Cerebellar learning:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2014
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Series: | Progress in brain research
210 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 297 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780444633569 0444633561 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Cerebellar learning
Autor: Ramnani, Narender
Jahr: 2014
Contents
Contributors...............................................................................................................v
Preface....................................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER 1 Long-Term Depression as a Model of Cerebellar
Plasticity......................................................................................i
Masao Ito, Kazuhiko Yamaguchi, Soichi Nagao,
Tadashi Yamazaki
1. A Historical Overview of LTD Studies.........................................2
1.1. Leading Theories....................................................................2
1.2. Experimental Approach to LTD and Motor Learning...........3
1.3. Memory Mechanisms in the Cerebellum...............................3
1.4. Recent Issues..........................................................................4
2. Molecular Mechanisms of LTD.....................................................4
2.1. Signal Transduction Underlying LTD...................................4
2.2. Constitutive Trafficking of AMPA Receptors.......................6
2.3. Receptor Recycling in LTP....................................................7
2.4. Receptor Recycling in LTD...................................................8
3. Roles of LTD in Motor Learning...................................................9
3.1. Adaptation of HOKR..............................................................9
3.2. Adaptation of HVOR............................................................11
3.3. LTD in Fast HOKR Adaptation...........................................11
3.4. Memory Transfer in Slow HOKR Adaptation.....................12
3.5. LTD and Memory Transfer..................................................13
3.6. Saccade and Other Reflexes.................................................13
3.7. Arm Movement.....................................................................14
4. Significance of LTD in Cerebellar Neural Network....................14
4.1. Role of Plasticity: Memory Formation Versus
Signal Enhancement.............................................................14
4.2. Induction Mechanism: Climbing-Fiber Specific
Changes Versus Nonspecific Changes.................................16
4.3. Learning Principles: Supervised Learning
Versus Unsupervised Learning.............................................17
4.4. Ideal Location for Memory: Purkinje Cells
Versus Other Cells................................................................17
4.5. Memory Formation Process: Acquisition
Versus Consolidation............................................................18
4.6. Time at Impairment: Mature Brain Versus
Developing Brain..................................................................18
ix
Contents
5. LTD Versus Learning Mismatch..................................................19
5.1. Experimental Gaps in Testing of LTD and
Motor Learning.....................................................................19
5.2. Compensation Might Restore Motor Learning....................20
5.3. Limitations in Testing LTD in Slices..................................20
6. Perspectives...................................................................................21
Acknowledgments........................................................................22
References.....................................................................................22
CHAPTER 2 The Organization of Plasticity in the
Cerebellar Cortex: From Synapses to Control...............31
Egidio D Angelo
1. Introduction...................................................................................32
2. Plasticity in the Granular Layer...................................................34
3. Mossy Fiber-Granule Cell LTP and LTD...................................34
3.1. Plasticity in the Granular Layer Inhibitory Circuit.............35
3.2. Plasticity in the Granular Layer In Vivo..............................35
3.3. The Consequences of Granular Layer Plasticity:
Geometry, Timing, and Coding...........................................35
3.4. Theoretical Implications.......................................................36
4. Plasticity in the Molecular Layer.................................................37
4.1. Mechanisms of Postsynaptic Parallel Fiber
LTP and LTD.......................................................................37
4.2. Mechanisms of Presynaptic Parallel Fiber
LTP and LTD.......................................................................39
4.3. Mechanisms of Climbing Fiber LTD...................................40
4.4. Plasticity of Purkinje Cell Intrinsic Excitability..................40
4.5. Plasticity at Molecular Layer Inhibitory Synapses..............40
4.6. The Neurophysiological Consequences of Molecular
Layer Plasticity.....................................................................41
4.7. The Behavioral Consequences of Molecular
Layer Plasticity.....................................................................42
5. An Integrated View of Cerebellar Cortical Plasticity..................42
5.1. Potentiation of Transmission Channels and
Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the Mossy Fiber Pathway............44
5.2. Contrast Enhancement and Geometrical
Organization of Plasticity.....................................................45
5.3. Coordination of Plasticity During Patterned
Circuit Activity.....................................................................45
5.4. Gating of Plasticity by Neuromodulatory
Systems.................................................................................46
Contents
6. Cerebellar Cortical Plasticity and Timing....................................46
7. Integration of Plasticity in the Cerebellar Cortex
and Nuclei.....................................................................................47
7.1. Plasticity in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei..............................48
7.2. The Effect of Integrated Plasticity in the
Cerebellar Cortex and Nuclei...............................................48
8. Cerebellar Plasticity in Learning and Control.............................49
9. Conclusions...................................................................................50
Acknowledgments........................................................................51
References.....................................................................................51
CHAPTER 3 Questioning the Cerebellar Doctrine................................59
Elisa Galliano, Chris I. De Zeeuw
1. The Cerebellar Doctrine and Its Three Pillars.............................59
2. The First Pillar: The Sole Cerebellar Function
Is to Control Motor Behavior.......................................................61
3. The Second Pillar: Inputs Converge Only at the
Level of Purkinje Cells.................................................................68
4. The Third Pillar: Depression at the Parallel Fiber to Purkinje
Cell Synapse Is the Molecular Substrate of Cerebellar Learning....70
5. Concluding Remarks.....................................................................72
References.....................................................................................73
CHAPTER 4 Distribution of Neural Plasticity in
Cerebellum-Dependent Motor Learning...........................79
Michael Longley, Christopher H. Yeo
1. Introduction...................................................................................79
2. Cerebellum-Dependent Learning—Eyeblink and NMR
Conditioning as Behavioral Models for Analysis........................81
3. Lesion Studies Reveal that NMR Conditioning Depends
upon Cerebellar Compartments with CI and C3 Cortical
Zones in Lobule HVI....................................................................83
4. Inactivation Experiments Reveal Essential Roles
for the Cerebellar Nuclei and Inferior Olive in the
Acquisition of NMR and Eyeblink Conditioning........................87
5. Inferior Olive Function in NMR and Eyeblink
Conditioning..................................................................................89
6. Cerebellar Cortex Function in NMR and Eyeblink
Conditioning..................................................................................91
7. Distribution of Plasticity at Cerebellar Cortical and
Cerebellar Nuclear, or Brainstem, Levels....................................92
Contents
8. Cortical Plasticity in NMR and Eyeblink Conditioning..............94
9. Conclusions...................................................................................95
Acknowledgment..........................................................................95
References.....................................................................................95
CHAPTER 5 Feedback Control of Learning by the
Cerebello-Olivary Pathway.................................................103
Anders Rasmussen, Germund Hesslow
1. Feedback is Essential for Learning............................................104
2. Anticipating Consequences.........................................................104
3. Classical Conditioning................................................................105
4. The Cerebellar Microcomplex....................................................106
5. Classical Conditioning Requires the Cerebellum......................108
6. The Nucleo-Olivary Pathway and Negative Feedback..............108
7. Reaching Equilibrium.................................................................Ill
8. Back to Behavior........................................................................114
9. Feedback, Anticipation, and Nucleo-Olivary Inhibition............114
10. Broadening the Perspective........................................................115
References...................................................................................117
CHAPTER 6 Cerebellum-Dependent Motor Learning: Lessons
from Adaptation of Eye Movements in Primates........121
Suryadeep Dash, Peter Thier
1. Introduction.................................................................................122
2. Adaptation of the VOR...............................................................122
3. Short-Term Saccadic Adaptation................................................124
4. Smooth Pursuit Adaptation.........................................................126
5. Oculomotor Cerebellum—An Overview....................................128
6. Floccular Complex......................................................................130
6.1. Anatomical Considerations.................................................130
6.2. Role of FC in VOR and VOR Adaptation.........................130
6.3. Role of FC in SPEMs and SPA.........................................132
7. Oculomotor Vermis....................................................................134
7.1. Anatomical Considerations.................................................134
7.2. Role of the OMV in Saccades, STSA,
and Saccadic Resilience.....................................................135
7.3. Role of the OMV in SPEMs, SPA, and SPEM
Resilience............................................................................142
8. Complex Spike Activity During STSA and SPA......................144
9. Conclusions.................................................................................149
References...................................................................................149
Contents xiii
CHAPTER 7 Decorrelation Learning in the Cerebellum:
Computational Analysis and Experimental
Questions..................................................................................157
Paul Dean, John Porrill
1. Introduction.................................................................................158
2. Implementation of Learning Rule..............................................160
2.1. STDP Version.....................................................................160
2.2. Experimental Questions......................................................162
3. Properties of Learning Rule.......................................................164
4. Sensory Prediction......................................................................165
4.1. The Reafference Problem...................................................165
4.2. General Sensory Prediction................................................173
5. Motor Control.............................................................................173
5.1. Signaled-Avoidance Learning............................................173
5.2. Gaze Stabilization...............................................................177
5.3. General Motor Control.......................................................180
6. Future Directions........................................................................181
6.1. Coordination.......................................................................181
6.2. Cognitive Tasks..................................................................182
Appendix Derivation of Supervised-Learning Rule..................184
Acknowledgments......................................................................185
References...................................................................................185
CHAPTER 8 Modeling the Evolution of the Cerebellum:
From Macroevolution to Function....................................193
Jeroen B. Smaers
1. Cerebellum, Learning, and Human Evolution...........................193
2. Evolutionary Neuroscience and Its Adoption of the
Cerebellum..................................................................................194
3. Comparative Studies of Cerebellar Connectivity.......................197
4. Macroevolutionary Studies of the Cerebellum..........................198
4.1. (Phylogenetic) Scaling: Who Has the Biggest
Cerebellum?........................................................................198
4.2. Phylogenetic Correlations: Toward Patterns of
Evolutionary Connectivity..................................................203
4.3. Phylogenetic Mapping: Inferring Detailed
Patterns of Evolutionary History........................................204
5. How Can Macroevolutionary Studies Contribute
to Our Understanding of Cerebellar Function?..........................207
6. Summary.....................................................................................210
Contents
Acknowledgment........................................................................211
References...................................................................................211
CHAPTER 9 Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex Contributions
to Adaptation, Strategies, and Reinforcement
Learning....................................................................................217
Jordan A. Taylor, Richard B. Ivry
1. Introduction.................................................................................217
2. The Cerebellum and Error-Based Learning...............................218
3. Computational Models of Sensorimotor Adaptation.................222
4. Multiple Learning Mechanisms in Sensorimotor
Adaptation...................................................................................224
5. Strategy Use During Sensorimotor Adaptation..........................229
6. Cerebellar and Neocortical Contributions to
Sensorimotor Adaptation............................................................234
7. Systems Interaction in Sensorimotor Learning..........................238
8. Cerebellum and Sensorimotor Learning: Beyond
Adaptation...................................................................................243
9. Conclusions.................................................................................245
Acknowledgments......................................................................246
References...................................................................................246
CHAPTER 10 Automatic and Controlled Processing in the
Corticocerebellar System...................................................255
Narender Ramnani
1. Dual Systems, Skills, and Habits...............................................256
2. Control Theory............................................................................257
3. The Cerebellum and Forward Models........................................259
4. Cognitive Habits.........................................................................265
4.1. Cerebellar Cortex and Higher Level Feedback.................269
4.2. Could Climbing Fibers Convey Errors Related to
Cognitive Processing?........................................................271
4.3. Cerebellar Communication with the Dopamine System ...275
5. Conclusion...................................................................................277
Acknowledgment........................................................................278
References...................................................................................278
Index.......................................................................................................................287
Other volumes in PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH..............................................295
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| spelling | Cerebellar learning ed. by Narender Ramnani 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2014 XIV, 297 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Progress in brain research 210 Kognitive Kompetenz (DE-588)4164465-7 gnd rswk-swf Kleinhirn (DE-588)4125073-4 gnd rswk-swf Motorik (DE-588)4040385-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Kleinhirn (DE-588)4125073-4 s Kognitive Kompetenz (DE-588)4164465-7 s Motorik (DE-588)4040385-3 s DE-604 Ramnani, Narender Sonstige (DE-588)1058449044 oth Progress in brain research 210 (DE-604)BV008000363 210 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027522338&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cerebellar learning Progress in brain research Kognitive Kompetenz (DE-588)4164465-7 gnd Kleinhirn (DE-588)4125073-4 gnd Motorik (DE-588)4040385-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164465-7 (DE-588)4125073-4 (DE-588)4040385-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Cerebellar learning |
| title_auth | Cerebellar learning |
| title_exact_search | Cerebellar learning |
| title_full | Cerebellar learning ed. by Narender Ramnani |
| title_fullStr | Cerebellar learning ed. by Narender Ramnani |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cerebellar learning ed. by Narender Ramnani |
| title_short | Cerebellar learning |
| title_sort | cerebellar learning |
| topic | Kognitive Kompetenz (DE-588)4164465-7 gnd Kleinhirn (DE-588)4125073-4 gnd Motorik (DE-588)4040385-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kognitive Kompetenz Kleinhirn Motorik Aufsatzsammlung |
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