Dziadoszanie: plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku
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| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Głogów
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa
2014
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 257 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788363349066 |
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Record in the Search Index
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SPIS TREŚCI
Od
autora
.4
Wstęp
.5
1.
Cel i zakres pracy
.5
2.
Stan i dzieje badań
.8
Rozdział I. Charakterystyka źródeł archeologicznych
.11
1.
Stopień rozpoznania
.11
2.
Podstawy datowania
.14
Rozdział
II.
Środowisko naturalne
.31
Rozdział III. Rozwój form osadniczych
.42
1.
Środowisko naturalne stanowisk
.42
2.
Położenie stanowisk na tle ukształtowania terenu
. 42
3.
Rozmieszczenie stanowisk na tle gleb
.45
4.
Położenie stanowisk w stosunku do hydrografii
.52
5.
Wielkość osad
.54
6.
Rozplanowanie i zabudowa osad
.57
7.
Budownictwo
.73
8.
Grody
.82
Rozdział
IV.
Podstawy gospodarcze
.105
1.
Rolnictwo
.105
2.
Hodowla
.109
3.
Łowiectwo
.113
4.
Rybołówstwo
.114
5.
Obróbka metali
.115
6.
Garncarstwo
.120
7.
Kamieniarstwo
.122
8.
Obróbka poroża i kości
.124
9.
Włókiennictwo
.129
10.
Kontakty dalekosiężne
.130
Rozdział
V.
Organizacja społeczno-polityczna
.139
1.
Główne fazy rozwoju
.139
Podsumowanie
.148
Katalog stanowisk archeologicznych
.153
Objaśnienia
.153
Katalog stanowisk archeologicznych z woj. dolnośląskiego
.156
Katalog stanowisk archeologicznych z obszaru woj. lubuskiego
.229
Literatura
.239
Dziadoszanie
-
the tribe that lived on the Land of Glogow
up until the X century (Summary)
.249
Dziadoszanie
-
the tribe that lived on the Land of Glogow up until the X century
(Summary)
,.
The concepts included in this book represent the attempts to recreate different types
of settlement processes and economic and socio-political changes taking place on the
Dziadoszanies territory in the early Middle Ages. These concepts were investigated pri¬
marily on the basis of archeological materials.
The work covers the entire tribal period of the early Middle Ages,
from V/VI c
to the
mid-tenth century, and is divided into phase
А, В
and
С
A detailed analysis of archeological sources allowed making some important observa¬
tions about the area of settlement processes that are the points of our focus.
The analysis of ceramic materials was not only the starting point, but also made it pos¬
sible to establish the chronology of particular groups. The systematic of clay dishes (Fig.
4-7)
was proposed, which would help to date a larger number of sites. On the basis of the
criterion of the execution, three technical groups were distinguished
-
hand-made pots
(GT I), slightly tossed near the edges (GT II) and tossed to the bend of the belly. Then,
these groups were divided into types. The pottery with the characteristic of the province
culture of Prague was considered to be the oldest. It was characterized by a specific form
of a hand-made, egg-shaped vessel, without any ornaments and with short banks situated
vertically or slightly swinging out (GT I, type
2).
Another characteristic group was made
up by the pottery that indicated strong links with the area of Tornow-Klenica, character¬
ized mainly by a more developed form of double cone-shaped pots, partly tossed in the
upper part and often decorated mainly with horizontal shafts. We have materials from its
early stage, referring to the so-called Aj group by
Z.Hilczerówna,
that is closely associated
with the late Roman pottery of the
Przeworsk
culture (GT I, type
6;
GT II, type
6).
The
appearance of partly tossed dishes with the traces of
artisanal
method of processing in
phase
С
can be explained by the sort of standard pottery output expressing uniform and
stylistic features. It had an interregional range and covered the whole area between the
middle
Łaba
and
Warta
Rivers, although some of its common features also had ceramic
groups from central Poland and Moravia and Bohemia.
The analysis of the natural environmental relationships and points of settlement
revealed a number of interesting and significant dependencies. Worth mentioning is
the analysis of the archeological sites in relation to the distinguished geomorphologi-
cal forms, which took into account both the area of Dalkowskie Hills and ice-marginal
valley of
Głogów
and to some extent
Leszczyńska
upland. It showed that, regardless of
the diversity of the natural landscape, tribal settlement of the early Middle Ages was
concentrated in each of its distinguished phases, in the areas that were most favorable
for the development of various forms of economic activity. Settlements were mainly es¬
tablished in the area of two morphological forms. On Dalkowskie Hills area, there were
mainly the edges of uplands of strongly crimped ground moraine
(18.8%)
and higher
areas located on the zone of terminal moraine hills
(25.0%).
However, on the valley area
250
Dziadoszanie. Plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w
X
wieku
of the ice-marginal valley of
Głogów,
it was estimated that the settlements were located
on the ground terrace
(38.7%),
which covered mainly various sizes of sandy dunes, rising
slightly above the level of the surrounding fields and meadows.
Distribution of settlement within the geomorphological forms described above, in¬
volves the type of soil cover. Soil as a part of natural environment, often decided on the
selection of the place of residence. The analysis shows that the types of soil preferred
by the settlers were alluvial soils. Their share in the overall occurrence for this area was
about
32%
and the settlement points recorded within its area had the highest percent¬
age rate
(36.5%).
The next types of soils with high utility were brown lixiviated soils
and acid brown soils, where we have found quite high number
- 24.2%
of the settle¬
ment points. In contrast, to a lesser extent,
8.2%
of settlement points were registered on
proper brown soils, which generally occupied about
26%
of the analyzed area. The next
group consisted of proper black soil, gray and black degraded lands. These types of soils
were generally highly productive; therefore, they were intensively exploited economi¬
cally in the early Middle Ages. It was proved by their small range of only
2.1%
of the
analyzed area and relatively large number of settlement points
- 13.9%.
However, spodic
and pseudbsodic soils were used in a small amount; they covered approximately
35%
of
the area. Registered settlement points did not show any dense settlements
-
only
8.8%.
Types of soil that could be used for various crops, breeding and agriculture were
identified in the area not far away from the specified settlement points. Nevertheless,
alluvial soils were dominant
(36.7%),
then brown lixiviated soils and acid brown soils
(22.6%),
proper black soils
(16.2%),
gray and black degraded soils
(8.8%),
brown soils
(11.3%)
and spodic and pseudosodic soils
(4.4%).
The analysis of the relationship between settlement points and hydrography gave
interesting results. It confirms the view that settlements usually had close access to
surface waters. In our case, the biggest number of settlement points was noted in three
ranges of distance: mainly from
100
to
250
m
(31.2%),
slightly less than
50
to
100
m
(28.5%),
then to
50
m
(19.8%).
Only
13.3%
of the sites were at a considerable distance
and
4.6%
of settlement points were located directly over the water.
Interesting results can also be observed on the basis of the size of the settlements. Gen¬
erally, during the tribal period, most of settlement points
- 50.8%
were located in the sec¬
ond size range i.e. from
0.25
to
0.5
hectares of the areas occupied in all phases, followed
by
20%
in the range of
0.25
ha. Sites in the range from
0.5
to
1.0
ha occurred in a smaller
number. In contrast, only
2.6%
of recorded settlement points were in the rage from
1.0
to
2.5
ha and only
0.2%
in range of more than
2.5
ha. A similar percentage system has been
established in all phases, except phase C. In phase C, there were exceptionally big settle¬
ments in the range of more than
2.5
ha
(0.5%).
The analysis of the layout and building settlements was based on the sites that have
been studied sufficiently to determine the spatial organization. In eight cases, inline or
double-inline (so-called linear settlement) development could be verified, additionally
omnidirectional with a central square called rundling or oval and unguided develop¬
ment, with compact and dispersed system of buildings.
Dziadoszanie
-
the tribe that lived on the Land ofGlogow up until the X century
251
An interesting issue was also a function of settlement objects. On the basis of analy¬
sis of the size, shape and cultural content of the fill, it was found that the residue of
the residential building was mainly bathtub-shaped, oval or similar to rectangle with
rounded corners objects, in cross-section in a form of basin with the furnace. This type
of building occurred throughout the period of our interest. Another specific form of ac-
comodation were square half-dugouts with columnar or carcass walls and the furnace
in one of the corners.
The relics of the accommodation spaces, in some cases, provided information about
their original appearance. For a large number of objects in which there were no signs
of construction, it could be assumed that the rest of the buildings had the log construc¬
tion. In some cases a roof ridge was supported by the supporting elements called plough.
Another observed type of wall construction was a puppet
-
which was a grooving pole.
Sometimes a combination of puppet technique, log construction and on internal plough
could be found. Therefore, it could be estimated that the design and construction often
varied within a single object in a combination of several techniques.
Another important issue are fortified settlements. Based on the collected source ma¬
terials, the information about twenty gords was estimated. They represented a form of
a small
gord,
with an inside area of
0.2
to
0.8
ha, surrounded by a single main shaft and
a dry moat (in the case of upland areas) and wet moat (in the case of lowland area). The
vast majority of these settlements were circular or oval establishments and irregular ones
which were blended into surrounding.
While considering the issue of the economic base of the inhabitants
ofthat
region, it
was examined that from the first phase of the early Middle Ages there was a high level of
development in the basic form of food gathering and production. Archeological sources
have shown that already in phase A inhabitants used cultivation. It was a manual cultiva¬
tion, in small gardens in the vicinity of buildings and cultivation with the help of animals
-
in the fields a bit away from the settlement. The cultivation was dominated by rye, then
millet, wheat, oats and peas, broad beans and linen. This state persisted throughout the
whole tribal period.
Another mainstay of the economy was animal husbandry. It was possible due to fa¬
vorable environmental conditions. Based on the analysis of skeletal remains it was noted
that pigs
(50.3%
of domestic animals bones), cattle
(41.4%)
and goat/sheep
(6.1%)
had
the dominant role in the culture during tribal period. In small extent, only
0.8%
of horse
bones were recorded. Similarly number
(0.6%)
of dog bones was also found. Apart from
mammals, the poultry farming (goose, hen) was also present
- 0.7%
of domestic animals
bones. Such situation in the farming structure can be explained by the availability of fod¬
der, the ability to use not only the undergrowth and ground vegetation in riparian forests
of deciduous trees, but also many rushes and feeders. It may suggest that in the summer,
herds of cattle and hogs were pastured outside rural farms in half-wide state.
Other areas of the economy, such as hunting and fishing were of a little importance,
but fulfilled a significant role in the lives of inhabitants, as an additional means of obtain¬
ing food. And so, the biggest percentage was connected with roe deer
(2.1%),
followed by
rabbit
(0.8%),
deer
(0.5%),
wild boar
(0.1%),
beaver
(0.1%)
and squirrel
(0.1%).
252
Dziadoszanie. Plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w
X
wieku
A small part of ichthyological remains does not deny the importance of fishing in the
life of contemporary society. The remains offish and tools for their catch left in the fill are
proof of this. It can be assumed that the most important species were carp fish, including
bream and roach. Additionally, a large role was played by pike, perch and zander.
The next important issue is the development of craft production. Already in the old¬
est phases of the early Middle Ages there were certified traces of local production of iron,
which was based primarily on local resources of raw materials. It seems that metallurgy
and smithing were both practiced by the same specialists. All of the tested objects had
higher phosphorus content due to low technical level of iron. However, some technical
treatments aimed at curing the work, such as carburizing and hardening, were also used.
Another area of production certified by sources is pottery. In the period that interests
us ceramic dishes can be divided into two basic groups: formed manually, so created by
using domestic methods and by tossing dishes on the pottery's wheel, so derived from
the hands of the craftsman. The first type of dishes was executed personally by the villag¬
ers. However, dishes tossed on the pottery's wheel technically differed from those formed
manually and required specialized workshop. According to the general hypothesis, they
were probably created by the itinerant potter. Technique, form and ornamentation in
many respects referred to the pottery of the late Roman period. Further development of
the pottery is visible in the phase C. There were already tossed vessels with puffed to the
highest level bellies, usually covered with various ornaments. It would be connected with
further specialization of work of the craftsman.
Generally, we believe that the economy of our region was self-sufficient. Despite the
presence of some items of foreign origin that suggested far-reaching contacts.
A fragment of glass dish and two corneous combs, derived by some researchers from
the South-Frankish workshops, deserve special attention. Equally distant provenance
is characteristic for the brown spiral bead, which may be connected with the Avar en¬
vironment. Findings from the A and
В
phase indicate the cultural connection with the
West and South. The durability of contacts is confirmed by the slightly younger and
overrepresented imports from this area. The connection with the South is certified in
phase
С
by the discovery of ornaments (glass beads, silver earrings) and weapons (axes,
spearheads) that were characteristic for the Czech-Moravian lands. Some elements of
the riding equipment are also of the western origin (spurs form
Obiszów
and
Żukowice).
However, the relations with neighboring areas are certified by the large collection of iron
bowls of Silesian type.
The analysis of the forms of settlement and economic activities made it possible to
draw interesting conclusions about socio-political organization of the citizens of the re¬
gion. In the light of presented research, our settlement cluster was culturally associated
with the western and north-western part of the Slavs. We are dealing with elements of
various influences, also southern (Prague's cultural province), which by the time domi¬
nated the typical characteristic of the lowland area of Tornow-Klenica.
Already in the oldest A and
В
phase, the stability of the settlement can be discussed.
Even then, a clear settlement groups draw their lines, clustering open inline settlements
and double-inline settlements so-called linear settlements and omnidirectional with
Dziadoszanie
-
the tribe that lived on the Land ofGlogow up until the X century
253
a central square called rundling or an oval and unguided developments with a compact
arrangement of objects. The existence of the territorial communities such as patronym¬
ics (family relationship) can be assumed. These communities had the ability to defend
the lives and the property of all its members. It is connected with the creation of the first
gords in the phase
С
Their creation was a result
f
a sense of danger, as well as integrity
of the local population. Gords were built along with the shaping of neighboring com¬
munities, originally known as
"żupy".
So the creation of the gords should be associated
with a number of processes, including economic and socio-political processes, initiated
probably under the influence of the tornowsko-klenicki circle. That was proved, by the
presence of the small size fortifications in our area. It can be assumed that their primary
function was holding of the central
gord
ward and as the basic of territorial organiza¬
tional section of small political units, which also were the first abode to single out a group
of the powerful people.
The analysis of settlement points showed that in our region, in phase C, there were
seventeen distinct settlement clusters. Each cluster had one or two gords within its area,
as well as
28
settlement groups composed of the same sediments.
Having that in mind, it could be determined that these clusters were settlement wards
and that within their area, fortified settlements were the centers of wards, including from
few to several settlement points, covering the area from
5
km2 to
25
km2. However, in the
case of settlement groups composed of only sediments, we have dealt with the concentra¬
tion of small or middle-sized clusters. They contained from
2
to
8
settlement points and the
area from
2
to about
8
km2 and from
16
to about
40
larger settlement points covering the
area of
12
to about
30
km2.
On the basis of the above observations, we can most certainly identify our settlement
cluster with the territory of Dziadoszanie tribe. It covered approximately
1,500
km2 of
the area and on its border it had a network of gords, creating
17
wards. It is worth men¬
tioning, that the number is appropriate with the Bavarian Geographers message, which
reported about
20
civitates.
The recreation of socio-political organization of the citizens during the tribal period
is not easy. Due to the lack of any written sources, as well as necropolic materials, this
problem could only be delineated. An important argument that should be taken into ac¬
count is the compact settlement system, which was one of the most densely populated ar¬
eas of Lower Silesia (Lodowski
1980: 167).
The attractiveness of this area is also certified
by dense settlement clusters from Neolithic (Kulczycka-Leciejewska, map
1-2)
and by
the Bronze Age and the early
La Tene
period
(Mierzwiński
1997: 61-116)
to the Roman
period (Hilczerówna, Urbańska-Losińska
1970: 61 - 71,
map
1).
This area was attractive
for different groups of people, including the tribal communities of the early Middle Ages.
The issues presented in the previous chapters on the basis of the archeological sourc¬
es may indirectly reproduce some elements of the social organization of regional popula¬
tion of the area of interest.
According to our research, the stability of the settlement may be observed in the oldest
phase A of the early Middle Ages. It was composed by the rural community living in the
sediments, which was defined by the most convenient territory for the general existence.
254
Dziadoszanie. Plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w
X
wieku
In our
region
there were clearly three settlement clusters
(
still a bit scattered) covering the
area between
Żukowice
and Dobrzejowice, Nosocice and
Przedmość
and
Krzekotówek
and single points occurring in the eastern and western parts of the area (map
1).
On the basis of the archeological data it is difficult to clearly establish what rela¬
tionships occurred between the inhabitants of the various settlements. However, there
is no doubt that in phase B, this community began to consolidate their settlements in
areas already inhabited. It is visible in the growth of the settlement points and in shap¬
ing of new settlement clusters between the
Stara Rzeka, Krzydłowice
and
Proszków,
and
around Szlichtyngowa,
Małoszowice,
Popçszyce
and between Nieciecza and Drwaiowice
(map
2).
In these clusters, both in phases A and B, there were open sediments. In their
areas, there were residential buildings (mostly from a few to several m2) and farm build¬
ings, forming a system of inline or double-inline buildings (called linear settlements) and
omnidirectional with central square (called rundling or oval-shaped settlements), and
also unguided with a compact arrangement of objects (see Sec.
4.2.1).
Probably, these
were the territorial communities of patronymic type
(Hilczerówna
1967:253;
Leciejewicz
1989: 91).
In these communities the basic social unit was the
gord,
composed of a few or
several small unrelated families living in one area and managing a particular area, used
for farming and breeding.
In the light of archeological research our settlement cluster, in the oldest phases of
the Middle Ages, was part of a broader cultural group, which comprised the western
and north-western part of the Slavs. Perhaps it is also influenced by the Prague cultural
province. According to the material gathered on the
żukowice
sediments,
M.Parczewski
called this a phase of
a żukowices
group of Sukow-Dziedzice
(Szeligi) (Parczewski
1988a:
115).
Other important components of the culture are certainly the early findings of pot¬
tery of
Torno
w-Klenica type (GT I, type
б
and GT II, type
6).
The findings refer to the
oldest phase, named by the
Z.Hilczerówna- Al
Group, and make connection with the
late Roman culture of
Przeworsk (Hilczerówna
1967,
Kurnatowska
1984: 388 - 392;
Leciejewicz
1976: 55).
The source materials form phase
С
clearly confirmed further consolidation of settle¬
ment points in the areas inhabited in previous phases. Marked increase of the settlement
points and their visible concentration were also noticed (map
3
and
4).
This territorial community with patronymic features had the ability to defend lives
and the property of all its members. It was proved by the formation of the first gords in
phase C. Their formation was a result of a sense of danger and integration of local popu¬
lation
(Hilczerówna
1967: 253).
Building of gords was accompanied by shaping of the
neighboring communities, originally known as
"żupy"
(Leciejewicz
1989: 93).
Probably
it was also accompanied by the diversification of property of residents. So the essence
of the
gord
should be associated with various processes, including social, economic and
political processes, initiated by the tornowski-klenicki circle. This is a reason for the pres¬
ence of small size fortifications. Nowadays, it is hard to establish their functions. It was
assumed that their primary function was to be the central
gord
ward with the leading
military position
(Hilczerówna
1967: 255 - 258;
Heremann
1966;
Leciejewicz
1976: 95
- 100).
Due to the small-sized
gord
and in case of external danger, it was impossible to
Dziadoszame
-
the tribe
Üiat
lived on the Land ofGlogow up until the X century
255
accommodate a bigger number of people with their belongings. So, it can be assumed
that the most valuable part of the belongings was left in the
gord,
and the rest was car¬
ried by the owners. This interpretation is partly verified by the finding of grain supplies,
mainly in
Popęszyce
where the reservoir had the capacity of about
2701
and stored rye,
wheat, millet and oats. Small size of gords, omnidirectional development gathering a few
or several buildings around undeveloped
maidan
were probably intended for crew de¬
fending the territory. Another observation suggests that the social groups not only had to
take care of the object itself, but also had to pay tribute to their inhabitants
(Hilczerówna
1967: 258 - 259;
Leciejewicz
1977: 116; 1989:
95n). Furthermore, the case of socio-eco¬
nomic issues of these objects occurs. They are considered to be the place of the primary
territorial organization section, small political units, which also were the first abodes to
single out a group of the powerful people (Hense
1965: 325;
Hilczerówna
1967: 255,280;
Leciejewicz
1989: 98).
Based on the concentration of the settlement points it could be assumed that in our
area there were clear twofold clusters at this phase (Fig.
69).
On the one hand, we are
dealing with seventeen clusters, which in their district had one or two gords. Therefore,
they could be defined as
gord
wards and defensive areas as their centers. And on the other
hand,
28
settlement groups composed of sediments.
In the first case, the size of our settlement wards varies from 5km2 to 25km2. The
smallest settlement wards were found in
Gordziec Maty, Popęszyce, Rudziny
and
Stara
Rudna.
They include only currently known settlement and neighboring sediment, there¬
fore it is difficult to determine their actual area. There is more information about the
gord
circle in Olszany (approximately 5km2), where the cluster is visible and includes
gord
and
a few settlement points in its area, and similar
gord
wards in Lipowiec (approximately
5km2) and Moszowice (approximately 5km2). The rest of the settlement wards belongs
to the wards of the bigger surface (from 8km2 to
25
km2). These include the ward with
the central
gord
in Orsk (approximately 10km2), Dankowice (approximately 8km2) and
Bardodzieje with slightly remote settlement points (approximately 8km2). The next clus¬
ter with the central
gord
in Chobienia (approximately 15km2) and it contained settle¬
ment along the
Odra
River, on the edge of the moraine. The gords in Dobrzejowice and
Bieńków
had the same size (both approximately 15km2). However, the biggest cluster was
found in the area of
gord
in
Krzydłowice (Grodziszcze)
(approximately 25km2).
The presence of two fortifying settlements is very interesting. These are mainly clus¬
ters with the gords in
Dalków
and
Gostyń
(approximately 12km2), then
Obiszów
(ap¬
proximately 15km2) and
Przedmość
(approximately
25
km2) which all were distant for
about
2
km. That unique location, especially of the
gord
in
Przedmość
(including dyadic
one), was connected with their important central location in comparison to all other
clusters of settlement. The
gord
in
Gostyń,
probably could be one of a few known back
then cult places in western Slavs, which had the hieratic nature and focused all the inhab¬
itants of neighboring settlements (Leciejewicz
1987:
Moździoch
2000:155 - 175).
In that
case, the nearby
gord
in
Dalków
could be the central settlement. It is hard to establish the
relation between both gords in
Obiszów,
which were distant for about
1
km. On the one
hand, the presence of two fortifying settlements next to each other (according to the ar-
256
Dziadoszanie. Plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w
X
wieku
chival
information
there should be four of them) and the
gord
in
Bieńkówin
the distance
of
3
km on the west, could be explained by the need of stronger security of this section in
case of external danger. Perhaps, one of those places had to function as a place of worship.
The concentration of small and middle-sized clusters could be the example of settle¬
ment clusters made up only of sediments. They contained from
2
to
8
settlement points
and the area of
2
to
8
km2 and bigger of the area of
12
to
30
km2 containing from
16
to
40
settlement points.
The best representations of those small clusters are the settlement groups near: Bo-
gomice (approx.
3
km2),
Bonów
(approx. 4km2), Brodowiec (approx. 3km2),
Chociemyśl
(approx. 3km2), Doaniowice-
Kromolin
(approx. 2km2), Drwalowice-Lasocin-Nieciecz
(approx. 8km2),
Gawrony
(арргох.Зкт2),
Głogów-Jaczów
(approx. 8km2),
Gwizdanów
(approx. 3km2),
Kotla
(approx. 2km2),
Kozie Doły
(approx. 3km2), Kurowice (approx.
2km2),
Małoszowice
(approx. 3km2),
Pęcław
(approx. 2km2), Piersna-Kotowice (approx.
6km2),
Rudna
I (approx. 2km2),
Rudna
II (approx. 2km2), Siciny (approx. 2km2), Skid-
niów (3km2),and Szlichtyngowa-Zmysłów
(approx. 8km2).
Bigger clusters are near:
Krzekotówek-Wilków-Serby
(approx. 30km2),
Żabice-Ret-
ków-Szyocin
(12
km2) and
Żukowice-Kamionna
(approx. 15km2) (Fig.
69).
Specified settlement clusters in our region were composed of only sediments and
gords with one, two or even several dozens of sediments.
Examples of similar spatial arrangements are groups from the upper and middle ba¬
sin of
Odra
River. Around them there were several clusters, composed of gords and sev¬
eral
(5
to
7)
settlement points composed of only sediments
(Hilczerówna
1967: 261,
Fig.
4).
Analogous examples could be cited from all over the Poland, mainly: from
Pomerania,
where near the clusters of the area of approx. 6km2, there were one or more sediments
and clusters covering the area of from
40-50
km2 to 150km2. In those areas there could
be from
2
to
5
small settlements and from
5
to
15
sediments
(Łosiński
1982: 167 - 185).
Another example may be the areas of north-eastern region of Lesser Poland, where in
VIII-X centuries there were territorial structures that formed clusters of the area from
2
to 12km2 and that focused from one to several sediments and settlement points around
them (Hoczyk-Siwkowa
1999: 59-63,
Fig.
12).
Further analogous examples from different
parts of Poland are being discussed by
Z.Kobliński
(1988:141-151).
Based on these observations, we can examine fundamental issues connected with our
settlement cluster, namely whether it is possible to identify them with the tribal territory
of Dziadoszanie.
The first mention about this tribe is in Descriptio civitatum ad septentrionalem pla-
gam Danubi records by so-called
Geograf Bawarski,
dated on the half of the ninth cen¬
tury. From the records it was estimated that the Dziadoszanie tribe had
20
civiatates, and
that puts them in category of small groups. Further records are present in Otto I docu¬
ments for the bishopric of Meissen in
971
(Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regie, part
1,
vol.l,
ed. O.Posse, Lepizig 1882,
p.251 no
13),
in the chronicle of Thietmar of Meseburg
from the beginning of eleventh century (Jedlicki
1953),
and in the document for the
bishopric of Prague from
1086
(Codex diplomaticus
et epistolaris regni Bohemiae, ed.
G.Fredrich, Prague
1904,
vol.l, no
86,
pp.93-95). These sources allow for the
localiza-
Dziadoszanie
-
the tribe that lived on the Land ofGlogow up until the X century
257
tion
of Dziadoszanie tribe among other tribes in Silesia. Thietmar certifies the fact that
on their territory there was a place called
Iława
near
Bóbr
River, near present-day
Sz¬
protawa.
Despite some differences on that matter, that were found in literature (main¬
ly
Labuda
1960: 129-133),
it should be undoubtedly connected with the wide area of
Głogów
(mainly
:
Zajączkowski
1962: 83
and n;
Łowmiański
1967: 115,
Wędzki
1970:
5-9;
Hilczerówna-Urbańska
1970: 84-93;
Leciejewic
1978: 25,18;
Lodowski
1980: 118-
120;
Jankowski
1988: 94;
Kurnatowska
1996: 306-308
there is an extensive literature).
The document from
971,
made some of the experts believe
(Labuda
1960: 129-133)
that the Dziadoszanie tribe was subjected to two dioceses: Meissen (western part of
the territory) and Prague (eastern part of the territory). Z. Kurnatowska based on that
hypothesis concluded that in that case the name Dziadoszanie could have two mean¬
ings. The first, narrower meaning was connected with tribe territory while the second,
wider meaning, was connected with political influence in the Dziadoszanies region,
reaching on west to the
Lusatian
Neisse (Kurnatowska
1996: 307).
On the basis of data obtained by us in the analysis of archeological sources, it can be
unambiguously stated that the settlement area of Dziadoszanie tribe coincides with the
territory of
Głogów,
both on the left and on the right side of the
Odra
River. Its range
can be determined as follows: from the north the borders were outwash fans, which on
its foot, on the left and on the right side of the
Krzycki Rów,
concentrated settlements,
then from the east lower Barycz and eastern edge of Dalkowskie Hills, from the south
part the north part of
Ścinawas
depression through
Rudna
and Moskorzanka sources to
latitudinal part of
Szprotawa,
but from west, from the mouth of
Szprotawa
to
Bóbr
River,
through
Biała Woda
and Rudzianka sources to the mouth of
Czarna Struga.
That area of
Dziadoszanies tribe covered approximately 1500km2. It covered clusters of gords, which
according to us were made up by
17
wards. This number is roughly consistent with the
Geograf
Baworski
s
transmission of
20
civiates.
Bayer!«
che
j
Staatsbibliothek
München
j |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Czapla, Krzysztof ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1163300160 |
| author_facet | Czapla, Krzysztof ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Czapla, Krzysztof ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | k c kc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042060918 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)897115564 (DE-599)BVBBV042060918 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Glogów Region (DE-588)4093615-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Glogów Region |
| id | DE-604.BV042060918 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-03-15T09:04:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788363349066 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027501792 |
| oclc_num | 897115564 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 257 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Czapla, Krzysztof ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1163300160 aut Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku Krzysztof Czapla Głogów Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa 2014 257 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd rswk-swf Westslawen (DE-588)4065824-7 gnd rswk-swf Glogów Region (DE-588)4093615-6 gnd rswk-swf Glogów Region (DE-588)4093615-6 g Westslawen (DE-588)4065824-7 s Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027501792&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027501792&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Czapla, Krzysztof ca. 20./21. Jh Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Westslawen (DE-588)4065824-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002827-6 (DE-588)4065824-7 (DE-588)4093615-6 |
| title | Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku |
| title_auth | Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku |
| title_exact_search | Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku |
| title_full | Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku Krzysztof Czapla |
| title_fullStr | Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku Krzysztof Czapla |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dziadoszanie plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku Krzysztof Czapla |
| title_short | Dziadoszanie |
| title_sort | dziadoszanie plemie zamieszkujace ziemie glogowska w x wieku |
| title_sub | plemię zamieszkujące ziemię głogowską w X wieku |
| topic | Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Westslawen (DE-588)4065824-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Archäologie Westslawen Glogów Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027501792&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027501792&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT czaplakrzysztof dziadoszanieplemiezamieszkujaceziemiegłogowskawxwieku |