Moral aggregation:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2015
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Includes index |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 234 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199933686 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
xi
PART ONE
A THEORY OF AGGREGATION
1.
Why Aggregation?
3
1.1.
Aggregation in Ethics
3
1.2.
Example I
:
QALY Aggregation
8
1.3.
Example II: Taurek's Rescue Case
11
1.4.
The Structure of This Book
14
2.
The Structure of Aggregation
19
2.1.
Aggregation Defined
19
2.2.
What Is Aggregative and What Is Not?
25
2.3.
The Structure of Interpersonal Aggregation
31
2.3.1.
Interpersonal Comparability
32
2.3.2.
Impartiality
36
VII
CONTENTS
2.3.3. Pareto 38
2.3.4.
Continuity
39
3. Formal and Substantive Aggregation 42
3.1.
Counterexample to
Interpersonal
Aggregation: The World Cup
Case
42
3.2.
Hidden Assumptions
46
3.3- Substantive and Formal
Aggregation.
51
3.4. Formal
Aggregation in Perspective
59
4.
Aggregation and the Separateness of Persons
64
4.1.
The Separateness of Persons: Rawls's
Strict Account
64
4.2.
The Wider Account
67
4.3.
Defusing the Wider Account
73
4.4.
The Separateness Objection
and Contractarianism
78
4.5-
Scanlon's Contractualism
84
5.
Intra-Personal Aggregation
89
5.1.
Who Supports Intra-Personal Aggregation?
89
5.2.
The Structure of Intra-Personal Aggregation
92
5.3·
The Objection to Intra-Personal Continuity
96
5-4.
The Objection to Temporal Symmetry
98
PART TWO
THE NUMBER PROBLEM
6.
Taurek's Argument for the Coin-Toss
109
6.1.
Taurek and the Rescue Case
109
VIII
CONTENTS
6.2. Taurek ( 1 ) :
The Permissibility
Claim 112
6.3. Taurek (2): The No-Worse Claim 115
6.4. Taurek (3) :
The Equal Respect
Claim 119
6.5.
Two Remarks on Taurek's Argument
122
6.6.
Critics of Aggregation (l): Nozick
125
6.7.
Critics of Aggregation
(2):
Rawls
128
6.8.
Critics of Aggregation
(З):
Nagel 131
6.9.
Three Solutions and Many Intuitions
135
7.
Four Responses
140
7.1.
How to Deal with Taurek's Claim?
140
7.2.
Kavka
on Taurek
142
7.3.
The Kamm-Scanlon Argument
147
7.4.
Kamm's Argument for Best Outcomes
161
7.5.
Schelling's Probabilistic Argument
168
8.
Irrelevant Utilities and Formal Aggregation
177
8.1.
The Principle of Irrelevant Utilities
177
8.2.
The Objection to the Principle of
Irrelevant Utilities
184
8.3.
Taking Unfairness Seriously
188
8.4.
The Large-Scale Rescue Case Revisited
197
8.5.
The Force of Aggregation
200
9.
Weighted Lotteries
203
9.1.
The Third Proposal: Weighted Lotteries
203
9.2.
The Appeal of Weighted Lotteries
205
9.3.
The Procedure of Proportional
Chances: Two Criticisms
210
ix
CONTENTS
9.4. The General
Weighted Lotteries:
Two-Step Criticism
214
9.5.
An Additional Problem
218
Conclusion
220
Bibliography
225
Index
231
ome
ethical theories tolerate or
require aggregation
—
a trade¬
off between benefits to a group of
individuals and losses to another group
of individuals. Since aggregation is
эп
essential feature of utilitarianism, many
critics of utilitarianism
—
including John
Rawls, Thomas
Nagel.
T. M.
Scanion.
and others
—
rule out aggregation from
their proposed theories. However, critics
encounter what has become known as the
number problem
—
the problem that non-
aggregative theories are insensitive to the
number of people affected by actions even
in the cases where the number of people
is clearly relevant to what we ought to do.
In this book. Iwao Hirose elucidates the
theoretical nature of interpersonal and
intra
persona I aggregation and defends a
form of aggregation
—
formal aggregation,
as distinguished from substantive
aggregation in utilitarianism. Substantive
aggregation combines the morally relevant
factors that are determined prior to, anci
independently of, aggregative process
and identifies the goal to be pursued. In
contrast, formal aggregation represents
the overall ethical judgment in terms of
ïndüy/tduals'
morally relevant factors and
gives a structure to our ethical thinking.
H
irose
's
view of formal aggregation is
broader than substantive aggregation
and avoids problems for utilitarianism.
Furthermore, formal aggregation can
satisfy the demands of critics of the
conventional understanding of aggregation,
and is therefore more attractive than
substantive aggregation and the
unqualified rejection of aggregation.
Hirose's analysis thus elucidates the far-
reaching scope of aggregation and offers
a new insight to one of the fundamental
elements in ethical theory.
I
WAO
H
I RO
SE
is Associate
Professor in the Philosophy Department
and the School of Environment at
McGill University. He is the author of
Egal
itaria
nism
(2O14),
co-author of The
Ethics of Health Care Rationing (with Greg
Bognár, 20
1
A), and co-ed ¡tor of Weighing
and Reasoning (with Andrew Re
isner;
forthcoming from OUP) and The Oxford
Handbook of Value Theory (with Jonas
Olson; forthcoming from OUP). |
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| indexdate | 2024-09-23T16:14:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199933686 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIII, 234 S. |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hirose, Iwao 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)1063889006 aut Moral aggregation Iwao Hirose Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2015 XIII, 234 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes index Utilitarismus (DE-588)4137512-9 gnd rswk-swf Utilitarismus (DE-588)4137512-9 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027610458&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027610458&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Hirose, Iwao 1970- Moral aggregation Utilitarismus (DE-588)4137512-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137512-9 |
| title | Moral aggregation |
| title_auth | Moral aggregation |
| title_exact_search | Moral aggregation |
| title_full | Moral aggregation Iwao Hirose |
| title_fullStr | Moral aggregation Iwao Hirose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moral aggregation Iwao Hirose |
| title_short | Moral aggregation |
| title_sort | moral aggregation |
| topic | Utilitarismus (DE-588)4137512-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Utilitarismus |
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