Meta-analysis: a structural equation modeling approach
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Chichester, West Sussex
Wiley
2015
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | xx, 378 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781119993438 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV042603904 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20201125 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 150609s2015 |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 2015004846 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781119993438 |9 978-1-119-99343-8 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)912098520 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BSZ431096856 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-473 |a DE-19 |a DE-N32 |a DE-384 |a DE-188 |a DE-945 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a QA278.4 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 001.422 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 001.4/22 | |
| 084 | |a MR 2100 |0 (DE-625)123488: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a QH 240 |0 (DE-625)141556: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Cheung, Mike W.-L. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1072573644 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Meta-analysis |b a structural equation modeling approach |c Mike W.-L. Cheung |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester, West Sussex |b Wiley |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a xx, 378 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Strukturgleichungsmodell |0 (DE-588)4252999-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Metaanalyse |0 (DE-588)4169552-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Metaanalyse |0 (DE-588)4169552-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Strukturgleichungsmodell |0 (DE-588)4252999-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028036917 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804174772431486976 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Meta-Analysis
MIKE W.-L CHEUNG, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Structural equation modeling (SEM) and meta-analysis are two powerful
statistical methods in the educational, social, behavioral, and medical
sciences.They are often treated as two unrelated topics in the literature.This
book presents a unified framework on analyzing meta-analytic data within
the SEM framework, and illustrates how to conduct meta-analysis using the
metaSEM package in the R statistical environment,
Meta-Analysis: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach begins by
introducing the importance of SEM and meta-analysis in answering research
questions. Key ideas in meta-analysis and SEM are briefly reviewed, and
various meta-analytic models are then introduced and linked to the SEM
framework. Fixed-, random-, and mixed-effects models in univariate and
multivariate meta-analyses, three-level meta-analysis, and meta-analytic
structural equation modeling, are introduced. Advanced topics, such as
using restricted maximum likelihood estimation method and handling
missing covariates, are also covered. Readers will learn a single framework
to apply both meta-analysis and SEM, Examples in R and some of the
analyses in Mplus and LISREL are included.
This book will be a valuable resource for statistical and academic
researchers and graduate students carrying out meta-analyses, and will also
be useful to researchers and statisticians using SEM in biostatistics. Basic
knowledge of either SEM or meta-analysis will be helpful in understanding
the materials in this book.
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
List of abbreviations xvii
List of figures xix
List of tables xxi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is meta-analysis? 1
1.2 What is structural equation modeling? 2
1.3 Reasons for writing a book on meta-analysis and structural
equation modeling 3
1.3.1 Benefits to users of structural equation modeling and
meta-analysis 6
1.4 Outline of the following chapters 6
1 .4. 1 Computer examples and data sets used in this book 8
1.5 Concluding remarks and further readings 8
References 9
2 Brief review of structural equation modeling 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Model specification 14
2.2.1 Equations 14
2.2.2 Path diagram 15
2.2.3 Matrix representation 15
2.3 Common structural equation models 18
2.3.1 Path analysis 18
2.3.2 Confirmatory factor analysis 19
2.3.3 Structural equation model 21
2.3.4 Latent growth model 22
2.3.5 Multiple-group analysis 23
CONTENTS
viii
2.4 Estimation methods, test statistics, and goodness-of-fit indices 25
2.4.1 Maximum likelihood estimation 25
2.4.2 Weighted least squares 26
2.4.3 Multiple-group analysis 28
2.4.4 Likelihood ratio test and Wald test 28
2.4.5 Confidence intervals on parameter estimates 29
2.4.6 Test statistics versus goodness-of-fit indices 34
2.5 Extensions on structural equation modeling 38
2.5.1 Phantom variables 38
2.5.2 Definition variables 39
2.5.3 Full information maximum likelihood estimation 41
2.6 Concluding remarks and further readings 42
References 42
3 Computing effect sizes for meta-analysis 48
3.1 Introduction 1 48
3.2 Effect sizes for univariate meta-analysis 50
3.2.1 Mean differences 50
3.2.2 Correlation coefficient and its Fisher’s z transformation 55
3.2.3 Binary variables 56
3.3 Effect sizes for multivariate meta-analysis 57
3.3.1 Mean differences 57
3.3.2 Correlation matrix and its Fisher’s z transformation 59
3.3.3 Odds ratio 60
3.4 General approach to estimating the sampling variances and
covariances 60
3.4.1 Delta method 61
3.4.2 Computation with structural equation modeling 64
3.5 Illustrations Using R 68
3.5.1 Repeated measures 69
3.5.2 Multiple treatment studies 71
3.5.3 Multiple-endpoint studies 73
3.5.4 Multiple treatment with multiple-endpoint studies 75
3.5.5 Correlation matrix 77
3.6 Concluding remarks and further readings 78
References 78
4 Univariate meta-analysis 81
4.1 Introduction 81
4.2 Fixed-effects model 83
4.2.1 Estimation and hypotheses testing 83
4.2.2 Testing the homogeneity of effect sizes 85
4.2.3 Treating the sampling variance as known versus
as estimated 85
CONTENTS
ix
4.3 Random-effects model 87
4.3.1 Estimation and hypothesis testing 88
4.3.2 Testing the variance component 90
4.3.3 Quantifying the degree of the heterogeneity of effect sizes 92
4.4 Comparisons between the fixed- and the random-effects models 93
4.4.1 Conceptual differences 93
4.4.2 Statistical differences 94
4.5 Mixed-effects model 96
4.5.1 Estimation and hypotheses testing 97
4.5.2 Explained variance 98
4.5.3 A cautionary note 99
4.6 Structural equation modeling approach 100
4.6.1 Fixed-effects model 100
4.6.2 Random-effects model 101
4.6.3 Mixed-effects model 102
4.7 Illustrations using R 105
4.7.1 Odds ratio of atrial fibrillation between bisphosphonate
and non-bisphosphonate users 105
4.7.2 Correlation between organizational commitment and
salesperson job performance 108
4.8 Concluding remarks and further readings 116
References 117
5 Multivariate meta-analysis 121
5.1 Introduction 121
5.1.1 Types of dependence 121
5.1.2 Univariate meta-analysis versus multivariate
meta-analysis 122
5.2 Fixed-effects model 124
5.2.1 Testing the homogeneity of effect sizes 125
5.2.2 Estimation and hypotheses testing 126
5.3 Random-effects model 127
5.3.1 Structure of the variance component of random effects 128
5.3.2 Nonnegative definite of the variance component of random
effects 129
5.3.3 Estimation and hypotheses testing 131
5.3.4 Quantifying the degree of heterogeneity of effect sizes 132
5.3.5 When the sampling covariances are not known 133
5.4 Mixed-effects model 134
5.4.1 Explained variance 135
5.5 Structural equation modeling approach 136
5.5.1 Fixed-effects model 136
5.5.2 Random-effects model 137
5.5.3 Mixed-effects model 138
X
CONTENTS
5.6 Extensions: mediation and moderation models on the effect sizes 140
5.6.1 Regression model 141
5.6.2 Mediating model 143
5.6.3 Moderating model 144
5.7 Illustrations using R 145
5.7.1 BCG vaccine for preventing tuberculosis 146
5.7.2 Standardized mean differences between males and females
on life satisfaction and life control 156
5.7.3 Mediation and moderation models 161
5.8 Concluding remarks and further readings 174
References 174
Three-level meta-analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Examples of dependent effect sizes with unknown
degree of dependence
6.1.2 Common methods to handling dependent effect sizes
6.2 Three-level model
6.2.1 Random-effects model
6.2.2 Mixed-effects model
6.3 Structural equation modeling approach
6.3.1 Two representations of the same model
6.3.2 Random-effects model
6.3.3 Mixed-effects model
6.4 Relationship between the multivariate and the three-level
meta-analyses
6.4.1 Three-level meta-analysis as a special case of the
multivariate meta-analysis
Approximating a multivariate meta-analysis with
a three-level meta-analysis
Three-level multivariate meta-analysis
6.5 Illustrations using R
6.5.1 Inspecting the data
Fitting a random-effects model
Obtaining the likelihood-based confidence interval
Testing rL = 0
Testing tL = 0
Testing rf2) = r2
Testing types or proposals (grant versus fellowship)
Testing the effect of the year of application
Testing the country effect
6.6 Concluding remarks and further readings
References
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.5.2
6.5.3
6.5.4
6.5.5
6.5.6
6.5.7
6.5.8
6.5.9
179
179
180
180
183
183
187
188
189
191
193
195
195
196
198
200
201
202
203
204
205
205
206
207
209
210
211
CONTENTS xi
7 Meta-analytic structural equation modeling 214
7.1 Introduction 214
7.1.1 Meta-analytic structural equation modeling as a possible
solution for conflicting research findings 215
7.1.2 Basic steps for conducting a meta-analytic structural
equation modeling 217
7.2 Conventional approaches 218
7.2.1 Univariate approaches 218
7.2.2 Generalized least squares approach 221
7.3 Two-stage structural equation modeling: fixed-effects models 223
7.3.1 Stage 1 of the analysis: pooling correlation matrices 224
7.3.2 Stage 2 of the analysis: fitting structural models 227
7.3.3 Subgroup analysis 233
7.4 Two-stage structural equation modeling: random-effects models 233
7.4.1 Stage 1 of the analysis: pooling correlation matrices 234
7.4.2 Stage 2 of the analysis: fitting structural models 235
7.5 Related issues 235
7.5.1 Multiple-group structural equation modeling versus
meta-analytic structural equation modeling 236
7.5.2 Fixed-effects model: two-stage structural equation
modeling versus generalized least squares 237
7.5.3 Alternative random-effects models 239
7.5.4 Maximum likelihood estimation versus restricted
(or residual) maximum likelihood estimation 242
7.5.5 Correlation coefficient versus Fisher’s z score 242
7.5.6 Correction for unreliability 243
7.6 Illustrations using R 244
7.6.1 A higher-order confirmatory factor analytic model for
the Big Five model 244
7.6.2 A regression model on SAT (Math) 258
7.6.3 A path model for cognitive ability to supervisor rating 266
7.7 Concluding remarks and further readings 273
References 274
8 Advanced topics in SEM-based meta-analysis 279
8.1 Restricted (or residual) maximum likelihood estimation 279
8.1.1 Reasons for and against the maximum likelihood
estimation 280
8.1.2 Applying the restricted (or residual) maximum likelihood
estimation in SEM-based meta-analysis 281
8.1.3 Implementation in structural equation modeling 283
8.2 Missing values in the moderators 289
8.2.1 Types of missing mechanisms 289
xii CONTENTS
8.2.2 Common methods to handling missing data 290
8.2.3 Maximum likelihood estimation 291
8.3 Illustrations using R 294
8.3.1 Restricted (or residual) maximum likelihood estimation 295
8.3.2 Missing values in the moderators 300
8.4 Concluding remarks and further readings 309
References 310
9 Conducting meta-analysis with Mplus 313
9.1 Introduction 313
9.2 Univariate meta-analysis 314
9.2.1 Fixed-effects model 314
9.2.2 Random-effects model 317
9.2.3 Mixed-effects model 322
9.2.4 Handling missing values in moderators 325
9.3 Multivariate meta-analysis 327
9.3.1 Fixed-effects model 328
9.3.2 Random-effects model 333
9.3.3 Mixed-effects model 337
9.3.4 Mediation and moderation models on the effect sizes 340
9.4 Three-level meta-analysis 346
9.4.1 Random-effects model 346
9.4.2 Mixed-effects model 351
9.5 Concluding remarks and further readings 353
References 354
A A brief introduction to R, OpenMx, and metaSEM packages 356
A.l R 357
A.2 OpenMx 362
A.3 metaSEM 364
References 368
Index
369
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cheung, Mike W.-L |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1072573644 |
| author_facet | Cheung, Mike W.-L |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cheung, Mike W.-L |
| author_variant | m w l c mwl mwlc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042603904 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QA278 |
| callnumber-raw | QA278.4 |
| callnumber-search | QA278.4 |
| callnumber-sort | QA 3278.4 |
| callnumber-subject | QA - Mathematics |
| classification_rvk | MR 2100 QH 240 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)912098520 (DE-599)BSZ431096856 |
| dewey-full | 001.422 001.4/22 |
| dewey-hundreds | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| dewey-ones | 001 - Knowledge |
| dewey-raw | 001.422 001.4/22 |
| dewey-search | 001.422 001.4/22 |
| dewey-sort | 11.422 |
| dewey-tens | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| discipline | Allgemeines Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01877nam a2200421 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV042603904</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20201125 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">150609s2015 |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2015004846</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781119993438</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-119-99343-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)912098520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BSZ431096856</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-N32</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-945</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QA278.4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">001.422</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">001.4/22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MR 2100</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123488:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">QH 240</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)141556:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cheung, Mike W.-L.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1072573644</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Meta-analysis</subfield><subfield code="b">a structural equation modeling approach</subfield><subfield code="c">Mike W.-L. Cheung</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Chichester, West Sussex</subfield><subfield code="b">Wiley</subfield><subfield code="c">2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xx, 378 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Strukturgleichungsmodell</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4252999-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Metaanalyse</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4169552-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Metaanalyse</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4169552-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Strukturgleichungsmodell</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4252999-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028036917</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV042603904 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:05:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781119993438 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2015004846 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028036917 |
| oclc_num | 912098520 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-N32 DE-384 DE-188 DE-945 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-N32 DE-384 DE-188 DE-945 |
| physical | xx, 378 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cheung, Mike W.-L. Verfasser (DE-588)1072573644 aut Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach Mike W.-L. Cheung Chichester, West Sussex Wiley 2015 xx, 378 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Strukturgleichungsmodell (DE-588)4252999-2 gnd rswk-swf Metaanalyse (DE-588)4169552-5 gnd rswk-swf Metaanalyse (DE-588)4169552-5 s Strukturgleichungsmodell (DE-588)4252999-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cheung, Mike W.-L Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach Strukturgleichungsmodell (DE-588)4252999-2 gnd Metaanalyse (DE-588)4169552-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4252999-2 (DE-588)4169552-5 |
| title | Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_auth | Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_exact_search | Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_full | Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach Mike W.-L. Cheung |
| title_fullStr | Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach Mike W.-L. Cheung |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meta-analysis a structural equation modeling approach Mike W.-L. Cheung |
| title_short | Meta-analysis |
| title_sort | meta analysis a structural equation modeling approach |
| title_sub | a structural equation modeling approach |
| topic | Strukturgleichungsmodell (DE-588)4252999-2 gnd Metaanalyse (DE-588)4169552-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Strukturgleichungsmodell Metaanalyse |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028036917&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cheungmikewl metaanalysisastructuralequationmodelingapproach |