Christianity in Roman Africa: the development of its practices and beliefs
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Grand Rapids, Mich. [u.a.]
Eerdmans
2014
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | LIII, 670 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9780802869319 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Christianity in Roman Africa |b the development of its practices and beliefs |c J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen. In coll. with Graeme W. Clarke, Susan T. Stevens, William Tabbernee, Maureen A. Tilley |
| 264 | 1 | |a Grand Rapids, Mich. [u.a.] |b Eerdmans |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a LIII, 670 S. |b Ill. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text |
Contents
List of
Illustrations
xx
Preface
xxvii
Abbreviations
xxix
Summary of Events
xxxvii
Map of Roman Africa
xlii
Key to Cities and Provinces in the Map
xliv
introduction
xlv
Practice and Theology
xlvi
A Theological School
xlvi
A Practical Theology of the Church
xlviii
Correlation with Practice
xlviii
Archeologica!
and Literary Evidence
xlix
Second and Third Centuries I
Fourth and Fifth Centuries ii
The Vandal Era
lii
The Byzantine Period
lii
The Structure of This Book Hi
CONTENTS
ι.
Christianity in North Africa to Diocletian
1
Background
1
Geographical Spread
3
Persecution
7
18O-249 C.E.
7
Persecution under Decius,
250/251
c.e.
12
Summary
12
The Orders
15
Implementation of the Orders
16
The Victims
18
Persecution under
Gallus
20
Persecution under Valerian and Gallienus,
257-260
c.e.
22
Dionysius of Alexandria
22
Cyprian
23
Further Implementation
24
Disciplinary and Doctrinal Disputes
26
Christian Literature
30
2.
The Christian Imperial Period: Diocletian to the Vandals
35
From Diocletian to
Constantine
35
Diocletian's Reforms
35
The Persecution of Christians
38
Constantine
and His Sons
42
The Liberation of Christianity
42
Religious
Non-
Conformists
45
Manichees
45
Novatianists
46
Tertullianists
47
Donatists
47
Julian to the Vandals
51
Stability Once More
52
Destabilization and Suppression
53
Renewed Conflict between Caecilianists and Donatists
54
The Pelagian Controversy
57
Arians
and Vandals
58
VI CONTENTS
3.
Fifth-Century Conflicts: Vandal
Arians
and African Nicenes
6
1
The Vandal Conquest of Roman Africa
61
The Vandal Kingdom in Africa
64
The Religious Conflict
67
Vandal
Arianism
67
Repression ofNicene Christianity
69
The Vandal Imprint
75
Byzantine Africa
75
Justinian's Conquest
75
Byzantine Orthodoxy
77
African Resistance to Justinian
78
Donatism
80
The Final Debate
82
Arab Africa
84
4.
Survey of the Archeological Evidence for Christian Practice
87
History and Overview of the Evidence
87
Types of Ecclesial Structures
92
Dating the Remains
95
Characteristics of African Basilicas
98
Liturgical Furniture (Altars, Screens, and Pulpits)
101
Baptismal Architecture
103
Multiple Baptisteries in a Single Urban Area
105
Baptistery Placement and Construction
106
Font Shapes, Sizes, and Depths
108
Mosaic Decoration of Baptisteries and Fonts
111
Additional Structures and Apparatus
112
Archeological Evidence Pertaining to the Cult of Saints
113
Burial ad
Sonetos
118
Architectural Evidence for Christian Burial
120
Cemeteries and Cemetery Churches
124
Funerary Banquet or Offering Tables (Mensae)
126
Mosaic Tomb Covers
128
Ecclesial Structures in Selected Cities
131
Basilica of Castellum Tingitanum (Chief or
Orléansville)
131
VII
CONTENTS
lhe
Churches of Carthage
1
34
The Caecilianist Cathedral of Carthage
142
Basilica Maiorum
144
Memoria
Cypriani (Basilica of the Mappalia)
145
The Churches of Sufetula
147
The Church of
Bellator
149
The Chapel ofjucundus
150
The Basilica of
Vitalis
150
The Church of
Servus
152
The Basilica (or
Martyrium)
of Saints Sylvanius and
Fortunatus
153
The Basilica of Saints Gervasius, Protasius, and Tryphon
154
Other Basilicas
154
The Chapel of Bishop Honorius (in the Region of Sufetula)
155
The Ecclesial Complex at Hippo Regius
155
The Baptistery at Hippo Regius
159
Thamugadi and the Cathedral of Optatus
160
Conclusion
162
5.
Becoming a Christian: The Ritual of Baptism
165
Introduction
165
Baptismal Practice in Tertullian's Time
166
The Rejection of Idolatry
166
The Catechumenate
168
The Ritual
169
Age of Candidates for Baptism
171
Ministers of the Sacrament
17
1
Baptism in Extraordinary Circumstances
171
Baptismal Space, Time, and Elements
172
Images of Baptism: Biblical Typologies
172
Disputed Issues
173
Irregular or Heretical Baptism
173
The Baptism offohn
174
Repeating Baptism
174
Baptism and Martyrdom
175
Conclusion
1
75
Baptism in Cyprian's Time
176
VIII
CONTENTS
The Ritual
1
77
Infant Baptism
179
The Worthy Minister
180
Baptism and Martyrdom
182
Emergency Baptism
182
Images of Baptism
184
Baptismal Spaces
184
The Maternal Church
184
Disputed Issues
186
The Power to Baptize
186
The Rebaptism Controversy
187
Conclusion
190
Baptism in the Treatise on Rebaptism
191
The Ritual
191
Contribution to the Controversy
192
Conclusion
194
The Controversy over Baptism in the Fourth Century
195
The Donatist Schism
1
95
Optatus of Milevis
198
The Revolt against Primian
200
Conclusion
201
Baptism in Augustine's Time
201
The Ritual
201
Enrollment of Catechumens
202
Lenten Preparation
204
Holy Week and Baptism at the Easter Vigil
208
The Baptismal Washing
208
Anointing and Imposition of Hands
210
Entrance into the Church
211
Subsequent Instruction
211
Foot Washing
212
Infant Baptism
212
Emergency Baptism
213
Ministers of the Sacrament
213
A Theology of Baptism
214
Conclusion
219
IX CONTENTS
General
Observations
220
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
220
The Decoration of Fonts
221
Shapes, Sizes, and Depths of Fonts
222
Placement of Baptisteries
223
Multiple Fonts
223
Privacy of the Ritual
224
Correlation of Theology and Practice
224
Rebaptism
224
The Power to Sanctify
226
Unity of the Ritual
229
Baptism of Infants
229
Transition
230
6.
Living in Peace: The Celebration of Word and Eucharist
233
Introduction
233
Word and Eucharist in Tertullian's Time
234
The Ritual
234
Readings
235
Prayer
236
Kiss of Peace
237
Offering
237
Times of Celebration
239
The Evening Agape
240
The Morning Ritual
241
Presiders
242
Food Elements
24З
Additional Issues
244
Purity
244
Excommunication
245
Conclusion
245
Word and Eucharist in Cyprian's Time
246
The Ritual
247
Readings
247
Prayer and Kiss of Peace
248
Offering
249
X CONTENTS
Evening
Agape
and Morning Assembly
251
Presiders
252
Food Elements
252
Additional Issues
254
Priesthood and Sacrifice
2 54
Eucharist and Martyrdom
255
Excommunication
256
Purity
257
Images of the Eucharist
258
Conclusion
259
Word and Eucharist in Augustine's Time
261
The Ritual
262
Entrance Procession
262
Readings and Preaching
2 63
Dismissal
265
Prayers
265
Presentation and Preparation of Gifts
265
Eucharistie
Prayer and Distribution
2 66
Ending
268
Daily Eucharist
269
The Lectionary
269
Preaching
271
The Congregation
272
Fasting before Eucharist
273
Eucharistie
Theology
274
Theology of Priesthood
282
Theology of Preaching
284
Conclusion
286
General Observations
287
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
287
Church Furnishings
287
Correlation of Theology and Practice
289
From Evening Agape to Morning Eucharist
2 89
Eucharist as Sacrifice
290
Preaching and Predestination
291
The Role of the Clergy
291
Transition
293
XI CONTENTS
7-
Keeping the Church Pure: Excluding and Readmitting Sinners
295
Introduction
295
The Practice of Penance in Tertullian's Time
296
Structure of the Ritual
297
Using the Ritual of Repentance
299
Access to the Ritual
300
Withholding the Ritual
301
The Penitential Works
301
Forgiveness through Martyrdom
302
The Development of Penitential Discipline
303
The New Prophecy
304
Episcopal Innovation
308
The Power to Forgive Sins
309
Conclusion
311
The Practice of Penance in Cyprian's Time
31
3
The Ritual of Penance
314
Using the Ritual of Penance
318
Reconciliation of Penitents before Death
320
Alternate Forms of Penance
3 21
Repentance by the Clergy
322
Forgiveness through Martyrdom
323
The Forgiveness of Daily Sins
324
The Power of the Church to Forgive Sins 324
The Authority and Power of the Bishop
326
Integration into the Community
328
The Communion of the Church
330
The Purity of the Church
ЗЗО
Conclusion
331
The
Donatisi
Practice of Penance
332
The Practice of Penance in Augustine's Time
333
Types of Sin
334
Rebuke and Correction
337
The Rituals: Daily Private Penance
337
The Rituals: Formal Public Penance
339
The Rituals: Penance Performed in Secret
341
The Rituals: Reception of Those Baptized without True Conversion
343
XII
CONTENTS
Penance for the Clergy
344
Penitential Works
345
The Necessity of the Ritual of Reconciliation
347
The Power to Forgive and the Efficacy of Penance
349
Intercession of the Martyrs
352
Conclusion
353
General Observations
354
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
354
Placement of the Penitents
354
Correlation of Theology and Practice
355
The Power to Forgive Sins
356
Sins the Church Could Not Forgive
358
Ritualizing Repentance
359
The Rituals of Reconciliation
360
Transition
361
8.
Leadership: The Clergy and the Sacrament of Orders
363
Introduction
363
The Clergy in Tertullian's Time
364
Clerical Ranks
364
Clerical Life
365
Clergy as Governing Officers
366
Status of Martyrs and Confessors
368
Spiritual Prophets
369
Lay Elders
369
Conclusion
370
The Clergy in Cyprian's Time
370
Clerical Offices
370
Subdeacons, Acolytes, Readers, and Exorcists
370
Deacons
372
Presbyters
373
Bishops
375
Electing and Rejecting a Bishop
375
Authority of the Bishop
378
Appointment and Discipline of Other Clergy
379
The Martyrs
381
XIII
CONTENTS
Prophets and Visionaries
382
Lay Elders
383
Apostolic Succession and the Episcopal College
384
Episcopal Synods
386
Primate Bishops
387
Conclusion
388
The Clergy during the Fourth Century
389
The
Donatisi
Schism
389
Clerical Office
391
Lay Elders
392
Episcopal Synods
396
Orders as a Sacrament
397
Assimilating Schismatic Clergy
398
Conclusion
401
The Clergy in Augustine's Time
402
Clerical Offices
402
Doorkeepers
402
Acolytes
403
Readers
403
Subdeacons
404
Deacons
404
Presbyters
405
Bishops
407
Lay Elders
409
The Selection and Ordination of Clergy
411
Clerical Life
415
The Organization of the Episcopate
417
Provincial Organization
417
Structure of the African Church
419
Disciplining Clerics
420
The Sacrament of Orders and the Status of the Clergy
424
The Sacrament of Orders
425
Theology of the Episcopate
428
The Status of the Clergy
430
Conclusion
431
General Observations
432
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
432
XIV
CONTENTS
Correlation of Theology and Practice
434
!j.
Authority and Power
435
Acceptance of Schismatic Clergy
436
Episcopal College
437
l'I
Conclusion
438
|
9.
Forms of Christian Life: Marriage, Virginity, and Widowhood
441
Introduction
441
Marital Practice in Tertullian'sTime
442
і
.;
The Rituals
445
Virginity
446
Widowhood
446
j
Theology of Marriage
448
i j
Conclusion
450
"'j
Marital Practice in Cyprian's Time
451
Í I
The Rituals
451
i
. ■
Family Life
451
!
j
Virginity
452
í
Widowhood
454
1 ;
Conclusion
455
Marital Practice in Augustine's Time
455
j
Forms of Marriage
455
Family Relationships
460
;
Virginity
463
;
i
i
Widowhood
467
Theology of Marriage
468
■
i
The Unity of Human Society
469
Procreation
471
The Competition of the Ages
474
i
:
i
!
J
The Bond of Marriage
475
The Sacrament or Sign
476
Theology of Virginity
478
І
j
Theology of Widowhood
481
I
!
Conclusion
482
¡
General Observations
484
i
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
484
i
XV CONTENTS
Correlation of Theology and Practice
486
The Bond of Unity and the Generation of Children
486
Integrating Consecrated Virgins into the Church
487
The Changing Status of Widows
Conclusion
10.
The Ending of Christian Life: Death and Burial
491
Introduction
491
The Rituals of Death in Tertullian's Time
491
Preparation for Death
492
The Rituals of Burial
492
The Condition of the Dead
494
Conclusion
496
The Rituals of Death in Cyprian's Time 496
Mortality
496
Preparation for Death
497
Burial
498
Mourning and Commemorating the Dead
498
The Condition of the Dead
499
Conclusion
500
The Rituals of Dying in Augustine's Time
500
Mortality
501
Preparation for Death
502
The Funeral Ritual
503
Mourning
505
Tombs
506
The Condition of the Dead
509
Commemoration of the Dead
5 1 2
Conclusion
513
General Observations
514
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
514
Correlation of Theology and Practice
515
Prayer for the Dead
515
Tombs and the Resurrection
517
Transition
517
XVI
CONTENTS
її.
Honoring the Victorious Heroes: The Cult of the Martyrs
5
1
g
Introduction
51g
Martyrs before Systematic Persecution
520
Systematic Persecution in Cyprian's Time
521
The Diocletian Persecution
523
Acta
and Passiones of the Martyrs
524
Relics
52g
Burial ad Sanctos
530
Shrines
530
Dedications
532
Conclusion
532
The Fifth and Following Centuries
533
Calendar of Festivals
534
Festivals
535
Purpose of the Cult
538
True and False Martyrs
541
Burial ad Sanctos
543
Miracles at the Shrines
545
Conclusion
548
General Observations
548
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
548
Correlation of Theology and Practice
54g
Role of the Martyrs
549
True and False Martyrdom
550
The Martyr's Victory
551
Adaptation of the Meaning of Witness to Christ
551
12.
Pious Practices of Christian Living
553
Introduction
553
Praying Together and Alone
554
Tertullian
554
Cyprian
556
Augustine
557
Conclusion
563
Controlling Bodily Appetite by Fasting
563
XVII
CONTENTS
Tertullian
56З
Cyprian
5б5
Augustine
566
The Practice of Fasting
566
The Meaning of Fasting
568
Conclusion
569
Sharing Property and Income
Tertullian
Cyprian
571
Augustine
576
Conclusion
58O
Confessing Christ
58I
Tertullian
582
Prohibited Practices
582
Accepted Practices
58З
Disputed Practices
584
Cyprian
586
Prohibited Practices
586
Accepted Practices
588
Fourth-Century Witnesses
59O
Augustine
593
Disputed Practices
593
Prohibited Practices
594
Recommended Practices
595
Conclusion
596
General Observations
596
Correlation of Archeological and Literary Evidence
596
Correlation of Theology and Practice
597
Prayer
597
Fasting
598
Almsgiving
598
Confessing Christ
599
13.
The Church and Its Holiness
601
Introduction
601
Tertullian: Rejecting Idolatry and Adhering to Christ
601
XVIII
CONTENTS
Cyprian: Rejecting Schism in a United Church
603
The Donatists: Rejecting Apostasy in a Pure Church
606
Optatus of Milevis: Divine Operation Sanctifies Christians
609
Augustine: Christ Sanctifies His Ecclesial Body
610
Controversial Writings
611
Pastoral Writings
614
Conclusion
620
Bibliography
622
Index of Persons and Groups
643
Index of Places and Monuments
651
Index of Subjects
658
XIX
CONTENTS |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Burns, J. Patout 1939- Jensen, Robin Margaret 1952- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1027296386 (DE-588)143009087 |
| author_facet | Burns, J. Patout 1939- Jensen, Robin Margaret 1952- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Burns, J. Patout 1939- |
| author_variant | j p b jp jpb r m j rm rmj |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042239279 |
| classification_rvk | BT 7320 BO 2340 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1059616 (OCoLC)903087810 (DE-599)OBVAC12072610 |
| discipline | Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| era | Kirchengeschichte gnd Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Kirchengeschichte Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Afrikanische Provinzen (DE-588)4782989-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Afrikanische Provinzen |
| id | DE-604.BV042239279 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:50:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780802869319 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027677440 |
| oclc_num | 903087810 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-M491 DE-20 DE-29 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-M491 DE-20 DE-29 DE-11 |
| physical | LIII, 670 S. Ill. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1501 |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Eerdmans |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Burns, J. Patout 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1027296386 aut Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen. In coll. with Graeme W. Clarke, Susan T. Stevens, William Tabbernee, Maureen A. Tilley Grand Rapids, Mich. [u.a.] Eerdmans 2014 LIII, 670 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kirchengeschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Christentum (DE-588)4010074-1 gnd rswk-swf Afrikanische Provinzen (DE-588)4782989-8 gnd rswk-swf Nordafrika als Provinz (DE-2581)TH000004723 gbd Afrikanische Provinzen (DE-588)4782989-8 g Kirchengeschichte z DE-604 Christentum (DE-588)4010074-1 s Geschichte z Jensen, Robin Margaret 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)143009087 aut Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027677440&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Burns, J. Patout 1939- Jensen, Robin Margaret 1952- Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs Christentum (DE-588)4010074-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4010074-1 (DE-588)4782989-8 |
| title | Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs |
| title_auth | Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs |
| title_exact_search | Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs |
| title_full | Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen. In coll. with Graeme W. Clarke, Susan T. Stevens, William Tabbernee, Maureen A. Tilley |
| title_fullStr | Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen. In coll. with Graeme W. Clarke, Susan T. Stevens, William Tabbernee, Maureen A. Tilley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Christianity in Roman Africa the development of its practices and beliefs J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen. In coll. with Graeme W. Clarke, Susan T. Stevens, William Tabbernee, Maureen A. Tilley |
| title_short | Christianity in Roman Africa |
| title_sort | christianity in roman africa the development of its practices and beliefs |
| title_sub | the development of its practices and beliefs |
| topic | Christentum (DE-588)4010074-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Christentum Afrikanische Provinzen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027677440&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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