Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Slovenian |
| Published: |
Ljubljana
Založba ZRC
2014
|
| Series: | Georitem
23 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Bibliogr.: S. 121 - 134 |
| Physical Description: | 137 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789612546700 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text |
Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin_
GEORITEM 23
GEOGRAFIJA IN RASTLINSKA SUKCESIJA ֊ IZBRANI PRIMERI
IZ SLOVENSKIH POKRAJIN
Matjaž Geršič, Blaž Repe, Matej Blatnik, Valentina Brečko Grubar, Bojana Kovač,
Nejc Pozvek, Ana Seifert
UDK: 911.2:581.52(497.4)
COBISS: 2.01
IZVLEČEK
Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin
Ekološko sukcesijo ali ekološko zaporedje lahko razumemo kot časovno-prostorsko pojasnitev evo-
lucijskega razvoja neke združbe od golih tal do ustaljene, s svojim okoljem uravnotežene združbe.
Celoten proces sukcesije je sestavljen iz posameznih stadijev, ki se v biotopu medsebojno nadomeš-
čajo - zadnji med njimi je ustaljena združba oziroma klimaks. Predstavniki klimaksnih vrst živijo
v medsebojni soodvisnosti v stabilnem okolju, na dolgi rok pa so to vseeno zgolj začasne združbe,
saj so izpostavljene evoluciji in geološkim spremembam.
Neporasla tla najprej kolonizirajo predstavniki pionirskih vrst, ki imajo široko ekološko amplitu-
do in niso preveč občutljivi na podnebne ekstreme, zato lahko uspevajo na mejah naravne razsežnosti
avtohtonih vrst. Njihova vloga je priprava ugodnega rastišča za naslednike. Podobne lastnosti ima-
jo tudi predstavniki invazivnih vrst, ki pa so brez tekmecev, plenilcev, bolezni ali zajedavcev. Zaradi
tega zasedejo rastišče in jih je skorajda nemogoče odstraniti. V veliki meri so prisotni na prodiščih
in v gradbenih jamah, medtem ko jih v gorskih okoljih in na požariščih nismo našli.
Rastiščne razmere okolij, ki jih porastejo pionirske vrste, so izjemno zahtevne. Prsti je malo, raz-
lični naravni in antropogeni procesi (poplave, erozija, padajoče kamenje, dosipavanje peska) so stalna
ali občasna motnja za normalno rast rastlin. Zelo pomembno vlogo pri razrasti imajo mikrolokaci-
ja in njeni elementi: preperelost matične podlage, zavetna lega, nadmorska višina, ekspozicija, naklon,
antropogeni vplivi (pretekla raba zemljišč). Odražajo se tudi v tvorbi različnih oblik rastlinskih for-
macij. Okolica je vir semen in korenin, kar je najbolj opazno na požariščih, kjer se pojavljajo večinoma
identične vrste kot v združbah pred požarom.
Razumevanje koncepta sukcesije je plod približno dvestoletnega razvoja znanosti in opazovanj
na tem področju, ki vendarle pušča številna odprta vprašanja. Med naj zanimivejšimi je čas; govori-
mo lahko o razponu od nekaj let do nekaj tisočletij, pri čemer je sekundarna sukcesija bistveno hitrejša.
Sočasno s (primarno) sukcesijo poteka pedogeneza, vendar precej počasneje. V začetnih stopnjah
sukcesije, ki sledi litofitskim organizmom, je tipična oblika prsti kamnišče. Pri nas se v ekstremnih
razmerah rastlinski klimaks uveljavi na manj razvitih prsteh, v zmernih pa na razvitih in zrelih prsteh.
Tako se lahko v času razvoja prsti zamenja več klimaksnih oblik rastlinstva. Na prodiščih, podor-
nem gradivu, meliščih in celo v gradbenih jamah, kjer poteka primarna sukcesija, so prsti skrajno
plitve, močno skeletne, z neznatnimi količinami organske snovi in drobnih, predvsem glinenih delcev.
Zelo slabo zadržujejo vodo in so nadpovprečno zračne, kar se odraža v pogostih sušnih razmerah.
Tipičen primer sekundarne sukcesije so požarišča, kjer je odstranjen le rastlinski pokrov, sloj prsti
pa je praktično nespremenjen.
KLJUČNE BESEDE
biogeografija, sukcesija, pionirska vrsta, klimaksna združba, invazivna vrsta, pedogeneza, prodišče,
podor, melišče, gradbena jama, požarišče
10
GEORITEM 23
GEORITEM 23
GEOGRAFIJA IN RASTLINSKA SUKCESIJA - IZBRANI PRIMERI
IZ SLOVENSKIH POKRAJIN
Matjaž Geršič, Blaž Repe, Matej Blatnik, Valentina Brečko Grubar, Bojana Kovač,
Nejc Pozvek, Ana Seifert
UDC: 911.2:581.52(497.4)
COBISS: 2.01
ABSTRACT
Geography and plant succession - selected examples from Slovene regions
Ecological succession or ecological sequence can be understood as a temp oral֊ spatial clarification of
the evolutionary development of a community from bare soil to a stable community which is balanced
with its environment. The whole process of succession consists of individual stages which mutually
replace each other in the biotope - the latest being a settled community or climax. Climax species
live in mutual interdependence in a stable environment, while in the long run they are only tempo-
rary communities as they are exposed to the uninterrupted process of evolution and geological changes.
The first to colonize the bare soil are pioneer species which have wide ecological amplitude, are not
too sensitive to climate extremes and can thrive on the very borders of the physical dimensions of native
species. Their purpose is to prepare a favorable habitat for successors. Similar features are also typical
of invasive species which however have no competitors, predators, diseases or parasites. That is why
they occupy the habitat and are virtually impossible to remove. To a large extent they are present in
gravel pits and construction pits, while in mountain areas and in burnt areas they were not found.
Habitat conditions of the environments where pioneer species grow are extremely demanding. Soils
are very poor; various natural and anthropogenic processes permanently or occasionally interfere with
normal plant growth. Microlocation and its elements have a very important role in the growth. Their
role is also noticeable in the development of various types of plant formations. The environment is the
source of seeds and roots; this is most evident on burnt areas which are mostly overgrown by identi-
cal species as in communities before the fire.
Understanding of the concept of succession is the result of about two hundred years of scientific
development and observations on this field where there are still numerous outstanding issues. Among
the most interesting ones is time where we can consider the range from a few years to a few millen-
nia, and we should bear in mind that the secondary succession is considerably faster. Paedogenesis
takes place at the same time as (primary) succession, yet much slower. In early stages of succession,
the typical soils arelithosols. In Slovenia, in extreme conditions the plant climax develops on less devel-
oped soils, while in moderate conditions it develops on developed and mature soils. During the
development of the soil, several climax types of vegetation can be replaced. In gravel pits, on rockfall
material, on screes and even in the construction pits where primary succession takes place, soils are
extremely shallow, highly skeletal, with insignificant amounts of organic matter and fine particles, espe-
cially clay particles. They retain water very poorly and contain above-average amount of air, which
is noticeable especially in arid conditions. Burnt areas are a typical example of secondary succession
where only vegetation cover was removed while the soil layer remained virtually unchanged.
KEYWORDS
biogeography, succession, pioneer specie, climax community, invasive specie, paedogenesis, gravel
pit, rockfall area, scree, construction pit, fire area
11
Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin
Vsebina
Predgovor.13
1 Uvod .15
2 Metodologija.16
3 Sukcesija .17
3.1 Zgodovinski razvoj koncepta sukcesije .17
3.2 Procesi in mehanizmi sukcesije .19
3.3 Vrste sukcesij.20
3.4 Pionirske vrste.24
3.5 Klimaksna združba .25
4 Prsti in sukcesija.26
5 Invazivne vrste .34
6 Izbrani primeri. 37
6.1 Prodišča .37
6.2 Podorno gradivo.52
6.3 Melišča.68
6.4 Gradbene jame .85
6.5 Požarišča.104
7 Sklep.119
8 Odprta vprašanja .121
9 Seznam virov in literature.121
10 Seznam slik.134
11 Seznam preglednic .136
12 |
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| geographic_facet | Slowenien |
| id | DE-604.BV042643633 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-11T20:00:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789612546700 |
| language | Slovenian |
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| physical | 137 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Založba ZRC |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Georitem |
| series2 | Georitem |
| spelling | Geršič, Matjaž 1983- Verfasser (DE-588)1072853701 aut Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin Matjaž Geršič ... Ljubljana Založba ZRC 2014 137 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Georitem 23 Bibliogr.: S. 121 - 134 Vegetationsentwicklung (DE-588)4187459-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 g Vegetationsentwicklung (DE-588)4187459-6 s Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 s DE-604 Georitem 23 (DE-604)BV023319027 23 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028075955&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028075955&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Geršič, Matjaž 1983- Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin Georitem Vegetationsentwicklung (DE-588)4187459-6 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4187459-6 (DE-588)4045561-0 (DE-588)4055302-4 |
| title | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin |
| title_auth | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin |
| title_exact_search | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin |
| title_full | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin Matjaž Geršič ... |
| title_fullStr | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin Matjaž Geršič ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin Matjaž Geršič ... |
| title_short | Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija - izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin |
| title_sort | geografija in rastlinska sukcesija izbrani primeri iz slovenskih pokrajin |
| topic | Vegetationsentwicklung (DE-588)4187459-6 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vegetationsentwicklung Pflanzengeografie Slowenien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028075955&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028075955&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023319027 |
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