| title_full | Living physical geography Bruce Gervais |
| title_fullStr | Living physical geography Bruce Gervais |
| title_full_unstemmed | Living physical geography Bruce Gervais |
| title_short | Living physical geography |
| title_sort | living physical geography |
| topic | Physical geography Human ecology Physische Geografie (DE-588)4174629-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Physical geography Human ecology Physische Geografie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028378130&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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