Čuvanje prostora: međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
Novi Sad
Filosofski Fak.
2013
|
| Series: | Monografije / Filozofski Fakultet u Novom Sadu, Odsek za Istoriju
57 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 513 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9788660652005 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Monografije / Filozofski Fakultet u Novom Sadu, Odsek za Istoriju |v 57 | |
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САДРЖАЈ
РЕЧ АУТОРА
.9
УВОД
.13
I
КОНЦЕПЦИЈА СРПСКОГ СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНОГ ЖИВОТНОГ
ПРОСТОРА
Граница и
међа
-
етимологија
речи.
27
Порекло земљишне својине
и
међаша
-
археолошки
и антрополошки
аспект
.35
Животни простор
проматран кроз биологију
и
екологију
.45
Антропогеографија
простора
.48
Геофизичке карактеристике
простора
.52
Државне
границе
средњовековне Србије
.62
Жупе у
средњовековном
простору
.80
Крајишта
у
средњовековној Србији
.88
„Власти"
-
војно-територијалне јединице
.93
II
МИКРОТОПОНИМИЈА
ПРОСТОРА
Село.
99
Властелинство
.116
Град, „градски
метох",
тврђава, трг
.128
Заселак
.136
Катуни
.141
Селишта
.149
Забел
.153
Њива
.157
Ступ.
161
Виногради
.163
Воћњаци
.168
Планине
.172
Ливаде.
179
Пашњаци
.181
Лаз.
186
Рудници
.189
III
МЕЂНИЦИ
Врете
међника
у
средњем
веку
.195
Облици
рељефа
-
ороними
.198
Хидрографски
међници
-
хидроними
.215
Дендролошки међници
-
дендроними
.234
Биљке
.255
Щумски покривам.
256
Сакрални међници
.264
Напуштена људска пребивалишта, рушевине
или
њихови зачеци
(објекти са наставком -иште)
.276
Саобраћајна
инфраструктура
.285
Обрадиве површине
и крчевине
.301
Антропогеографски међници
.311
Насеља
у
функцији међника
.327
„Хрисовуља"
у
функцији међника
-
правни ентитет
.332
Привремени међник
-
потка
или притка.
336
Необрађени појас
граничне
земље
.338
IV
ИМОВИНСКО-ПРАВНИ
СПОРОВИ
OKO
ЗЕМЉИШНИХ ПРИЛОГА
Земља
у народним
обичајима
и
веровањима
.343
Кривично
право
.346
Грађанско
право
.350
Судско уређење
у
средњовековној Србији према Душановом законику
. 357
Рударски спорови
у светлости Закона о рудницима
.371
TecaFbe
међа.
376
Узурпирање земљишта
.387
Утврђивање међа између
села на истом властелинству
.391
Спорови око
међа између властелинства
са
једне
и
властеле
са
друге стране
.395
Спорови
око
међа између
два властелинства
.410
Судски
спорови
око
земљишта
и начини
њиховог решавања
у
Зети
и области
Црнојевића
.425
V
ЗАКЉУЧАК
.433
VI SUMMARY.
440
VII
ИЗВОРИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА
.447
VIII
ИМЕНСКИ РЕГИСТАР
.484
IX
ГЕОГРАФСКИ РЕГИСТАР
.493
X
СПИСАК ПРИЛОГА
.513
8
SUMMARY
All of nature on our planet, whether endowed with life or not, is delimited
within its own boundaries and borders. It is within such limits that humans exist
and move. From home to workplace, people are surrounded by boundaries
-
sta¬
tionary or moveable, visible or hidden to the eye. In the Middle Ages, spatial bo¬
undaries were marked out and carefully maintained for many reasons: political,
economic, legal, moral and religious.
To better understand the concept, it is first necessary to establish the etymology
of the terms denoting limits and boundaries
-
particularly of the Serbian terms
employed throughout this work,
granica
and
međa.
The Latin noun limes, -itis, m. encompasses a wide range of meanings. Prima¬
rily the term signifies some sort of barrier to be crossed, whether in the form of a
field path, a furrow or ridge, or some sort of channel such as a stream or a river.
For the Latins, a ploughed furrow was the definitive line separating urban from
rural, the inner from the outer. Later the term would be applied to the merestone
or landmark between two fields, extending in context to any sort of fortified con¬
struction. Beginning with the
Antonine
dynasty, the limes became a system of
border defences along the frontiers of the Empire. Finally, the noun has the more
abstract sense of distinction or differentiation between one thing and another.
Borders as such are therefore inextricably rooted in the land. Numerous Roman
writers construe the limes as sacred to civilisation, not to be crossed, and their
transgression as an act of barbarism. Mentions abound of the inability of the Ger¬
manic tribes to understand and respect the concept of borders. Regarding the
Serbian term for 'border',
granica,
lexicographers
Vuk Stefanović
Karadžič,
Ма-
žuranić and Divković
draw comparisons with the Latin nouns finis, -is, m. and
limes, -itis, m. The
granica
is a line, whether naturally occurring or manmade. As
such, it demarcates the outer edges of a territory, the extent of a property, the so¬
vereignty of a state. The Serbian word
granica
is thus etymologically related to the
noun
grana
within the same language, as well as to the Latin
-margo, inis,
m. and
the German
-Grenze, die,
n.
A Serbian term with similar meanings and equal importance in the Middle
Ages is
međa
or 'boundary'. The original signification of
međa
is that of middle
point, the centre. From this 'midpoint' comes the sense of
međa
as a boundary. In
this meaning, the
međa
or boundary is that which stands between two subjects.
440
It marks the edge of two spaces, where one ends and the other begins. On one
side of the
međa
lay safety, protected space. For people such a boundary was clear
and strong, well defined and obvious, the line of security. It demarcated space as
belonging either to the self or to others, safeguarded personal property and ow¬
nership, and protected against invasion from without. Because the
međa
divided
safe from unsafe, any alteration to the boundaries inspired fear and invited danger.
The history of land borders and boundary markers dates back to the time of
hunter-gatherer societies based on extended familial relationships. In order to
discuss the concept of ownership and property, it is necessary to travel back in
time to the first human societies. Without the notions of private property and land
ownership, it is impossible to speak of borders and boundaries. For humanity
overall, creativity has ensured survival and advancement. The human capacity for
action has developed throughout history. In perfecting their tools, people also
changed themselves and their relationship with work, nature and society. As they
altered their natural environment, they developed a new social environment. In
earliest history, land belonged to the group
-
though not to individual families.
When such families began to acquire land, the older society based on extended
familial relationships broke down. Once in possession of land, individual famili¬
es could achieve economic independence. Private land ownership necessitated the
marking out of property lines in relation to neighbouring parcels.
In order to understand the medieval Serbian conception of space, it is necessary
to study the matter from various aspects, such as biology, ecology and anthropo-
geography, and to determine its geophysical characteristics. Life began in water,
where even land creatures trace their origins. All living things are bound by ne¬
cessity to their habitat while also forming part of it. Habitat is affected by many
factors which range widely in their impact on living beings. Nevertheless, human
beings are not passive in the face of such influences, but rather actively shape the¬
ir living environment. Since prehistory, men and women have striven to adapt
their habitat and to create better conditions for survival.
It is important to establish the natural conditions which affect human life and
culture. In their endless struggle with nature, people have transformed such con¬
ditions to meet their own needs.
Space and its dimensions
-
whether three or four
-
are the object of study for
philosophers, mathematicians and physicists, each from the point of view of the¬
ir respective disciplines.
At the centre of this work
s
geographical focus lies the Balkan Peninsula as the
setting for the historical events under examination. This region is delimited to the
east and southeast by the Black Sea, the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara; to the
west by the Ionian and the Adriatic; and to the south by the Mediterranean. Its
northern border is formed by the
Sava
and the Danube
The population of any area, from the earliest times until the present, has always
shared economic and geographic ties with other regions near and far. To a large
441
extent, it is geography that determines political and economic development. De¬
termining borders often poses difficulties, particularly in earlier times. Nevert¬
heless, much current geographical research deals with the question of
régionali¬
sation.
It must not be overlooked that medieval boundary markers as described
in extant sources often show marked differences from the current landscape.
The arrival of the Slavs in the Balkan Peninsula essentially altered the previo¬
us ethnic composition. The newcomers adapted quickly to the surroundings and
climate. Their patterns of expansion and settlement were affected by the following
factors: remains of older Roman roads, the fertile soil and the possibilities for
agriculture. After leaving their ancestral homeland they took up life in the low¬
lands, ravines,
karst
fields and river valleys between the steep peaks. Such areas
-
sheltered in the lee of the mountains from the biting winds
-
were ideal for far¬
ming and viniculture
.
Under
Nemanjić
rule, medieval Serbia expanded its territory and thus shifted
its borders. The period known as the Despotate, however, was marked by reduc¬
tions in territory. During the Turkish advances into the area, the most dynamic
changes took place along Serbia's eastern and southern borders.
The microtoponymy of an area gives a fuller picture of the way in which bo¬
undaries were set during the Middle Ages for hamlets, villages, fiefs, towns and
cities, but also for mountains, mines, arable land and wasteland.
Extant medieval charters afford the most information regarding village boun¬
daries. Generally a description is provided of one village (within its independently
occurring boundaries) or a group of several villages, or a village with one or mo¬
re outlying settlements, as well as a detailed description of features such as a hill,
a stone marker, a church or similar. Naturally occurring features took precedence
over manmade features in the description of boundaries. The description and type
of village boundary markers depended first and foremost on the terrain. Along
the plains and lowlands, markers differ from those located at higher elevations.
The dominant types are oronyms, hydronyms and dendronyms. Sacred objects
were especially reverenced when used to indicate boundaries. Village limits could
thus be marked by any sort of object that stood out.
Every village had its own
atar
or outlying territory within boundaries known
both to the residents
ofthat
village and of neighbouring settlements. Within such
limits lay all the arable and non-arable land belonging to the residents of a parti¬
cular village. In medieval Serbia, the villagers were careful to respect these boun¬
daries. Several factors contributed to this phenomenon. Apart from their own
economic interests, the villagers as a whole were under obligations to the ruler or
the state. The village as a body bore collective responsibility for certain criminal
acts. Boundaries therefore served not only to mark ownership but to determine
group liability in the event of brigandry and theft. Such liability was established
by
Dušan
in his codex of laws now known as
Dušanov
zakonik,
a document which
allows insight into the position and organisation of villages under his rule.
442
Medieval
Serbian rulers vied to endow and protect monastic landholdings, as
attested by surviving charters. The introductory arengae of such charters fulfil
functions which are not only theological, rhetorical and literary, but which also
explain the donor's motives and shed light on the prevailing political situation.
Other sections of a charter, such as the apprecatio and the
sandio
or anathema,
provide the best indications of the parties' wishes regarding the property bestowed.
The Middle Ages were an age of deep piety in which the Church and its institutions
were respected, and great importance was attached to the sanctions which were
stipulated in charters. This was one way in which the borders and boundaries of
fiefdoms were maintained. The punishments for disregarding such borders were
most often spiritual, though sometimes also material. In an age of proliferating
fiefdoms, rulers tried to fill out the boundaries of their possessions without in¬
fringing on their neighbours. Various legal means were at their disposal: purchase,
barter, exchange and bestowal of land as a gift.
Besides fiefdoms and villages, for which the most plentiful information exists,
medieval sources also mention the boundaries of cities, outlying hamlets, moun¬
tains and arable and non-arable land. The code of mines or
Zakon
о
rudnicima
promulgated by Despot Stefan
Lazarević
stipulates precisely the boundaries of pits
for smelting and weighing. Such boundaries were closely linked to the granting
of concessions for working the mines.
The
signum
or visible sign of any boundary was its marker. A marker could be
any natural or manmade feature that indicated the edge of a state, a fiefdom,
a župa
or comitatus, cities, villages, hamlets and other settlements, besides mountains,
pastures, fields, vineyards, gardens, household land and other divisions. In the
code of mines of Despot Stefan
Lazarević,
the term
maršanin
or
mariani
is used
for boundary markers and border stones.
Such markers in the dispositions of medieval charters consist of various natu¬
ral and manmade features. Rich sources for research in this field include the chryso-
bulls or golden bulls known by their Serbian titles: the Svetostefanska hrisovulja,
the decrees grouped under the
Dečanska
hrisovulja, the
Svetoarhanâelovska
hri¬
sovulja, the
Ravnička
hrisovulja and other surviving medieval charters.
The type of boundary marker varied by region according to the features present
within the landscape. From the description of a particular location, it is often easy
to infer whether that place is found in the lowlands or at higher altitudes.
The lay of the land is one of the most important and influential elements of the
natural setting. Oronyms as boundary markers derive from easily sighted and
permanent natural features. To this very day they continue to be used as place
names in original or modified form. Their enduring presence can be seen in names
signifying mountain peaks, cliffs, outcroppings, slopes, hills and other prominences.
The
hydrographie
situation in a given area also affords boundary markers. Life
for medieval people depended on rivers, springs, streams, lakes, ponds and wetlands.
For this reason it was important to include hydronyms within the territory of
443
a village. Nature itself furnished some boundary markers, and humans built new
ones in accordance with already existing features.
In order to clearly understand the role of trees as boundary markers, it is ne¬
cessary to combine the research findings of dendrology, mythology, ethnology,
historical geography and extant medieval sources. A tree makes a natural land¬
mark. It may spring up naturally or be planted by humans. Whether evergreen or
deciduous, trees stand out against the landscape. At the same time, trees are vul¬
nerable to destruction from human or natural causes. In medieval Serbian space,
references are frequent to trees as landmarks: apple, ash, beech, birch, blackthorn,
dogwood, elder, fir, hazel, hawthorn, hornbeam, linden, oak, pear, pine, poplar,
walnut, willow.
The outer edges of medieval settlements could also be indicated by other types
of forest features. Examples include groves or clumps of vegetation indicated by
the words
gaj, dubrava
and lug, as well as hilltops and rocky outcrops shown by
gora
and
gvozd.
This type of vegetation boundary marker occurs less frequently.
Road infrastructure was highly important to communication and movement.
For this reason charters often set out in careful detail not only the principal roads
but also the local byways. Any type of route could mark a boundary, from wide
paved highways to simple wagon tracks, as could cross roads, streets, bridges and
fords.
Hallowed objects were especially revered as boundary markers, whether graves,
crosses or churches. A special type of boundary, the anthropogeographic marker,
is given comprehensive treatment in this work by its division into groups: abandoned
human settlements and buildings, arable land as distinguished from wasteland,
settlements, and decrees such as chrysobulls. Boundaries and their markers were
objects of deep respect for reasons of law, but they served an equally important
function for religion and mythology. Belief in the sanctity and inviolability of
boundary markers is ancient and widespread. Anyone who moved or damaged
such a marker could expect by myth to receive the most dire punishment.
Judicial sources are rare for this period. Nevertheless, they are greatly signifi¬
cant for showing how legal provisions were applied in practice. Each such surviving
judgment contributes to our knowledge of property law relations in medieval
Serbia. Despite their sometimes scanty detail, lawsuits regarding land do exist
between the end of the 12th century and the 15th. Legal contentions over land¬
marks could occur between two fiefdoms or between one fiefdom and the noble
lord. Indeed, the greatest number of surviving lawsuits deal precisely with the
latter type of litigation. Even within the same fiefdom, two villages could sue each
other over land
-
as recorded in the chrysobull of Decani. Usurpation of land al¬
so led to litigation regarding ownership.
Landmarks were carefully preserved for economic reasons. From the earliest
times such markers were subject to legal measures and regulations, their authority
reinforced by numerous customs and folk beliefs. To shift a neighbour's landmark
444
was considered not merely a legal infraction but one of the gravest moral wrong¬
doings and religious sins.
Until the proclamation of
Dušan's zakonik
or codex, judicial proceedings we¬
re inconsistent regarding land disputes
-
previously a matter of customary law. As
the state extended and consolidated its rule, land disputes also came under its
purview. This can be shown by written documents such as charters. The codex of
Dušan
thus constitutes one of the most important legal and historical sources for
the study of medieval Serbia. Its provisions regulate the social, economic and legal
relationships of the mid-14th century.
In the Middle Ages the term
tesati
or utesati is used for marking out, carving or
inscribing a boundary. The limits of a boundary could often be established in this
way without recourse to lawsuits. Affirming a boundary was a function that could
be performed by
a knez,
a bishop, a lord or someone of comparable rank. Frequ¬
ently, elders were sworn to assist. Their number, according to the sources, was
either
8
or
12.
Following the death of
Knez
Lazar,
mention is found of boundaries
which have been uhatarene, meaning appropriated to the village
atar
or territory.
In medieval Serbia, the legal subject of private or civil law was primarily the
natural person or individual. For natural persons to enjoy legal standing under
private law, they must possess citizenship privileges. Churches and monasteries
were the first to receive bequests of land, thus becoming subjects as contemplated
under private law.
In medieval Serbia, as in all Central European states, the highest judge was the
ruling lord. Under
Dušan's
code, the king reserved to himself the right to judge
disputes regarding land. Logically, the king could not hear all such cases alone,
but rather delegated his authority to judges, court officials or lords.
Dušan's
code
provided for separation of the judiciary from the administration, entrusting such
matters to judges as a body unto themselves. Many of the articles in the code
-
more than twenty
-
relate to judges.
An indispensable aid to the judge was the
pristav,
his bailiff or assistant. Nu¬
merous articles of the code regulate the role of the
pristav
in medieval jurispru¬
dence. The judicial court as public authority delegated the bailiff to register in
good faith the boundaries of a property. As land registries scarcely existed at this
time, disagreements over the limits of a property were common. In such cases the
opposing parties would submit verbal and written evidence to move the court to
delegate a bailiff who would exercise 'public faith' in setting and registering the
boundaries of a property.
An important role was played in such boundary disputes by elders and witnes¬
ses. These were respected and prominent members of the community who were
called to testify in the decision of boundaries. In the language of charters they are
often referred to as 'men good and true', 'men of sound knowledge' and similar.
Their testimony was decisive in resolving boundary disputes. Before offering the¬
ir statements they always swore the most terrible oaths, thus gaining in credibility.
445
Research
in this field has established that a distinction must be made in such
cases between 'witness' or
svedok
and 'elder' or starinik. Witnesses were called
from the villages which were involved in the dispute, while elders were called from
neighbouring settlements or parishes. Those from the surrounding area were most
familiar with the situation on the ground. It is likely that their labours in farming,
hunting and fishing afforded them a familiarity with boundaries and their vari¬
ous markers. The number of such men varied according to period, with the most
common being
24, 12, 9, 8, 6
or
4.
Depending on the time and the type of dispute, the judges themselves (either
one or two) would also travel to the location accompanied by the
pristav
and va¬
rious other dignitaries and officials. Upon arrival they would administer fearsome
oaths to the witnesses and call upon them to show the true boundaries. Previous
charters were often brought along and consulted as evidence of the highest pro¬
bative value. After fulfilling their task, the judges would inform the ruling lord of
their decision and draw up their ruling, usually in two copies.
446 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Božanić, Snežana 1973- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1070406341 |
| author_facet | Božanić, Snežana 1973- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Božanić, Snežana 1973- |
| author_variant | s b sb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042536100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)909693327 (DE-599)BVBBV042536100 |
| era | Geschichte 1200-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1200-1500 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Serbien |
| id | DE-604.BV042536100 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T04:25:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788660652005 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027970237 |
| oclc_num | 909693327 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 513 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Filosofski Fak. |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografije / Filozofski Fakultet u Novom Sadu, Odsek za Istoriju |
| spelling | Božanić, Snežana 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)1070406341 aut Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka Snežana Božanić Novi Sad Filosofski Fak. 2013 513 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografije / Filozofski Fakultet u Novom Sadu, Odsek za Istoriju 57 In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1200-1500 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Staatsgebiet (DE-588)4182646-2 gnd rswk-swf Staatsgrenze (DE-588)4077781-9 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd rswk-swf Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 g Staatsgebiet (DE-588)4182646-2 s Staatsgrenze (DE-588)4077781-9 s Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1200-1500 z DE-604 Filozofski Fakultet u Novom Sadu, Odsek za Istoriju Monografije 57 (DE-604)BV011381689 57 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027970237&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027970237&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Božanić, Snežana 1973- Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Staatsgebiet (DE-588)4182646-2 gnd Staatsgrenze (DE-588)4077781-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4182646-2 (DE-588)4077781-9 (DE-588)4054598-2 |
| title | Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka |
| title_auth | Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka |
| title_exact_search | Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka |
| title_full | Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka Snežana Božanić |
| title_fullStr | Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka Snežana Božanić |
| title_full_unstemmed | Čuvanje prostora međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka Snežana Božanić |
| title_short | Čuvanje prostora |
| title_sort | cuvanje prostora mede granice i razgranicenja u srpskoj drzavi ot 13 do 15 veka |
| title_sub | međe, granice i razgraničenja u srpskoj državi ot 13. do 15. veka |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Staatsgebiet (DE-588)4182646-2 gnd Staatsgrenze (DE-588)4077781-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Staatsgebiet Staatsgrenze Serbien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027970237&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027970237&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011381689 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bozanicsnezana cuvanjeprostorameđegraniceirazgranicenjausrpskojdrzaviot13do15veka |