An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham [u.a.]
Springer International Publishing
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
39 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 1077 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783319116709 3319116703 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Shephard, Roy J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World |c Roy J. Shephard |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cham [u.a.] |b Springer International Publishing |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 1077 S. |b Ill. |c 24 cm | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Studies in History and Philosophy of Science |v 39 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte Anfänge-2014 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Körperliche Aktivität |0 (DE-588)4164439-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Fitness |0 (DE-588)4071235-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gesundheit |0 (DE-588)4020754-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Research | ||
| 653 | |a WS | ||
| 653 | |a Health and Fitness in Prehistory | ||
| 653 | |a Obesity Epidemic | ||
| 653 | |a Universal Health Care | ||
| 653 | |a Athletic Abuses | ||
| 653 | |a Puritan Influences | ||
| 653 | |a Health as a Gift of the Gods | ||
| 653 | |a School Sports | ||
| 653 | |a Exercise Science | ||
| 653 | |a Exercise Motivation | ||
| 653 | |a Chivalrous Sports | ||
| 653 | |a Physical Education | ||
| 653 | |a Herbal Remedies | ||
| 653 | |a Ritualized Sport | ||
| 653 | |a Future of Health and Fitness | ||
| 653 | |a Spectator Sport | ||
| 653 | |a Hunter-gatherers | ||
| 653 | |a Olympic Games | ||
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Gesundheit |0 (DE-588)4020754-7 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806330363015856128 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
IN
PREHISTORY,
INCLUDING INFERENCES
FROM
THE
CURRENT LIFESTYLE
OF
INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS
.
1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.2 EARLY HOMINOIDS
AND
THE
PALEOLITHIC
ERA
.
2
1.2.1 EARLY HUMANOID HISTORY
.
2
1.2.2 PALAEOLITHIC HABITAT
.
2
1.2.3 EMERGENCE
OF
HOMO
SAPIENS
.
4
1.2.4 RECREATION
OF
THE
PALAEOLITHIC LIFESTYLE
.
5
1.3 THE MESOLITHIC ERA
.
6
1.3.1
MESOLITHIC
SOCIETY
.
6
1.3.2 THE DORSET CULTURE
.
7
1.3.3 THE THULE PEOPLE
.
7
1.4
NEOLITHIC
SOCIETIES
.
8
1.4.1 CHARACTERISTICS
OF
NEOLITHIC SOCIETY
.
8
1.4.2
MIDDLE EAST
AND
SOUTH ASIA
.
9
1.4.3 MESO-AMERICA
.
9
1.4.4 NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS
.
10
1.5
ORAL
TRADITION
AND
HISTORICAL RECORDS
OF
HABITUAL PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY LEVELS
IN
PRE-HISTORY
.
11
1.5.1 INUIT
.
12
1.5.2 NORTH
AMERICAN
INDIANS
.
13
1.5.3 THE KALAHARI
BUSH
PEOPLE
.
16
1.5.4 THE TARAHUMARA INDIANS
.
17
1.5.5 MESO-AMERICA
.
19
1.5.6 OTHER PRE-HISTORIC SOCIETIES
.
25
1.6
ACCULTURATING INFLUENCES
AND
OBJECTIVE DATA
ON
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
AND
FITNESS
.
25
1.6.1 EARLY EXPLORERS
.
26
1.6.2 TRADERS
.
28
X1
XII
CONTENTS
1.6.3
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES
.
29
1.6.4
RESIDENTIAL
SCHOOLS
.
30
1.6.5
MILITARY
AND
INDUSTRIAL
INTRUSIONS
.
31
1.6.6
SPECIFIC
IMPACT
OF
ACCULTURATION
UPON
IGLOOLIK
.
32
1.7
EMPIRICAL DATA
ON
HABITUAL PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
AND
ENERGY
EXPENDITURES
.
37
1.7.1 ISSUES
OF
METHODOLOGY
.
37
1.7.2 THE INFLUENCE
OF
"REST
DAYS"
.
39
1.7.3 IGLOOLIK
INUIT
.
40
1.7.4 ALASKAN INUIT
.
41
1.7.5 SIBERIAN
CIRCUMPOLAR
POPULATIONS
.
41
1.7.6
SAMI
LAPPS
.
42
1.7.7 NORTH
AMERICAN INDIANS
.
43
1.7.8 CONCLUSIONS
.
44
1.8 EMPIRICAL DATA
ON
FITNESS
LEVELS
OF
PREHISTORIC
SOCIETIES
.
45
1.8.1 BODY
MASS
.
46
1.8.2 BODY FAT
.
48
1.8.3 AEROBIC
FITNESS
.
49
1.8.4 MUSCULAR
STRENGTH
.
50
1.8.5 CONCLUSIONS
.
51
1.9 HEALTH
OF
PRE-HISTORIC
SOCIETIES
.
51
1.9.1 EARLY HEALTH
STATUS
OF
PRE-HISTORIC
SOCIETIES
.
51
1.9.2 MORE RECENT
HEALTH
STATUS
OF
INDIGENOUS
POPULATIONS
.
55
1.9.3 INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
AND
SUICIDE
.
56
1.9.4
METABOLIC RISK
FACTORS,
DIABETES
AND
CHRONIC
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
.
58
1.9.5
CHANGING PATTERNS
OF
NUTRITION
.
60
1.10 ATTITUDES
TO
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
61
1.11 PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
.
62
1.11.1 TRADITIONAL
ARCTIC
GAMES
.
62
1.11.2
"WHITE"
SPORTS
AND
ATHLETIC
COMPETITIONS
.
63
1.11.3
COMMUNITY RECREATIONAL
FACILITIES
.
63
1.11.4
OVERALL ASSESSMENT
.
64
REFERENCES
.
65
2
EXAMPLES
OF
EARLY
CITY LIFE
FROM
ANCIENT
ASSYRIA, BABYLON,
EGYPT, ISRAEL, INDIA
AND
CHINA:
HEALTH
AS
A
GIFT
OF
THE
GODS
.
73
2.1 INTRODUCTION
.
73
2.2 SUMERIAN, BABYLONIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
CIVILIZATIONS
.
75
2.2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
.
75
2.2.2 ECONOMY
.
75
2.2.3 SPORTS
AND
RECREATION
.
76
2.2.4 HEALTH
.
78
2.2.5 FITNESS
AND
THE
OPTIMIZATION
OF
HEALTH
.
81
CONTENTS
XIII
2.3
EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATIONS
.
83
2.3.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
.
83
2.3.2
ECONOMY
.
83
2.3.3
SPORTS
AND
RECREATION
.
85
2.3.4
MEDICINE
.
89
2.3.5 HEALTH
.
92
2.3.6
FITNESS
.
94
2.4
JEWISH
CIVILIZATIONS
.
96
2.4.1
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
.
96
2.4.2
ECONOMY
.
98
2.4.3
SPORTS
AND
RECREATION
.
102
2.4.4 MEDICINE
.
106
2.4.5 HEALTH
AND
NUTRITION
.
109
2.4.6 FITNESS
.
111
2.5 INDIAN
CIVILIZATIONS
.
1L1
2.5.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
.
111
2.5.2 DAILY LIFE
AND
ECONOMY
.
112
2.5.3
SPORTS
AND
RECREATION
.
115
2.5.4 HEALTH
.
119
2.5.5 FITNESS
.
124
2.6
CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS
.
126
2.6.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
.
126
2.6.2 ECONOMY
.
128
2.6.3 SPORT
AND
RECREATION
.
131
2.6.4 HEALTH
.
138
2.6.5 FITNESS
.
142
REFERENCES
.
146
3
LEGACIES
OF
THE
CLASSICAL
ERA:
MINOA,
GREECE
AND
ROME;
A
RECOGNITION
OF
MATERIAL
CAUSES
OF
POOR
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
155
3.1 INTRODUCTION
.
155
3.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
.
156
3.3
MINOAN
CIVILIZATION
.
157
3.3.1 ECONOMY
.
157
3.3.2 HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
159
3.3.3 SPORTS
AND
RECREATION
.
161
3.4
GREEK CIVILIZATIONS
.
164
3.4.1
SOCIAL STRATA
AND
ECONOMY
.
164
3.4.2
GREEK
UNDERSTANDING
OF
PHYSIOLOGY
AND
MEDICINE
.
169
3.4.3 PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
.
186
3.4.4 THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
.
190
3.4.5
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
194
3.4.6
SPORT
AND
RECREATION
.
197
3.4.7 SPORTS MEDICINE
.
206
XIV
CONTENTS
3.5
ROMAN
CIVILIZATION
.
211
3.5.1
ECONOMY
.
211
3.5.2 MEDICINE
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
.
214
3.5.3 HEALTH
AND
NUTRITION
.
218
3.5.4
FITNESS
AND
TRAINING
.
219
3.5.5 SPORT
AND
RECREATION
.
223
REFERENCES
.
230
4 THE
MIDDLE-AGES:
MONASTERIES, MEDICAL
SCHOOLS
AND
THE
DAWN
OF
STATE HEALTH CARE
.
241
4.1
INTRODUCTION
.
241
4.1.1
"DARK"
OR
"MIDDLE" AGES?
.
241
4.1.2
LIFE AFTER COLLAPSE
OF
THE
ROMAN
EMPIRE
.
243
4.1.3 RECONVERSION
TO
CHRISTIANITY
.
244
4.1.4
THE
GOLDEN
AGE
OF
CHARLEMAGNE
.
245
4.1.5
LIFE
IN
THE
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
.
246
4.1.6
LIFE
IN
THE
ARAB WORLD
.
247
4.1.7
RENEWAL
IN
WESTERN
EUROPE
.
248
4.2
MEDICAL BELIEFS
AND
PRACTICE
.
248
4.2.1
EUROPEAN MEDICINE
IN
THE
EARLY MIDDLE-AGES
.
249
4.2.2
ISLAMIC
ATTITUDES
TO
MEDICINE
.
261
4.2.3
MEDICINE
IN
WESTERN EUROPE DURING
THE
LATER MIDDLE-AGES
.
265
4.3 GROWTH
OF
SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
IN
EUROPE
.
271
4.3.1
LIBRARIES, LEARNING
AND
FAITH
.
271
4.3.2 TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS
.
272
4.3.3
HEALTH
CARE
AND
THE
POOR
.
273
4.3.4 EARLY MEDICAL
TEXTS
.
274
4.3.5
VIEWS
ON
PHYSIOLOGY
.
276
4.4 GROWTH
OF
SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
IN
THE
ARAB
WORLD
.
276
4.4.1 AVERROES
.
277
4.4.2
AL-RAZI
.
277
4.4.3 SETH
.
279
4.4.4 IBN SI
NA
.
279
4.4.5
IBN
AL-NAFIS
.
281
4.4.6
MAIMONIDES
.
282
4.5
DEVELOPMENT
OF
MEDICAL SCHOOLS
.
283
4.5.1
SALERNO
.
283
4.5.2
MONTPELLIER
.
285
4.5.3
PARIS
.
286
4.5.4
BOLOGNA
.
287
4.5.5
PADUA
.
288
CONTENTS
XV
4.6
THE
SPECTRUM
OF
HEALTH
CARE
PERSONNEL
IN
THE
WESTERN WORLD DURING
THE
MIDDLE-AGES
.
289
4.6.1 QUALIFIED
PHYSICIANS
.
289
4.6.2
BARBER/SURGEONS
.
295
4.6.3 APOTHECARIES
.
297
4.6.4
WISE WOMEN
.
299
4.6.5 OPPOSITION FROM
THE
CHURCH
.
300
4.6.6 CLERICS
.
301
4.6.7 FEMALE HEADS
OF
HOUSEHOLDS
.
303
4.6.8
ROLE
OF
OTHER WELL-EDUCATED LAY-PEOPLE
.
305
4.7
PUBLIC HEALTH
AND
PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
.
305
4.7.1
THE ISLAMIC WORLD
.
306
4.7.2 NORTHERN
AND
WESTERN EUROPE
.
307
4.8
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
AND
FITNESS
.
313
4.8.1
LIFESTYLE
OF
THE
NOBILITY
.
314
4.8.2
LIFESTYLE
OF
THE
MIDDLE-CLASS
AND
AGRICULTURAL
WORKERS
.
314
4.8.3 CHILDREN
.
315
4.8.4 ATTITUDE
OF
PHYSICIANS TOWARDS EXERCISE
.
316
4.8.5 ATTITUDES
OF
THE
CHURCH
TOWARDS FITNESS
.
316
4.8.6 ATTITUDES
OF
THE
ARAB WORLD TOWARDS PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
AND
FITNESS
.
317
4.9 SPORT
AND
RECREATION
.
318
4.9.1 EQUESTRIAN SPORTS
.
318
4.9.2
TOURNAMENTS
.
321
4.9.3 JOUSTING
AND
TILTING
.
322
4.9.4
TENNIS
.
324
4.9.5
BOWLING
.
325
4.9.6
KOLF
.
326
4.9.7 CRICKET
.
327
4.9.8
PALL MALL
.
329
4.9.9 FOOTBALL (SOCCER)
.
329
4.9.10 ARCHERY
.
331
4.9.11 OTHER TYPES
OF
SPORT
.
331
4.9.12 OTHER
FORMS
OF
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
.
334
4.9.13
SEDENTARY
PURSUITS
.
334
REFERENCES
.
337
5
THE
RENAISSANCE: THE DAWN
OF
SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY
INTO
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
347
5.1
INTRODUCTION
.
347
5.2
CONTRIBUTIONS
OF
RENAISSANCE
SCHOLARSHIP
TO
MEDICINE
AND
HEALTH
.
352
5.2.1 BUILDING
A
MORE
ACCURATE
PICTURE
OF
HUMAN ANATOMY
.
352
XVI
CONTENTS
5.2.2 CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
.
355
5.2.3
RESPIRATION
AND
GAS EXCHANGE
.
368
5.2.4
MUSCLE FUNCTION
.
377
5.3
DEVELOPMENT
OF
SCHOOLS
OF
HEALTH
SCIENCE
AND
THE
REGULATION
OF
MEDICAL
QUALIFICATIONS
.
382
5.3.1
ACADEMIC
RECOGNITION
.
383
5.3.2
PATTERN
OF
INSTRUCTION
.
384
5.3.3
OXFORD
AND
CAMBRIDGE
.
384
5.3.4
PISA
.
385
5.3.5
PAVIA
.
386
5.3.6
LEIDEN
.
386
5.3.7
LONDON
.
386
5.3.8
SCOTLAND
.
390
5.3.9
MONTPELLIER
.
390
5.3.10
BOLOGNA
.
391
5.3.11
PARIS
.
391
5.4
PUBLIC HEALTH
AND
HYGIENE
.
392
5.4.1
THE GREAT
PLAGUE
OF
LONDON
.
392
5.4.2
EUROPEAN BOARDS
OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
.
394
5.4.3
THEORIES
ON
THE
SOURCE
OF
EPIDEMICS
.
394
5.4.4
INTRODUCTION
OF
COTTON CLOTHING
.
395
5.4.5
APPEARANCE
OF
THE
TOOTHBRUSH
.
395
5.4.6
CONTROL
OF
FOOD
SUPPLY
.
396
5.4.7
MEASURES ADOPTED BY HOUSEWIVES
.
396
5.4.8
ASSESSMENT
OF
OVERALL POPULATION
HEALTH
.
396
5.5 ATTITUDES
OF
KINGS
AND
SCHOLARS
TO
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
397
5.5.1
HENRY VIII
.
397
5.5.2 QUEEN
ELIZABETH I
.
398
5.5.3
JAMES
I
.
399
5.5.4
CHARLES
I
.
401
5.5.5
THE PURITAN
COMMONWEALTH IN
BRITAIN
.
402
5.5.6
PILGRIM FATHERS
.
403
5.5.7
LUTHER
.
404
5.5.8
CALVIN
.
405
5.5.9
KNOX
.
405
5.5.10
RABELAIS
.
406
5.5.11
LEONARDO DA
VINCI
.
406
5.5.12
MICHELANGELO
.
407
5.6
ATTITUDES
OF
PHYSICIANS
TOWARDS PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
AND
FITNESS
.
408
5.6.1
MENDEZ
.
408
5.6.2
CASTIGLIONE
.
408
5.6.3
MERCURIALE
.
409
CONTENTS
XVII
5.6.4
PARE
.
410
5.6.5 JOUBERT
.
411
5.6.6 DUCHESNE
.
411
5.6.7 CAGMATIS
.
412
5.6.8 COGAN
.
412
5.7
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
AND
EDUCATIONAL
CURRICULA
.
412
5.7.1
PETRARCA (PETRARCH)
.
413
5.7.2 DA
FELTRE
.
414
5.7.3
ALBERTI
.
415
5.7.4 VEGIO
.
416
5.7.5
RICHARD
MULCASTER
.
416
5.7.6 BURTON
.
417
5.7.7 MONTAIGNE
.
418
5.8
HEALTH, FITNESS
AND
THE
UNIVERSITIES
.
419
5.8.1 STUBBES
.
419
5.8.2
DALTON
.
420
5.8.3
POLICIES
ON
SPORT
AT
THE
UNIVERSITIES
OF
CAMBRIDGE
AND
OXFORD
.
420
5.8.4 SPORTS
POLICIES
OF
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES
.
421
5.9
CHANGING
PATTERNS
OF
SPORT
AND
HABITUAL PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
DURING
THE
RENAISSANCE
.
422
5.9.1 SPORTS
.
422
5.9.2
HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
.
433
REFERENCES
.
437
6
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT:
THE IMPACT
OF
REASON
AND
RELIGION
UPON
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
IN
A
PERIOD
OF
URBAN
GROWTH
AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION
.
447
6.1
BACKGROUND
TO THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
.
447
6.2
CONTRIBUTIONS
OF
THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
TO
SCIENCE,
MEDICINE
AND
HEALTH
.
449
6.2.1
DEVELOPMENT
OF
SCHOOLS
OF
HEALTH
SCIENCE
.
450
6.3
NEW KNOWLEDGE
OF
THE
CIRCULATION, RESPIRATION
AND
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
.
454
6.3.1 CIRCULATION
.
454
6.3.2
RESPIRATION
.
463
6.3.3 MUSCLE
.
474
6.4
ATTITUDES
OF
SCHOLARS, CHURCH
LEADERS
AND
PHYSICIANS
TOWARDS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
AND
HEALTH
.
480
6.4.1 SCHOLARS
.
481
6.4.2 CHURCH
LEADERS
.
493
6.4.3
PHYSICIANS
AND
PROPONENTS
OF
"ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE"
.
498
XVIII
CONTENTS
6.5
PUBLIC HEALTH
AND
HYGIENE
.
517
6.5.1
PROVISION
OF
CLEAN
WATER
.
518
6.5.2 SEWAGE
AND
GARBAGE
.
519
6.5.3
AVERAGE LIFESPAN
.
519
6.6
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
.
520
6.6.1 ENLIGHTENMENT SCHOOLS
.
521
6.6.2
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHERS
.
523
6.7
HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
AND
FITNESS
.
527
6.7.1
ACTIVITY PATTERNS
OF
TRADITIONAL FARMERS
.
527
6.7.2
DEVELOPMENT
OF
HIGHWAYS
AND
TURNPIKES
.
529
6.7.3
THE ADVENT
OF
WATER POWER
.
532
6.7.4
THE INTRODUCTION
OF
STEAM POWER
.
534
6.7.5
PHYSICAL FITNESS
AND
OBESITY
.
534
6.8
PATTERNS
OF
SPORT
AND
RECREATION
.
537
6.8.1
EQUINE
SPORTS
.
537
6.8.2
WATER SPORTS
.
538
6.8.3
BOXING
.
540
6.8.4
LACROSSE
.
541
6.8.5
DANCING
.
541
6.8.6 STROLLING
.
541
6.8.7 SEDENTARY
RECREATION
.
543
REFERENCES
.
548
7 THE VICTORIAN ERA:
THE BIRTH
OF
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES
AND
THE
BLOSSOMING
OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
.
559
7.1
BACKGROUND
TO THE
VICTORIAN ERA
.
559
7.2 SCIENTIFIC
ADVANCES
IN
THE
VICTORIAN ERA
.
561
7.2.1 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES
.
561
7.2.2 POSITIVISM,
ANTI-POSITIVISM
AND
CRITICAL
THEORY
.
565
7.2.3
NEW KNOWLEDGE
OF
THE
CIRCULATION
.
567
7.2.4 NEW KNOWLEDGE
OF
RESPIRATION
.
578
7.2.5 TISSUE
RESPIRATION
.
583
7.2.6 MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
.
588
7.2.7 EVOLUTION
.
588
7.2.8 MICROBIOLOGY
AND
EPIDEMIOLOGY
.
594
7.3
VIEWS
OF
VICTORIAN
SCHOLARS
CONCERNING
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
598
7.3.1 HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS
.
598
7.3.2 THEOLOGIANS
AND
SOCIAL DARWINISTS
.
610
7.3.3 PHILOSOPHERS,
POLITICIANS
AND
PROMINENT
AUTHORS
.
612
7.3.4 STATESMEN
.
622
7.3.5 THE VOICE
OF
WOMEN
.
626
CONTENTS
XIX
8
7.4
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
TRENDS
IN
VICTORIAN SOCIETY
.
627
7.4.1
INDUSTRY
AND
AGRICULTURE
.
627
7.4.2 DOMESTIC
ACTIVITIES
.
628
7.4.3 TRANSPORTATION
TECHNOLOGY
.
629
7.5
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
.
630
7.5.1 GERMANY
.
631
7.5.2 DENMARK
.
637
7.5.3 SWEDEN
.
639
7.5.4
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
.
641
7.5.5 SWITZERLAND
.
642
7.5.6
FRANCE
.
643
7.5.7 ENGLAND
.
646
7.5.8 UNITED STATES
.
651
7.5.9 CANADA
.
657
7.6
SPORTS,
RECREATION
AND
ENTERTAINMENT
.
661
7.6.1 SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS
AND
ASSOCIATIONS
.
661
7.6.2 SPORTS
AND
ENTERTAINMENT
.
670
7.6.3
SEDENTARY
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
.
684
7.7
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
686
7.7.1
PUBLIC HEALTH
.
686
7.7.2 PHYSICAL FITNESS
.
695
REFERENCES
.
699
THE
MODERN
ERA: BLOSSOMING
OF
THE
OLYMPIC
MOVEMENT
AND
THE
CONQUEST
OF
ACUTE
DISEASE
.
715
8.1
BACKGROUND
TO THE
MODERN ERA
.
715
8.2
SCIENTIFIC
PROGRESS
DURING
THE
MODERN
ERA
.
716
8.2.1
NEW KNOWLEDGE
OF
THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
.
717
8.2.2
NEW KNOWLEDGE
OF
THE
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
.
719
8.2.3
NEW KNOWLEDGE
OF
HAEMATOLOGY
AND
EXERCISE
IMMUNOLOGY
.
727
8.2.4 ASSESSMENTS
OF
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
AND
FITNESS
.
729
8.2.5 THE GROWING
INTEREST
IN
BODY
BUILD
.
744
8.2.6
INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
AND
RESPONSES
TO
EXERCISE
IN
EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS
.
748
8.3
POLITICIANS
AND
GOVERNMENTAL
POLICIES
ON
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
757
8.3.1 GERMANY
.
757
8.3.2
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
IN
ITALY
.
762
8.3.3
RUSSIA
.
766
8.3.4
FRANCE
.
768
8.3.5
BRITAIN
.
773
8.3.6
UNITED STATES
.
781
8.3.7
CANADA
.
785
XX
CONTENTS
8.4 VIEWS
OF
AUTHORS
AND
PHILOSOPHERS
ON
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
792
8.4.1 AUTHORS
.
792
8.4.2 PHILOSOPHERS
.
798
8.5
HEALTH
.
802
8.5.1
DEMOGRAPHICS
AND
BIRTH
CONTROL
.
803
8.5.2 NUTRITION
.
805
8.5.3 ACUTE
INFECTIONS
.
807
8.5.4 CHRONIC CONDITIONS
.
810
8.5.5 RADIO, TELEVISION
AND
HEALTH EDUCATION
.
818
8.5.6
RACISM
AND
EUGENICS
.
819
8.5.7
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
.
820
8.6 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
.
822
8.7
TRENDS
OF
FITNESS
AND
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
DURING
THE
MODEM
ERA
.
823
8.7.1 INITIATIVES ADDRESSED
MAINLY
TO
WOMEN
.
823
8.7.2
NATIONAL EMPHASES
IN
FITNESS, PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
AND
SPORT
.
829
8.8
MAJOR
SPORT
DURING
THE
MODEM
ERA
.
842
8.8.1
NATIONAL
AND
INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS
.
842
8.8.2 OPPORTUNITIES
FOR
FEMALE
PARTICIPATION
.
844
8.8.3
DOPING
OF
ATHLETES
AND
ITS
CONTROL
.
853
8.9 SPORTS MEDICINE
.
858
8.9.1 TEXTBOOKS
.
858
8.9.2
PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
.
859
8.10 SPORT
AND
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
.
864
8.10.1
PAID HOLIDAYS
.
865
8.10.2
SWIMMING
POOLS
AND
AQUATIC EVENTS
.
867
8.10.3 OTHER SPORTS
AND
ACTIVITIES
COMING
TO
PROMINENCE
IN
THE
MODEM
ERA
.
871
8.10.4
OUTDOOR
RECREATION
.
875
8.10.5 SEDENTARY ACTIVITIES
.
878
REFERENCES
.
881
9 THE
POST-MODERN ERA:
CHRONIC
DISEASE
AND
THE
ONSLAUGHT
OF
A
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE
.
903
9.1
BACKGROUND
TO
THE
"POST-MODERN"
ERA
.
903
9.2
THE IMPACT
OF
NEW TECHNOLOGY
UPON
OUR UNDERSTANDING
OF
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
904
9.2.1 DEVELOPMENTS IN RESPIRATORY
PHYSIOLOGY
AND
STUDIES
OF
METABOLISM
.
905
9.2.2
DEVELOPMENTS IN
CARDIOLOGY
.
912
CONTENTS
XXI
9.2.3
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
UNDERSTANDING
OF
MUSCLE FUNCTION
.
920
9.2.4 DEVELOPMENTS
IN
THE
DETERMINATION
OF
OTHER BODY TISSUES
.
923
9.2.5
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
UNDERSTANDING
OF
THE
IMMUNE RESPONSE
TO
EXERCISE
.
924
9.2.6 GENETICS
OF
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
927
9.2.7 ADAPTATIONS
TO
EXERCISE
IN CHALLENGING
ENVIRONMENTS
.
930
9.3 ATTITUDES
OF
GOVERNMENTS
AND
POLITICAL LEADERS
.
936
9.3.1 UNITED
STATES
.
936
9.3.2 CANADA
.
945
9.4 HEALTH
IN
THE
POST-MODERN
ERA
.
952
9.4.1 LIFE EXPECTANCY
.
953
9.4.2
GOVERNMENTAL EMPHASIS
UPON
PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
.
954
9.4.3
PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
OF
HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
PERSONNEL
.
956
9.4.4 EPIDEMIOLOGY,
CHRONIC DISEASE
AND
PHYSICAL
INACTIVITY
.
960
9.4.5 IMPROVEMENTS
IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
.
963
9.4.6 REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES
.
967
9.4.7 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
IN
PUBLIC
HEALTH
.
970
9.5 FITNESS
AND
TRAINING
.
975
9.5.1
FACTORS
STIMULATING
AND
SUSTAINING
A
RENEWED
INTEREST
IN
PHYSICAL
FITNESS
.
975
9.5.2 TESTING
AND
SCREENING PROTOCOLS
.
979
9.5.3
POPULATION
SURVEYS
OF
FITNESS
AND
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
.
983
9.5.4 NEW TRAINING TECHNIQUES
.
987
9.5.5
ENHANCING
FITNESS
BY
WORK-SITE
PROGRAMMES
.
989
9.5.6 FITNESS REQUIREMENTS
OF
PHYSICALLY DEMANDING
OCCUPATIONS
.
994
9.5.7
FITNESS
AND
AGING
.
996
9.5.8
MOTIVATIONAL
AWARDS
.
997
9.5.9 MOTIVATIONAL
AGENCIES
.
998
9.5.10 PHYSICAL DEMANDS
OF A
HUNTER-GATHERER
LIFESTYLE
.
1002
9.6
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PROGRAMMES
.
1003
9.6.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL
IMPACT
.
1004
9.6.2 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
.
1005
9.6.3 LONG-TERM IMPACT
OF
ENHANCED PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
.
1006
XXII
CONTENTS
9.7
SPORT
AND
LEISURE
.
1006
9.7.1
GOVERNMENTAL INVOLVEMENT
.
1007
9.7.2
SPORTS PARTICIPATION
.
1010
9.7.3
PROFESSIONAL
ASSOCIATIONS
AND
JOURNALS
.
1010
9.7.4
INTRODUCTION
OF
NEW
SPORTS
.
1013
9.8 OLYMPIC GAMES
AND
COMPETITIVE
SPORT
.
1024
9.8.1
FEMALE
PARTICIPATION
IN COMPETITIVE
SPORT
.
1025
9.8.2
LOSS
OF
AMATEUR
IDEALISM
.
1027
9.8.3
THE
CHANGING NATURE
OF
ATHLETIC
COMPETITION
.
1028
9.8.4
CURRENT
ECONOMIC
COSTS
AND
BENEFITS
OF
OLYMPIC COMPETITION
.
1038
9.8.5 OTHER COMPETITIVE GAMES
.
1041
REFERENCES
.
1044
10 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN HEALTH
AND
FITNESS
.
1065
10.1
INTRODUCTION
.
1065
10.2
HEALTH
.
1065
10.2.1
LIFE
EXPECTANCY
.
1065
10.2.2
CHANGING GOVERNMENT HEALTH POLICIES
.
1067
10.2.3 NEW
HEALTH CHALLENGES
.
1067
10.3
FITNESS
AND
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
.
1069
10.3.1
LOSS
OF
THE
MILITARY
IMPERATIVE
.
1069
10.3.2 THE
GROWING
INFLUENCE
OF
ROBOTS
AND
HOME OFFICES
.
1070
10.3.3 MOTIVATION
TO
REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
.
1070
10.3.4 FITNESS TESTING
AND
PROGRAMME SAFETY
.
1071
10.3.5 OCCUPATIONAL
FITNESS
REQUIREMENTS
BEYOND
65 YEARS
OF
AGE
.
1072
10.4
PHYSICAL EDUCATION,
EXERCISE
SCIENCE
AND
SPORT MANAGEMENT
.
1073
10.5 SPORT
.
1074
REFERENCES
.
1075 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Shephard, Roy J. |
| author_facet | Shephard, Roy J. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Shephard, Roy J. |
| author_variant | r j s rj rjs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042323632 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)903050357 (DE-599)DNB105683692X |
| discipline | Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft |
| era | Geschichte Anfänge-2014 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte Anfänge-2014 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV042323632 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-03T02:07:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783319116709 3319116703 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027760510 |
| oclc_num | 903050357 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-210 |
| physical | XXII, 1077 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Springer International Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Studies in History and Philosophy of Science |
| series2 | Studies in History and Philosophy of Science |
| spelling | Shephard, Roy J. Verfasser aut An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World Roy J. Shephard Cham [u.a.] Springer International Publishing 2015 XXII, 1077 S. Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 39 Geschichte Anfänge-2014 gnd rswk-swf Körperliche Aktivität (DE-588)4164439-6 gnd rswk-swf Sportmedizin (DE-588)4056405-8 gnd rswk-swf Fitness (DE-588)4071235-7 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd rswk-swf Research WS Health and Fitness in Prehistory Obesity Epidemic Universal Health Care Athletic Abuses Puritan Influences Health as a Gift of the Gods School Sports Exercise Science Exercise Motivation Chivalrous Sports Physical Education Herbal Remedies Ritualized Sport Future of Health and Fitness Spectator Sport Hunter-gatherers Olympic Games Körperliche Aktivität (DE-588)4164439-6 s Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 s Geschichte Anfänge-2014 z DE-604 Fitness (DE-588)4071235-7 s Sportmedizin (DE-588)4056405-8 s Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 39 (DE-604)BV021235860 39 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4760933&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027760510&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Shephard, Roy J. An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Körperliche Aktivität (DE-588)4164439-6 gnd Sportmedizin (DE-588)4056405-8 gnd Fitness (DE-588)4071235-7 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164439-6 (DE-588)4056405-8 (DE-588)4071235-7 (DE-588)4020754-7 |
| title | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World |
| title_auth | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World |
| title_exact_search | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World |
| title_full | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World Roy J. Shephard |
| title_fullStr | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World Roy J. Shephard |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World Roy J. Shephard |
| title_short | An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World |
| title_sort | an illustrated history of health and fitness from pre history to our post modern world |
| topic | Körperliche Aktivität (DE-588)4164439-6 gnd Sportmedizin (DE-588)4056405-8 gnd Fitness (DE-588)4071235-7 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Körperliche Aktivität Sportmedizin Fitness Gesundheit |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4760933&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027760510&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021235860 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shephardroyj anillustratedhistoryofhealthandfitnessfromprehistorytoourpostmodernworld |