Pragmatics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford textbooks in linguistics
Oxford linguistics |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 464 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199577767 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804152406896803840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
to the second edition
xiv
Acknowledgements to the second edition
xvi
Preface to the first edition
xix
Acknowledgements to the first edition
xxi
Symbols and abbreviations
xxiii
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
What is pragmatics?
1
1.1.1.
A definition
1
1.1.2.
A brief history of pragmatics
2
1.1.3.
Two main schools of thought in pragmatics:
Anglo-American versus European Continental
4
1.2.
Why pragmatics?
7
1.2.1.
Linguistic underdeterminacy
7
1.2.2.
Simplification of semantics and syntax
9
1.3.
Some basic notions in semantics and pragmatics
13
1.3.1.
Sentence, utterance, and proposition
1 3
1.3.2.
Context
16
1.3.3.
Truth value, truth condition, and entailment
1 7
1.4.
Organization of the book
21
Key concepts
22
Exercises and essay topics
22
Further readings
23
Part I Central topics in pragmatics
25
2.
Implicature
27
2.1.
Classical Gricean theory of conversational implicature
28
2.1.1.
Grice s notion of non-natural meaning or
meaningnn
28
2.1.2.
Grice s co-operative principle and the
maxims of conversation
29
2.1.3.
Relationship between a speaker and the maxims
30
VIU
CONTENTS
2.1.4.
Conversational implicatureo versus
conversational
implicaturep
31
2.1.5.
Generalized versus particularized
conversational implicature
38
2.1.6.
Properties of conversational implicature
39
2.2.
Two neo-Gricean pragmatic theories of conversational
implicature
43
2.2.1.
The Hornian system
44
2.2.2.
The Levinsonian system
49
2.3.
Some current debates about conversational implicature
66
2.4.
Embedded (conversational) implicature
68
2.4.1.
What is an embedded implicature?
68
2.4.2.
The main problem
69
2.4.3.
Analyses
70
2.5.
Conventional implicature
73
2.5.1.
What is conventional implicature?
73
2.5.2.
Properties of conventional implicature
75
2.6.
Summary
78
Key concepts
78
Exercises and essay questions
79
Further readings
83
3.
Presupposition
84
3.1.
Phenomena of presupposition
85
3.1.1.
What is presupposition?
85
3.1.2.
Some representative examples of
presupposition
86
3.2.
Properties of presupposition
89
3.2.1.
Constancy under negation
89
3.2.2.
Defeasibility
90
3.2.3.
The projection problem
95
3.3.
Analyses
97
3.3.1.
Three main issues
98
3.3.2.
The filtering-satisfaction analysis
100
3.3.3.
The cancellation analysis
104
3.3.4.
The accommodation analysis
108
3.4.
Summary
113
Key concepts
114
Exercises and essay questions
114
Further readings
117
CONTENTS
IX
4.
Speech acts
118
4.1.
Performatives versus constatives
119
4.1.1.
The performative-constative dichotomy
119
4.1.2.
The performative hypothesis
123
4.2.
Austin s felicity conditions on performatives
124
4.3.
Locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts
126
4.4.
Searle s felicity conditions on speech acts
130
4.5.
Searle s typology of speech acts
1 32
4.6.
Indirect speech acts
1 35
4.6.1.
What is an indirect speech act?
135
4.6.2.
How is an indirect speech act analysed?
138
4.6.3.
Why is an indirect speech act used? Some
remarks on politeness and impoliteness
142
4.7.
Speech acts and culture
152
4.7.1.
Cross-cultural variation
152
4.7.2.
Interlanguage variation
161
4.8.
Summary
163
Key concepts
1 64
Exercises and essay topics
165
Further readings
168
5.
Deixis
169
5.1.
Preliminaries
171
5.1.1.
Deictic versus non-deictic expression
171
5.1.2.
Gestural versus symbolic use of a deictic
expression
172
5.1.3.
Deictic centre and deictic projection
1 73
5.2.
Basic categories of deixis
1 74
5.2.1.
Person deixis
174
5.2.2.
Time deixis
182
5.2.3.
Space deixis
187
5.3.
Other categories of deixis
208
5.3.1.
Social deixis
208
5.3.2.
Discourse deixis
216
5.3.3.
Emotional deixis
219
5.4.
Summary
220
Key concepts
220
Exercises and essay questions
221
Further readings
223
X
CONTENTS
6.
Reference
224
6.1.
What is reference?
226
6.2.
Referring expressions
227
6.2.1.
Proper names
227
6.2.2.
Definite descriptions
228
6.2.3.
Indefinite descriptions
231
6.2.4.
Quantificational NPs
232
6.2.5.
Possessive NPs
232
6.2.6.
Generic NPs
233
6.2.7.
Demonstratives
233
6.2.8.
Pronouns
234
6.2.9.
Common nouns/bare NPs
234
6.3.
Anaphoric uses of pronouns
235
6.3.1.
Referential pronouns
235
6.3.2.
Bound-variable pronouns
235
6.3.3.
Е
-type
pronouns
236
6.3.4.
Pronouns of laziness
237
6.3.5.
Bridging-cross reference anaphora
237
6.4.
More on proper names and definite descriptions:
some classical philosophical distinctions and analyses
of reference
238
6.4.1.
Proper names
238
6.4.2.
Definite descriptions
246
6.5.
Deferred or transferred reference
252
6.5.1.
The phenomenon
252
6.5.2.
Analyses
256
6.6.
Summary
260
Key concepts
260
Exercises and essay questions
261
Further readings
263
Part II Pragmatics and its interfaces
265
7.
Pragmatics and cognition: relevance theory
267
7.1.
Relevance
268
7.1.1.
The cognitive principle of relevance
268
7.1.2.
The communicative principle of relevance
271
7.2.
Exphcature, r-implicature, and conceptual versus
procedural meaning
274
CONTENTS Xl
7.2.1. Grice:
what is said versus what is conversationally
implicated
274
7.2.2.
Explicature
275
7.2.3.
R-implicature
280
7.2.4.
Conceptual versus procedural meaning
284
7.3.
From
Fodorian
central process to
submodule
of
theory of mind
285
7.3.1.
Fodorian
theory of cognitive modularity
285
7.3.2. Sperber
and Wilson s earlier position: pragmatics
as
Fodorian
central process
287
7.3.3. Sperber
and Wilson s current position: pragmatics
as
submodule
of theory of mind
287
7.4.
Relevance theory and the classical/neo-Gricean
pragmatic theory compared
288
7.5.
Summary
293
Key concepts
294
Exercises and essay questions
295
Further readings
296
8.
Pragmatics and semantics
297
8.1.
Reductionism versus complementarism
298
8.2.
Drawing the semantics-pragmatics distinction
299
8.2.1.
Truth-conditional versus non-truth-conditional
meaning
300
8.2.2.
Conventional versus non-conventional
meaning
301
8.2.3.
Context independence versus context
dependence
302
8.3.
Pragmatic intrusion into what is said and the
semantics-pragmatics interface
303
8.3.1.
Grice: what is said versus what is conversationally
implicated revisited
304
8.3.2.
Contextualism versus semantic minimalism in the
philosophy of language
307
8.3.3.
Four (pragmatic) analyses: explicature,
pragmatically enriched said, impliciture, and
conversational implicature
311
8.4.
Can explicature, the pragmatically enriched said,
and impliciture be distinguished from conversational
implicature?
323
XU CONTENTS
8.5.
The five analyses compared
329
8.5.1.
Grice
329
8.5.2.
Relevance theorists
329
8.5.3.
Recanati
330
8.5.4.
Bach
330
8.5.5.
Levinson
331
8.6.
Summary
333
Key concepts
334
Exercises and essay questions
335
Further readings
337
9.
Pragmatics and syntax
338
9.1.
Chomsky s views about language and linguistics
340
9.2.
Chomsky s binding theory
341
9.3.
Problems for Chomsky s binding theory
343
9.3.1.
Binding condition A
343
9.3.2.
Binding condition
В
345
9.3.3.
Complementarity between anaphors
and
pronominais
346
9.3.4.
Binding condition
С
349
9.3.5.
Elimination of binding conditions?
350
9.4.
A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic theory of anaphora
351
9.4.1.
The general pattern of anaphora
353
9.4.2.
A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic apparatus
for anaphora
354
9.4.3.
The binding patterns
358
9.4.4.
Beyond the binding patterns
359
9.4.5.
Unexpectedness: emphaticness or contrastiveness,
logophoricity,and
de se
attitude or belief
ascription
361
9.5.
Theoretical implications
367
9.6.
Summary
370
Key concepts
371
Exercises and essay questions
372
Further readings
374
CONTENTS Xlii
Glossary
375
References
383
Suggested solutions to exercises
425
Index of languages, language families, and language areas
441
Index of names
447
Index of subjects
456
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