Holdings: An introduction to early Christianity

An introduction to early Christianity:

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Figueras, Pau (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Piscataway Gorgias Press 2014
Series:	Gorgias handbooks
Subjects:	Geschichte Kirchengeschichte Church history > Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 Church history > Middle Ages, 600-1500 Frühchristentum Vätertheologie Einführung
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XVIII, 352 S. Ill.
ISBN:	9781463202385

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MARC


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adam_text	Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................... vii Foreword .................................................................................................xv Abbreviations ........................................................................................xvii Chapter 1: The Jewish Background of Early Christianity ..................1 Judaism in Roman Palestine ..........................................................1 Political structure and main historical events ........................1 Hellenization and conservatism ..............................................3 Religious sects and political parties .........................................5 Temple and worship .................................................................7 Synagogues and other institutions ..........................................8 The Sages ....................................................................................9 Languages, culture and art ......................................................10 The Jewish faith .......................................................................10 The Jewish Diaspora .....................................................................12 Egypt ...............................................................................................13 Elephantine ...............................................................................14 Onias temple ...........................................................................14 Alexandria .......................................................................................14 Social and political conditions ...............................................15 Culture .......................................................................................15 Assimilation and self-consciousness .....................................15 Philo (c. 20 BCE-50 CE) ..........................................................16 Community organization and institutions ...........................16 Relations with Jerusalem ........................................................17 Rome ...............................................................................................17 Jews and Syrians .......................................................................18 Slaves and freemen ..................................................................18 Legal status of the Jewish religion ........................................19 Synagogues ...............................................................................20 Jews in the emperor s palace ..................................................20 The Chrestus affair ..............................................................20 viii An Introduction to Early Christianity Jewish catacombs .....................................................................21 Other Countries .............................................................................21 Antioch ......................................................................................22 Asia Minor ................................................................................22 Greece .......................................................................................23 Dura-Europos ..........................................................................23 North Africa .............................................................................24 Gaul and Spain .........................................................................25 Summary and Conclusions ...........................................................25 Chapter 2: Early Christianity in Written Sources ..............................29 Non-Christian Sources .................................................................30 The Jewish Sources .................................................................30 The Roman sources ................................................................37 Conclusion ................................................................................40 Christian Sources ...........................................................................40 The New Testament Books .........................................................41 The Four Gospels ...................................................................41 Acts of the Apostles ................................................................51 The Epistles of Paul ................................................................52 The Epistle to Hebrews ..........................................................58 The Seven Catholic or Universal Epistles ...........................59 Revelation .................................................................................62 The Apostolic Fathers ..................................................................63 The Didache (Teaching of the Apostles) .............................63 Clement of Rome ....................................................................64 Ignatius of Antioch .................................................................65 Polycarp of Smyrna .................................................................65 Pseudo-Barnabas .....................................................................65 Papias of Hierapolis ................................................................66 Epistle to Diognetus ...............................................................66 Hermas ......................................................................................67 Early Church Fathers ....................................................................67 Justin Martyr .............................................................................68 Clement of Alexandria ............................................................69 Tertullian ...................................................................................69 Origen ........................................................................................70 Eusebius of Caesarea ..............................................................71 Summary and Conclusions ...........................................................72 Table of Contents ix Chapter 3: Historical Developments ...................................................73 Relations between the Christian Church and the Jewish Synagogue ..............................................................................75 Rabbinical decisions against the Jewish Christians ............77 Reactions to and effects of the official Jewish rejection of Christianity .................................................79 Nazarenes and Ebionites ........................................................79 Christian interpretation of the Bible and the negative view of Judaism ...............................................80 Old Testament as historic preparation .................................81 Old Testament as prophecy ...................................................82 Typological interpretation of Scripture ................................84 Allegorical interpretation of Scripture ..................................85 The Christian reaction to Hellenistic culture and pagan philosophy ............................................................86 The Christian reaction to Gnosticism and related heretical doctrines ...........................................................88 Roman persecutions and Christian martyrs ........................90 The Christian Church and the Constantinian peace ...............................................................................100 Emperor Constantine and the Christian faith ..................100 Heresies and Councils ...........................................................102 The Barbarian invasions of Europe ....................................105 The Islamic conquests ..........................................................109 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................110 Chapter 4: Messianic and Apocalyptic Doctrines ...........................113 Pagan Religions ............................................................................114 Mesopotamian myths of creation and destruction ...........114 The Canaanite cult drama ....................................................114 Egyptian concepts of perpetual renewal ............................115 Zoroastrian dualism and apocalypticism ...........................116 Rome, Virgil s Fourth Ec/oge and the Sybil ..........................117 Biblical prophecies and Jewish expectations ...........................118 Life in Paradise and Adam s sin ..........................................118 Eschatological prophecies ....................................................119 Israel s resurrection in Ezekiel ........................................120 The king as God s Messiah ..................................................121 Apocalyptic visions in the Prophets ...................................123 Daniel: the Son of Man and the Weeks .............................126 Qumran, an eschatological community ..............................127 An Introduction to Early Christianity The Apocalyptic writings .....................................................128 Messianic claims .....................................................................131 The World to Come ..........................................................133 Gehenna ..................................................................................136 The Judgment .........................................................................137 Christian Messianism and Apocalypticism ..............................139 Jesus Messiahship in the New Testament ........................139 Apocalyptic doctrines in the Gospels ................................142 Early Christian expectation of Jesus return ......................144 The Antichrist ........................................................................146 John s Apocalypse .................................................................147 Summary and conclusions ..........................................................151 Chapter 5: Christian Worship .............................................................153 Jewish Worship ............................................................................153 Sacrifice and prayer in the Temple .....................................153 Jewish festivals .......................................................................155 The Passover ......................,...................................................157 Eschatological meals .............................................................158 Ritual ablutions ......................................................................161 Synagogue services ................................................................162 The Apostolic Church ................................................................164 The Church, a community of worship ...............................164 Breaking of Bread ..............................................................165 Baptism and catechesis .........................................................166 Charismatic gifts bestowed through the laying on of hands ..........................................................................168 Sunday and Easter .................................................................169 Eucharistie celebrations and Agape-meals ........................170 Places of worship ...................................................................173 The origins of the Offertorium .......................................174 Daily prayers ...........................................................................175 Holiness of Marriage .............................................................177 Unction of the sick ................................................................178 Death and burial ....................................................................178 Christian Liturgy and Pagan Rites .............................................181 Pagan mysteries and Christian Mysteries ...........................181 Pagan and profane rites and their influence on Christian liturgy .............................................................182 The role of the liturgy in the transformation of pagan culture .................................................................186 Table of Contents xi The cult of the martyrs .........................................................188 Christological disputes and their influence upon the liturgy .......................................................................189 Later Developments ....................................................................191 Ecclesiastical and liturgical provinces .................................191 Oriental liturgies ....................................................................195 Latin liturgies ..........................................................................196 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................199 Chapter 6: The Origin and Development of Christian Monasticism .................................................................................203 Biblical and Jewish Antecedents ...............................................203 Prophetic schools ..................................................................203 The Essenes and the Qumran Community .......................204 The Therapeutae ....................................................................204 Havurot ...................................................................................204 Reasons for community life .................................................205 Pagan doctrines and movements ..............................................205 Stoicism ...................................................................................205 Pythagoreanism and Orphism .............................................206 Neo-Platonism .......................................................................207 Worshippers of Sarapis .........................................................207 Monasticism as a Christian Phenomenon ...............................208 Doctrines from the Gospel and Paul .................................208 The ideal of the early community in Jerusalem ................210 Reaction to the secularization of the Church ....................210 Nostalgia for martyrdom ......................................................211 Ascetic life as warfare against the devil ..............................213 Monasticism and the angelic life .........................................214 Eastern Monasticism ...................................................................215 Egypt: Paul, Anthony and Pachomius, hermits and cénobites ........................................................................215 Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia .......................................218 Greece and Asia Minor .........................................................223 Eastern Monastic Spirituality: the Hesychasm ..................225 Western Monasticism ..................................................................228 Italy: Pre-Benedictine and Benedictine monasteries ....................................................................228 North Africa ...........................................................................230 Gaul and Spain .......................................................................231 Ireland .....................................................................................233 xii An Introduction to Early Christianity Gregory the Great and the English Mission .....................233 Frisian Monks and the Civilization of Central Europe ............................................................................235 Cluny and its Congregation ..................................................236 The Cistercian Reform .........................................................238 Mendicant Orders ..................................................................239 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................240 Chapter 7: Ancient Christian Art and Architecture ........................243 Origins of Christian Art .............................................................244 The Jewish Background of Early Christian Art ................247 The First Manifestations of Christian Art .........................252 Iconography of Early Christian Art ..........................................255 Old Testament scenes and their typology .........................255 Pagan motifs with new meanings ........................................257 New Testament scenes .........................................................259 The Church Building ...................................................................262 Private houses: the Domus Ecclesia................................... 262 The first Christian churches .................................................264 The Christian Basilica .................................................................268 Origins .....................................................................................268 Architectural structure ..........................................................269 Other types .............................................................................273 Church interior .......................................................................275 The Baptistery ..............................................................................279 Monasteries ...................................................................................282 Church decoration .......................................................................285 Reliefs ......................................................................................285 Waü Paintings .........................................................................289 Mosaics ....................................................................................290 Minor Arts ....................................................................................296 Manuscripts ............................................................................296 Metalwork ...............................................................................298 Ivories ......................................................................................299 Icons ..............................................................................................301 Textiles ....................................................................................302 Summary and conclusions ..........................................................303 Table of Contents xiii Glossary of Names and Terms ...........................................................305 List of Illustrations ...............................................................................325 Bibliography ..........................................................................................329 Index of Literary References ..............................................................335 Index of Names and Terms ................................................................341
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spellingShingle	Figueras, Pau An introduction to early Christianity Kirchengeschichte Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 Church history Middle Ages, 600-1500 Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd Vätertheologie (DE-588)4298909-7 gnd
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title	An introduction to early Christianity
title_auth	An introduction to early Christianity
title_exact_search	An introduction to early Christianity
title_full	An introduction to early Christianity Pau Figueras
title_fullStr	An introduction to early Christianity Pau Figueras
title_full_unstemmed	An introduction to early Christianity Pau Figueras
title_short	An introduction to early Christianity
title_sort	an introduction to early christianity
topic	Kirchengeschichte Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 Church history Middle Ages, 600-1500 Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd Vätertheologie (DE-588)4298909-7 gnd
topic_facet	Kirchengeschichte Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 Church history Middle Ages, 600-1500 Frühchristentum Vätertheologie Einführung
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