The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English German |
| Published: |
Oxford
Archaeopress
2014
|
| Series: | BAR international series
2613 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references pages (155-170) |
| Physical Description: | X, 170 pages illustrations, maps, and charts 31 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781407312446 1407312448 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Moutsiou, Theodora |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1058329324 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc |c Theodora Moutsiou |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Archaeopress |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a X, 170 pages |b illustrations, maps, and charts |c 31 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a BAR international series |v 2613 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references pages (155-170) | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Paleolithic period | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Obsidian implements | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Antiquities, Prehistoric | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sozialarchäologie |0 (DE-588)4181905-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Paläolithikum |0 (DE-588)4140148-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Artefakt |0 (DE-588)4143114-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Obsidian |0 (DE-588)4172330-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Obsidian |0 (DE-588)4172330-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Artefakt |0 (DE-588)4143114-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Paläolithikum |0 (DE-588)4140148-7 |D s |
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| _version_ | 1822792478939414528 |
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| adam_text |
Contents
List of
Figures
.
iii
List of Tables
.
v
Acknowledgments
.viii
Chapter
1:
Introduction: Aims and Questions
.1
1.
INTRODUCTION
.1
2.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
.1
3.
RESEARCH AIMS AND HYPOTHESES
.2
4.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
.3
5.
BOOK OUTLINE
.3
6.
SUMMARY
.4
Chapter
2:
The Geology and Archaeology of Obsidian
.5
1.
INTRODUCTION
.5
2.
OBSIDIAN UTILITY IN RAW MATERIAL MOVEMENT STUDIES/OBSIDIAN ITS SCIENCE
.5
3.
WHAT IS OBSIDIAN?
.6
3.1.
Chemical Properties
.6
3.2.
Physical Properties
.6
4.
WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT OBSIDIAN?
.7
4.1.
Scarcity/ Distance
. 11
4.2.
Knapping Quality/ Function
.12
4.3.
Aesthetic Quality/Brilliance
.12
5.
BRINGING OBSIDIAN AND PALAEOLITHIC SOCIETY TOGETHER
.14
Chapter
3:
A Model of Obsidian Raw Material Movement
.16
1.
INTRODUCTION
.16
2.
MODELS OF LITHIC RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT AND MOVEMENT
.16
3.
DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR PALAEOLITHIC OBSIDIAN
.19
3.1.
Anatomical and Life History Implications for Raw Material Movement
.19
3.2.1.
Walking, Home Range Sizes and Movement of Mating Partners
.20
4.
SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE PALAEOLITHIC
.28
4.1.
Local versus Extended Networks
.29
5.
A MODEL OF PALAEOLITHIC OBSIDIAN USE AND MOVEMENT
.30
5.1.
The Model
.30
Chapter
4:
Methodology
.33
1.
INTRODUCTION
.33
2.
BASIC TERMINOLOGY
.33
3.
PRACTICAL PARAMETERS OF THE METHODOLOGY
.34
3.1.
Framework for Data Collection
.34
3.1.1.
Typologies
.34
3.1.2.
Definitions of Lithic Terminology
.34
3.2.
Global
Dataset
.34
3.2.1.
Framework for Data Collection
.34
3.2.2.
Recorded Criteria
.35
3.2.3.
Digitisation of Data
.35
3.2.4.
Obsidian Distances
.36
3.3.2.
Recorded Criteria
.36
3.4.
Problems and Biases of the Sampling and Recording Strategy
.40
4.
SUMMARY
.41
Chapter
5:
Gazetteer of Palaeolithic Obsidian in Africa, Europe and Near East
.42
1.
INTRODUCTION
.42
2.
CONTINENTS AND REGIONS
.42
2.1.
Africa
.42
2.1.1.
Tectonic
Evolution
and Obsidian
Sources
in Africa
.42
2.1.2.
Gazetteer of African Palaeolithic Obsidian-bearing Sites
.45
2.2.
Europe
.52
2.2.1.
Tectonic Evolution and Obsidian Sources in South-Eastern Europe
.52
2.2.2.
Missing Obsidian Sources in Other Parts of Europe?
.54
2.2.3.
Tectonic Evolution and Obsidian Sources in Central Europe
.54
2.2.4.
Gazetteer of European Palaeolithic Obsidian-bearing Sites
.57
2.3.
Near East
.63
2.3.1.
Tectonic Evolution and Obsidian Sources in Turkey
.63
2.3.2.
Tectonic Evolution and Obsidian Sources in the Caucasus
.64
2.3.3.
Gazetteer of Near Eastern Palaeolithic Obsidian-bearing Sites
.67
Chapter
6:
Regional Case Studies
.79
1.
INTRODUCTION
.79
2.
BODROGKERESZTÚR,
HUNGARY
(48°10'0"Ν21°22Ό"Ε,
198MASL)
.79
2.1.
Description of the Obsidian Assemblage
.83
2.2.
Subalyuk
.86
2.3.
Ballavölgyi.
86
2.4.
Pilismarót-Diós
.86
3.1.
Description of the Obsidian Assemblage
.91
4.
COMPARISON OF THE ASSEMBLAGES
.93
5.
SUMMARY
.109
Chapter
7:
Data Analysis
.110
1.
INTRODUCTION
.110
2.
ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN USE BY PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD AND INDUSTRY
.110
3.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF DISTANCE ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND FORMATION OF OBSIDIAN
ASSEMBLAGES
.113
3.1.
Exploring the Scale of Palaeolithic Social Networking
.120
4.
ANALYSIS OF VARIATION IN OBSIDIAN USE BY CLIMATE STAGE (WARM, COLD)
AND LATITUDE
.124
4.1.
Northern versus Equatorial Obsidian Movement
.128
5.
HYPOTHESIS EVALUATION
.136
6.
CONCLUSION
.146
Chapter
8:
Conclusions
.147
1.
PALAEOLITHIC SOCIAL NETWORKS; L1THIC, ORGANIC AND OBSIDIAN EVIDENCE
.147
1.1.
Three 'Revolutions' and the Time-Frame of Modern Social Behaviour
.149
1.2.
Africa versus Europe: the Place of the Transition
.151
1.3.
Revolution or Gradual Evolution Process? the Nature of the Transition
.152
2.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PHD TO WIDER PALAEOLTIHIC RESEARCH
.153
3.
FUTURE RESEARCH
.154
References
.155
List of Figures
Figure
2.1.
Various types of obsidian: green (upper left corner), mahogany (upper right corner),
.7
banded (lower left corner) and snowflake (lower right corner)
.7
Figure
2.2.
Raw materials other than stone that exhibit long-distance movement on the European Palaeolithic landscape.
Names in italics indicate sites where obsidian has also been recovered
.9
Figure
3.1.
A scheme for converting raw material distances to spatial units of social networking
.31
Figures
4.1
(left) and
4.2.
(right). Visual presentation of flake measurements as conducted in this project: Figure
4.1.
shows maximum flake length. Figure
4.2.
indicates flake width, thickness and butt/platform length and width
.37
Figure
4.3.
Visual presentation of types of butts. The figure shows blades but the same patterns were also applied on flakes
in the analysis of the obsidian assemblages of this project.
[1=
cortical,
2=
plain,
3=
dihedral,
4=
facetted,
5=
'en chapeau
de
gendarme',
6=
winged,
7=
pecked,
8=
spur,
9=
linear,
10=
punctiform].
After Inizan
et al.
(1999).38
Figure
4.4.
Visual presentation of cortex position. After Toth
(1982).39
Figure
4.5.
Extent of removals (retouch)
.39
[1=
short,
2=
long,
3=
invasive,
4=
covering]. After Inizan
et al.
(1999).39
Figure
4.6.
Distribution of removals (retouch).
[1=
discontinuous,
2=
total on the distal edge,
3=
partial on the right edge].
After Inizan
et al.
(1999).39
Figure
4.7.
Position of removals (retouch).
[1=
direct,
2 =
inverse,
3=
alternate,
4=
alternating,
5=
bifacial,
6=
crossed].
After Inizan
et al.
(1999).40
Figure
5.1.
Obsidian sources in East Africa identified for the purposes of this project
.44
Figure
5.2.
The Lake Naivasha area obsidian sources. After Merrick
&
Brown
(1984).45
Figure
5.3.
Map showing the location of the African Palaeolithic obsidian-bearing sites discussed in the gazetteer.
.51
Figure
5.4.
The Panonnian Basin and its surrounding geological features: LHPVF= Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic
Field; BBHVF= Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field; SBVF= Styrian Basin Volcanic Field; BGVF=Nograd-Gomor
Volcanic Field; BaVF=
Banat
Volcanic Field; PVF= Persany Volcanic Field; MB=
Mako
Basin. After Martin
&
Németh
(2003).55
Figure
5.5.
Map showing the distribution of obsidian sources, identified for the purposes of this project, in the European
continent
.57
Figure
5.6.
Map indicating the location of European obsidian-bearing sites dating to the Palaeolithic.
Barca
I and II have
the same number
(9)
because they are two horizons of the same site
.62
Figure
5.7.
Volcanic complexes in the Caucasus region. After Keller
et al.
(1994).65
Figure
5.8.
Map showing the distribution of obsidian sources in the Near East
.67
Figure
5.9.
Map showing the location of obsidian-bearing Palaeolithic sites in the "Near East
.70
Figure
6.1.
Location of
Bodrogkeresztúr
(green circle) and the obsidian sources available in Pleistocene Central Europe
(orange circles)
.80
Figure
6.2.
Stratigraphie
sequence of
Bodrogkeresztúr.
After Ringer
(2000).81
Figure
6.3.
View of the
Bodrogkeresztúr
Upper Palaeolithic site (photo T. Moutsiou)
.81
Figure
6.4.
The
Bodrogkeresztúr-Henye
hill. After
Dobosi
(2000).82
Figure
6.5.
Recorded typological classes in
Bodrogkeresztúr.
.83
Figure
6.6.
Distribution of small retouched tool (SRT) classes in the
Bodrogkeresztúr
assemblage. [P= point, S= scraper,
B= burin, BB= burin blow, BS= burin spall, TR= truncation, D= denticulate, BE= bee, KN= knife, N= notch, A= awl,
UTP= utilised piece, CO= composite]
.84
Figure
6.7.
Schematic map of the
Subalyuk
cave after www.barlang.hu/pages/konyvek/suba/suba.htm (last visited
10/07/2208).86
Figure
6.8.
Location and general geological context of
Pilismarót-Diós.
After
Dobosi
(1994).87
Figure
6.9.
Location of Marmonet Drift/GtJi
15
(black circle) and the available obsidian sources in Pleistocene East Africa
(grey circles)
.88
Figure
6.11.
Close up of one of the volcanic horizons excavated during the
2006
field season in GtJil5
.89
(photo T. Moutsiou)
.89
Figure
6.10.
One of the excavated sections with some of the volcanic horizons (indicated by the arrow) clearly visible on
the upper part of the trench (photo T. Moutsiou)
.89
Figure
6.12.
Recorded typological classes in GtJil5
.91
Figure
6.13.
Distribution of small retouched tool (SRT) classes in the GtJi
15
assemblage. [P= point, S= scraper, B= burin,
BB= burin blow, BS= burin spall, TR= truncation, D= denticulate, BE= bee, KN= knife, N= notch, A= awl, UTP= utilised
piece, CO= composite]
.91
Figure
6.14.
Graphic presentation of cortex distribution in the
Bodrogkeresztúr
and GtJil5
.94
Figure
6.15.
Graphic presentation of cortex position in the
Bodrogkeresztúr
and Gtlil5 obsidian assemblages
.95
Figure
6.16.
Distribution of platform types with emphasis on the extent of cortex in the two analysed assemblages.
.95
111
Figure
6.17. Graphic
presentation of the distribution of the recorded retouch extent classes in the two analysed obsidian
assemblages
.96
Figure
6 18
Graphic presentation of retouch position
1
classes in the Bodrogkeresztur and GtJil5 obsidian assemblages
.'.'.96
Figure
6.19.
Graphic presentation of retouch position
2
classes in the Bodrogkeresztur and
GLÏÏ15
obsidian assemblages
.97
Figure
6.20.
Distribution of platform types with emphasis on the typological characteristics/scar count (platform type
2)
in the two analysed assemblages
.97
Figure
6.21.
Map showing the location of the four case studies (dark
gry
circles)
.98
Note:
1=
Pilismarót -Diós,
2=
Ballavölgyi,
3=
Subalyuk
and
4=
Bodrogkeresztur.
.98
The light grey circles indicate the obsidian sources identified in Central Europe
.98
Figure
6.22.
Graph illustrating the inversely correlated relationship between artefact quantities and source -to- site
distance
.99
Figure
6.23.
Range of maximum lengths recorded in the four analysed obsidian assemblages
.102
Figure
6.24.
Range of maximum widths recorded in the four analysed obsidian assemblages
.102
Figure
6.25.
Range of maximum thicknesses recorded in the four analysed obsidian assemblages
.103
Figure
6.26.
Graph illustrating the weight classes recorded in the four analysed obsidian assemblages
.103
Figure
6.27.
Distribution of cortex extent classes in the four examined obsidian assemblages
.105
Figure
6.28.
Distribution of cortex position classes in the four obsidian assemblages under investigation
.105
Figure
6.29.
Graph illustrating the frequencies of platform types in each of the examined obsidian assemblages
.106
Figure
6.30.
Illustration of the extent with which retouch appears in each of the four analysed assemblages
.107
Figure
6.31.
Graphic presentation of retouch position classes (retouch position
1)
and their frequencies in each of the
analysed assemblages
.108
Figure
6.32.
Graphic presentation of retouch position classes (retouch position
2)
and their frequencies in each of the
analysed assemblages
.108
Figure
6 33.
Graph illustrating the frequencies of platform types in each of the examined obsidian assemblages
.109
Figure
7.1.
Graphic presentation of the recorded distance classes separated according to age and region in 10km intervals.
.114
Figure
7.2.
Graphic presentation of the recorded distance classes separated according to a ge and region in
50
km intervals.
.115
Figure
7.3.
Obsidian frequencies and distances distributed in time and space
.116
Figure
7.4.
Distribution of typological classes based on their distance from source
.118
Figure
7.5.
Distribution of
chaîne opératoire
stages in time based on source-to-site distances
.119
Figure
7.6.
Distribution of
chaîne opératoire
stages according to region based on source-to-site distances
.119
Figure
7.7.
Frequencies of social network classes, i.e. obsidian circulation networks, when all phases and regions are
taken as a whole
.122
Figure
7.8.
Social network classes as represented by the obsidian circulation data. When the two long-distance networks
(extended and exotic) are taken as a whole it is clear that the movement of obsidian is most closely associated with very
long source-to-site distances
.122
Figure
7.9.
Distribution of spatial networks with respect to region as identified by the analysis of the relevant obsidian
data
.123
Figure
7.10.
Distribution of social networks with respect to time as identified by the analysis of the relevant obsidian data.
.123
Figure
7.11.
Graph illustrating the distribution of social networks combining time and region
.124
Figure
7.12.
Frequencies of sites with interglacial/glacial conditions distributed according to region
.125
Figure
7.13.
Frequencies of sites with interglacial/glacial conditions distributed according to time
.126
Figure
7.14.
Distribution of maximum raw material transfers for Western Europe (WE), Western central Europe (WCE)
and Eastern central Europe as established in
Féblot-Augustins'
1999
study. From
Féblot-Augustins
2009
(figure
3.3).
.135
Figure
7.15.
Updated frequency distribution of maximum raw material transfers for Western Europe (WE), Western
central Europe (WCE) and Eastern central Europe. From
Féblot-Augustins
2009
(figure
3.4).135
Figure
7.16.
Distribution of obsidian distance classes when all regions and
.137
Palaeolithic sub-phases are grouped together.
.137
Figure
7.17.
Changing scales of obsidian movement in the last
600
kyr. Only sites for which absolute dates are available
are included in this graph. The inset shows a more detailed view of the last
100
kyr.
.140
Figure
7.18.
Absolute dates for the complete record of the Palaeolithic obsidian use. The numbered sites are the outliers
discussed in the text:
1=
Gadeb 8E,
2=
Kudaro I,
3=
Mumba
Höhle
and
4=
Karain
.142
Figure
7.19.
Archaeological signatures of modern human behaviour (redrawn from McBrearty
&
Brooks
2000).142
iv
List of Tables
Table
2.1.
Other lithic raw materials that travel long distances on the European Palaeolithic landscape
.10
Table
2.2.
Palaeolithic sites exhibiting a combined presence of obsidian and other exotic/special objects. Notice that in
every single case obsidian either outnumbers or is of the same range
(2
instances) to the distance of the shells/ochre
movement
.
H
Table
2.3.
Some instances of obsidian movement in various periods of late prehistory. Note that in many cases obsidian
transports far exceed
1000
km
.11
Table
3.1.
A summary of the models associated with raw material movement discussed in this paper. The presentation
Table
lof
the models follows the year of publication of each of them starting with the oldest
.17
Table
3.2.
Archaeological sites within the study areas which have yielded both worked obsidian and human fossils.
18
Table
3.3.
Hominin specimens for which fossilised foot bones are preserved (the Laetoli footprints are included as
indirect evidence of hominid locomotion). Klein
(1999)
mentions the recovery of two footprints in the South African
Langebaan Langoon but due to the lack of diagnostic details and agreement in their dating they are not included
here
.19
Table
3.4.
Ethnographic data on foraging distances for female-only foraging parties collected by Binford. Data from
Binford(2001)
.20
Table
3.5.
Ethnographic data on foraging distances for male-only foraging parties. Data from Binford
(2001).21
Table
3.7.
Summary of data regarding hunter-gatherer foraging trips. After Binford
(2001).22
Table
3.6.
Foraging area sizes for a number of hunter-gatherer groups. Compiled by Moutsiou
(2009)
with data from
Binford
(2001).22
Table
3.8.
Home range sizes for some modern hunter-gatherer groups. Data from Leonard and Robertson
(2000).
HRi
(km2) data generated by Moutsiou
(2009).23
Table
3.9.
Estimated home range sizes for fossil hominid species per individual. [HRi-Ape= home range assuming a diet
similar to that of a modern ape, HRi-Human= home range assuming a diet similar to that of a modern tropical human
forager]. Data from Leonard and Robertson
(2000).
HRi (km2) data generated by Moutsiou
(2009).23
Table
3.10.
Area and diameter of mating networks at different population densities as described by
Wobst (1976).23
Table
3.11.
Intra-mating network distances based on different population densities.
Dataset
compiled with information
from
Wobst (1976).24
Table
3.12.
Summed distances from a given local group to other local groups in a mating network.
After
Wobst (1976).24
Table
3.13.
Home range sizes estimated by the obsidian movement. The minimum source-to-site distances serve as the
radius of the circle that encompasses the home range area of a foraging group. [R= km; area= km2]
.25
Table
3.14.
Summary of the East African, Central
&
South-Eastern European and Near Eastern home ranges sizes as
estimated by
MIN
obsidian distances compared with Wobst's mating networks' home range sizes
(measured in km2)
.26
Table
3.15.
Summary of the East African, Central
&
South-Eastern European and Near Eastern
ΜΓΝ
obsidian distances
compared to Wobst's nearest neighbour (NN) and central to most distant
(С
-D)
groups distances
.27
Table
4.1.
Chronological boundaries of each of the Palaeolithic/Stone Age sub-phases examined in this project
.35
Table
4.2.
Tool classes and intra-class distinction of the analysed obsidian artefacts
.37
Table
5.1.
The table gives an evaluation of the coordinates of the obsidian sources identified for the purposes of thsis
work [^accurate,
2=
relatively accurate, 3=not very accurate]
.73
Table
5.2.
The table shows the quality of the coordinates of the obsidian-bearing
sites discussed in this study [^accurate,
2=
relatively accurate, 3=not very accurate]
.76
Table
5.3.
The table summarises all the information of the Palaeolithic obsidian-bearing sites discussed
in the chapter
.78
Table
6.1.
Raw materials present in the lithic assemblage of Bodrogkeresztur. After
Dobosi
(2000).83
Table
6.2.
Qualitative evaluation of the analysed obsidian artefacts from the Upper Palaeolithic site of
Bodrogkeresztur.
.83
Table
6.3.
Length ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from Bodrogkeresztur.
.85
Table
6.4.
Width ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from Bodrogkeresztur.
.85
Table
6.5.
Thickness ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from Bodrogkeresztur.
.85
Table
6.6.
Weight ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from Bodrogkeresztur.
.85
Table
6.7.
Platform width distribution in the Bodrogkeresztur assemblage
.85
Table
6.8.
Platform thickness distribution in the Bodrogkeresztur assemblage
.85
Table
6.9.
Number of obsidian specimens separated according to cortex
%
in Bodrogkeresztur.
.85
Table
6.10.
Number of obsidian specimens in Bodrogkeresztur separated according to the distribution of cortex on their
surfaces
.85
Table
6.11.
Distribution of obsidian artefacts with retouch according to the extent of the secondary modification on
their
surfaces
.86
Table
6.12.
Distribution of the Bodrogkeresztur obsidian artefacts based on the position of retouch on their surfaces.
86
Table
6.13.
Qualitative evaluation of the analysed obsidian artefacts from the Middle Stone Age site of Gtiil5
.91
Table
6.14.
Length ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts
írom Gtfil5
.92
Table
6.15.
Width ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from GtJil5
.92
Table
6.16.
Thickness ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from
Güilo
.92
Table
6.17.
Weight ranges of the analysed obsidian artefacts from GtJil5
.92
Table
6.18.
Platform width distribution in the GtJil5 assemblage
.92
Table
6.19.
Platform thickness distribution in the Gtlil5 assemblage
.92
Table
6.20.
Number of obsidian specimens separated according to cortex
%
in GtJil5
.93
Table
6.21.
Number of obsidian specimens in GUi
15
separated according to the distribution of cortex on their
surfaces
.93
Table
6.22.
Distribution of obsidian artefacts with retouch according to the extent of the secondary modification on their
surfaces
.93
Table
6.23.
Distribution of the GtJil5 obsidian artefacts based on the position of retouch on their surfaces
.93
Table
6.24.
Number of obsidian artefacts in the four analysed assemblages and their distance from their nearest
sources
.99
Table
6.25.
Typological classification of the obsidian artefacts recorded in each of the four analysed lithic assemblages
100
Table
6.26.
Length distribution of the analysed obsidian artefacts in the four obsidian-bearing Hungarian sites
.100
Table
6.27.
Width distribution of the analysed obsidian artefacts in the four obsidian-bearing Hungarian sites
.101
Table
6.28.
Thickness distribution of the analysed obsidian artefacts in the four obsidian-bearing Hungarian sites
.101
Table
6.29.
Weight distribution of the analysed obsidian artefacts in the four obsidian-bearing Hungarian sites
.101
Table
6.31.
Cortex position, in the Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
obsidian
artefacts
.104
Table
6.32.
Platform type distribution in Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
respectively
.104
Table
6.30.
Cortex extent in the Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
obsidian artefacts
.104
Table
6.33.
Retouch extent on the obsidian artefacts examined from the Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
obsidian assemblages
.106
Table
6.34.
Retouch position
1
on the obsidian artefacts examined from the Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
obsidian assemblages
.106
Table
6.35.
Retouch position
2
on the obsidian artefacts examined from the Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
obsidian assemblages
.107
Table
6.36.
Platform types distribution in Bodrogkeresztur,
Subalyuk, Ballavölgyi
and
Pilismarót-Diós
respectively.
.107
Table
7.1.
Distribution of the various frequency classes
intime
and space
.110
Table
7.2.
General typological classes identified in each of the regions under investigation and separated according to
Palaeolithic sub-phase
.
Ill
Table
7.3.
Operational sequence stages of obsidian assemblages divided among regions and Palaeolithic
sub- phases
.112
Table
7.4.
Group distances classified according to their regional and temporal framework and presented in
10
km intervals
.113
Table
7.5.
Group distances classified according to their regional and temporal framework and presented in
50
km intervals
.113
Table
7.6.
Typologies of Palaeolithic obsidian assemblages plotted with the nearest source distances from which the raw
material could have derived. Distances are given in
50
km intervals
.117
Table
7.7.
Operational sequence stages of the identified Palaeolithic obsidian assemblages plotted with the nearest source
distances. Distances are given in
10
km intervals
.117
Table
7.8.
Spatial networks as suggested by the obsidian movement in each of the three regions under investigation
and the three Palaeolithic sub-phases
.121
Table
7.9.
Productivity of ecosystems; comparison between modern forests/woodlands and savannas. Data from Leonard
etal.(2003)
.128
Table
7.10.
Low effective temperatures indicate cold, seasonal environments with short growing seasons whilst high
effective temperature values are related to tropical, non-seasonal environments with long growing seasons. Data from
Kelly
(1995.129
Table
7.11.
The data used are from Kelly
1995
(table
4.1)
on the average movement distance of hunter -gatherers in
regions with ecosystems/ET values equivalent to those of the regions under investigation. The territory size was
calculated using the average distance as the radius of a circle in order to enable comparisons with the obsidian
dataset
. 129
VI
Table
7.12.
[Extract
of
table
3.13].
Minimum distances covered by Palaeolithic hominins during the exploitation of
obsidian and the territory sizes estimated using those distances as the radius of a circular area. For Europe only the six
definite sources have been used in the calculations. Note that overall the African ranges are smaller than in Europe.
Highlighted cells are the ones representing the Kenyan and Hungarian sites
.130
Table
7.15.
Minimum site-to-source obsidian distances and coverage areas between Kenya and Hungary. Note that the
Hungarian values include only the six definitely utilised obsidian sources
.131
Table
7.13.
Taking into account all the possible central European obsidian sources
.131
Table
7.14.
Minimum and maximum site-to-source distances and territory sizes according to obsidian. Note that Europe
does not include the incomplete Mediterranean
dataset
.131
Table
7.16.
GÜÍ15
and Bodrogkeresztur distances from all the available obsidian sources in their regions. Coloured
sources in Bodrogkeresztur represent the six sources definitely in use (mid-grey= Hungarian sources, gark grey=
Slovakian sources). Coloured sources in GtJil5 (light grey) represent the Naivasha region sources, i.e. the most likely
used sources in the broader GtJil
5
area
.132
Table
7.17.
Obsidian site-to-source distances and territory sizes divided according to Palaeolithic phase. European
values including only the six definite obsidian sources
.133
Table
7.18.
Chronological distribution of obsidian site-to-source distances and territory sizes in central Europe including
all the possible obsidian sources
.134
Table
7.19.
Lower Palaeolithic obsidian transfers in Turkey and the Caucasus regions. Compare with the Earlier Stone
Age
(ESA)
data from table
7.17.134
Table
7.20.
Turkish and Caucasian Middle Palaeolithic obsidian transfers and territory sizes. Note how the ranges missing
from Europe appear in these regions and also the presence of greater values on the upper limit of the km range as
opposed to central Europe
.134
Table
7.21.
Average maximum km ranges of other lithic materials in Palaeolithic Europe and Africa (Gamble
&
Steele
1999).
The sample size for each period is given in the parentheses (n)
.135
Table
7.22.
Maximum raw material transfers in Western and Central Europe for the Late Middle Palaeolithic
(Féblot-
Augustins
1999).136
Table
7.23.
Féblot-Augustins'
current propositions about the scale of group mobility and the extent of interaction
networks in the European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic based on transfers of lithics alone. From
Féblot-Augustins
2009
(figure
3.5).136
Table
7.24.
Extended social networks are recognised as evidence of modern hominin behaviour even by the proponents
of a late advent to modernity. From Henshilwood
&
Marean
(2006).144
Vil |
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| id | DE-604.BV042005342 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-31T19:06:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781407312446 1407312448 |
| language | English German |
| lccn | 013481164 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027447298 |
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| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 |
| physical | X, 170 pages illustrations, maps, and charts 31 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Archaeopress |
| record_format | marc |
| series | BAR international series |
| series2 | BAR international series |
| spelling | Moutsiou, Theodora Verfasser (DE-588)1058329324 aut The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc Theodora Moutsiou Oxford Archaeopress 2014 X, 170 pages illustrations, maps, and charts 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier BAR international series 2613 Includes bibliographical references pages (155-170) Paleolithic period Obsidian implements Antiquities, Prehistoric Sozialarchäologie (DE-588)4181905-6 gnd rswk-swf Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 gnd rswk-swf Artefakt (DE-588)4143114-5 gnd rswk-swf Obsidian (DE-588)4172330-2 gnd rswk-swf Obsidian (DE-588)4172330-2 s Artefakt (DE-588)4143114-5 s Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 s Sozialarchäologie (DE-588)4181905-6 s DE-604 BAR international series 2613 (DE-604)BV023549802 2613 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027447298&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Moutsiou, Theodora The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc BAR international series Paleolithic period Obsidian implements Antiquities, Prehistoric Sozialarchäologie (DE-588)4181905-6 gnd Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 gnd Artefakt (DE-588)4143114-5 gnd Obsidian (DE-588)4172330-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4181905-6 (DE-588)4140148-7 (DE-588)4143114-5 (DE-588)4172330-2 |
| title | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc |
| title_auth | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc |
| title_exact_search | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc |
| title_full | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc Theodora Moutsiou |
| title_fullStr | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc Theodora Moutsiou |
| title_full_unstemmed | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc Theodora Moutsiou |
| title_short | The obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc |
| title_sort | the obsidian evidence for the scale of social life during the palaeolithilc |
| topic | Paleolithic period Obsidian implements Antiquities, Prehistoric Sozialarchäologie (DE-588)4181905-6 gnd Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 gnd Artefakt (DE-588)4143114-5 gnd Obsidian (DE-588)4172330-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Paleolithic period Obsidian implements Antiquities, Prehistoric Sozialarchäologie Paläolithikum Artefakt Obsidian |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027447298&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023549802 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT moutsioutheodora theobsidianevidenceforthescaleofsociallifeduringthepalaeolithilc |