Introduction to particle cosmology: the standard model of cosmology and its open problems
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | UNITEXT for Physics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 251 S. graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm |
| ISBN: | 3662480778 9783662480779 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROBLEMS IN NEWTONIAN COSMOLOGY 2
1.2 THE STANDARD MODEL OF COSMOLOGY 3
1.2.1 HUBBLE'S LAW 6
1.2.2 BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS 7
1.2.3 COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND 8
1.3 EVIDENCE FOR NEW PHYSICS 9
1.3.1 INFLATION 10
1.3.2 BARYOGENESIS 11
1.3.3 DARK MATTER 12
1.3.4 COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEMS 13
1.4 AGE AND SIZE OF THE UNIVERSE 14
1.5 COSMOLOGICAL MODELS BEYOND GENERAL RELATIVITY 16
REFERENCES 16
2 GENERAL RELATIVITY 17
2.1 SCALARS, VECTORS AND TENSORS 17
2.2 GEODESIC EQUATIONS 20
2.2.1 NEWTONIAN MECHANICS 20
2.2.2 RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS 21
2.3 ENERGY AND MOMENTUM IN FLAT SPACETIME 23
2.4 ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR IN FLAT SPACETIME 24
2.5 CURVED SPACETIME 26
2.6 FIELD THEORY IN FLAT AND CURVED SPACETIMES 27
2.7 EINSTEIN EQUATIONS 29
PROBLEMS 32
REFERENCES 33
VII
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1072845709
VIII CONTENTS
3 THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS 35
3.1 FERMIONS 37
3.1.1 LEPTONS 38
3.1.2 QUARKS 38
3.2 BOSONS 39
3.2.1 GAUGE BOSONS 39
3.2.2 HIGGS PARTICLE 41
3.3 FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS 42
3.4 BEYOND THE MINIMAL STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS 44
3.4.1 SUPERSYMMETRIC MODELS 45
3.4.2 GRAND UNIFICATION THEORIES 46
3.4.3 HEAVY NEUTRINOS 48
3.4.4 PECCEI-QUINN MODEL 49
3.5 PROBABILITIES OF REACTIONS AMONG PARTICLES 49
PROBLEMS 52
REFERENCES 52
4 COSMOLOGICAL MODELS 53
4.1 FRIEDMANN-ROBERTSON-WALKER METRIC 54
4.2 FRIEDMANN EQUATIONS 56
4.3 COSMOLOGICAL MODELS 57
4.3.1 EINSTEIN UNIVERSE 58
4.3.2 MATTER DOMINATED UNIVERSE 58
4.3.3 RADIATION DOMINATED UNIVERSE 60
4.3.4 VACUUM DOMINATED UNIVERSE 61
4.4 BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE FRW METRIC 62
4.5 AGE OF THE UNIVERSE 64
4.6 YLCDM MODEL 65
4.7 DESTINY OF THE UNIVERSE 68
PROBLEMS 70
REFERENCES 70
5 KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS IN COSMOLOGY 71
5.1 INTRODUCTION 71
5.2 THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE 71
5.2.1 GENERAL FEATURES 71
5.2.2 KINETIC EQUATION 76
5.2.3 PLASMA HEATING AND ENTROPY CONSERVATION 80
5.3 FREEZING OF SPECIES 82
5.3.1 DECOUPLING AND GERSHTEIN-ZELDOVICH BOUND 82
5.3.2 FREEZING OF NON-RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES 86
5.4 NEUTRINO SPECTRUM AND EFFECTIVE NUMBER
OF NEUTRINO SPECIES 90
PROBLEMS 92
REFERENCES 92
CONTENTS IX
6 INFLATION 93
6.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 93
6.2 PROBLEMS OF PRE-INFLATIONARY COSMOLOGY 94
6.2.1 KINEMATICS AND MAIN FEATURES OF INFLATION 95
6.2.2 FLATNESS PROBLEM 96
6.2.3 HORIZON PROBLEM 96
6.2.4 ORIGIN OF THE COSMOLOGICAL EXPANSION 98
6.2.5 SMOOTHING DOWN THE UNIVERSE AND CREATION
OF PRIMORDIAL DENSITY PERTURBATIONS 98
6.2.6 MAGNETIC MONOPOLE PROBLEM 99
6.3 MECHANISMS OF INFLATION 101
6.3.1 CANONICAL SCALAR INFLATON WITH POWER
LAW POTENTIAL 101
6.3.2 OTHER MECHANISMS OF INFLATION 103
6.4 UNIVERSE HEATING 105
6.4.1 PERTURBATIVE PRODUCTION 106
6.4.2 NON-PERTURBATIVE PHENOMENA 109
6.4.3 PARAMETRIC RESONANCE 112
6.4.4 PARTICLE PRODUCTION IN A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 115
6.5 GENERATION OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES 117
6.6 GENERATION OF DENSITY PERTURBATIONS 121
REFERENCES 125
7 BARYOGENESIS 127
7.1 OBSERVATIONAL DATA 127
7.2 GENERAL FEATURES OF BARYOGENESIS MODELS 129
7.2.1 SAKHAROV PRINCIPLES 129
7.2.2 CP BREAKING IN COSMOLOGY 131
7.3 MODELS OF BARYOGENESIS 132
7.3.1 BARYOGENESIS BY HEAVY PARTICLE DECAYS 133
7.3.2 ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS 135
7.3.3 BARYO-THROUGH-LEPTOGENESIS 138
7.3.4 EVAPORATION OF PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLES 139
7.3.5 SPONTANEOUS BARYOGENESIS 143
7.3.6 BARYOGENESIS BY CONDENSED SCALAR BARYONS 149
7.4 COSMOLOGICAL ANTIMATTER 151
PROBLEMS 156
REFERENCES 156
8 BIG BANG NUCLESYNTHESIS 161
8.1 LIGHT ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSE 162
8.2 FREEZE-OUT OF WEAK INTERACTIONS 163
8.3 ELECTRON-POSITRON ANNIHILATION 165
8.4 DEUTERIUM BOTTLENECK 166
X CONTENTS
8.5 PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS 168
8.6 BARYON ABUNDANCE 170
8.7 CONSTRAINTS ON NEW PHYSICS 171
PROBLEMS 173
REFERENCES 173
9 DARK MATTER 175
9.1 OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE 176
9.2 DARK MATTER CANDIDATES 178
9.2.1 LIGHTEST SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLE 180
9.2.2 AXION 181
9.2.3 SUPER-HEAVY PARTICLES 181
9.2.4 PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLES 182
9.3 DIRECT SEARCH FOR DARK MATTER PARTICLES 183
9.4 INDIRECT SEARCH FOR DARK MATTER PARTICLES 187
PROBLEMS 188
REFERENCES 188
10 COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND 191
10.1 RECOMBINATION AND DECOUPLING 192
10.2 FORMALISM FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF FLUCTUATIONS 193
10.3 ANISOTROPICS OF THE CMB 198
10.3.1 PRIMARY ANISOTROPICS 198
10.3.2 SECONDARY ANISOTROPICS 200
10.3.3 POLARIZATION ANISOTROPICS 200
10.4 PRIMORDIAL PERTURBATIONS 203
10.5 DETERMINATION OF THE COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 204
PROBLEMS 205
REFERENCES 205
11 DARK ENERGY 207
11.1 COSMOLOGICAL ACCELERATION 207
11.1.1 ASTRONOMICAL DATA 209
11.1.2 ACCELERATION BY A SCALAR FIELD 211
11.1.3 MODIFIED GRAVITY 212
11.2 PROBLEM OF VACUUM ENERGY 213
REFERENCES 215
12 DENSITY PERTURBATIONS 217
12.1 DENSITY PERTURBATIONS IN NEWTONIAN GRAVITY 217
12.2 DENSITY PERTURBATIONS IN GENERAL RELATIVITY 223
12.2.1 METRIC AND CURVATURE 223
12.2.2 ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR 224
12.2.3 CHOICE OF GAUGE 225
CONTENTS XI
12.2.4 EVOLUTION OF PERTURBATIONS IN ASYMPTOTICALLY
FLAT SPACETIME 227
12.2.5 EVOLUTION OF PERTURBATIONS IN COSMOLOGY 228
12.2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 235
12.3 DENSITY PERTURBATIONS IN MODIFIED GRAVITY 236
12.3.1 GENERAL EQUATIONS 236
12.3.2 MODIFIED JEANS INSTABILITY 241
12.3.3 EFFECTS OF TIME DEPENDENT BACKGROUND 243
PROBLEMS 243
REFERENCES 244
APPENDIX A: NATURAL UNITS 245
APPENDIX B: GAUGE THEORIES 247
APPENDIX C: FIELD QUANTIZATION 249 |
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| dewey-ones | 523 - Specific celestial bodies and phenomena |
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| discipline | Physik Geographie |
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| spelling | Bambi, Cosimo 1980- Verfasser (DE-588)1076278701 aut Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems Cosimo Bambi ; Alexandre D. Dolgov Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2016 XI, 251 S. graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier UNITEXT for Physics Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd rswk-swf Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd rswk-swf Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 s Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 s DE-604 Dolgov, Alexandre D. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)1033117641 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-662-48078-6 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=5299112&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028142670&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems |
| title_auth | Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems |
| title_full | Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems Cosimo Bambi ; Alexandre D. Dolgov |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems Cosimo Bambi ; Alexandre D. Dolgov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems Cosimo Bambi ; Alexandre D. Dolgov |
| title_short | Introduction to particle cosmology |
| title_sort | introduction to particle cosmology the standard model of cosmology and its open problems |
| title_sub | the standard model of cosmology and its open problems |
| topic | Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kosmologie Elementarteilchenphysik |
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