Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego:
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
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Poznań
Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje
2013
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| Series: | Spatium Archaeologicum
6 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Lusatian culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland. - Publikacja zawiera również: Analizy specjalistyczne autorstwa Alicji Śmiszkiewicz-Skwarskiej [et al.]. - Dysk optyczny w kieszonce Bibliogr. s. 193-202 |
| Physical Description: | 386 s., [6] k. tabl. złoż. il. (w tym kolor.) 31 cm + CD-R (12 cm) |
| ISBN: | 9788363795801 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego |c Karolina Kot ; Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Fundacja Uniwersytrtu Łódzkiego |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Lusatian culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland. - Publikacja zawiera również: Analizy specjalistyczne autorstwa Alicji Śmiszkiewicz-Skwarskiej [et al.]. - Dysk optyczny w kieszonce | ||
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| adam_text | Summary
The Lusatian Culture occupation
in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages
from the Myślibórz Lakeland
1. Introduction
The objective of the present paper is to reconstruct
the picture of the Lusatian culture (further: LC)
occupation in the eastern part of the Myślibórz
Lakeland. The limited regions discussed in the
paper are formed by the area of the Myślibórz
commune and Nowogródek Pomorski, west Pomer-
anian voivodeship (fig. 1).
To realize the aim of the paper’s archival data,
results of fieldwalking surveys and excavations
were used. The discovery of archaeological sites
on the route of the S-3 motorway was of special
importance. The sites of Czółnów 33, Myślibórz
commune, and Renice 5 and 6, Myślibórz com-
mune were particularly important. The mentioned
sites are of “base” significance for the considera-
tions below — they will create the main axiom of
discussion.
2. The history of research
The area under discussion lay in the boundaries of
the Margraviate of Brandenburg since the 2nd half
of the 13th century. In 1925 the youngest prov-
ince — New March, with its capital in Myślibórz
(.Soidin), was formed [Fenryck 1966, p. 13, 18].
The most complete description of the prehistory
and Middle Ages in the area of New March was
written by Alfred Götze in “Die Vorgeschichte der
Neumark” [Götze 1897].
In the 19lh century, the collecting of antiquities
became a “Romantic” pastime and regional muse-
ums, called the Heimatmuseum, which collected
the local antiquities, became popular [Nekanda-
Chronological limits of the paper include the
time since IVEB to HaD2, inclusive. It is the time
of the west Pomeranian group of the LC existing in
this area, as well as the occurrence of the Gorzyce
group (further: GG) occupation.
The first part of this paper is of an analytical
character and presents the history of investiga-
tions, illustrating the environment and the chro-
nology of the “base” sites. Then, an analysis of the
occupation and the chronology of the occupation
processes connected with the LC in the area under
consideration are shown. Another part includes
the Catalogue containing a list of settlements,
settlement points, cemeteries, hoards/deposits,
single and sporadic finds. In the final part tables
and maps are included. The paper concludes with
a set of specialist analyses.
-Trepka 2001, p. 73]. Such an institution was cre-
ated in Myślibórz by Max-Berndt von Saldem-
Mantl in 1928, and was called Des Heimatmuseum
des Kreises Soldin [Buchholz 1930, p. 37-44;
Karolczak 2008, p. 3]. The activity of pre-war re-
searchers of the region — F. Buchholz [Volkmann
2007, p. 182-183] and G. Dorka [1939] were
of great importance for recognising the history of
the region. After World War II the institution in
Myślibórz ceased to exist, it was re-established
in 1967 [Karolczak 2008, p. 29-30, 35], and
since 2002 it has functioned as the Museum of the
Myślibórz Lakeland [Karolczak 2008, p. 99].
204 Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiegt
3. Geographical environment
The area under analyses in this paper is located
in north-west Poland, in the western part of the
Myślibórz Lakeland. The final relief of the Myślibórz
Lakeland was influenced by a retreat of the Weische-
lian glaciation (hg. 2) [Kondracki 1998, p. 68].
A characteristic of the analyzed area is the presence
of a large number of lakes (fig. 3). In this region, fer-
tile brown soils prevail, and the terrain is diversified
by wetlands and waterholes [Richling, Ostaszewska
2005, p. 255; Kondracki 2000, p. 281].
The early Holocene was characteristic of cold
winters, hot summers and sparse falls [Los 1999,
p. 288]. A coolness wave and the increase in falls
interspersed with warmer and drier periods were
connected with the sub-Atlantic period, to which
the early Iron Age fell. The increase of falls led to
the emergence of damp areas and the rise of water
level [Ralska-Jasiewiczowa 1991, p. 126].
4. Tlie Lusatian Culture occupation at sites Czółnów 33, Myślibórz commime,
Renice 5-6, Myślibórz commune
4.1. Forms and function of the objects
As “base” sites for this paper the following were
acknowledged: Czolnow 33 (AZP 40-09/136) and
Renice 5-6 (AZP 40-09/89; AZP 40-09/90). An
analysis of the recorded immovable objects (800)
allowed for the following categories to be distin-
guished: dwelling-economic pits, economic pits
(storage ones, stone stores), production pits, fur-
naces, fireplaces, hearths, post-holes, pottery con-
centrations and pits (fig. 7-9).
The grounds for distinguishing dwelling-eco-
nomic pits were their considerable sizes and rel-
atively regular shapes. At the analyzed sites, 29
such features were found. In this category, shal-
lowly resting features of inconsiderable thickness
(from 0.12 m to 0.48 m) and the pits ranging from
0.5 m to 1.14 m thick were distinguished. In the
cross-sections of the other group of features, de-
pressions in the remains of cellars/compartments,
placed inside the structures were recorded. In no
cases a clear traces of structures in the shape of
post-holes were observed.
A group that developed more in respect of both
morphology and function included pits of economic
character. This category comprises of 174 storage
pits, the original purpose of which was for the stor-
age of larger amounts of supplies. In few cases trac-
es of wall reinforcements or pit bottoms were discov-
ered (table 3: 1, 2, 5). Another category of storage
pits were stores of raw stone material that were only
found at the site of Renice 5-6 (S). Stones may have
been stored and then processed and used as temper.
Another category consisted of production pits,
which had charcoal and burning remains occur-
ring in their basal layers. From among 29 distin-
guished pits, as many as 24 were located at site
Czółnów 33. The described group included dry-
ing houses which, except for the presence of fire
burning, were characteristic of baggy or rectangu-
lar cross-section profile [Michalski 1983, p. 168].
Another distinguishing group of pits with a pro-
ductive character were pits that served to heat
stones [Michalski 1983, p. 170]. Above the visi-
ble layer of burning, there were also multi-layered
arrangements of stones. Stone roasting was used to
make disintegration easy.
The need to keep the furnace burning explains
the presence of clay dome relics placed over the
ground, beneath which a hearth or a fireplace oc-
curred [Michalski 1983, p. 172]. Two such struc-
tures functioned at the discussed sites; because of
the poor state of their preservation it is impossible
to identify their type or their defining function.
Other distinguished categories are: fireplaces
(32) and hearths (23). In the first case these were
pits with traces of burning, whose fills bore no
traces of strengthenings such as stones or cobbling.
Whereas the hearths were equipped with structures
accumulating warmth, protecting against the spread
of fire and enabling a stable arrangement of vessels.
Post-holes (88) were recorded at all “base”
sites. A characteristic feature of this group was
a complete lack of visible structural arrangements
in the form of relics of buildings supported by
posts.
At the sites under analysis, concentrations of
pottery (6) coming from one or a few vessels were
Summary. The Lusatian Culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland 205
found. In the case where the material obtained
comes from a few kinds of containers and their re-
construction is impossible, a refuse deposit should
be taken into account. If vessel fragments allow
a reconstruction, it may be assumed that this is
a relic of a free-standing vessel completely or
partly dug into the ground, intended to store prod-
ucts [Krzyszowski 2006, p. 16].
Most of the pits from the “base” sites were
treated as features of undefined purpose because
of a lack of characteristic features. Object B165
from the site of Czółnów 33 (table 18) draws a spe-
cial attention. In its roof a female skeleton was
4.2. Movable materials
At the “base” sites, the most numerous group of
movables included vessel pottery, moreover small
clay, stone, glass and flint artifacts were discov-
ered.
On the grounds of analysis of pottery from the
“base” sites, the main macromorphologieal types
were identified, which were then given more de-
tail when divided into different levels of sub-
types (fig. 11-21). On reconstructing the above
scheme a system worked out in the Poznaň centre
for the late Linear Pottery Culture and analyses
of LC pottery from site 4 at Szczecin-Niemierzyn
[Kozłowska 1997, p. 129-131] and Kujavia
[Ignaczak 2002, p. 36-40] were useful. Nine ves-
sel groups were distinguished (G-pots, W-vases,
A-amphoras, M-bowls, K-cups, C֊scoops, D-jars,
T֊plates and S-special forms).
The next stage of the analysis comprises of dis-
cussing micromorphological forms (fig. 22), based
on the shaping of rims, bottoms and handles. To
a short extent, it will be useful in the studies on
chronology.
Within the large pottery collection, decorated
specimens were fragmentarily preserved, and they
did not constitute an abundant group. The main
types were distinguished on the grounds of the
technique of ornamentation: type I — engraved or-
nament, type II —fluting, type III — pseudo-corded
ornament, type IV — stamped ornament, type V —
finger, finger-nail impressions, notches, type VI
found (female?, age: maturus). It was laid on its
right side and directed eastwards. No grave goods
were recorded in the pit. It is possible that the
body was deposited on the top of the secondarily
used pit of an economic character. Untypical buri-
als were recorded, among others, in Siniarzewo 2,
Kujavia-Pomerania voivodeship [Ignaczak 2004,
p. 108-109, fig. 5: 2a].
All the above identified categories of artifacts
did not stand out from among the analogous struc-
tures from the LC settlements that functioned in
the Western Pomerania or the neighbouring areas.
— plastic ornament, subtype VII — stabbed orna-
ment. Within these types, a division into subtypes
and variants was made (fig. 23-26).
Technological analysis will be based on a col-
lection of the so-called “characteristic fractions”
including a collection of rims, bottoms and han-
dles. It will be conducted in consideration of the
following features: texture of the outer surface,
thickness of the walls, fracture and temper. The
results of the carried out analysis were not re-
flected in defining the chronology of the pottery
materials.
Except for vessels, in the inventories of the
“base” sites, the presence of other artifacts made
of clay, glass, stone and flint were recorded. Four
whorls were found, from among which one was
made of clay, the other three were made of stone
(fig. 27: 1-3). These finds are connected with
weaving and spinning activity. Similar functions
are ascribed to clay discs, three specimens of
which were recorded at the settlement of Czólnów
33 (fig. 27: 4, 5). Spoons are rarely found at LC
settlements. Only two specimens were recognized
(fig. 27: 6, 7), which came from the site of Renice
5-6 (S). Rattles were also sporadically discovered
on settlements, the majority coming from cemeter-
ies and only one specimen came from Czólnów
33 (fig. 28: 1). Whereas the only object made of
glass was a bead in the shape of a spherical sector
(fig. 28: 2).
206 Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Mysliborskiegi
5. Chronology of the late Bronze and early Iron Ages occupation in the eastern
part of the Mysliborz Lakeland
This part of the paper is devoted to chronological
considerations. Firstly, an analysis of the “base”
sites was undertaken, and then the scope of the
considerations was widened to the other cogni-
tively attractive complexes of sources from the
discussed area.
Attempts to define a chronology were made on
the grounds of analysis of the following criteria:
macromorphology, micromorphology, ornamenta-
tion, technology. Forms of vessels are of special
significance to define the chronological limits.
Therefore, artifacts from the “base” settlements
were compared with the more reliable dated mate-
rial coming from settlements and (rarely) necropo-
les located within a close proximity of the settle-
ments under investigation. These analogies were
also taken from the eastern part of the Myślibórz
Lakeland and the neighbouring areas. The same
scheme was used in the analysis of micromor-
phology, ornamentation, technology and other
artifacts.
Owing to this, it may be stated that most of the
analyzed forms and ornaments are characteristic of
quite a “long duration”. What is more, it may be
noted that a mosaic of, partly contemporary, vessel
forms and ornaments is here considered. For this
reason, instead of distinguishing classical “phas-
es”, “typo-chronological components” were iden-
tified [Czebreszuk 1996, p. 65-68]. They are con-
nected with “classically” understood: IYEB-HaD2
(Component I), ĪV-V EB (Component II), EB/Ha
(Component III), HaC-HaD (Component IV), IVEB
(Component V), VEB (Component VI), HaC (Com-
ponent VII), HaD (Component VIII).
At the site Czółnów 33, eight Components
were distinguished. Component I, which was rep-
resented by pots of type G 1.2.2, bowls of type M
1.1.2 and M 1.2.2, a small collection of cups of
subgroup K 1.1, scoops of subgroup C 1.1 with
a non-profiled body, which had circular hollows
under the handle. A problem with dating also ap-
peared in the case of jars (subgroup D 1.2). For
Component II vases of type W 1.1.2 and W 1.1.3
and bowls of subgroup M 2.1 were characteristic.
With Component III only bowls of group M 2 were
identified, and with Component IV — bowls with
edges cut from the inside (subtype M 1.2.3) and
it contained the only specimen of jar — subgroup
D 1.1. Component V was determined by vases of
subgroup W 2.1, pots with handles of type G 1.3.1,
amphoras - subgroup A 1.1 with vestigial knob or-
naments, flowerpot-shaped cups of group K 2 and
vases of type W 1.1.1. Component VI was char-
acteristic of pots of type G 1.2.2. Component VIII
includes a small number of disc-shaped plates
(group T 1), bulbous pots of subgroup G 1.2, orna-
ment of subtype I 2, V 1, variant V1/V2 and VI/
/V2/I3. Component VIII was distinguished mainly
on the grounds of ornament of subtype VII 1 and
variant VI 1.1 and VI 2.2.
Six Components were distinguished for the pot-
tery material from site Renice 5-6. Component I
includes a few pots of type G 1.2.2, bowls of type
M 1.1.2, barrel-shaped cups, ornament of subtype
I 1 and subtype IV 1. Component II was only rep-
resented by vases of type W 1.1.2 with S-shaped
bended neck. Component IV was distinguished on
the grounds of bowls with diagonal openings cut
from the inside (type 1.2.3) and egg-shaped pots
of subgroup G 1.1 and ornament of subtype VI 1.1
accompanying the bowls. Component V is repre-
sented by the type II ornament, vases of subgroup
W 2.1 with multiple engraved lines placed below
and above the passage between the belly and the
neck, and they may also have had a coarsened low-
er part of the belly. Component VII is expressed
by the disc-shaped plates of subgroups T 1.1 and
T 1.2, egg-shaped pots of subgroup G 1.2 had an
opening, which may have had a form of “hood”,
bowls of type M 1.1.1 had an edge bended inside
and that of type M 1.2.1, ornaments of subtype I 2,
II 3, V 1, V 2, variants VI 1.1 and VI 2.1. Com-
ponent VIII was characteristic of pots of subgroup
G 1.1, type G 1.2.3 with a thick edge, diagonally
cut from the inside, ornament of subtype I 2, III 1,
III 2, VII 1-VII 3 and knobs of subtype VI 1.1 with
a deformed surface.
In the further part of the paper, chronologi-
cal characteristics of the sites that constitute the
direct occupation background for Czółnów 33
and Renice 5-6 will be included. Part of them
are only known from the archives (cemeteries),
whereas others have not been hitherto published.
The earlier distinguished “typo-chronological”
components will be a point of reference for “pot-
tery” analyses. Settlements: Głazów 2, Myślibórz
commune: Components V, VII, VIII (fig. 30-32),
Głazów 8, Myślibórz commune: Components I,
Summary. The Lusatian Culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland 207
IV, VII, VIII (fig. 33-35), Derczewo 31, Myślibórz
commune: Components I, II, IV, V, VI (fig. 36),
Głazów [no number (catalogue number 125)],
Myślibórz commune: Component IV, Renice 10,
Myślibórz commune, Components VI, VII, Now-
ogródek Pomorski 8, Nowogródek Pomorski com-
mune: Components I, VI-VIII (fig. 37). Cemeter-
ies: Renice 10, Myślibórz commune: Components
VI, VII (fig. 38), Chlopowo [no number (catalogue
number 1)], Myślibórz commune: Component
V, Chlopowo [no number (catalogue number 2)],
Myślibórz commune: Component II, Dalsze [no
number (catalogue number 38)]: Component IV,
Głazów 9, Myślibórz commune: Component VI,
Klicko [no number (catalogue number 181)],
Myślibórz commune: Component II, Kruszwin 33,
Myślibórz commune: Component I, Myślibórz [no
number (catalogue number 240)], Myślibórz com-
mune: Component I or II, Myślibórz [no number
(catalogue number 263)], Myślibórz commune:
Component VI (fig. 39), Myślibórz [no numbers
(catalogue numbers 264, 265, 269)], Myślibórz
commune: Component VI, Nawrocko [no number
(catalogue number 270)], Myślibórz commune:
Component II, Otanów [no number (catalogue
number 299)], Myślibórz commune: Component
VI, Pszczelnik [no number (catalogue number
300)], Myślibórz commune: Component V, Renice
28, Myślibórz commune: Component II, Renice
[no number (catalogue number 330)]: Component
VI, Rościn [no number (catalogue number 337)],
Myślibórz commune: Component V, Sulmierz [no
number (catalogue number 368)]: Component V,
Nowogródek Pomorski 5, Nowogródek Pomorski
commune: Component VI, Nowogródek Pomorski
10, Nowogródek Pomorski commune: Component
11, Świątki 7, Nowogródek Pomorski commune:
Component IV, Trzcinna [no number (catalogue
number 410)], Nowogródek Pomorski commune:
Component VI.
Prerequisites resulting from analyses of metal
will be treated separately. In Myślibórz and Now-
ogródek Pomorski communes few such artifacts
were found. They were not recorded on settlements
at Czółnów 33 and Renice 5-6. Most of them came
from the sites of a sepulchral character, hoards/
/deposits or boggy finds. From the excavated area
two fibulas synchronized with Component IV (fig.
40), 16 bronze rings (Component V?), two spirals
(Component II or VI, fig. 41), beads/pendants (fig.
42), nine necklaces (Components VI-VIII, fig. 43),
ten armlets/bracelets, eleven pins (Component II,
IV, fig. 44. 45), an awl (Component VI), gold arti-
facts, a Rokitki type antenna sword (Component
VI, fig. 46), a Mórigen type sword (Component
VI), a knife (Component V, fig. 47), amber prod-
ucts (fig. 48) were found.
Available prerequisites resulting from pottery
analaysis and the chronology of “indicative” prod-
ucts from other forms of occupation enabled the
attempt to formulate global estimations concern-
ing the LC occupation chronology of the eastern
end of the Myślibórz Lakeland.
Component I (IV-HaD2). In this chronological
interval there were egg-shaped pots of subgroup
G 1.1 (especially type G 1.1.1), type G 1.2.2 with
thin rounded edges, bowls of type M 1.1.1, M 1.2.2
undecorated, barrel-shaped cups, cups of sub-
group K 1.1, scoops with a non-profiled body, jars
of subgroup D 1.1 and ornaments of subtype I 1,1
2, vertical lines/grooves of subtype 1.3, stamps of
type IV, finder-nail holes of subtype V.l. In inven-
tories of this period spiral bracelets or Tore neck-
laces with hooked endings were discovered.
Component II (IV-V EB). The chronology but
were represented by a collection of coarsened pots
(?) with diagonally bended edges, vases of types
W 1.1.1, W 1.1.2, W 1.1.3.do not have very pre-
cise diagnostic features.
Component III (EB/Ha). These are the oldest
within the collection of bowls and the vessels are
included in the group M 2, they have a charac-
teristic moulded wall and an outside turned rim.
Moreover, a specific specimen of plate ֊֊ the Ko-
panicki plate was identified. Also, cylindrical gob-
lets (with a low placed passage between the belly
and the neck, an outside turned rim and a highly
placed passage between the belly and the neck,
and in the form of a spherical sector), bronze
necklaces with notched ornaments, and bronze
awls occurred.
Component IV (HaC-HaD). In this period there
were bowls with diagonally cut rims (M 1.2.3,
small vertical knobs, horizontal bands of subtype
VI 2.3 and swan-necked pins.
Component V (IVEB). This group includes pots
of type G 1.3.1, biconical vases of subgroup W 2.1,
anaphoras of subgroup A 1.1, flowerpot-shaped
cups of group K 2, ornaments of subtype II.2 and
a Pfaffen type knife of the Brzeźniak variant.
Component VI (VEB). Among the vessels,
a softening of the tectonics is observed. Few forms
and ornaments may be placed in this chronological
interval. Cautiously, pots with coarsened surfaces
208 Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego
and handles under the rim may be included here,
the slim flowerpot-shaped vessels, moulded bowls
decorated with wide fluting on the edges, fibulas of
the Spindlersfeld type, an antenna sword belong-
ing to the Rokitki type and Morigen type sword
are also included.
Component VII (HaC). In this period there
were used disc-shaped plates of group T 1, egg-
shaped pots with slightly turned out edges of sub-
group G 1.2, bowls with thick edges turned inside,
undecorated, ornaments of subtype 1.2 engraved
with horizontal lines, from which vertical or di-
agonal engraved arrangements came, knobs of
subtype VI 1.1, undecorated plastic bands of sub-
type VI 1.2, notched and incised edges of subtype
V.2, sporadic diagonal or surrounding fluting on
the bellies appeared, whereas often on the edges
of thick rimmed bowls (most often turned inside)
diagonal fluting of subtype II.3 was placed. Hori-
zontal, diagonal or slightly arched engraved lines
(fluting) were found on the bellies of vessels, often
co-occurring with small, elongated impressions.
Such an ornament was observed in the 1st devel-
opment phase of GG [Griesa 1992, p. 43].
Component VIII (HaD). The following arti-
facts and their decoration were connected with the
early part of the Iron Age: amphora of subgroup
A 1.1, pots of type G 1.2.3 with the edge diagonal-
ly cut from the inside and a knob (knobs) placed
just under it, decorations in the form of engraved
festoons connected with vertical and arched lines
- phase II of GG [Griesa 1982, p. 43, Abb. 8],
pseudo-corded ornament of type III — 1st phase of
GG [Griesa 1982, p. 43], knobs with a deformed
surface of subtype VI 1.1, covering of subtype
VI 2.2, a stabbed ornament placed under the rim
of subtypes VII 1-3, pseudo-corded ornament
combined with fluting — phase I of GG [Griesa
1982, p. 43] or plastic bands on the surface on
which short incisions were visible — phase II of
GG [Griesa 1982, p. 43].
6. Occupation and economy in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age
in the eastern part of the Mysliborz Lakeland
■6.1. Occupation forms
Research for the publications on the occupation
did not concern the area under analysis, rather it
concentrated on the neighbouring terrains [Dor-
ka 1939; Szafrański 1957, p. 373-382; Cnotliwy
1976; Wesołowski 1993, p. 359-370].
Among the distinguished types of the sites,
campsites are the least numerous. Most sites lo-
cated within the researched area are the remains
of settlements, characteristic of traces of perma-
nent structures.
Among the sites connected with the Bronze
Age and the turn of the Bronze Age there are set-
tlements with “farmsteads”, where concentrations
of storage pits and hearths were recorded around
the pit-houses (Nowogródek Pomorski 4, Dercze-
wo 31). At the site of Czółnów 33 where four main
concentrations of features were identified (fig. 7)
some difficulties occurred in the interpretation of
the spatial organisation of the settlement. A slight-
ly different model of space arrangement was found
at the settlement in Głazów 2. In the south-east
of the site there was a concentration of plunged
dwelling pits, on the north-western part there lay
two small concentrations of hearths. In the other
part of the settlement there was situated an ag-
glomeration of storage pits, fireplaces, storage
places for raw material and pits with no defined
function. Further the occupation became weaker,
and then another concentration of pits, with un-
known functions was visible. Moreover, relics of
posts, which formed chaotic arrangements, were
identified.
Also in this period settlements with concen-
trations of pits were identified. Such concen-
trations were found at Nowogródek Pomorski 8
(5 concentrations).
On the grounds of analysis of settlements con-
nected with the Iron Age it may be stated that
there were no recognised production areas, and
pits of economic character were introduced into
the settlement or were found within dwelling fea-
tures. Such an arrangement occurred at Nowo-
gródek Pomorski 4, Renice 12 or Renice 5-6.
A distinctive feature of the settlements was the oc-
currence of post-holes, which formed the layout of
post structures.
Also, settlements with agglomerations of “eco-
nomic” pits were identified, where the research
Summary. The Lusatian Culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland 209
area covered only this part of the settlement, on
which features with economic functions pre-
dominated. Whereas no traces of dwelling pits
were found. Such concentrations were discovered
at Nowogródek Pomorski 24, where, except for
the mentioned features there were no dwellings.
A similar situation occurred on sites 13, 31 and
32 at Renice. The latter of the recorded spatial ar-
rangements are chaotic, unclear arrangements of
features and occupation peripheries. Such traces
of occupation processes were recorded on sites
8, 23 and 24 at Nowogródek Pomorski and Re-
nice 10.
Other settlement structures, which were identi-
fied in the analysed area were strongholds, how-
ever because of the unsatisfactory state of re-
search and contradictoiy opinions of researchers,
they may be only hypothetically included into this
group (Myślibórz 1, Myślibórz commune, Ławy,
[no number, catalogue number 217]).
In the area under consideration 24 cemeteries
were recorded (fig. 49). Among them, flat cemeter-
ies (on one cemetery various grave structures may
have existed) and barrow cemeteries were identi-
fied. Grave equipment of the barrows is wealthier
than that of flat cemeteries. Except for urns and
side vessels that appeared as a standard, gold ar-
tifacts and weaponry were also recorded. Funeral
rites used by the population from the area under
analysis show a connection with the other territo-
ries of the Western Pomerania and the neighbour-
ing areas.
In the area under investigation hoards/depos-
its, single and sparse finds were found. Almost all
the metal artifacts found are connected with the
water environment.
6.2. Environmental conditions of occupation
Data collected and catalogued shows that the
slopes of small valleys proved a convenient loca-
tion for the Bronze Age communities, while the
least attractive areas were: small and big valleys,
lowlands, and non-displayed areas, promontories,
heights with a circular exposure and the base of a
slope. Habitation sites were not recorded on the
ground or on flood plains (fig. 52, 53). Occupation
of the IV-V EB preferred areas exposed in relation
to the surrounding landscape. Likewise in other ar-
eas of Pomerania, here occupation was also located
nearby river valleys and larger tunnel-valley lakes.
The occupation connected with the Iron Age
preferred a location in the valley region (in this
case, small valleys) and their clearly developed
edges. However, these were always exposed areas.
Also in the remaining territory of Pomerania set-
tlements dated to the Iron Age were more often es-
tablished on the edges of larger valleys, high river
and lake banks [Ostoja-Zagórski 1982, p. 66].
Therefore, in the discussed area, there is no
clear visible border referring to preferences of the
sites location from the younger EB periods and the
Hallstatt period.
Cemeteries in the late Bronze Age were lo-
cated on culminations of heights covering the val-
ley edges. Cemeteries connected with the Hall-
statt period are mainly known from archival data,
therefore a precise reconstruction of their location
was often impossible.
The hydrographic network was of special im-
portance for planning settlements and locations
for occupation. Similar traditions were maintained
in the remaining part of Pomerania. In a few cases,
settlement sites from the Bronze Age were located
at a distance from rivers, in comparison with the
next period.
The present-day soil cover of the discussed
area consists mainly of two types of soil (fig. 49).
The larger part is covered with podzols and pseu-
dopodzols (A), brown characteristic soils and
brown lixiviated soils (B) as well as brown acid
soils (Bw). Moreover, a connection between a kind
of soil cover and a concentration of vegetation oc-
curring on it was observed. A certain picture may
be shown by the maps of the current state of po-
tential vegetation [fig. 58, after: Matuszkiewicz
2008, map Bl].
Inconsiderable differences in the distribution
of sites on individual types of soils were recorded.
In the Bronze Age and the Hallstatt period, one
model of soil cover was preferred. In both periods
a growth in occupation of the areas where soils in-
cluded the second complex (brown characteristic
soils, brown lixiviated soils and luvisols) generally
existed and these areas were characteristic of high
agricultural usability. An inconsiderable decrease
in the occupation activity was noted on the soils
of the first sandy complex, characteristic of little
agricultural usability. Only a small percentage
210 Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego
of settlements (c. 9%) were located on the most
fertile soils of the third complex (black soils). In
the both periods, sites appeared sporadically on
fluvisols or in the borderland with soils of the first
complex.
The economy of the LC societies from the end
of the Bronze Age and older stages of the Iron
Age was of a multidirectional character [Kacz-
marek 2002, p. 235]. Harvests obtained owing to
soil cultivation were supplemented by gathering,
whereas shortcomings in animal husbandry were
compensated by fishing and hunting. Analyses
of animal bone from the settlements in the area
show that cattle dominated, sporadically the re-
mains of pigs were discovered. This picture was
supplemented by the bones of game, among which
large ruminants were found. Site 27 at Otanów,
Myślibórz commune was only identified due to the
higher than average amount of wild mammal bones
found. The species composition of animal remains
on individual settlements showed general tenden-
cies, whereas individual features within different
settlements may result from diverse environmen-
tal conditions.
The discussed area yielded vessels, on which
traces of tarry substances were found. Production
of wood tar was a well-developed branch of econo-
my among the LC population.
7. The History of the Lusatian Culture occupation in the eastern part of Myslihorz
Lakeland — a summary
A stabilization of occupation in the discussed part
of Pomerania has its beginnings as early as III EB,
which resulted in the emergence of macroregional
occupation concentrations (IV-V EB) [Ostoja-Za-
gorski 1982, p. 103 et seqq.; Bukowski 1998,
p. 188, 191, 192].
The Mysla River played a vital role as a route
for communication in the Bronze Age, joining the
areas of the Oder ravine, Lubusz Land and Great-
er Poland [Bukowski 1998, p. 192]. At the end of
the Bronze Age, the main route joining the rivers
basins of the lower Warta, the Oder, the Havel
and the lower Spree with the north, ran along the
lower Oder through the Bay of Szczecin and be-
tween Uznam and Wolin islands [Bukowski 1998,
p. 244]. Through the lower Oder valley region
of the Vistula estuary and eastern Brandenburg,
through the mediation of the LC territory, a trans-
fer of “southern” elements northwards took place
[Bukowski 1998, p. 363]. Influences from the
Nordic zone (IV-V EB) in the area under consider-
ation and in the remaining part of West Pomerania
were visible both in the inflow of imports and the
appearance of their local imitations or the simi-
larities concerning the choice of hoards/deposits
and single artifacts deposited there. However, they
were only impulses coming here through the areas
situated on the western side of the Oder. A feature
distinguishing this area from the other regional
LC groups is maintaining the “Lusatian” charac-
ter while simultaneously having a presence of the
Nordic “elements” [Bukowski 1998, p. 200].
There is little evidence for Lusatian occupation
connected with IV and V EB in the analyzed area,
no settlement concentrations were identified, and
the occupation was dispersed. Settlements, in-
habited since the younger Bronze Age to the early
Iron Age are most numerously represented. With-
in the researched area, a few concentrations were
identified: concentrations 1-8 (map 1). Except for
the discussed agglomerations, it may be noted that
a small number of single occupation points were
dispersed in the area.
Concentrating on the grounds of spatial devel-
opment analysis of the settlement areas it may be
noted that there is a tendency towards dividing
the occupied area. It is most clearly visible in the
creation of households (building with accompany-
ing pits) separated by either an empty space or
at least an area with dispersed settlement points.
Unfortunately a profile for typically productive
settlement types cannot be built with the avail-
able data.. Therefore, it may be assumed that it
is mostly permanent settlements that are involved,
which carried out their productive activity in dif-
ferent fields, in order to satisfy their own needs.
In the early Iron Age, in the discussed area, a si-
multaneous presence of declining west Pomerani-
an groups of LC and GG was visible. In this period
a small number of concentrations of settlements
and occupation spots are recorded: concentrations
6-8 (map 1). In the area under consideration, sites
with general guideline dates: concentrations 1-3,
10, 13, 14 were also recognized.
Summary. The Lusalian Culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland 211
On the grounds of analysis of the distribution
of settlement sites a picture appears, in which the
inclination of sites connected with the Hallstatt
period (both of LC, and with GG features) towards
the eastern areas of the discussed region is visible.
At most settlements the Górzyce trend was accom-
panied by an earlier occupation revealing features
of pottery of the west Pomeranian group of the LC,
both from the Bronze Age and the Hallstatt period.
In this connection, great difficulties were encoun-
tered in transferring taxonomic divisions of space
of the analyzed sites. Here the transferring of taxo-
nomic divisions of the sites space does not form any
grounds for their stratification as regards phases.
What was only possible was to identify their compo-
nents, which show that most of the areas occupied
by the settlements were characteristic of a perma-
nent occupation. It includes elements characteris-
tic of IV and V EB through the West Pomeranian
group from the Iron Age to GG features of the 1st
and 2nd phases. Such a way of indentation of the
occupation and penetration of patterns in both di-
rections testifies to the migration of ideas/pattems,
which were considerably influenced by the infil-
tration/indentation of the areas occupied by these
groups in the 1st development phase of the GG in
the Myslibórz Lakeland [Lewczuk 2005b, p. 146].
These results show that a stable, long-lasting occu-
pation occurred on settlement areas where there are
traces of habitation since the late Bronze Age to the
Hallstatt D, inclusive. There are also habitats that
have been occupied for shorter episodes.
When analyzing the inner arrangement of set-
tlements, it is worth noting that the main unit
in the EB was the “household”. In the Iron Age
plunged dwelling pits occurred, usually concen-
trated around a square with rare buildings. An
economic/storage area with groups of hearths, pits
and, characteristic of this period, with post-struc-
tures was situated at a certain distance from them.
Such a model of space arrangement may have
been copied within the settlement.
Among the LC settlements, differences are vis-
ible both in the elements of building and the type
of space arrangement. It is impossible to express
an opinion on the sizes of recorded settlements
because none of the settlements were excavated
completely.
In IV EB a tradition of erecting barrows was
still maintained; mounds of the barrows were
made of stones, beneath which stone chests with
urns, side vessels and metal artifacts were placed.
Both the forms disappear with the decline of the
V EB when flat graves predominated. These were
most often urn graves with various models of stone
embankments. Likewise in the remaining area of
Pomerania, pit graves were also found here.
In the Hallstatt period, cemeteries with flat
burials were still predominant — in the analysed
area there is no recording of a barrow cemetry.
Still, urn graves with stone kerbs appeared, also
grave forms unknown in the EB occurred. Except
for single cases, grave equipment was poor. Urns
were mostly accompanied by side vessels. Bronze
artifacts appeared sporadically as well as individ-
ual bronze and gold artifacts. Moxeover, in graves
from the Hallstatt period whorls were found.
Spis treści
Od autorki ....................................................................................... 11
Wstęp............................................................................................. 13
1. Historia badań ................................................................................... 17
2. Środowisko geograficzne .......................................................................... 21
2.1. Charakterystyka wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego................................. 22
3. Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej na stanowiskach Czółnów 33, gm. Myślibórz, Renice 5-6, gm. My-
ślibórz ......................................................................................... 25
3.1. Formy i funkcja obiektów.................................................................... 28
3.1.1. Funkcja obiektów...................................................................... 29
3.1.1.1. Obiekty mieszkalno-gospodarcze ................................................... 29
3.1.1.1.1. Obiekty nieznacznie zagłębione............................................... 30
3.1.1.1.2. Obiekty zagłębione .......................................................... 31
3.1.1.2. Jamy o charakterze gospodarczym .................................................. 35
3.1.1.2.1. Jamy zasobowe ............................................................... 35
3.1.1.2.2. Składy surowca kamiennego ................................................... 39
3.1.1.3. Jamy produkcyjne.................................................................. 39
3.1.1.4. Piece ............................................................................ 41
3.1.1.5. Ogniska ......................................................................... 42
3.1.1.6. Paleniska ....................................................................... 43
3.1.1.7. Dołki posłupowe.................................................................. 46
3.1.1.8. Skupiska ceramiki ............................................................... 48
3.1.1.9. Jamy............................................................................. 49
3.2. Materiały ruchome .......................................................................... 52
3.2.1. Ceramika.............................................................................. 52
3.2.1.1. Makro morfologia.................................................................. 53
3.2.1.2. Mikromorfologia................................................................... 71
3.2.1.3. Ornamentyka....................................................................... 74
3.2.1.4. Technologia ...................................................................... 83
3.2.2. Inne zabytki gliniane................................................................. 85
3.2.2.1. Przęśliki......................................................................... 87
3.2.2.2. Krążki ........................................................................... 87
3.2.2.3. Łyżki ............................................................................ 87
3.2.2.4. Grzechotki ....................................................................... 87
3.2.3. Zabytki kamienne...................................................................... 88
3.2.3.1. Przęśliki......................................................................... 88
3.2.3.2. Rozcieracze ...................................................................... 88
3.2.4. Zabytki szklane....................................................................... 88
3.2.4.1. Paciorek.......................................................................... 89
3.2.5. Zabytki krzemienne.................................................................... 89
8 Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego
4. Chronologia osadnictwa późnej epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza
Myśliborskiego ............................................................................... 91
4.1. Analiza chronologiczna stanowisk „bazowych” ................................................ 91
4.1.1. Makromorfologia....................................................................... 91
4.1.1.1. Garnki .......................................................................... 91
4.1.1.2. Wazy ............................................................................ 96
4.1.1.3. Amfory........................................................................... 98
4.1.1.4. Misy............................................................................. 99
4.1.1.5. Kubki........................................................................... 106
4.1.1.6. Czerpaki........................................................................ 107
4.1.1.7. Dzbany.......................................................................... 109
4.1.1.8. Talerze krążkowate.............................................................. 110
4.1.1.9. Formy specjalne................................................................. 111
4.1.1.9.1. Naczynia sitowate .......................................................... 111
4.1.1.9.2. Naczynia miniaturowe........................................................ 112
4.1.2. Mikromorfologia ..................................................................... 112
4.1.3. Ornament ............................................................................ 112
4.1.3.1. Ornament ryty (typ I) ....................................................... 112
4.1.3.2. Kanelury (typ II) .............................................................. 114
4.1.3.3. Tak zwany ornament pseudosznurowy (typ III) ................................. 115
4.1.3.4. Stemple (typ IV)................................................................ 115
4.1.3.5. Dołki paznokciowe (typ V) ...................................................... 115
4.1.3.6. Ornament plastyczny (typ VI).................................................... 116
4.1.3.7. Ornament kłuty (typ VII) .................................................... 118
4.1.4. Technologia.......................................................................... 118
4.1.5. Inne zabytki ........................................................................ 118
4.1.5.1. Przęśliki....................................................................... 118
4.1.5.2. Krążki gliniane................................................................. 119
4.1.5.3. Łyżki gliniane.................................................................. 119
4.1.5.4. Grzechotki ..................................................................... 120
4.1.5.5. Polepa ......................................................................... 120
4.1.5.6. Zabytki kamienne................................................................ 120
4.1.5.7. Zabytki krzemienne ............................................................. 120
4.1.5.8. Zabytki szklane ................................................................ 121
4.1.5.8.1. Paciorki.................................................................... 121
4.1.6. Przesłanki radiowęglowe.............................................................. 121
4.1.7. Podsumowanie......................................................................... 122
4.1.7.1. Czólnów 33, gm. Myślibórz....................................................... 122
4.1.7.2. Renice 5-6, gm. Myślibórz ................................................... 124
4.2. Analiza typo-chronologiczna kontekstu osadniczego stanowisk „bazowych”..................... 125
4.2.1. Osady ............................................................................... 125
4.2.1.1. Głazów 2, gm. Myślibórz......................................................... 125
4.2.1.2. Głazów 8, gm. Myślibórz......................................................... 129
4.2.1.3. Derczewo 31, gm. Myślibórz...................................................... 131
4.2.1.4. Głazów, brak numera (nr kat. 125), gm. Myślibórz............................. 135
4.2.1.5. Renice 10, gm. Myślibórz........................................................ 135
4.2.1.6. Nowmgródek Pomorski 8, gm. loco................................................. 137
4.2.2. Cmentarzyska ........................................................................ 137
4.2.2.1. Renice 10, gm. Myślibórz........................................................ 138
4.2.2.2. Chłopowo, brak numeru (nr kat. 1), gm. Myślibórz.............................. 138
4.2.2.3. Chłopowo, brak numeru (nr kat. 2), gm. Myślibórz.............................. 138
4.2.2.4. Dalsze, brak numeru (nr kat. 38), gm. Myślibórz ............................. 138
Spis treści 9
4.2.2.5. Głazów 9, gm. Myślibórz..................................................... 138
4.2.2.6. Klicko, brak numeru (nr kat. 181), gm. Myślibórz ........................... 140
4.2.2.7. Kruszwin 33, gm. Myślibórz.................................................. 140
4.2.2.8. Myślibórz, brak numeru, (nr kat. 240), gm. loco............................. 140
4.2.2.9. Myślibórz, brak numeru (nr kat. 263), gm. loco ............................. 140
4.2.2.10. Myślibórz, brak numeru (nr kat. 264, 265, 269), gm. loco .................... 140
4.2.2.11. Nawrocko, brak numeru (nr kat. 270), gm. Myślibórz........................... 140
4.2.2.12. Otanów, brak numeru (nr kat. 299), gm. Myślibórz........................... 140
4.2.2.13. Pszczelnik, brak numeru (nr kat. 300), gm. Myślibórz ...................... 140
4.2.2.14. Renice 28, gm. Myślibórz..................................................... 141
4.2.2.15. Renice, brak numeru (nr kat. 330), gm. Myślibórz............................. 141
4.2.2.16. Rościn, brak numeru (nr kat. 337), gm. Myślibórz ............................ 141
4.2.2.17. Sulmierz, brak numeru (nr kat. 368), gm. Myślibórz......................... 141
4.2.2.18. Nowogródek Pomorski 5, gm. loco............................................ 141
4.2.2.19. Nowogródek Pomorski 10, gm. loco........................................... 141
4.2.2.20. Świątki 7, gm. Nowogródek Pomorski......................................... 141
4.2.2.21. Trzcinna, brak numeru (nr kat. 410), gm. Nowogródek Pomorski ................ 142
4.2.3. Analiza diagnostycznych źródeł pozaceramicznych................................... 142
4.2.3.1. Fibule........................................................................ 142
4.2.3.2. Rrązowe kółka/pierścienie .................................................... 143
4.2.3.3. Spirale ...................................................................... 143
4.2.3.4. Paciorki/zawieszki ........................................................... 143
4.2.3.5. Naszyjniki ................................................................... 144
4.2.3.6. Naramienniki/bransolety ...................................................... 144
4.2.3.7. Szpile........................................................................ 145
4.2.3.8. Szydła ....................................................................... 146
4.2.3.9. Zabytki złote ................................................................ 146
4.2.3.10. Miecze ...................................................................... 146
4.2.3.10.1. Miecze antenowe......................................................... 146
4.2.3.10.2. Miecze typu Mörigen I................................................... 147
4.2.3.11. Noże......................................................................... 147
4.2.3.12. Wytwory bursztynowe.......................................................... 147
4.3. Chronologia osadnictwa późnej epoki brązu i młodszej epoki żelaza we wschodniej części
Pojezierza Myśliborskiego - ujęcie syntetyczne (próba zarysowania wniosków).............. 148
4.3.1. Komponent I....................................................................... 148
4.3.2. Komponent II ..................................................................... 151
4.3.3. Komponent III..................................................................... 152
4.3.4. Komponent IV...................................................................... 153
4.3.5. Komponent V ...................................................................... 153
4.3.6. Komponent VI...................................................................... 155
4.3.7. Komponent VII .................................................................... 156
4.3.8. Komponent VIII.................................................................... 158
5. Osadnictwo i gospodarka w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części
Pojezierza Myśliborskiego................................................................... 161
5.1. Formy osadnictwa......................................................................... 161
5.1.1. Osady ............................................................................ 161
5.1.1.1. Obozowiska ................................................................... 161
5.1.1.2. Osady otwarte................................................................. 162
5.1.1.2.1. Okres epoki brązu, epoka brązu/epoka żelaza .............................. 162
5.1.1.2.2. Epoka żelaza.............................................................. 163
5.1.1.3. „Grody”....................................................................... 164
10 Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego
5.1.2. Cmentarzyska ........................................................................ 166
5.1.2.1. Cmentarzyska płaskie............................................................. 167
5.1.2.2. Groby kurhanowe.................................................................. 169
5.1.3. Skarby/depozyty, znaleziska luźne oraz pojedyncze ................................... 170
5.2. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania osadnictwa...................................................... 172
5.2.1. Uwarunkowania geomorfologiczne....................................................... 172
5.2.2. Uwarunkowania hydrograficzne......................................................... 176
5.2.3. Uwarunkowania pedologiczne .......................................................... 176
5.2.4. Podstawy gospodarcze................................................................. 181
6. Historia osadnictwa kultury łużyckiej we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego — próba pod-
sumowania ...................................................................................... 183
Zakończenie.......................................................................................... 191
Literatura........................................................................................... 193
Summary. The Lusatian Culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz
Lakeland......................................................................................... 203
Tablice.............................................................................................. 213
ANALIZY SPECJALISTYCZNE
Alicja Śmiszkiewicz-Skwarska, Analiza antropologiczna szczątków kostnych odkrytych w obrębie osady
ludności kultury łużyckiej w Czółnowie, stan. 33/75, gm. Myślibórz............................... 349
Kamilla Waszczuk, Analiza szczątków kostnych ze stanowiska nr 33 w Czółnowie, nr aut. 75, gm. Myśli-
bórz ........................................................................................... 351
Katarzyna Pyżewicz, Michał Rejchert, Analiza materiałów krzemiennych ze stanowiska Czółnów 33
(aut. 75), gm. Myślibórz ........................................................................ 355
Kamilla Waszczuk, Zwierzęce szczątki kostne ze stanowiska nr 5 w Renicach, nr aut. 89, gm. Myślibórz 359
Kamilla Waszczuk, Zwierzęce szczątki kostne ze stanowiska nr 6 w Renicach, nr aut. 90, gm. Myślibórz,
odcinek A, B, C, E .............................................................................. 367
Marcin Wąs, Materiały krzemienne ze stanowiska Renice 5, gm. Myślibórz .............................. 373
Marcin Wąs, Materiały krzemienne ze stanowiska Renice 6, gm. Myślibórz .............................. 375
Sławomir Pietrzak, Jerzy J. Langer, Badania archeometryczne pozostałości smół drzewnych identyfikowa-
nych z kulturą łużycką ze stanowiska 5 w Renicach (pow. Myślibórz, woj. zachodniopomorskie) . . . 379
ZAŁĄCZNIKI NA PŁYCIE CD
Katalog I
Katalog II
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kot-Legieć, Karolina |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1216064857 |
| author_facet | Kot-Legieć, Karolina |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kot-Legieć, Karolina |
| author_variant | k k l kkl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042563886 |
| classification_rvk | NF 1630 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)910975998 (DE-599)BVBBV042563886 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen Nordwest (DE-588)4312815-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen Nordwest |
| id | DE-604.BV042563886 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:25:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788363795801 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027997540 |
| oclc_num | 910975998 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | 386 s., [6] k. tabl. złoż. il. (w tym kolor.) 31 cm + CD-R (12 cm) |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Spatium Archaeologicum |
| series2 | Spatium Archaeologicum |
| spelling | Kot-Legieć, Karolina Verfasser (DE-588)1216064857 aut Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego Karolina Kot ; Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Fundacja Uniwersytrtu Łódzkiego Poznań Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje 2013 386 s., [6] k. tabl. złoż. il. (w tym kolor.) 31 cm + CD-R (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Spatium Archaeologicum 6 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Lusatian culture occupation in the late Bronze and early Iron Ages from the Myślibórz Lakeland. - Publikacja zawiera również: Analizy specjalistyczne autorstwa Alicji Śmiszkiewicz-Skwarskiej [et al.]. - Dysk optyczny w kieszonce Bibliogr. s. 193-202 Lausitzer Kultur (DE-588)4166930-7 gnd rswk-swf Polen Nordwest (DE-588)4312815-4 gnd rswk-swf Polen Nordwest (DE-588)4312815-4 g Lausitzer Kultur (DE-588)4166930-7 s DE-604 Spatium Archaeologicum 6 (DE-604)BV039576110 6 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027997540&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027997540&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kot-Legieć, Karolina Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego Spatium Archaeologicum Lausitzer Kultur (DE-588)4166930-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4166930-7 (DE-588)4312815-4 |
| title | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego |
| title_auth | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego |
| title_exact_search | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego |
| title_full | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego Karolina Kot ; Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Fundacja Uniwersytrtu Łódzkiego |
| title_fullStr | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego Karolina Kot ; Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Fundacja Uniwersytrtu Łódzkiego |
| title_full_unstemmed | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego Karolina Kot ; Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Fundacja Uniwersytrtu Łódzkiego |
| title_short | Osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej w późnej epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza we wschodniej części Pojezierza Myśliborskiego |
| title_sort | osadnictwo kultury luzyckiej w poznej epoce brazu i wczesnej epoce zelaza we wschodniej czesci pojezierza mysliborskiego |
| topic | Lausitzer Kultur (DE-588)4166930-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lausitzer Kultur Polen Nordwest |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027997540&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027997540&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV039576110 |
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