Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës: 1939 - 1981
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Albanian |
| Published: |
Prishtinë
Inst. i Historisë
2012
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | PST: Albanian state and the issue of Kosovo. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | 413 pages Ill. 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789951409322 9951409326 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Albanian state and the issue of Kosovo |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Albania / Relations / Kosovo (Republic) | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kosovo (Republic) / Relations / Albania | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Albania / History / 1912-1944 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Albania / History / 1944-1990 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kosovo (Republic) / History / Autonomy and independence movements | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1806958175996346368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Dr. SabitSylo
PËRMBAJTJA
PARATHËNIE
.11
HYRJE
.19
KAPITULLI
I
PARË
I. KOSOVA
NË
PLANET DHE
PROJEKTET
E
FORCAVE POLITIKE
E USHTARAKE TË
SHQIPËRISË GJATË VITEVE TË LUFTËS SE DYTË BOTËRORE
.27
1.
1.
Faktori
ndërkombëtar nxitës
apo frenues?
.27
I.
2.
Qëndrimi
i forcave politike dhe
ushtarake të Jugosllavisë ndaj Kosovës
. 42
1.3.
Opsioni
і
PKSH-së dhe
і
Frontit Nacionalçlirimtar për Kosovën
.50
I.
4.
Alternatíva
Nacionaliste.
74
KAPITULLI
I
DYTË
II. QËNDRIMI
I
SHTETIT SHQIPTAR NDAJ ÇËSHTJES SE KOSOVËS
1945-1960. 93
II.
1.
Kosova
ne mes Shqipërisë dhe Jugosllavisë,
1945-1948.93
II.
2.
Qëndrimi ndaj Kosovës ne
vitet
e
miqësisë se ngushtë shqiptaro-
sovjetike
1948-1953.109
II.
3.
Rivendosja e
marrëdhënieve
diplomatike
Shqipëri-Jugosllavi dhe
çështja
e
Kosovës
1953-1956.124
II.
4.
Qëndrimi ndaj Kosovës ne
vitet
e trazuara
të marrëdhënieve
shqiptaro-jugosllave
1956-1960.134
KAPITULLI
I
TRETË
III. KOSOVA
NËAGJENDEN E QEVERISËSHQIPTARE
1960-69.149
III.
1.
Çështja
e
Kosovës ne
fokusin
politik
të
shtetitshqiptar
.149
III.
2.
Interesimi
і
udhëheqjes shqiptare për
gjendjen
ekonomike-shoqërore dhe
kulturore arsimore
të Kosovës.
157
III.
3.
Autonomia-Platformë për
zgjidhjen
e
çështjes se Kosovës
.165
III.
4.
Qëndrimi ndaj demonstratave më
1968.172
8
Shteti shqiptor
dhe
çështja
e Kosovës
1939 -1981
KAPITULU
I
KATËRT
IV.
BASHKËPUNIMI NDËRMJET SHTETIT SHQIPTAR
DHE KOSOVËS
1970-80.185
IV.
1.
Shkëmbimet arsimore, kulturore dhe shkencore
.185
IV.
2.
Lëvizjet
e
shqiptarëve në të dy anët
e
kufirit
.218
IV.
3.
Qëndrimi
¡
udhëheqjes shqiptare ndaj zhvillimeve kryesore në
Kosově
.228
IV.
4.
Platformat
shqiptare
per zgjidhjen e
çështjes së Kosovës
.237
KAPITULU I
PESTE
V.
DEMONSTRATAT
E
VITIT
1981
NË
FOKUSIN
E UDHËHEQJES SHQIPTARE
. 253
V.
1.
Qëndrimi ndaj demonstratave më
1981.253
V.
2.
Objektívat
e shtetit shqiptar ndaj emigracionit nga
Kosova
.268
V.
3.
Informimi
і
udhëheqjes shqiptare për zhvillimet në
Kosově
.282
V.
4.
Akuza të udhëheqjes jugosllave ndaj shtetit shqiptar rreth
demonstratave të vitit
1981.296
V.
5.
Qëndrimi
і
udhëheqjes së Kosovës ndaj shtetit shqiptar për
demonstratat e vitit
1981.304
V.
6.
Vlerësimet dhe komentet e shtypit dhe të diplomatëve të huaj
për rolin e shtetit shqiptar në demonstratat e Kosovës
.313
V.
6.
a) Evropa
dhe SHBA
.313
V.
6.
b)
Vendet
e bllokut
komunist lindor
.327
V.
6.
c)
Azia,
Afrika dhe Amerika
Latine
.334
PËRFUNDIME
.349
CONCLUSION
.359
TREGUESI
I
EMRAVE
.369
FAKSIMILE
TË DOKUMENTEVE ARKIVORE
.381
SHKURTESAT
.405
BURIMET DHE
LITERATURA
.407
BÚRIME
ARKIVORE TË PABOTUARA
.407
BÚRIME
ARKIVORE TË BOTUARA
.408
LITERATURA
HISTORIOGRAFIE
.409
PERIODIKU
.412
KUJTIMETEPERSONAVETËNDRYSHËM
.412
Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja
e Kosovës
1939 -1981
CONCLUSION
•
The state of Albania and issue of
Kosova
1939-1981
has not been
touched as a topic by Albanian or international historiography. Therefore this is an
effort to address the importance of this issue recognizing its weight and to better
understand engagement and commitment of the Albanian state and its political
forces in relation to
Kosova,
unfairly left out of national body by the decisions
of the Powers in
1913.
Kosova
issue as such occupies an important historical
share of Albania and Yugoslavia. Relations between two neighboring states in
this period, determined as an important factor outlining bilateral policies and
configuration of the main principals of Albanian politics. Positions on the issue
of
Kosova
have partially known understanding between the state of Albania and
Yugoslavia, but the main trend has been characterized by conflicting situations
and discordance. Democratization and opening of archives in this context,
making the use of relevant documentations review with contemporary research
methodology has offered an opportunity to address this issue in all its breadth
and depth. For the same event or phenomenon are used different sources,
the comparison which lead to consistency of historical conclusions. Generally,
this monographic study period
1939-1981
derived original contributions to the
subject in question. Within this paper I would emphasize the first chapter, which
deals with World War II period.
•
World War II re-actualized the issue of
Kosova
which would become a
point of objections for Albanians affecting their level of resistance both in
Kosova
and Albania.
Kosova
will be an important issue around which would come out
differences and forces polarization. Furthermore, it came out as problem which
determined orientations of different political currents that directly affected
expansion or contraction of the antifascist coalition. In this case have been
treated and analyzed opinions of all political factors in Albania, which were
divided in their views for resolution of Kosova's issue. Also, political factors in
Kosova
and wider political forces in Yugoslavia have been included on this study.
Their positions as viewed by the international perspective, the policies they
adopted in relation to international developments and conjectures created in
359
Dr. Sabit
Sy
la
favor of realization of the national program, expressing, reflecting and analyzing
the events of those years.
This paper makes analysis of the Albanian position in WWII and its
reflection internationally, which proved to a degree as influential factor in
determination of Kosova's future with the conclusion of the war. Also, it
analyzed the position of Yugoslavia in the international arena and stance of
various political forces and its military approach to the problem of
Kosova
and
Albanians, according to the extent this study requires.Yugoslav factors, whether
nationalists or communists regarded the future of
Kosova
to be within the
Yugoslav state. Position of the anti-fascist movement of
Kosova
is interesting and
relevant to the resolution of the issue. Alternative solution, Kosova's unification
to Albania, unfortunately remained uncompleted option at the end of the war,
rather because of the international community, but also Albanian side itself.
Reconstruction of the post-war Yugoslav state would include
Kosova
as the part
of its territory. Though, International factor opened a dim prospect through the
Atlantic Charter, it never articulated clearly the right of the Albanian people of
Kosova
tojóin
with Albania.
•
In the period between
1945
and
1948,
the issue of
Kosova
was
obliterated by the Albanian state. The violence and terror applied to the Albanian
territories under the Yugoslav state, occasionally extended to Albania proper.
Also, it remained silent in the face of decisions taken by YCP (Yugoslav Communist
Party) in regard to
Kosova.
Furthermore, during the national liberation struggle
in
Kosova,
before the Yalta Conference which restored pre-war borders of
Yugoslavia, as of January
1945
a treaty titled "Alliance and Mutual Assistance
between Albania and Yugoslavia" was signed by both governments (which
actually remained a un-ratified project in parliaments of the two countries). By
this treaty
Kosova
would continue to remain part of Yugoslavia. Only in June
1946,
on the occasion of his visit to Belgrade, Enver Hoxha suggested Tito the
inclusion of the
Kosova
issue in their next treaty to be signed between the
two countries (July
1946),
seeking its future union with Albania. However, the
assertions held by the
СРА
(Communist Party of Albania) during the period in
question
(1945-48),
clearly show that a solution for the issue of
Kosova
has not
been seriously raised by the Albanian leadership.
•
The breakup in Yugoslav-Soviet relations in
1948
was followed by the
rift between Yugoslavia and Albania. Set of events occurred in period between
1948
and
1953
were characterized by further deteriorations in relations of Soviet
Union with Yugoslavia and its allies, but also between Albania and Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia was faced with fierce attacks of communist bloc of states, ideologically
360
Shteti shqiptor dhe çështja
e Kosovës
1939 -1981
exercised by the Information Bureau. Government and Albanian leadership
position in these years would be part of anti-Yugoslav campaign launched by the
Soviet Union and other former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Yugoslav-Albanian relations were aggravated and culminated with their breakup.
This period marks a change in the policy of ALP (Albanian Labor Party) which
clearly spoke out for
Kosova,
seeking the support of the Soviet Union. But, the
latter supported only ideological war against Yugoslavia and not resolution of
the issue of
Kosova.
Albanian leadership carrying Marxist-Leninist ideological garment would
raise its voice at the national level, in meetings, rallies, demonstrations and
congresses on the issue of
Kosova.
Enver Hoxha, would make the issue of Kcsova
and Albanians in Yugoslavia scope of its deliberations, in a series of meetings
organized during this period. Furthermore, the Albanian state government
prepared a draft note
verbale
for the Secretary of the United Nations in New
York regarding crimes, arrests and discrimination against Albanians in Yugoslavia
by the Yugoslav political leadership national.
•
In November
1953,
Albania took
action
to restore diplomatic relations
with Yugoslavia, terminated with the request of Yugoslav government
3
years
ago. On December
21,
the Yugoslav government announced it was ready to
restore diplomatic relations and by
1954
representative offices opened in Tirana
and in Belgrade. The issue of
Kosova
was not part in any of the agreements
concluded between two countries. The development of diplomatic relations
between Albania and Yugoslavia
(1953-1956)
saw the issue of
Kosova
ruled out
of Enver Hoxha's political agenda. This policy was linked again with policy of
reconciliation between the Soviet Union and Tito's Yugoslavia, which occurred
during this period and a kind of strained the East-West relations. However, this
does not mean that the issue of
Kosova
remained completely elapsed. A constant
source of information about Albanians under Yugoslavia was Albanian Legation
in Belgrade, which sent special reports for Yugoslav policy and situation of those
territories, displacement of Albanians to Turkey, and many other problems faced
by Albanian people under Yugoslavia.
•
The aggravation of Yugoslav-Albanian relations in
1956,
revived the
issue of
Kosova
to where it was originally left by the Central Committee of
the ALP, led by Hoxha. Albania's top leadership criticized Yugoslav leadership
for its problems with Albanians in Yugoslavia. Enver Hoxha addressed criticism
to Tito for his policy pursued against Albanians in the period
1953-1956,
for
their national discrimination, displacement to Turkey, the action of weapons
collection, economic, cultural, educational stagnation, etc. The problem of
361
Dr.SabitSyla
Kosova
took place in a series of discussions of Enver Hoxha and in various articles
of the newspaper "Voice of the People". Enver Hoxha held several meetings
with foreign delegations. But in July
1957,
when he had dinner with
Aleksandar
Rankovic in Moscow, according to his own remarks he did not raise the issue
of
Kosova,
nor did he speak for the need of preventing violence and terror
committed against Albanians.
The Albanian legation in Belgrade constantly functioned as relevant
centre
ofinformation
for Tirana state leadership. It would send series of relations
to the Central Committee of Albania's Labor Party regarding overall situation of
Albanians in
Kosova,
economically, socially, culturally and politically. During this
year, Albanian population in Yugoslavia has been termed in various designations;
Albanian minority in Yugoslavia, Albanian minority, national minority and similar,
but it was never treated as a problem of an unjustified re-annexation of Albanian
territories by Yugoslavia against the will of Albanian people. Furthermore,
Hoxha's accounts provide no alternatives or ideas as previously for solution of the
Kosova
issue. Accusations mainly focused on inhumane treatment of Albanian
people in Yugoslavia, their national and economic discrediting. Since
1948
and
on, Albanian leadership feared Yugoslav intelligence hostile activities and its
potential activation against Albania utilizing Albanian political emigration in the
West. Albanian leadership feared not only of Albanian fugitives in Yugoslavia,
but also Albanians from
Kosova
who could be used against it.
•
In the sixties, the political leadership of Albania demonstrated
more active approach on the issue of
Kosova,
carefully following unfolding
events. The struggle for the preservation of national identity in
Kosova
by
the political leadership of Tirana coated with Marxist-Leninist ideology, which
continually characterized as the constant component and favored method of
Albania's communist leadership policymaking in regard to
Kosova.
Constantly
denouncing Serbia's anti-Albanian approach, launching ideological war against
the Yugoslav leadership which oppressed and suppressed legitimate rights of
Albanian population in
Kosova
and throughout the former Yugoslavia. Albania's
political leadership utilized these methods attempting to preserve and protect
national rights, language, customs, traditions and culture in these territories.
An important aspect of the Albanian leadership and its state of diplomatic
leverage maintained further strengthening of the patriotism feelings and of
love for the homeland
-
Albania, as well as struggle for the rights to freedom
and equality within Yugoslavia's framework. In these years Albania's political
leadership articulated the national question of
Kosova
in dozens of meetings,
rallies, organizations, and congresses, which influenced youth and intelligence
362
Shteti shqipîar
dhe çështja
e Kosovës
1939 -1981
of population
¡η
Kosova.
Also, influence of articles published by newspaper
"People's Voice", Radio Tirana programs, and the affective role of the Albanian
Legations in Belgrade, Prague, Vienna, Paris etc. During this period, the Albanian
Communist leadership also expressed its stance on Kosova's political status,
taking into consideration different options and solutions based on national
minority rights, national unification, autonomy, an issue that belonged to the
Kosovars
themselves to establish advancing their political and legal status along
other nations of the Federation.
•
Official Tirana according to evidence of archival documentation was
aware of the political developments taking place in Yugoslavia at the time. It
had gathered abundant material about Tito-Rankovic clique. Enver Hoxha was
constantly briefed on internal developments in Yugoslavia and aspirations of the
republics, through diplomatic and intelligence sources. However, Tirana's political
leadership did not get involved sufficiently to influence these developments. APL
leadership and the Albanian state in
1968,
through ideological means of war
denounced and exposed the Yugoslav leadership for the oppression of Albanian
population in Yugoslavia. Defending the rights of Albanian people it helped their
cause for national affirmation. But this activity did not pass limits of legality, and
never was involved with concrete subversive actions, although Tito's Yugoslav
leadership accused it for interference in the internal affairs. Protection of the
Albanian cause went through modules of Marxist-Leninist and communist
ideology. Albanian leadership did not support the option for "Republic of
Kosova",
but declared its support for the preservation of federal Yugoslavia and
Kosova
under this framework. This attitude was contrary to the requirements
deriving of
1968
demonstrations in
Kosova.
Logic behind the Albanian
leadership could have been its own interests principally, insufficient knowledge
of the real situation in
Kosova,
or the fear that it could become the object of
Serbian reprisals, but also their reservations against the leaders who were at
the forefront of demonstrations. Also, creating a second Albanian republic in
Balkans which may not be as communist as Albania itself or under control of its
leadership, and finally dependence on development of international situations
and adaptation of its course of actions accordingly.
•
Seventies of the 19th century were characterized by increased
interest of Tirana's political leadership for
Kosova
and other Albanian territories
under Yugoslavia. This policy found satisfactory implementation, especially in
the field of education and culture. Improvement of relations between Albania
and
Kosova
should be seen closely related to the international developments,
internal group conflicts in Yugoslavia, and Tito's efforts to strike balance within
363
Dr.SobitSyla
the country, raising awareness of Albanians in
Kosova
that increased their
demands for national rights and free institutions from Serbia. Additionally,
the render of Albanian state interest to improve relations with Yugoslavia, and
in particular with Albanian population in Yugoslavia. In the beginning of the
seventies conditions were enabled to establish direct contacts between Albania
and
Kosova.
This phenomenon happened for the first time since the end of
World War II. Until that time, the relations developed within the framework of
the Yugoslav Federation or the Republic of Serbia, which included
Kosova
within.
After improving the Yugoslav-Albanian relations, the two countries exchanged
diplomatic representatives, and established conditions for having direct relations
between
Kosova
and Albanian state. Taking into consideration the fact that two
countries despite this momentum of closeness have had significant differences
in governance systems, to
Kosova
Albanians these relations would be intense in
cultural, educational, scientific and other spheres of political life.
In this regard, various measures have been developed gradually and put
into effect based on a heuristic plan approved by the leadership of the Albania's
Labor Party directed towards
Kosova
and other Albanian territories. Among
these measures were protocols signed between the State University of Tirana
and University of Prishtina, aimed to provide assistance in raising the level of new
academic staff, specialization and experience to the various departments and
sectors of
STU,
and exchanging academic teaching personnel of the University
of Tirana to UP students and staff. Also, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic
of Albania and the Academy of Sciences and Arts of
Kosova,
signed the Protocol
of cooperation: exchange of experiences and consultation, bibliographic archival
research, scientific field expeditions, lectures and exchanges of scientific
literature. Also, the League of Writers and Artists of Republic of Albania and
Kosova
Association of Composers in order to establish and further strengthen
relations, adopted the Protocol for implementation of cooperation agreement
consisting on exchange of experiences and consulting, lectures, exchange of
musical materials, publications and exchange of visits. Cooperation was agreed
on scientific research between the General Directorate of Albanian State Archives
and Directorate of Archives of
Kosova,
and Radio Television of Tirana and
Prishtina Radio Television. This period of cooperation opened new perspectives
for a long time, even for foreign diplomatic representations of Albania who had
major obligations in regard to the issue of
Kosova.,
•
The issue of
Kosova
in the seventies was part of Albanian government
agenda with speeches, plenums and congresses of the communist country. The
Central Committee of ALP, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Interior, at all
364
Shtetì shqiptar dhe
çështja
e
Kosovës
1939 -1981
times had a clear picture of the processes taking place in
Kosova,
economically,
socially, politically, and in field of education and culture. In particular, the two main
leaders of Albanian state, Enver Hoxha and
Mehmet Shehu
were acknowledged
with all political processes taking place in
Kosova,
having a clear image of general
situation in
Kosova.
They noted that Albanian youth in
Kosova
begun embracing
Marxist-Leninist ideology in strengthening national consciousness, mainly under
the influence of Albanian state. An issue which repeatedly pointed out by Enver
Hoxha, as a need for emergence of such a political class to oppose Tito's ruling
system that would guide to victories people of
Kosova.
•
The political leadership of the Albanian state during the seventies
based on its main estimations identified the Communists League of Yugoslavia,
as the main foe of the Albania's impact and influence with actions against
Albanian nationalism in
Kosova.
Political leadership of Albanians in
Kosova
was
the subject of analysis and conclusions by Albania's leadership and diplomatic
representations of the state. According to these conclusions, it was directed
right from the center acting as strong support of Tito's self-administration line in
all directions. Even after the adoption of the Constitution of
Kosova
in
1974,
the
reviews made by Albanian leadership denounced the ongoing Yugoslav policy of
TitotowardsKosova.lt accused leaders of Tito policy for genocide, imprisonment,
murder, persecutions, deportation, and so on, pointing out and driving mistrust
towards the Yugoslav government and political leaders of
Kosova.
•
Tirana intended to propagate in
Kosova
and other Albanian territories
an opinion that only Albanian state is to be trusted, as the sole and reliable
factor for resolution of Albanian national issue. Regarding solution of Albanian
territories under Yugoslavia, it was considered a matter that lingers between
the Albanian and Yugoslav state. In accordance with the terms and historical
circumstances, nationally and internationally, simultaneously conceptualized as
a separate but also a common issue.
•
The Albanian government drafted a secret military action-plan of
armed intervention in
Kosova.
The plan encoded "Outburst" by Albanian
military forces and armed support of Albanian population in
Kosova,
Macedonia
and Montenegro was designed to liberate
Kosova
and other territories from
the Belgrade regime. Therefore, according to this military action-plan, mainly
based on the arsenal of Albanian army and taking into account militarization
of Albanians in Yugoslavia, over one million infantry weapons would line up in
military formations, with predications to achieve liberation of
Kosova
within
20
days. Dealing with these efforts is a revelation of Albanian historiography.
365
Dr. Sabit Sylo
•
Relations between Albanian state and Yugoslav political actors
became thorny with the outbreak of
1981
demonstrations in
Kosova.
Official
Tirana supported the demands of the demonstrators for
"Kosova
Republic"
denouncing Yugoslav slavery policy against Albanians in
Kosova.
Political Bureau
of the Central Committee and the Government of the Republic of Albania held
a very critical attitude towards Yugoslavia, and in particular towards Serbian
policy. Articles published in Albanian newspaper "Voice of the People", on
8, 23
April and
17
May, reported by the Albanian Telegraphic Agency (ATA), presented
the official position of the Albanian state distributed among diplomats in
many European countries and other countries by the accredited Albanian
diplomatie
representations. Albanian State, through diplomatic channels, led
to the affirmation of the
Kosova
cause, supporting and clarifying demands of
the demonstrators. Regarding the issue, Albanian ambassadors exposed their
political attitudes regarding the events in Kosovo and Yugoslavia, in order to
influence European countries and world in favor of this cause.
•
In order to reach Albanian emigrants with its position for the
events, Albania significantly intensified propaganda. Albania's diplomatic
representations in different countries of the world distributed around
15,000
copies of booklets, which included articles published in the newspaper "Voice
of the People" between
23
April and
17
May
1981.
In addition to this were
shipped some
200-300
pieces Albanian newspaper articles dedicated to events
in Kosovo. The magazine "New Albania" increased its circulation to
5,000
copies
and added a special section dedicated to problems of Albanian territories.
•
Political leadership of Yugoslavia and of Albanians in
Kosova,
denounced these events as counterrevolutionary, nationalistic, irredentist and
so on, proclaiming a series of charges against accusing Tirana for being behind
them. Even international press and foreign diplomats gave differing views and
comments on influence and role of the Albanian state for events held in
Kosova.
Some directly branded Tirana as organizer and influential.
•
Tirana political leadership since the early seventies anticipated
changes in Yugoslavia may occur after Tito's death, even its disintegration.
Future changes in Yugoslavia with Tito's death were foreseen not only by
Albania, but also in international circles. Political leadership of Albanian state
was well-informed about many processes in
Kosova,
although it expected events
to unfold, still had not arrived to conclusion that right conditions were in place
for transforming social and political processes in
Kosova,
in such a powerful way
as it did in
1981.
Therefore, whether or not official Tirana had influenced or
organized demonstrations in
Kosova
remains fully unsubstantiated as we
stil f
366
Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja
e Kosovës
1939 -1981
don't posses archival documents for different reasons. Archival documentation
we had available to consult in some way is itself contradictory.
•
In terms of the general crisis of Yugoslav regime that was extending
its chauvinistic course toward
Kosova,
the absence of Albanian state in
Kosova,
except of the carefully programmed work through radio-television, press and
dissemination of publications had to be compensated in other forms. As the
most important way has been considered continuation and deepening of
collaboration links with emigration from
Kosova
and other Albanian territories
in different countries: Austria, Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, and
other.
367 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Syla, Sabit 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1054107084 |
| author_facet | Syla, Sabit 1976- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Syla, Sabit 1976- |
| author_variant | s s ss |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042088037 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)892015837 (DE-599)BVBBV042088037 |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1981 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1981 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Albania / Relations / Kosovo (Republic) Kosovo (Republic) / Relations / Albania Albania / History / 1912-1944 Albania / History / 1944-1990 Kosovo (Republic) / History / Autonomy and independence movements Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Albania / Relations / Kosovo (Republic) Kosovo (Republic) / Relations / Albania Albania / History / 1912-1944 Albania / History / 1944-1990 Kosovo (Republic) / History / Autonomy and independence movements Jugoslawien Albanien Kosovo |
| id | DE-604.BV042088037 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T00:26:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789951409322 9951409326 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027528962 |
| oclc_num | 892015837 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 413 pages Ill. 22 cm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Inst. i Historisë |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Syla, Sabit 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1054107084 aut Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 Dr. Sabit Syla Albanian state and the issue of Kosovo Prishtinë Inst. i Historisë 2012 413 pages Ill. 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PST: Albanian state and the issue of Kosovo. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1945-1981 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 gnd rswk-swf Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd rswk-swf Albania / Relations / Kosovo (Republic) Kosovo (Republic) / Relations / Albania Albania / History / 1912-1944 Albania / History / 1944-1990 Kosovo (Republic) / History / Autonomy and independence movements Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 g Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 s Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 s Geschichte 1945-1981 z DE-604 Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027528962&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027528962&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Syla, Sabit 1976- Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 Geschichte Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 gnd Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)7748428-9 (DE-588)4170001-6 (DE-588)4079167-1 (DE-588)4028966-7 (DE-588)4001028-4 (DE-588)4032571-4 |
| title | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 |
| title_alt | Albanian state and the issue of Kosovo |
| title_auth | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 |
| title_exact_search | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 |
| title_full | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 Dr. Sabit Syla |
| title_fullStr | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 Dr. Sabit Syla |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës 1939 - 1981 Dr. Sabit Syla |
| title_short | Shteti shqiptar dhe çështja e Kosovës |
| title_sort | shteti shqiptar dhe ceshtja e kosoves 1939 1981 |
| title_sub | 1939 - 1981 |
| topic | Geschichte Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 gnd Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Außenpolitik Albanische Frage Minderheitenpolitik Zweiter Weltkrieg Albania / Relations / Kosovo (Republic) Kosovo (Republic) / Relations / Albania Albania / History / 1912-1944 Albania / History / 1944-1990 Kosovo (Republic) / History / Autonomy and independence movements Jugoslawien Albanien Kosovo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027528962&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027528962&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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