Verfügbarkeit: A grammar of Assiniboine

A grammar of Assiniboine: a Siouan language of the Northern Plains

Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological L...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Cumberland, Linda A. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Abschlussarbeit Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Ann Arbor, MI Proquest 2005
Schlagworte:	Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboin Sprache Hochschulschrift
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Zusammenfassung:	Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological Linguistics 1992) as Sioux-Assiniboine-Stoney. The canonical sentence structure is subject-object-verb, also characterized by postpositions, head marking, and internally headed relative clauses. Morphological processes are primarily agglutinating. The phoneme inventory consists of twenty-seven consonants, including plain, aspirated, and ejective stops, and eight vowels, five oral and three nasal. The language is structure-preserving; consonant allophony is restricted to the phoneme inventory. Assiniboine has no nominal case system, no definite or indefinite articles, and no verbal tense marking. Clauses are marked as "potential" by means of a verbal enclitic and unmarked clauses are "realized," effectively creating a future/non-future distinction. The verbal system is split-intransitive (active/stative); the object pronominal affixes of active-transitive verbs coincide with the subject pronominal affixes of the stative verbs. Participant information is encoded on the verb so that nominal antecedents may be omitted from the clause, but the question of whether Assiniboine is a "pronominal argument" language remains open. Deverbal nominalization is highly productive, as are verb compounding and noun incorporation. Verbal prefixation and suffixation both occur, but verbal prefixation is more systematic. Suffixation occurs in all major word classes. Assiniboine has an elaborate system of post-verbal particles that express aspect and modality; in verb compounding, verbal enclitics attach to the matrix verb and objects of the complement remain on the complement. There is a complex system of motion verbs, analyzed here as consistin
Beschreibung:	Adviser: Douglas R. Parks
Beschreibung:	xxiii, 461 p. ill
ISBN:	0542436434 9780542436437

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245	1	0	\|a A grammar of Assiniboine \|b a Siouan language of the Northern Plains \|c Linda A. Cumberland
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502			\|a Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005. - UMI nr. 3195576
520			\|a Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological Linguistics 1992) as Sioux-Assiniboine-Stoney. The canonical sentence structure is subject-object-verb, also characterized by postpositions, head marking, and internally headed relative clauses. Morphological processes are primarily agglutinating. The phoneme inventory consists of twenty-seven consonants, including plain, aspirated, and ejective stops, and eight vowels, five oral and three nasal. The language is structure-preserving; consonant allophony is restricted to the phoneme inventory. Assiniboine has no nominal case system, no definite or indefinite articles, and no verbal tense marking. Clauses are marked as "potential" by means of a verbal enclitic and unmarked clauses are "realized," effectively creating a future/non-future distinction. The verbal system is split-intransitive (active/stative); the object pronominal affixes of active-transitive verbs coincide with the subject pronominal affixes of the stative verbs. Participant information is encoded on the verb so that nominal antecedents may be omitted from the clause, but the question of whether Assiniboine is a "pronominal argument" language remains open. Deverbal nominalization is highly productive, as are verb compounding and noun incorporation. Verbal prefixation and suffixation both occur, but verbal prefixation is more systematic. Suffixation occurs in all major word classes. Assiniboine has an elaborate system of post-verbal particles that express aspect and modality; in verb compounding, verbal enclitics attach to the matrix verb and objects of the complement remain on the complement. There is a complex system of motion verbs, analyzed here as consistin
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Table of Contents List of Tables ...................................................xx List of Figures ..................................................xxi List of Rules ......................................................xxi Abbreviations .................................................xxii Chapter 1 - Introduction ........,..................................1 Chapter 2 - Phonology ............................................14 1. Introduction .................................................14 2. Phoneme inventory ............................................15 2.2 Intervocalic voicing ......................................17 2.3 Stress ................................................20 2.4 Vowel length ...........................................21 3. Phoneme descriptions ..........................................23 3.1 Obstruents ............................................23 3.1.1 Stops and affricates ...............................23 3.1.2 Fricatives ......................................24 3.2 Sonorants .............................................25 3.2.1 Nasals .........................................25 3.2.2 Glottal stop .....................................26 3.2.3 Glides .........................................29 3.3. Vowels ...............................................30 3.3.1 Oral vowels .....................................30 3.3.2 Nasal vowels ....................................30 4. Syllable structure .............................................31 4.1 Syllable canon .........................................32 4.2 Syllabification of CVC roots ................. ,.............32 5. Phonotactics ..................................................33 5.1 kc, pc ,...............................................34 5.1.1 kc ............................................34 5.1.2 pc ............................................35 5.2 se, šc .................................................35 5.3 kw ..................................................35 5.4 tk ...................................................36 5.5 sw ..................................................36 5.6 km, kn and mn .........................................37 6. Phonetic effects in monosyllabic clusters ............................37 7. Sound symbolism .............................................38 8. Metathesis ...................................................39 9. Ablaut ......................................................41 Xl 10. Vocalic nasalization ...........................................45 11. Vowel hiatus ................................................49 11.1 Glide or glottal epenthesis .........,...................... 49 11.2 Vowel coalescence ...................................... 51 11.3 Vowel deletion .......................................... 52 12. Morphophonemic processes .................................... 53 12.1 Boundaries ........................................... 54 12.2 Dakota Accent Rule (dar) ................................ 57 12.3 Compound Accent Rule (car) ............................. 57 12.4 Lexical stress ......................................... 58 12.5 Rhythmic Stress Patterning (RSP) ........................... 59 12.5.1 Word level RSP ..................................60 12.5.2 RSP and modality particles .........................64 12.5.3 Phrase level rsp .................................65 13. Other morphophonological processes ..............................67 13.1 Degemination ......................................... 67 13.2 Triconsonantal simplification ............................. 69 13.3 Fricative devoicing . . . .................................. 70 13.4 Coda nasalization ...................................... 70 13.5 Velar palatalization .................................... 71 13.5.1 Velar palatalization and active/ stative verb stems .......72 13.5.1.1 Instrumental prefix ka by a blow; by external pressure ................................. 74 13.5.1.2 k4 mutual contact, effect .................. 74 13.5.1.3 Kinship suffix -ku ........................ 74 13.5.1.4 Suffix -łca rather, kind of .................. 75 13.5.1.5 Enclitic ken neg ......................... 75 13.5.2 Adverbs and velar palatalization .................... 76 13.5.3 Coronal dissimilation ............................. 76 14. Phrase-level phonology ........................................ 77 14.1 Vowel devoicing ........................................77 14.2 Vowel syncope ........................................79 14.3 Phrase level stress patterning .............................80 14.4 Intervocalic voicing .....................................80 Chapter 3 - Nouns and Pronouns ...................................82 1. Introduction .................................................82 2. Inherent nouns ...............................................82 2.1 Nominal roots ..........................................85 2.1.1 CV roots .......................................86 2.1.2 Truncated roots ..................................86 2.1.3 CVC roots ......................................90 2.1.4 Multisyllabic roots with final -e ......................95 3. Noun derivation ...............................................96 3.1 Prefixation ............................................97 XU 3.1.1 Locative prefixes .................................97 3.1.2 Indefinite w a- ...................................99 3.2 Nominalizing enclitics ...................................102 3.2.1 -s A ..........................................103 3.2.2 -pi ...........................................103 3.2.3 na ..........................................105 3.2.4 Combination of locatives and enclitic ................. 105 3.2.5 Combination of enclitics .......................... 106 3.3 Suffixes ...............................................107 3.3.1 Specificity .....................................108 3.3.1.1 с specific ..............................108 3.3.1.2 -ft specific ..............................110 3.3.2 -tu at a particular point (time or place) .............. Ill 3.3.3 Suffix -ka .....................................113 3.4 Compound nouns ......................................114 4. Pluralization ................................................118 5. Noun modification ............................................122 5.1 Possession ...........................................122 5.1.1 Possessive pronominal prefixes ..................... 122 5.1.2 Possession of objects in nature ..................... 124 5.1.3 Body parts .................................... 125 5.1.4 Possession by means of stative verbs ................. ] 27 5.1.5 Possession by means of context only ................. 128 5.1.6 Reflexive possession (suus) ........................ 128 5.2 Noun modification other than possession .................... 129 6. Independent pronouns ........................................ 129 6.1 Independent personal pronouns ...........................129 6.1.1 The Џ paradigm ................................ 129 6.1.2 The tyé paradigm ................................ 130 6.2 Demonstrative pronouns ................................. 132 6.3 Indefinite pronouns ..................................... 133 7. Naming .................................................... 134 7.1 ѕџка horse ..........................................134 7.2 Proper Names in na ....................................135 Chapter 4 - Kinship .............................................137 1. Kinship system ..............................................137 2. Morphology of kinship terms ....................................141 2.1 mi- my ..............................................141 2.2 ni- your .............................................141 2.3 (tjku ................................................141 2.4 -да .................................................142 2.5 -sí.................................................. 142 2.6 уа .................................................143 хап 2.7 Unexplained morphemes ................................. 144 3. Respect/avoidance speech ...................................... 145 Chapter 5 - Adverbs ............................................. 153 1. Introduction ................................................ 153 2. Morphology of adverbs ......................................... 154 2.1 Basic adverbs ......................................... 154 2.2 Demonstrative adverbs .................................. 156 2.3 Interrogative adverbs ................................... 157 2.4 Logical connectives ..................................... 158 3. Derived adverbs .............................................. 158 3.1 Prefixation .................,......................... 158 3.1.1 Adverbial (~ ................................... 159 3.1.2 Locative prefixes ................................ 160 3.2 Suffixation ........................................... 161 3.2.1 Suffix descriptions ............................... 161 3.2.1.1 -ćehg. ago; in the past .................... 162 3.2.1.2 -eyasg. throughout ....................... 163 3.1.1.3 -hą: at a particular time ................... 163 3.2.1.4 -ñ .................................... 163 3.2.1.5 -ka rather, somewhat ..................... 165 3.2.1.6 -ken in the manner of ..................... 166 3.2.1.7 -ktya ~ -kiyg., -klyg.: in that direction, towards . . 167 3.2.1.8 -fc^eiu be thus .......................... 168 3.2.1.9 -khi in a general location ................... 168 3.2.1.10 -khtya in a general direction ............... 168 3.2.1.11 -m, -n ................................ 169 3.2.1.12 -па ................................... 172 3.2.1.13 -pbatahQ. moving from ................... 173 3.2.1.14 Adversative š .......................... 173 3.2.1.15 -sten in the marmer of; like unto ............ 174 3.2.1.16 -taha from that point on; after that ......... 174 3.2.1.17 -tu: at a particular point (time or place)1 ...... 175 3.2.1.18 -ya ................................... 176 3.2.1.19 -yaken ................................ 176 3.2.1.20 Ablaut ................................ 177 3.2.2 Suffix combinations .............................. 177 3.3 Reduplication ......................................... 178 3.4 Noun-adverb compounds ................................ 178 4. Semantic distinctions in words for now and when ................... 179 4.1 nąkahą vs. waná now .................................. 179 4.2 sten vs. h£ta when ..................................... 180 5. Adverbial phrases ............................................ 181 6. Clause modifiers ............................................. 182 XIV Chapter 6 - Verbs .............................................. 183 1. Introduction ................................................ 183 2. Canonical structure of verbs .................................... 184 3- Verb roots ................................................... 187 3.1 Monosyllabic roots ...................................... 187 3.2 Multisyllabic roots ......................................188 3.3 CVC roots ............................................189 4. Inflection ...................................................190 4.1 Pronominal affixes .....................................190 4.2 Animacy and number ...................................193 5. Active verbs .................................................196 5.1 Regular active verbs .....................................198 5.2 Y-stem active verbs .....................................200 5.3 Nasal active verbs ......................................201 6. Stative verbs .................................................205 6.1 Irregular verb ifrâwa be one s ............................ 206 6.2 Iŕ-áwa to be for ...................................... 207 6.3 Generic verbs échQ žéca, nécha ............................ 207 7. Impersonal verbs ............................................. 208 8. Number agreement ........................................... 209 8.1 Animate participants ...................................210 8.1.1 Animate subjects ................................ 210 8.1.2 Animate objects ................................. 210 8.1.3 Ambiguity in animate plural forms .................. 213 8.2 Inanimate participants .................................. 214 8.2.1 Inanimate subjects ..............................214 8.2.2 Inanimate objects ...............................215 8.3 Placement of pronominal affixes ...........................216 8.3.1 Pattern 1: prefixed ...............................217 8.3.2 Pattern 2: infixed ................................217 8.3.3 Pattern 3; mixed ................................217 8.4 Multiple inflection of subject pronominais ,...................221 8.5 Order of subject and object pronominal affixes ................222 9. Prefixes ....................................................223 9.1 Locative prefixes ......................................224 9.2 Instrumental prefixes ...................................226 9.2.1 Instrumental prefix yu- and adverbs .................231 9.2.2 Instrumental prefixes compared to those in Lakota ......231 9.3 Other prefixes .........................................232 9.3.1 wa~ things, indefinite objects .....................232 9.3.2 Vertitive kí back, as to an original state or place .......233 9.3.3 khi two, in two, in half, through the middle ...........234 9.3.4 bohi together ...................................235 10. Suffixes ...................................................235 10.1 chuna to keep doing (frequentive) ........................235 XV 10.2 ~П intensifying ........................................236 10.3 -ňttyg. intensifying .....................................237 10.4 -ka, -keca attenuating, be kind of, rather, sort of .............237 10.5 -pas of that kind, like that kind ..........................238 10.6 Exhortative -s ........................................238 10.7 Adversative -š ........................................239 10.8 Suffixes with no definite meaning ,........................240 11. Reduplication ..............................................242 11.1 Morphology of reduplication .............................242 11.2 Semantic effects of reduplication ..........................243 12. Specialized semantic categories .................................245 12.1 Verbs of texture ......................................245 12.1.1 Brittle .......................................246 12.1.2 Soft .........................................246 12.1.3 Fine particles .................................247 12.1.4 Hard; firm ....................................248 12.1.5 Smooth ......................................248 12.2 Positional verbs ......................................249 12.2.1 Animate Reference ..............................250 12.2.2 Inanimate Reference ............................252 12.3 Existential verb yukh& ..................................256 Chapter 7 - The κι morphemes .....................................258 1. Introduction ................................................258 2. Structural properties of the κι morphemes ..........................259 3. Description of the κι morphemes .................................260 3.1 Suus ................................................260 3.2 Dative ...............................................263 3.3 Benefactive ...........................................265 3.3.1 Benefactive and ká^A make ....................... 266 3.3.2 Benefactive and verbs of motion .................... 267 3.4 Reflexive ............................................. 268 3.5 Reciprocal ............................................ 270 3.5.1 Noun phrases as evidence of intransitivity in reciprocal verbs ............................................271 3.5.2 Non-third person reciprocal constructions .............272 3.5.3 Phonological obfuscation of Kl morphemes .............273 3.5.4 Faux Kl .......................................275 4. The semantics of κι ...........................................276 4.1 Suus ................................................276 4.2 Dative and benefactive ..................................277 5. Anìmacy ...................................................278 6. Lexicalized ici ................................................280 7. A paradigm of Kl morphemes: the verb oyakA + Kl ....................281 XVI Chapter 8 - Motion Verbs ........................................282 1. Introduction ................................................282 2. The COME-GO system ..........................................283 2.1 COME-GO verbs in conversation ............................ 295 2.2 Short-term bases ...................................... 296 2.3 COME-GO verbs in narrative ............................... 298 2.4 Metonymy of progress and arrive ......................... 300 2.5 Markedness of the departure verbs ......................... 300 2.5.1 Punctual ...................................... 301 2.5.2 Perfect ........................................ 301 2.6 Short distance and departure verbs ........................ 302 2.7 Special uses of íyáyA ................................... 304 3. Non-point-to-point travel (unanchored travel) ........................ 305 4. The bring-take system ......................................... 306 Chapter 9 - Enclitics and Postverbal Particles .........................309 1. Introduction ................................................309 2. Descriptions ................................................313 2.1 Enclitics .............................................313 2.1.1 hĄ Continuative/progressive ......................313 2.1.2 :kA Durative ...................................314 2.1.3 pi Plural ......................................315 2.1.4 na Diminutive .................................317 2.1.5 ktA Potential ...................................319 2.1.6 s A Habitual ...................................320 2.1.7 ši, ken Negation ................................320 2.2 Modality particles ......................................322 2.2.1 cê^e ~ ce- cé(V Habitual ..........................322 2.2.2 cha probably, it must be the case ..................323 2.2.3 chéyaka Deontic modality, should, ought to ..........325 2.2.4 c^ówąna I wonder; I think so .....................325 2.2.5 epcá 1 think, it seems, apparently ..................325 2.2.6 khó Intensifier.................................. 326 2.2.7 khoš anyway, nonetheless ........................326 2.2.8 kos as if, pretending ...............................327 2.2.9 othi?[ka ~ oMyika ~ ot%9{ka I think, it seems to me .... 327 2.2.10 steří ~ sten as if, Kke ........................... 328 2.2.11 stéya to seem, appear to be ...................... 328 2.2.12 he Interrogative ................................ 329 2.2.13 káya ~ káa ~ káyapi Hearsay, they say ............. 330 2.2.14 m Gender neutral imperative, spoken to one or many . . . 330 2.2.15 okhá ~ џкћа though; I mean ..................... 331 2.2.16 po Plural male imperative ........................ 332 2.2.17 wo Male imperative ............................ 332 XVII 2.2.18 h{n isn t it so?; right? ...........................333 2.2.19 hustá Quotative: it is said; so they tell it .............334 2.2.20 tukhâ Deontic modality; counterfactual .............334 2.2.21 Declarative markers ............................335 2.2.21.1 с ~ che Gender neutral declarative marker .... 336 2.2.21.2 no Male declarative marker .....,..........337 2.2.21.3 sten Female declarative marker .............338 2.2.21.4 Glottal stop (?) Gender neutral declarative marker .......................................338 2.2.21.5 9h Joking marker ........................339 2.3 Enclitics of uncertain position ..............,..............340 2.3.1 сћџпа~сћипа Repetitive ..........................340 2.3.2 касћа as if; bad ...............................341 2.4 Modality particles of uncertain position ......................342 2.4.1 ktn[ca just about, almost ......................... 342 2.4.2 ý.khaš - џкаѕ Optative: I wish; if only .............. 343 2.4.3 wáchi Prospective, intentive ........................ 343 2.5 Degree of certainty ..................................... 344 Chapter 10 - Determiners ........................................345 1. Introduction ................................................345 2. Definite and indefinite marking ..................................345 3. Demonstratives ..............................................347 4. Quantifiers .................................................352 4.1 апџк both ...........................................352 4.2 cônana a few; a little biť .................................353 4.3 iyúha and tyůhana all ..................................353 4.4 nowa, khówa all .......................................355 4.5 пџр*Чп both ..........................................355 4.6 ôtA many, a lot; much ..................................356 5. Partitives ...................................................356 5.1 αρά some, some of ..................................... 358 5.2 chokán half .......................................... 358 5.3 etáhg - etahą some, some of ............................. 359 5.4 tona some; how much, how many ......................... 359 5.5 takuni ~ takuna none (inanimate reference) .................. 360 5.6 tâku any (negative reference) ............................. 361 5.7 tuwénl - tuwéna no, not any (human reference) .............. 362 5.8 wQŽíň any; a single one ................................. 362 5.9 waiíniň no, not one .................................... 363 6. Numbers ................................................... 363 6.1 Cardinal numbers ......................................363 6.2 Ordinal numbers ......................................366 7. Summary comparison of quantifiers and partitives ...................366 XVIII 8. Order of demonstratives relative to quantifiers and partitives ............366 Chapter 11 - Syntax ............................................369 1. Introduction ................................................369 2. Simple Sentences ............................................372 2.1 Canonical word order ...................................372 2.2 Negation .............................................377 2.3 Yes-no questions .......................................377 2.4 Wri-questions ( t-questions ) ..............................378 3. Noun Phrases ...............................................384 3.1 Possessive modifier .....................................388 3.2 Stative verbs as nominais ................................388 4. Verb constructions ...........................................389 4.1 Passive-like constructions ................................389 4.2 Compound verbs .......................................391 4.2.1 Modality verbs ..................................392 4.2.1.1 Quasi-modality verb knÁ find to be; to sense ....................................... 398 4.2.1.2 Quasi-modality verb ši to order to do ; ........ 398 4.2.2 Auxiliary verbs ................................. 399 4.2.2.1 9џ do continuously ....................... 400 4.2.2.2 khiya Causative .......................... 400 4.2.2.3 khuwá keep doing ....................... 400 4.2.2.4 wý-ka ~ wąka Repetitive .................... 401 4.2.2.5 áyA ..................................401 4.3.2.5.1 Statíve áyA become ...............402 4.3.2.5.2 Active áyA continue doing ..........403 4.2.2.6 h{kna sudden and sharp ..................403 4.2.2.7 íyáyA gradual ...........................404 4.2.2.8 ygká ~ yţkâ ~ h¡ká continuous .............404 4.2.2.9 yeyÁ propel ............................405 4.2.3 Adverbial verbal complements ......................406 5. Postpositional phrases .........................................407 6. Conjunction, coordination ......................................409 6.1 Juxtaposition .........................................409 6.2 Coordinating conjunctions ...............................410 6.2.1 hire ~ h{kna and ................................ 410 6.2.2 khó also ...................................... 412 6.2.3 пакџ also, and more, in addition ................... 412 6.2.4 está or, either ................................. 413 6.2.5 ká^eca and then ............................... 413 6.2.6 tukhá but ..................................... 414 7. Subordinate clauses .......................................... 415 7.1 Complement clauses ....................................415 XIX 7.2 Adverbial clauses ...................................... 416 7.3 Relative clauses ....................................... 417 7.4 Subordinating conjunction chén ...........................418 8. Right dislocation of constituents .................................420 9. Ellipsis ....................................................421 10. Comparison ................................................422 10.1 More than/less than ...................................422 10.2 Alike/different ........................................424 11. Agency ....................................................424 Appendices Appendix 1: Big Snake ...........................................426 Appendix 2: [którni and Fox .......................................432 Appendix 3: Ella Deloria s The Red Fox ..............................438 Appendix 4: Instrumental Prefixes ..................................444 Appendix 5: Orthographic Equivalencies .............................448 Appendix 6: Idioms .............................................451 Appendix 7: Consultants .........................................452 References Cited ...............................................455
any_adam_object	1
author	Cumberland, Linda A.
author_facet	Cumberland, Linda A.
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author_sort	Cumberland, Linda A.
author_variant	l a c la lac
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ctrlnum	(OCoLC)897082828 (DE-599)BVBBV042099783
discipline	Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft
format	Thesis Book
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isbn	0542436434 9780542436437
language	English
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physical	xxiii, 461 p. ill
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spelling	Cumberland, Linda A. Verfasser aut A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland Ann Arbor, MI Proquest 2005 xxiii, 461 p. ill txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Adviser: Douglas R. Parks Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005. - UMI nr. 3195576 Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological Linguistics 1992) as Sioux-Assiniboine-Stoney. The canonical sentence structure is subject-object-verb, also characterized by postpositions, head marking, and internally headed relative clauses. Morphological processes are primarily agglutinating. The phoneme inventory consists of twenty-seven consonants, including plain, aspirated, and ejective stops, and eight vowels, five oral and three nasal. The language is structure-preserving; consonant allophony is restricted to the phoneme inventory. Assiniboine has no nominal case system, no definite or indefinite articles, and no verbal tense marking. Clauses are marked as "potential" by means of a verbal enclitic and unmarked clauses are "realized," effectively creating a future/non-future distinction. The verbal system is split-intransitive (active/stative); the object pronominal affixes of active-transitive verbs coincide with the subject pronominal affixes of the stative verbs. Participant information is encoded on the verb so that nominal antecedents may be omitted from the clause, but the question of whether Assiniboine is a "pronominal argument" language remains open. Deverbal nominalization is highly productive, as are verb compounding and noun incorporation. Verbal prefixation and suffixation both occur, but verbal prefixation is more systematic. Suffixation occurs in all major word classes. Assiniboine has an elaborate system of post-verbal particles that express aspect and modality; in verb compounding, verbal enclitics attach to the matrix verb and objects of the complement remain on the complement. There is a complex system of motion verbs, analyzed here as consistin Fotokopie Ann Arbor, Mich. UMI Dissertation Services 29 cm Photocopy 2005 Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboine dialect fast Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 gnd rswk-swf Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 s Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 s DE-604 Reproduktion von Cumberland, Linda A. A grammar of Assiniboine 2005 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027540457&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Cumberland, Linda A. A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboine dialect fast Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4447238-9 (DE-588)4056449-6 (DE-588)4113937-9
title	A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains
title_auth	A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains
title_exact_search	A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains
title_full	A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland
title_fullStr	A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland
title_full_unstemmed	A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland
title_short	A grammar of Assiniboine
title_sort	a grammar of assiniboine a siouan language of the northern plains
title_sub	a Siouan language of the Northern Plains
topic	Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboine dialect fast Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd
topic_facet	Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboin Sprache Hochschulschrift
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027540457&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT cumberlandlindaa agrammarofassiniboineasiouanlanguageofthenorthernplains

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