Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci: 1945 - 1989
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
2015
|
| Series: | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
105 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Bibliografia S. 383 - [401]. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 414 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788376298061 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | SUMMARY
The origin of the issues discussed in this book is a belief that, in the case of Westerplatte, which
constitutes one of the most important elements of the Polish historical identity, we are dealing with
a phenomenon which goes much beyond the traditionally understood object of historical research.
The analysis of the military aspects of the defence of the peninsula in September 1939 led the author
to the conclusion that the defence of the Military Transit Depot did not have a significant impact
on the course of the September Campaign. In that case, why did Westerplatte become a symbol
of September 1939 and a component of the historical canon of Poles? What were the reasons for
that? What mechanisms were in operation? Looking further: who influenced the functioning of
knowledge on the defence of the Depot and for what purpose? What were the underlying principles
for the process of the accrual of new senses and significances around Westerplatte? What did the
memory of Westerplatte become in the years following its functioning?
To take up a position in relation to the set of questions identified in that way, it was necessary
to redefine the object of interest and direct research in a completely new direction. It meant look-
ing for references of the phenomenon of Westerplatte as it relates to the issue of social memory
and undertaking research in the so-called second degree history.
The fundamental purpose of the work was to take up a position in relation to a set of questions
concerning the origin and functioning of the Westerplatte site of memory in the years 1945-1989.
The point was to examine the significances and senses assigned to that event ex post, forming in
the complicated longue durée process.
In the course of research, a directive was formed to analyse one after another the media that
were of fundamental importance for the object of the study, which were presented in the thesis as
separate, but interrelated cultural fields, forming together “a map of the site of memory”
In the chapter entitled Sources of lieu de mémoire (forming the site of memory until 1945) the
author identified triple sources of the lieu de mémoire, which form “a river of memory5’, perceiv-
able in a longer period of time. Those sources are:
- the romantic and heroic Polish Westerplatte, which came into existence as early as on
1 September 1939, formed by the activities of the authorities of the Second Polish Republic,
which created it as a symbol of resistance for soldiers fighting on all fronts, and, in the context of
international politics ֊ as a proof of the steadfast will to remain on disputable territory and a kind
of call to the Allies to fulfill their obligations. The example of Westerplatte was popularised by
the Polish media: press and radio;
- the German visualization of the site of memory in the form of a film with the battleship
Schleswig-Holstein firing shots (treated as the symbolic recapturing of Gdańsk, but, in time, pri-
marily as the symbolic beginning of World War II on 1 September 1939 at 4:45 a.m.) and in the
form of pictures taken by a propaganda team (photographs showing the surrender, underlining
German courtesy towards Polish soldiers and their commander);
- the Soviet Westerplatte Project, introducing the site of memory from 1943 into the Com-
munist historical canon, which meant assigning it with a Marxist provenance. The project was
377
brought to Poland together with Red Army troops as a concept of communists in the USSR, who
assumed that Depot defenders fell in 1939, and their memorable example can be used to improve
the morale of Poles joining people’s military units and to authenticate the origin of the new power
on nationalistic grounds. From the beginning, the Soviet project also acted against the source
described here as the first one, in particular ignoring and lying about the September circumstances
and metaphors and creating a new communist symbolism for the site of memory. Its creators were
well aware of the fact that its “own” Westerplatte had to be introduced gradually, in a long-term
process, through various media of historical remembrance (the press, poetry, pictures, giving
names to military units etc.).
The following part of the book contains an analysis of the most important media of memory
which preceded the deliberations on Westerplatte in historiography and historical publications.
The book also presents the role of literature in the process of forming the site of memory, the
presence of Westerplatte in film and theatre, as well as the specificity of the topographic trans-
formation of the site of memory, i.e. the battlefield of 1939. The chapter Westerplatte defenders
as a memory group contains a description of the community of the former defenders and its
functioning in relation to the memory studies phenomena that can be observed. In the final part,
research outcomes were systematised and the deliberations concerning the site of memory in total
were presented in synthesis.
The author was aware when undertaking the analysis of the site of memory within the most
important media connected with it of the existence of interrelations between the examined spaces
which formed together “the image of simultaneity” and coexisted in the universe of culture. Thus,
creating “a map of the site of memory” became a discovery of its presence and a reaching of the
centres in which the described site existed.
In the course of the research, a fundamental rule was to take into account the materials that
had a decisive impact on the functioning of the site of memory. Due to the interdisciplinary nature
of the research, it became necessary to use many professional works, supplementing the author’s
knowledge in the scope of literature, film, theatre and monument sculpture. The collected mate-
rial has partially been used in other publications, but it has not been used from the point of view
of memory science research.
The empirical research undertaken and the deliberations concerning the specific site of memory
not only made it possible to characterise its multi-dimensional functioning and determine the
mechanisms of its transformations. Out of the three identified sources of the site of memory, two
turned out to be the most important: the romantic-heroic source and the Soviet one. The substance
of the site of memory, crystallised in September 1939, were subject to deliberate decomposition and
destruction in the communist process of transforming the souls of Poles. Thus, the fundamental
conclusion drawn out of the research conducted is that the site of memory existed at the meeting
point of the Polish and Soviet tradition with the reservation that the latter gradually pushed out
the substance and values of the former. One of the final conclusions is also the conviction that,
apart from the current legitimisation and political needs, expressed during ritual celebrations
in September organised by the authorities, the need to cope with the still existing patriotic and
romantic reminiscences of the site of memory was one of the basic reasons for creating more and
more references and presence of the site of memory using various media.
The manner of research based on memory studies, presented in the book, may constitute a pro-
posal of an exemplary methodological approach to other sites of memory and important comparative
material in research on the multi-dimensional issue of the history of the Polish People’s Republic.
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp..................................................................... 7
1. Podstawy teoretyczne i struktura pracy ............................... 12
2. Źródła lieude mémoire (formowanie się miejsca pamięci do 1945 roku) . 29
3. Historiografia i publicystyka historyczna jako nośnik pamięci
o Westerplatte........................................................ 91
4. Literatura w procesie kształtowania się miejsca pamięci po 1945 roku .144
5. Rola filmu i teatru w funkcjonowaniu i przemianach pamięci
o Westerplatte........................................................201
6. Westerplatte jako topograficzne miejsce pamięci ..................... 259
7. Westerplatczycy jako grupa pamięci .................................. 314
Zakończenie..............................................................349
Aneksy
Aneks nr 1. Młodzi o filmowym Westerplatte. Fragmenty wypowiedzi
nadesłanych na konkurs „Sztandaru Młodych” ............................361
Aneks nr 2. Obecność westerplatczyków w szkołach związanych
z miejscem pamięci.....................................................365
Aneks nr 3. Wyrosłem w przekonaniu, że za późno się urodziłem -
wywiad z Arkadiuszem Bazakiem......................................... 372
Summary..................................................................377
Wykaz skrótów............................................................379
Bibliografia ............................................................383
Indeks osób .............................................................403
5
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Zajączkowski, Krzysztof |
| author_facet | Zajączkowski, Krzysztof |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Zajączkowski, Krzysztof |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042758574 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)924811090 (DE-599)BVBBV042758574 |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:08:57Z |
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| language | Polish |
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| spelling | Zajączkowski, Krzysztof Verfasser aut Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 Krzysztof Zajączkowski Warszawa Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 2015 414 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 105 Bibliografia S. 383 - [401]. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1945-1989 gnd rswk-swf Beschießung der Westerplatte (DE-588)4481593-1 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Beschießung der Westerplatte (DE-588)4481593-1 s Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Geschichte 1945-1989 z DE-604 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Monografie 105 (DE-604)BV017143574 105 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028189149&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028189149&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Zajączkowski, Krzysztof Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 Beschießung der Westerplatte (DE-588)4481593-1 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4481593-1 (DE-588)4200793-8 |
| title | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 |
| title_auth | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 |
| title_exact_search | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 |
| title_full | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 Krzysztof Zajączkowski |
| title_fullStr | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 Krzysztof Zajączkowski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci 1945 - 1989 Krzysztof Zajączkowski |
| title_short | Westerplatte jako miejsce pamięci |
| title_sort | westerplatte jako miejsce pamieci 1945 1989 |
| title_sub | 1945 - 1989 |
| topic | Beschießung der Westerplatte (DE-588)4481593-1 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Beschießung der Westerplatte Kollektives Gedächtnis |
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