A grammar of Assiniboine: a Siouan language of the Northern Plains
Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological L...
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| Zusammenfassung: | Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological Linguistics 1992) as Sioux-Assiniboine-Stoney. The canonical sentence structure is subject-object-verb, also characterized by postpositions, head marking, and internally headed relative clauses. Morphological processes are primarily agglutinating. The phoneme inventory consists of twenty-seven consonants, including plain, aspirated, and ejective stops, and eight vowels, five oral and three nasal. The language is structure-preserving; consonant allophony is restricted to the phoneme inventory. Assiniboine has no nominal case system, no definite or indefinite articles, and no verbal tense marking. Clauses are marked as "potential" by means of a verbal enclitic and unmarked clauses are "realized," effectively creating a future/non-future distinction. The verbal system is split-intransitive (active/stative); the object pronominal affixes of active-transitive verbs coincide with the subject pronominal affixes of the stative verbs. Participant information is encoded on the verb so that nominal antecedents may be omitted from the clause, but the question of whether Assiniboine is a "pronominal argument" language remains open. Deverbal nominalization is highly productive, as are verb compounding and noun incorporation. Verbal prefixation and suffixation both occur, but verbal prefixation is more systematic. Suffixation occurs in all major word classes. Assiniboine has an elaborate system of post-verbal particles that express aspect and modality; in verb compounding, verbal enclitics attach to the matrix verb and objects of the complement remain on the complement. There is a complex system of motion verbs, analyzed here as consistin |
| Beschreibung: | Adviser: Douglas R. Parks |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 461 p. ill |
| ISBN: | 0542436434 9780542436437 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cumberland, Linda A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Assiniboine |b a Siouan language of the Northern Plains |c Linda A. Cumberland |
| 264 | 1 | |a Ann Arbor, MI |b Proquest |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a xxiii, 461 p. |b ill | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Adviser: Douglas R. Parks | ||
| 502 | |a Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005. - UMI nr. 3195576 | ||
| 520 | |a Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological Linguistics 1992) as Sioux-Assiniboine-Stoney. The canonical sentence structure is subject-object-verb, also characterized by postpositions, head marking, and internally headed relative clauses. Morphological processes are primarily agglutinating. The phoneme inventory consists of twenty-seven consonants, including plain, aspirated, and ejective stops, and eight vowels, five oral and three nasal. The language is structure-preserving; consonant allophony is restricted to the phoneme inventory. Assiniboine has no nominal case system, no definite or indefinite articles, and no verbal tense marking. Clauses are marked as "potential" by means of a verbal enclitic and unmarked clauses are "realized," effectively creating a future/non-future distinction. The verbal system is split-intransitive (active/stative); the object pronominal affixes of active-transitive verbs coincide with the subject pronominal affixes of the stative verbs. Participant information is encoded on the verb so that nominal antecedents may be omitted from the clause, but the question of whether Assiniboine is a "pronominal argument" language remains open. Deverbal nominalization is highly productive, as are verb compounding and noun incorporation. Verbal prefixation and suffixation both occur, but verbal prefixation is more systematic. Suffixation occurs in all major word classes. Assiniboine has an elaborate system of post-verbal particles that express aspect and modality; in verb compounding, verbal enclitics attach to the matrix verb and objects of the complement remain on the complement. There is a complex system of motion verbs, analyzed here as consistin | ||
| 533 | |a Fotokopie |b Ann Arbor, Mich. |c UMI Dissertation Services |e 29 cm |n Photocopy |n 2005 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Assiniboine dialect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language, Linguistics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Anthropology, Cultural | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Assiniboine dialect |2 fast | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Assiniboin |0 (DE-588)4447238-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sprache |0 (DE-588)4056449-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Assiniboin |0 (DE-588)4447238-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Sprache |0 (DE-588)4056449-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Reproduktion von |a Cumberland, Linda A. |t A grammar of Assiniboine |d 2005 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027540457&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027540457 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152562941689856 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table
of
Contents
List of
Tables
...................................................xx
List of Figures
..................................................xxi
List of Rules
......................................................xxi
Abbreviations
.................................................xxii
Chapter
1 -
Introduction
........,..................................1
Chapter
2 -
Phonology
............................................14
1.
Introduction
.................................................14
2.
Phoneme inventory
............................................15
2.2
Intervocalic voicing
......................................17
2.3
Stress
................................................20
2.4
Vowel length
...........................................21
3.
Phoneme descriptions
..........................................23
3.1
Obstruents
............................................23
3.1.1
Stops and affricates
...............................23
3.1.2
Fricatives
......................................24
3.2
Sonorants
.............................................25
3.2.1
Nasals
.........................................25
3.2.2
Glottal stop
.....................................26
3.2.3
Glides
.........................................29
3.3.
Vowels
...............................................30
3.3.1
Oral vowels
.....................................30
3.3.2
Nasal vowels
....................................30
4.
Syllable structure
.............................................31
4.1
Syllable canon
.........................................32
4.2
Syllabification of CVC roots
................. ,.............32
5.
Phonotactics
..................................................33
5.1
kc, pc
,...............................................34
5.1.1
kc
............................................34
5.1.2
pc
............................................35
5.2
se, šc
.................................................35
5.3
kw
..................................................35
5.4
tk
...................................................36
5.5
sw
..................................................36
5.6
km,
kn
and mn
.........................................37
6.
Phonetic effects in monosyllabic clusters
............................37
7.
Sound symbolism
.............................................38
8.
Metathesis
...................................................39
9.
Ablaut
......................................................41
Xl
10.
Vocalic
nasalization
...........................................45
11.
Vowel hiatus
................................................49
11.1
Glide or glottal epenthesis
.........,...................... 49
11.2
Vowel coalescence
...................................... 51
11.3
Vowel deletion
.......................................... 52
12.
Morphophonemic processes
.................................... 53
12.1
Boundaries
........................................... 54
12.2
Dakota Accent Rule
(dar) ................................ 57
12.3
Compound Accent Rule (car)
............................. 57
12.4
Lexical stress
......................................... 58
12.5
Rhythmic Stress Patterning (RSP)
........................... 59
12.5.1
Word level RSP
..................................60
12.5.2
RSP and modality particles
.........................64
12.5.3
Phrase level rsp
.................................65
13.
Other morphophonological processes
..............................67
13.1
Degemination
......................................... 67
13.2
Triconsonantal simplification
............................. 69
13.3
Fricative devoicing
. . . .................................. 70
13.4
Coda nasalization
...................................... 70
13.5
Velar palatalization
.................................... 71
13.5.1
Velar palatalization and active/
stative
verb stems
.......72
13.5.1.1
Instrumental prefix ka by a blow; by external
pressure
................................. 74
13.5.1.2
k*4 mutual contact, effect
.................. 74
13.5.1.3
Kinship suffix -ku
........................ 74
13.5.1.4
Suffix
-łca
rather, kind of
.................. 75
13.5.1.5
Enclitic ken
neg
......................... 75
13.5.2
Adverbs and velar palatalization
.................... 76
13.5.3
Coronal dissimilation
............................. 76
14.
Phrase-level phonology
........................................ 77
14.1
Vowel devoicing
........................................77
14.2
Vowel syncope
........................................79
14.3
Phrase level stress patterning
.............................80
14.4
Intervocalic voicing
.....................................80
Chapter
3 -
Nouns and Pronouns
...................................82
1.
Introduction
.................................................82
2.
Inherent nouns
...............................................82
2.1
Nominal roots
..........................................85
2.1.1 CV
roots
.......................................86
2.1.2
Truncated roots
..................................86
2.1.3
CVC roots
......................................90
2.1.4
Multisyllabic roots with final -e
......................95
3.
Noun derivation
...............................................96
3.1
Prefixation
............................................97
XU
3.1.1
Locative
prefixes
.................................97
3.1.2
Indefinite
w
a-
...................................99
3.2
Nominalizing enclitics
...................................102
3.2.1
-s A
..........................................103
3.2.2
-pi
...........................................103
3.2.3
na
..........................................105
3.2.4
Combination of locatives and enclitic
................. 105
3.2.5
Combination of enclitics
.......................... 106
3.3
Suffixes
...............................................107
3.3.1
Specificity
.....................................108
3.3.1.1
с
specific
..............................108
3.3.1.2
-ft specific
..............................110
3.3.2
-tu
at a particular point (time or place)
..............
Ill
3.3.3
Suffix
-ka
.....................................113
3.4
Compound nouns
......................................114
4.
Pluralization
................................................118
5.
Noun modification
............................................122
5.1
Possession
...........................................122
5.1.1
Possessive pronominal prefixes
..................... 122
5.1.2
Possession of objects in nature
..................... 124
5.1.3
Body parts
.................................... 125
5.1.4
Possession by means of
stative
verbs
................. ] 27
5.1.5
Possession by means of context only
................. 128
5.1.6
Reflexive possession (suus)
........................ 128
5.2
Noun modification other than possession
.................... 129
6.
Independent pronouns
........................................ 129
6.1
Independent personal pronouns
...........................129
6.1.1
The
Џ
paradigm
................................ 129
6.1.2
The
tyé
paradigm
................................ 130
6.2
Demonstrative pronouns
................................. 132
6.3
Indefinite pronouns
..................................... 133
7.
Naming
.................................................... 134
7.1
ѕџка
horse
..........................................134
7.2
Proper Names in na
....................................135
Chapter
4 -
Kinship
.............................................137
1.
Kinship system
..............................................137
2.
Morphology of kinship terms
....................................141
2.1
mi- my
..............................................141
2.2
ni-
your
.............................................141
2.3
(tjku
................................................141
2.4
-да
.................................................142
2.5
-sí..................................................
142
2.6
уа
.................................................143
хап
2.7
Unexplained morphemes
................................. 144
3.
Respect/avoidance speech
...................................... 145
Chapter
5 -
Adverbs
............................................. 153
1.
Introduction
................................................ 153
2.
Morphology of adverbs
......................................... 154
2.1
Basic adverbs
......................................... 154
2.2
Demonstrative adverbs
.................................. 156
2.3
Interrogative adverbs
................................... 157
2.4
Logical connectives
..................................... 158
3.
Derived adverbs
.............................................. 158
3.1
Prefixation
.................,......................... 158
3.1.1
Adverbial (~
................................... 159
3.1.2
Locative prefixes
................................ 160
3.2
Suffixation
........................................... 161
3.2.1
Suffix descriptions
............................... 161
3.2.1.1
-ćehg.
ago; in the past
.................... 162
3.2.1.2
-eyasg. throughout
....................... 163
3.1.1.3
-hą:
at a particular time
................... 163
3.2.1.4
-ñ
.................................... 163
3.2.1.5
-ka
rather, somewhat
..................... 165
3.2.1.6
-ken in the manner of
..................... 166
3.2.1.7
-ktya ~ -kiyg., -klyg.: in that direction, towards
. . 167
3.2.1.8
-fc^eiu be thus
.......................... 168
3.2.1.9
-khi in a general location
................... 168
3.2.1.10
-khtya in a general direction
............... 168
3.2.1.11
-m, -n
................................ 169
3.2.1.12
-па
................................... 172
3.2.1.13
-pbatahQ. moving from
................... 173
3.2.1.14
Adversative
š
.......................... 173
3.2.1.15
-sten
in the
marmer
of; like unto
............ 174
3.2.1.16
-taha
from that point on; after that
......... 174
3.2.1.17
-tu:
at a particular point (time or place)1
...... 175
3.2.1.18
-ya
................................... 176
3.2.1.19
-yaken
................................ 176
3.2.1.20
Ablaut
................................ 177
3.2.2
Suffix combinations
.............................. 177
3.3
Reduplication
......................................... 178
3.4
Noun-adverb compounds
................................ 178
4.
Semantic distinctions in words for now and when
................... 179
4.1
nąkahą
vs.
waná
now
.................................. 179
4.2
sten
vs. h£ta when
..................................... 180
5.
Adverbial phrases
............................................ 181
6.
Clause modifiers
............................................. 182
XIV
Chapter
6 -
Verbs
.............................................. 183
1.
Introduction
................................................ 183
2.
Canonical structure of verbs
.................................... 184
3-
Verb roots
................................................... 187
3.1
Monosyllabic roots
...................................... 187
3.2
Multisyllabic roots
......................................188
3.3
CVC roots
............................................189
4.
Inflection
...................................................190
4.1
Pronominal affixes
.....................................190
4.2
Animacy and number
...................................193
5.
Active verbs
.................................................196
5.1
Regular active verbs
.....................................198
5.2
Y-stem active verbs
.....................................200
5.3
Nasal active verbs
......................................201
6.
Stative
verbs
.................................................205
6.1
Irregular verb
ifrâwa
be one s
............................ 206
6.2
Iŕ-áwa
to be for
...................................... 207
6.3
Generic verbs
échQ žéca, nécha
............................ 207
7.
Impersonal verbs
............................................. 208
8.
Number agreement
........................................... 209
8.1
Animate participants
...................................210
8.1.1
Animate subjects
................................ 210
8.1.2
Animate objects
................................. 210
8.1.3
Ambiguity in animate plural forms
.................. 213
8.2
Inanimate participants
.................................. 214
8.2.1
Inanimate subjects
..............................214
8.2.2
Inanimate objects
...............................215
8.3
Placement of pronominal affixes
...........................216
8.3.1
Pattern
1:
prefixed
...............................217
8.3.2
Pattern
2:
infixed
................................217
8.3.3
Pattern
3;
mixed
................................217
8.4
Multiple inflection of subject
pronominais
,...................221
8.5
Order of subject and object pronominal affixes
................222
9.
Prefixes
....................................................223
9.1
Locative prefixes
......................................224
9.2
Instrumental prefixes
...................................226
9.2.1
Instrumental prefix yu- and adverbs
.................231
9.2.2
Instrumental prefixes compared to those in
Lakota
......231
9.3
Other prefixes
.........................................232
9.3.1
wa~ things, indefinite objects
.....................232
9.3.2
Vertitive
kí
back, as to an original state or place
.......233
9.3.3
khi two, in two, in half, through the middle
...........234
9.3.4
bohi together
...................................235
10.
Suffixes
...................................................235
10.1
chuna to keep doing (frequentive)
........................235
XV
10.2
~П
intensifying
........................................236
10.3
-ňttyg.
intensifying
.....................................237
10.4
-ka,
-keca attenuating, be kind of, rather, sort of
.............237
10.5
-pas of that kind, like that kind
..........................238
10.6
Exhortative -s
........................................238
10.7
Adversative
-š
........................................239
10.8
Suffixes with no definite meaning
,........................240
11.
Reduplication
..............................................242
11.1
Morphology of reduplication
.............................242
11.2
Semantic effects of reduplication
..........................243
12.
Specialized semantic categories
.................................245
12.1
Verbs of texture
......................................245
12.1.1
Brittle
.......................................246
12.1.2
Soft
.........................................246
12.1.3
Fine particles
.................................247
12.1.4
Hard; firm
....................................248
12.1.5
Smooth
......................................248
12.2
Positional verbs
......................................249
12.2.1
Animate Reference
..............................250
12.2.2
Inanimate Reference
............................252
12.3
Existential verb yukh&
..................................256
Chapter
7 -
The
κι
morphemes
.....................................258
1.
Introduction
................................................258
2.
Structural properties of the
κι
morphemes
..........................259
3.
Description of the
κι
morphemes
.................................260
3.1
Suus
................................................260
3.2
Dative
...............................................263
3.3
Benefactive
...........................................265
3.3.1
Benefactive and
ká^A
make
....................... 266
3.3.2
Benefactive and verbs of motion
.................... 267
3.4
Reflexive
............................................. 268
3.5
Reciprocal
............................................ 270
3.5.1
Noun phrases as evidence of intransitivity in reciprocal verbs
............................................271
3.5.2
Non-third person reciprocal constructions
.............272
3.5.3
Phonological obfuscation of Kl morphemes
.............273
3.5.4
Faux Kl
.......................................275
4.
The semantics of
κι
...........................................276
4.1
Suus
................................................276
4.2
Dative and benefactive
..................................277
5.
Anìmacy
...................................................278
6.
Lexicalized
ici
................................................280
7.
A paradigm of Kl morphemes: the verb oyakA
+
Kl
....................281
XVI
Chapter
8 -
Motion Verbs
........................................282
1.
Introduction
................................................282
2.
The COME-GO system
..........................................283
2.1
COME-GO verbs in conversation
............................ 295
2.2
Short-term bases
...................................... 296
2.3
COME-GO verbs in narrative
............................... 298
2.4
Metonymy of progress and arrive
......................... 300
2.5
Markedness of the departure verbs
......................... 300
2.5.1
Punctual
...................................... 301
2.5.2
Perfect
........................................ 301
2.6
Short distance and departure verbs
........................ 302
2.7
Special uses of
íyáyA
................................... 304
3.
Non-point-to-point travel (unanchored travel)
........................ 305
4.
The bring-take system
......................................... 306
Chapter
9 -
Enclitics and
Postverbal
Particles
.........................309
1.
Introduction
................................................309
2.
Descriptions
................................................313
2.1
Enclitics
.............................................313
2.1.1
hĄ
Continuative/progressive
......................313
2.1.2
:kA
Durative
...................................314
2.1.3
pi Plural
......................................315
2.1.4
na Diminutive
.................................317
2.1.5
ktA Potential
...................................319
2.1.6
s A
Habitual
...................................320
2.1.7
ši,
ken Negation
................................320
2.2
Modality particles
......................................322
2.2.1
cê^e
~
ce- cé(V
Habitual
..........................322
2.2.2
cha probably, it must be the case
..................323
2.2.3
chéyaka Deontic
modality, should, ought to
..........325
2.2.4
c^ówąna
I wonder; I think so
.....................325
2.2.5
epcá
1
think, it seems, apparently
..................325
2.2.6
khó
Intensifier..................................
326
2.2.7
khoš
anyway, nonetheless
........................326
2.2.8
kos
as if, pretending
...............................327
2.2.9
othi?[ka ~ oMyika ~ ot%9{ka I think, it seems to me
.... 327
2.2.10
steří ~
sten
as if, Kke
........................... 328
2.2.11
stéya
to seem, appear to be
...................... 328
2.2.12
he Interrogative
................................ 329
2.2.13
káya
~
káa
~
káyapi
Hearsay, they say
............. 330
2.2.14
m
Gender neutral imperative, spoken to one or many
. . . 330
2.2.15
okhá
~
џкћа
though; I mean
..................... 331
2.2.16
po Plural male imperative
........................ 332
2.2.17
wo Male imperative
............................ 332
XVII
2.2.18
h{n
isn t it so?; right?
...........................333
2.2.19
hustá
Quotative: it is said; so they tell it
.............334
2.2.20
tukhâ Deontic
modality; counterfactual
.............334
2.2.21
Declarative markers
............................335
2.2.21.1
с ~
che Gender neutral declarative marker
.... 336
2.2.21.2
no Male declarative marker
.....,..........337
2.2.21.3
sten
Female declarative marker
.............338
2.2.21.4
Glottal stop
(?)
Gender neutral declarative marker
.......................................338
2.2.21.5
9h Joking marker
........................339
2.3
Enclitics of uncertain position
..............,..............340
2.3.1
сћџпа~сћипа
Repetitive
..........................340
2.3.2
касћа
as if; bad
...............................341
2.4
Modality particles of uncertain position
......................342
2.4.1
ktn[ca just about, almost
......................... 342
2.4.2
ý.khaš
-
џк*аѕ
Optative: I wish; if only
.............. 343
2.4.3
wáchi
Prospective, intentive
........................ 343
2.5
Degree of certainty
..................................... 344
Chapter
10 -
Determiners
........................................345
1.
Introduction
................................................345
2.
Definite and indefinite marking
..................................345
3.
Demonstratives
..............................................347
4.
Quantifiers
.................................................352
4.1
апџк
both
...........................................352
4.2
cônana
a few; a little
biť
.................................353
4.3
iyúha
and
tyůhana
all
..................................353
4.4
nowa, khówa
all
.......................................355
4.5
пџр*Чп
both
..........................................355
4.6
ôtA
many, a lot; much
..................................356
5.
Partitives
...................................................356
5.1
αρά
some, some of
..................................... 358
5.2
chokán
half
.......................................... 358
5.3
etáhg
-
etahą
some, some of
............................. 359
5.4
tona some;
how much, how many
......................... 359
5.5
takuni ~ takuna none (inanimate reference)
.................. 360
5.6
tâku
any (negative reference)
............................. 361
5.7
tuwénl
-
tuwéna no,
not any (human reference)
.............. 362
5.8
wQŽíň
any; a single one
................................. 362
5.9
waiíniň
no, not one
.................................... 363
6.
Numbers
................................................... 363
6.1
Cardinal numbers
......................................363
6.2
Ordinal numbers
......................................366
7.
Summary comparison of quantifiers and partitives
...................366
XVIII
8.
Order of demonstratives relative to quantifiers and partitives
............366
Chapter
11 -
Syntax
............................................369
1.
Introduction
................................................369
2.
Simple Sentences
............................................372
2.1
Canonical word order
...................................372
2.2
Negation
.............................................377
2.3
Yes-no questions
.......................................377
2.4
Wri-questions ( t-questions )
..............................378
3.
Noun Phrases
...............................................384
3.1
Possessive modifier
.....................................388
3.2
Stative
verbs as
nominais
................................388
4.
Verb constructions
...........................................389
4.1
Passive-like constructions
................................389
4.2
Compound verbs
.......................................391
4.2.1
Modality verbs
..................................392
4.2.1.1
Quasi-modality verb
knÁ
find to be; to sense
....................................... 398
4.2.1.2
Quasi-modality verb
ši
to order to do ;
........ 398
4.2.2
Auxiliary verbs
................................. 399
4.2.2.1
9џ
do continuously
....................... 400
4.2.2.2
khiya Causative
.......................... 400
4.2.2.3
khuwá
keep doing
....................... 400
4.2.2.4
wý-ka
~
wąka
Repetitive
.................... 401
4.2.2.5
áyA
..................................401
4.3.2.5.1
Statíve áyA
become
...............402
4.3.2.5.2
Active
áyA
continue doing
..........403
4.2.2.6
h{kna sudden and sharp
..................403
4.2.2.7
íyáyA
gradual
...........................404
4.2.2.8
ygká ~
yţkâ
~
h¡ká
continuous
.............404
4.2.2.9
yeyÁ
propel
............................405
4.2.3
Adverbial verbal complements
......................406
5.
Postpositional phrases
.........................................407
6.
Conjunction, coordination
......................................409
6.1
Juxtaposition
.........................................409
6.2
Coordinating conjunctions
...............................410
6.2.1
hire ~ h{kna and
................................ 410
6.2.2
khó
also
...................................... 412
6.2.3
пакџ
also, and more, in addition
................... 412
6.2.4
está
or, either
................................. 413
6.2.5
ká^eca
and then
............................... 413
6.2.6
tukhá
but
..................................... 414
7.
Subordinate clauses
.......................................... 415
7.1
Complement clauses
....................................415
XIX
7.2
Adverbial
clauses ......................................
416
7.3
Relative
clauses .......................................
417
7.4
Subordinating conjunction
chén
...........................418
8.
Right dislocation of constituents
.................................420
9.
Ellipsis
....................................................421
10.
Comparison
................................................422
10.1
More than/less than
...................................422
10.2
Alike/different
........................................424
11.
Agency
....................................................424
Appendices
Appendix
1:
Big Snake
...........................................426
Appendix
2:
[którni
and Fox
.......................................432
Appendix
3:
Ella Deloria s The Red Fox
..............................438
Appendix
4:
Instrumental Prefixes
..................................444
Appendix
5:
Orthographic Equivalencies
.............................448
Appendix
6:
Idioms
.............................................451
Appendix
7:
Consultants
.........................................452
References Cited
...............................................455
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cumberland, Linda A. |
| author_facet | Cumberland, Linda A. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cumberland, Linda A. |
| author_variant | l a c la lac |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042099783 |
| classification_rvk | EE 2639 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)897082828 (DE-599)BVBBV042099783 |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| spelling | Cumberland, Linda A. Verfasser aut A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland Ann Arbor, MI Proquest 2005 xxiii, 461 p. ill txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Adviser: Douglas R. Parks Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005. - UMI nr. 3195576 Assiniboine, sometimes referred to as Nakoda, is an American Indian language of the Siouan language family presently spoken by fewer than one hundred people in Montana (United States) and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is a member of a dialect continuum identified by Parks and DeMallie (Anthropological Linguistics 1992) as Sioux-Assiniboine-Stoney. The canonical sentence structure is subject-object-verb, also characterized by postpositions, head marking, and internally headed relative clauses. Morphological processes are primarily agglutinating. The phoneme inventory consists of twenty-seven consonants, including plain, aspirated, and ejective stops, and eight vowels, five oral and three nasal. The language is structure-preserving; consonant allophony is restricted to the phoneme inventory. Assiniboine has no nominal case system, no definite or indefinite articles, and no verbal tense marking. Clauses are marked as "potential" by means of a verbal enclitic and unmarked clauses are "realized," effectively creating a future/non-future distinction. The verbal system is split-intransitive (active/stative); the object pronominal affixes of active-transitive verbs coincide with the subject pronominal affixes of the stative verbs. Participant information is encoded on the verb so that nominal antecedents may be omitted from the clause, but the question of whether Assiniboine is a "pronominal argument" language remains open. Deverbal nominalization is highly productive, as are verb compounding and noun incorporation. Verbal prefixation and suffixation both occur, but verbal prefixation is more systematic. Suffixation occurs in all major word classes. Assiniboine has an elaborate system of post-verbal particles that express aspect and modality; in verb compounding, verbal enclitics attach to the matrix verb and objects of the complement remain on the complement. There is a complex system of motion verbs, analyzed here as consistin Fotokopie Ann Arbor, Mich. UMI Dissertation Services 29 cm Photocopy 2005 Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboine dialect fast Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 gnd rswk-swf Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 s Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 s DE-604 Reproduktion von Cumberland, Linda A. A grammar of Assiniboine 2005 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027540457&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cumberland, Linda A. A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboine dialect fast Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4447238-9 (DE-588)4056449-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains |
| title_auth | A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains |
| title_full | A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains Linda A. Cumberland |
| title_short | A grammar of Assiniboine |
| title_sort | a grammar of assiniboine a siouan language of the northern plains |
| title_sub | a Siouan language of the Northern Plains |
| topic | Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboine dialect fast Assiniboin (DE-588)4447238-9 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Assiniboine dialect Language, Linguistics Anthropology, Cultural Assiniboin Sprache Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027540457&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cumberlandlindaa agrammarofassiniboineasiouanlanguageofthenorthernplains |