Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej: studium historyczno-administracyjne
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bydgoszcz
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Jewish communities in the Second Polish Republic Bibliogr. s. 378-410 |
| Beschreibung: | 520 s. il. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788370969905 |
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1918-1939 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Summary
Jewish Communities in the Second Polish Republic
Historical and Administrative Study
Tomasz Kawski
The system, the organization and functioning of Jewish communities, acting in
Poland in the interwar period (1918-1939), were planted in the 19th century re-
ality and at the beginning of the 20th century. In the first years after regaining
independence, they were based on law inherited from the annexationists. Partly
they were the straight continuation, e.g. in the former Prussian partition, how-
ever in other partitions they evolved uncontrollably It especially regarded areas
of ancient Poland and Lithuania which were annexed by Russia in the 18th and
the 19th century In 1914-1920 their fate remained particularly complicated. The
considerable part of the area, developing in the years 1917-1919, was located in
new states, such as Lithuania, Latvia, Soviet Russia and Ukraine. Separate legis-
lation concerning the status of the Jewish population and Jewish communities
was implemented in each of them. Additionally, the fact that (except from Latvia)
Poland struggled with these states to set its borders complicated the situation. As
a result of the final settlement of disputed areas, some of the lands were included
into Poland. It caused problems with a multitude of regulations, which were often
contradictory Solutions to the difficulties took Polish administration many years
and did not help to stabilize the operation of Jewish communities in those areas.
In other parts of the territories annexed by Russia, systematic evolution of Jewish
religious communities was less severe. Geopolitical stabilization contributed to
it. Polish kingdom was overrun by the Germans in 1914-1916. Rules determin-
ing the structure of religious communities, which were adopted in 1916 in the
General Government of Warsaw, became the basis for further changes. From the
beginning of 1919 to 1927-1928, they were being introduced in other Polish ar-
eas after adjusting to the new rules of the political system. The exception was the
Silesian region where the German legislation was in force until 1939. The unifica-
tion of the political system was formally being conducted till 1928. However, in
Summary
519
almost 89% of the country, including the western and eastern Polish provinces,
the old rules in many areas of life applied until almost mid 30s. Even in later years,
in certain situations, temporary solutions were tolerated.
After the period of the annexation and the First World War Poland inherited
a range of unresolved and inveterate issues. Some of them had come from the time
before annexation. At the same time, a number of new problems occurred and
needed to be solved. The authorities initiated a versatile unification of state struc-
tures to provide optimum safety and development. Total modernisation was re-
quired. Its determinants remained in the public administrative sector: bureaucra-
cy, universalisation of the law and administrative procedures, professionalisation
of administrative staff, depersonalisation of orders (impersonality of regulations),
dissemination of writing in all procedures, introducing civil rights and increase of
position of the state in regulating and coordinating the relationship between the
group and the individual, and those with the expansion of community citizenship.
These principles were being progressively implemented in Western Europe since
the Enlightenment. Some of them were introduced during the 19th century in the
Polish lands, especially the Prussian partition. In the Russian and Austrian ones
they remained a wishful thinking or functioned in an incomplete form.
Jewish religious communities were included into modernizing and unifying
mechanisms. Procedural issues had an increasingly important role under the
changing of legal and operating structures of bureaucracy. In the same time the
incidents showing non-functionality of the state towards the Jewish and constant-
ly modernized state communities were noticed, especially when compared with
the theoretical models of bureaucracy. Their derivatives, associated with changing
rules defining the activities of communities, provide a reference point to the part
of the presented analysis. Thereby, they allow to specify some of the assumptions
of state policy towards religious and national minorities in Poland in 1918-1939
in the aspect which refers to the Jewish community. In addition, the extension of
the standardisation process of the political system of Jewish communities in the
Second Polish Republic meant that some specific issues related to the ways they
operated and were organized remained vague.
Seeking answers to the demands of research, the author focused on the admin-
istrative and bureaucratic structures, methods of their organization, official per-
sonnel and regional structures which functioned “from the inside”. Four of the six
chapters of the book (2, 3, 5, 6) were devoted to these issues. The second chap-
ter presents problems associated with the location, abundance and distribution
of Jewish communities in each local administrative unit of the Second Polish
Republic. The third chapter is dedicated to the problems of mechanisms leading
either to the destruction and, consequently, fall and liquidation, or in favorable
circumstances, the formation of a number of communities remained derivatives
of these issues. In the fifth chapter, the economic base of operations of communi-
ties and their financial situation is described. The sixth chapter shows the mech-
520
Summary
anism of working of the municipal administration and bureaucracy with regard
to their participation in the religious, socio-political and cultural life. Chapter 1
describes Jewish self-government in Polish lands in the historical context (before
1918), and Chapter 4 depicts its legal status in the years 1918-1939.
When presenting the various issues, the criteria of delivering material chrono-
logically was used. In some cases, the author referenced events from before 1918,
especially in a situation where the Second Polish Republic used the principle of
continuity of the state and law. Not wanting to depart from the mainstream dis-
cussion, some of the issues that were the subject of other studies are discussed in
general terms, only certain ones and some mechanisms were included. It applies
especially to the sixth chapter detailing religious and political aspects. The func-
tioning and taking into account the time factor of issues related to the activities of
Jewish religious communities seems to be more legitimated because in previous
studies it was not often considered important.
Translated by Joanna Dluska
Bayerische
Staatsbibliotftek
München
Spis treści
Wykaz skrótów.........................................................7
Wstęp.................................................................11
Rozdział 1. Tradycje żydowskiego samorządu na ziemiach
polskich do 1918 roku..............................................33
Rozdział 2. Socjotopografia żydowskich gmin wyznaniowych
w II Rzeczypospolitej...............................................55
Rozdział 3. Konstytuowanie i znoszenie żydowskich gmin wyznaniowych
w II Rzeczypospolitej...............................................84
Rozdział 4. Status prawny żydowskich gmin wyznaniowych
w II Rzeczypospolite)..............................................115
Rozdział 5. Sytuacja finansowa i majątkowa żydowskich gmin wyznaniowych
w II Rzeczypospolitej............................................ 201
5.1. Budżety i finanse gmin żydowskich w województwach zachodniej
i północnej Polski.............................................202
5.2. Budżety i finanse gmin żydowskich w województwach centralnej,
południowej i wschodniej Polski................................215
5.3. Sytuacja majątkowa gmin żydowskich w Polsce w latach 1918-1939.... 276
Rozdział 6. Administracja żydowskich gmin wyznaniowych
w II Rzeczypospolitej...............................................284
6.1. Organizacja i funkcjonowanie gminnej administracji.............285
6.2. Reformy wewnętrzne struktur administracyjnych..................294
6.3. Działalność zarządów i rad gmin................................305
6.4. Rabini i rabinaty..............................................317
6.5. Infrastruktura gmin............................................339
6.6. Gminy a sprawy międzynarodowe................................ 368
Zakończenie
374
6
Spis treści
Wykaz źródeł i cytowanej literatury....................................378
Aneksy.................................................................411
Spis aneksów...........................................................472
Ryciny.................................................................474
Spis rycin.............................................................508
Spis map...............................................................510
Spis tabel.............................................................511
Słownik pojęć..........................................................513
Table of Contents......................................................516
Summary................................................................518
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kawski, Tomasz 1969- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042471136 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)906795448 (DE-599)BVBBV042471136 |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1939 |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Kawski, Tomasz 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)132847434 aut Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne Tomasz Kawski Bydgoszcz Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego 2014 520 s. il. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Jewish communities in the Second Polish Republic Bibliogr. s. 378-410 Geschichte 1918-1939 gnd rswk-swf Żydowskie Gminy Wyznaniowe / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 s Geschichte 1918-1939 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027906301&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027906301&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kawski, Tomasz 1969- Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne Żydowskie Gminy Wyznaniowe / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4162805-6 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne |
| title_auth | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne |
| title_exact_search | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne |
| title_full | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne Tomasz Kawski |
| title_fullStr | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne Tomasz Kawski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno-administracyjne Tomasz Kawski |
| title_short | Żydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w II Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_sort | zydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w ii rzeczypospolitej studium historyczno administracyjne |
| title_sub | studium historyczno-administracyjne |
| topic | Żydowskie Gminy Wyznaniowe / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Żydowskie Gminy Wyznaniowe / Polska / 1900-1945 Jüdische Gemeinde Polen |
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