Skadarsko jezero: vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Veröffentlicht: |
Podgorica
"Vizija"
2013
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. und russ. Sprache. |
| Beschreibung: | 191 S. überw. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789940948900 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Skadarsko jezero |b vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore |c Dragan-Drago Leković. [Autor fotografija Zoran Fatić] |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Lake of Skadar |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Skadarskoe ozero |
| 264 | 1 | |a Podgorica |b "Vizija" |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a 191 S. |b überw. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 336 | |b sti |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
сядгяш
ПРЕДГОВОР
.7
УВОД
.11
СКАДАРСКО
JE3EPO
Вјекови историје, културе
и духовности Црне
Горе.
.25
„Монте Карло"
на Скадарском
j
езеру.
.32
Манастир Пречиста
Крајинска
и двор
.46
Црква на Топхали
.52
Манастир на острву
Врањина
.54
Манастир Светог
Георгија
-
Космач.
.62
Манастир на острву Старчеву.
.64
Манастир на острву Бешка (Горица).
.72
Манастир на острву Морачнику
.,.80
Манастир на острву Кому
.88
Вирпазар.
.106
Годиње
.114
Лесендро
.120
Жабљак Црнојевића
.122
Обод
Црнојевића
.124
Ријека Црнојевића
.128
Манастири у
регији Скадарског језера
.156
Закључак
.159
Зоран
Лакић:
Извод из
рецензије
.164
Марко
Остојић: Ријеч
о
аутору
.165
LAKE OF SKADAR
Centuries of history, culture and spirituality of Montenegro
.,.167
СКАДАРСКОЕ ОЗЕРО
Века истории, культуры и духовности Черногории
. 179
LAKE OF SKADAR
Centuries of history, culture and spirituality of
Montenegro
kadar
Lake is the largest lake in the Balkan and the greatest treasure of Montenegro.
ι
Water mass, at the disposal is the biggest reservoir of fresh water that is three times
the annual change naturally draining by river
Bojana
in the Adriatic see. His catchment
area accounts half of the territory of Montenegro.
These two factors are determine its great importance and significance for the life of our
country. Its area is
370
km2 of which belongs to Montenegro
188
km2 and
148
km2 Albania.
Since
1983.
the Skadar Lake is the National Park, and since
1989
the
VA
has a status-area
of international importance for residence of birds. Since
1995.
is on the list of the world's
wetlands (Ramstar list). From the National Park belongs to Montenegro
60%,
and
40%
of
Albania's surface.
The landscape of a rare beauty and mild climate, only with a single mountain ridge is
separated from the sea to which is linked the
Bojana
river.
During the last full millennium since the X century, in those regions there were govern the
five dynasties: Vojislavljevic, Nemanjic,
Balsie,
Crnojevic and Petrovic. The dynasties
highmoral and ruler qualities, were very remembered by the people they ruled. From Vla¬
dislav and
Vojislav
Vojislavljevic, archont Peter and his son Saint
Jovan
Vladimir, from the
second half of the X century, its ruler skill were expressed in country Duklja and
Zeta
with
headquarters in
Precista
Krajinska,
today
Ostros
in
Krajina.
There are still the ruins of a
palace and a monastery with wells on which is inscribed the date of construction-
1001.
Since the beginning of the
VII
century this area inhabited by Slavic tribes. Arrival of the
Slavs in this region are bring the big changes that will manifest itself both in material
cultural and in spiritual life. Previous achievements of the ancient world have fundamentally
shaken. Ancient cities, towns, and buildings were destroyed, devastated, and many of them
disappeared.
The Slavs were used from of the existing settlements only hillfort settlements. This confirms
that the oft-mentioned word "fort" is of Slavic origin. About the character of Slavic
settlements are lack written sources.
The first written data of the
hillforts,
after the permanent retention of the Slavs in those
regions, are provide midway of the X century
Constantine
Porphyrogenit, in his book
"De
administrando
Imperio".
Spiritual and church organization of this period is characterized by an a extreme
christianization. The basic forms of church buildings are smaller naval facilities with a
barrel vault. In the time the dynasty of Nemanjic at the region of Skadar lake is elevated a
large number of churches, particularly in rural areas, which is discussed in folk tradition
preserved in the data (history) in some churches that are built on the foundations of
buildings of dynasty of
Nemanich.
Population of whole Shkodra valley, from ancient times, was referred to the lake as the
source of culture, spirituality, history, and cheap food. Special rural units are ancient fishing
villages built on retrieval of lake water by the shore. There are dozens of such villages
around the entire lake. The leaders in those are the villages: Karuc, Dodosi, Bezagur, Vranji-
na,
Pristan, Radus
and
Krnj
ice. Human tracks, settlements, graveyards, cities and traces of
167
Драїан-Драю П.
Лековић
many civilizations are confirm strongly tying a man to a new environment, which was his
constant physical, moral and spiritual generator.
After the fall of
Zeta
under the Turks, in the end of XV century, when the name
Zeta
changed with Montenegro ruled by Crnojevici, resulting migration of capital from
Zabijak
to
Obod
near the River of Crnojevica, and from there to Cetinje. Their rule lasted until the
end of the XV century.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Montenegro had autonomous status within
the Ottoman Empire. After this period, which lasted for almost two centuries, the rule over the
state of Montenegro is take the dynasty of Petrovic Njegos whose founder bishop
Danilo
Petrovic. Then begins the rule of the bishops whose were secular and spiritual power in
Montenegro until the end of the first half of the nineteenth century, when Montenegro became a
Principality, led by Prince
Danilo
Petrovic, who rules a short time (nine years). He ended his
life in the death of
Kotor
in
1860.
Inherited him by his nephew Nikola
Mirkov
Petrovic which
will be on the Montenegrin throne until his natural death in exile in Italy in
1921.
Historical monuments, religious buildings, files and records, charters, literary creativity and
rich archives in those areas have been preserved up to the present time. A number of historical
monuments and religious sites are located in the ruins, but they are witnesses high culture,
civilization and spirituality.
Many have been restored thanking to the Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral in
Cetinje. In the period after the catastrophic quake in
1979.
the Municipality of Bar was
funded across the cultural self-interest community significant scientific and investigate
researches, as required by under the control of experts from the Institute for Protection of
Monuments and Culture in Cetinje, in
Precista
Krajinska, Starčevo,
Beska
and Moracnik.
Investigate duties was perform working organization "Museums and galleries" from Pod¬
gorica, led by architect
Vaja
Knežević.
With an excavations have uncovered an old building
foundations, and found a valuable archaeological material of ceramic and metal, which is
deposited in the custody of the Museum in Podgorica.
The long spoken thought that without the past there is no future, will confirm this book.
History that is all around us, being still alive, and will serve as a confirmation of the presence
of light and a past times that does not pass, and whose are only covered up the layers of time,
which can be rediscovered with increased attention and respect.
In the area of this field, which had a long prehistoric period and for many centuries, were
created the Montenegrin history with a very important cultural and material heritage. Some
ancient monuments reminiscent to ancient history in which through this gentle and attrac¬
tive country swept many nations. Most of these cultures and testimonies were gone forever,
but what is left, we need to preserve for the future.
At the most subtle emotions are carry the peculiar landscapes and geographical area of
Skadar Lake and its region in the souls and in indelible memorization of residents from its
coastline and visitors whose in an original way are perceive him. Skadar lake fascinates
every sincere and captivating visitor. At the best way he combines everything that a man can
give. Coupled with a human and natural power of friendship, its harmony and divine gifts
is siding with the man.
The historical experiences of this area, acquired in Roman settlements with strong penetration
of Byzantine spirituality, and with the influence of Mediterranean cultural and spiritual circle,
are make the lake cultural cradle of Montenegro. Civilization, culture and spirituality of
the ancient state were radiated throughout a millennium.
168
СКАДАРСКО ЈЕЗЕРО
That this is so is made evident by the pressroom of River of Crnojevica in
Obod
where is
printed the first our book in
1494.
On
Starčevo
in
1510.
were transferred the mortal remains
the printer Bozidar Vukovic by his expressed desire and yearning. Religious facilities on
Lake were presented Zetska
Sveta
Gora,
where were hand-copied books of the church in
monasteries and in the islands Vranjina,
Beska
and Krnjice. The island
Beska
is the church
which was constructed for her eternal abode
Balsie
Jelena,
daughter of the Saint Prince
Lazar
and wife of Balsa II
Balsie
in of mid-fourteenth century.
The lake has been the capital of Saint king
Jovan
Vladimir at the end of X century and
beginning of the XI century, while seat dynasty
Crnoj
evie in
the River Crnojevica before
they founded Cetinje. Especially at the state and in the spiritual level, this region has an
invaluable historical importance. In those areas, in the wider region, at a distance of
50
miles, there are large number of churches and monasteries.
They were located and found the remains of our greatest saints and miracles. In
Precista
Krajinska,
today
Ostros
below the Saint mountain
Rumija
were located the relics of Saint
Jovan
Vladimir thousand years ago.
And up at the top Timor, just below Lovcen, to the hero's nest of outlaws and vigilantes, sufferings
and poets, where the sky was still awake, shone the torch of unblanked. freedom.
This is Cetinje, our eternal Cetinje and in him tired guns and
džeferdari,
sharp yataghans and
flags of war to teach us and admonish who we are, what we were and to move us to new
efforts and responsibilities, that much we can and we must. In Cetmje monastery are the
relics of St. Peter of Cetinje-Miracle.
In the monastery Dajbabe located in Podgorica were the relics of Saint Simeon Popovic. The
relics of St. Stevan Stiljanovic were located in a monastery near
Danilo
vgrad Zdrebaonik,
but in
Oštrog
beams relics of St. Vasilije Miracle, where in the adoration and benediction are
come the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims and worshipers. In monastery
Stijena
Piperska
are relics of Stevan
Piperski.
Rarely one can find such a number of shrines and saints in such
a short distance.
MONASTERY PRECISTA KRAINSKA AND PALACE
The relicts of the monastery
Precista
Krainska, with Church
Uspenje Bogorodice,
located in
Ostros,
in
Kraina,
in the extreme southwestern part of the Skadar Lake,
situated
34
kilometers from Virpazar.
The monastery was founded by Prince of
Zeta Jovan
Vladimir at the beginning of XI
century. About his life, fighting with the Macedonian landowners, wedding with daughter
of emperor Samuilo,
Kosara
and on tragic death of
1016,
we found data in "Yearbook priest
of Dukljanin". In people awareness are still living legend of love between spouses of
Jovan
Vladimir and
Kosara.
According to some sources the prince of
Zeta
had the palace named
"Kraljić"
in the respective village Kostanjica, where there is an old well, which is still called
Kosara
well and who is registered with built in
1001
as the year of construction.
Prince
Jovan
Vladimir was declared the first saint of
Zeta.
We can found
Precista
Krajina
in
written sources again until in the fifteenth century, in a one Charter of Balsa III, in which he
given Monastery for the use certain salts. There are mentions Metropolitan of
Zeta
Arsenije
"so vsem
zborom i klirosom"
of
Precista
Krajinska.
From this data derives the conclusion
that the seat of Metropolitan
Zeta
at this time was moved from the Saint Archangels near
Prevlaka
-
Tivat to
Precista
Krajinska.
169
Драіан-Драю П.
Лековић
Legend
says that is Prince of
Jovan
in the battle in
Oblik
1010
was defeated by the Mace¬
donian emperor Samuil and taken to jail in Prespa. In him felt in love daughter of Samuilo,
Theodora-Kosara, whom he married, returned to the
Precista
Krajinska
and ruled until his
death
1016.
He was buried in this monastery. After her husband's death
Kosara
monk and
remained faithful to the grave of her husband in which she was buried.
Kosara
was literat-
ed and educated woman known by the name Serbian nuns.
From that time dates the wooden cross brother of
Kosara,
Vladislav,who was sent a gift to
Jovan,
as a guarantee for his life and under which the fraud executed at the exit of the church
in Prespa (Macedonia). The cross along with the dead body brought in
Precista
Krajinska.
Is studded with silver and to this day is kept by Androvic family in Bar as a precious relic
with a special reverence. From this time until the present day, each year the cross peak of
Mount
Rumija
at
4
June at the Day of
Trojica,
in whose procession participate all confessions,
Orthodox, Catholics and Muslims. So this ancient custom still lives.
MONASTERY IN VRANJINA IRELAND
In a series of Gorica-island on Skadar Lake, where there are churches-mausoleums of
Balsie
and Crnojevic Vranjina occupies a special place. This is the only inhabited island
(now connected to the mainland by the construction of highway and railway line), where
the river flows into the Moraca Skadar Lake, located medieval monastery dedicated to Saint
Nicola. The establishment of the monastery is attributed to Bishop of
Zeta, Ilarion
(1233).
Saint
Sava
is appended to him in Plavnica possessions and it is the seat of the
Zeta
metrop¬
olis. At the time from
1233.
to
1527.
the contributions and gifts to the monastery gave King
of Vladislav, Queen of
Jelena
and King of
Milutin.
During Emperor of Dusan, this
monastery was the branch monastery of the Saint Archangel in Jerusalem. The tradition of
land contributions continue Balsici, Djuradj Stratimirovic, Balsa III and Ivan Crnojevic,
whose famous writer was his his prior Nikon Jerusalimac. The last Charter of Vranjina is
from era of Skender Bey Crnojevic from
1527.
In Cetinje monastery is preserved stamp
metropolis of Vranjina with the figure of Saint Nichola, which was created prior transmitting
from the headquarters of the Metropolitan
Zeta
Vranjina to Cetinje
1484.
Basin of Skadar lake, on whose islets
-
hills medieval lords of
Zeta,
Balsici and Crnojevici,
in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were raised grave church-mausoleum is a unique
phenomenon. In these spiritual centers carried out an intensive work on rewriting and
multiplication of books. Although only a small number of preserved manuscripts with
records, which confirm their emergence on the hills, however, based on the notion of them
crystallized "Scriptorium of Skadar Lake".
Starčeva Gorica
is the founder of the new
activities that best illustrates the cultural climate of
Zeta
from the time of Balsici.
MONASTERY IN
STARČEVO
IRELAND
tarcevo is one of the three largest islands, along the western lake shore, and the first
к
with him we meet from the direction Virpazar and Vranjina. Monastery was built in
the southwestern part and glued to the rocks that protect it from the north winds.
Although it is not known exactly during founding of the church of
Uspenje Bogorodice
in
Starčevo,
its construction is placed between
1376/1378.
Older man Makarije monastery
founder, was a prominent figure, according to him the island was called hill of Saint older
man Makarije, and later
Starčevo
or
Starčeva Gorica.
170
СКАДАРСКО ЈЕЗЕРО
The desire of the famous printer
Bozi
dar Vukovic-Podgoricanin
to be transferred after death
to his homeland and buried in
Starčevo,
revealing his deep roots in thes areas where with
hard work giving birth to books. Today, the two known manuscripts that were certainly
made in the Skriptorijum of
Starčevo.
One is a prologue, written in the seventies of the
fourteenth century, from the State Library in Berlin with a track that has emerged, in
"Gorica
Svetog starca
Makarija
na dni blagocastivoga
Djurdja Balsica". The second is
Cetvoroje-
vandjelja Starčeve Gorice
from Venice Library
Marciana
that records: "si tetrovangelije
Starčeve Gorice"
Undoubted is that the other manuscripts from the old man's scriptorium
scattered around the world libraries, and that further researches will be identified.
MONASTERY IN
BESKA
IRELAND
nother group mausoleums of
Balsie
are located on an small island,
Beska,
also
called
Gorica
and
Brezovica.
Church of Saint George and Virgin's temple, along
ι
with the dormitory buildings, consisted of a complex large monastery complex.
Unlike the temple of
Starčevo,
built with rocks, churches in
Beska
are located in an open
and visible plateau.
There are no historical data on raising of an older church, St. George's. That its founder was
Djurdje Stracimirovic
Balsie
II, it can be conclude from the fact that his wife, Elena,
daughter of Prince
Lazar,
made his mausoleum near the church of Sv. George. All churches
in the hills of Lake Skadar, and the
Precista
Krajinska,
dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in
addition to the
Beska
whose patron and founder possible have the same name. In his will
from
1442
Jelena
Balsie
was mentioned extensive repairs performed in the church of St.
George, which means that the repair was done in the last two decades the fourteenth
century. Along the south wall is a grave with a simple cover plate, probably the founder of
Balsa II. In the research papers in front of the church of St. George was discovered in the
pavement and above which was a wooden porch. On the western side of the wall are visible
traces of its construction reclining.
Quite different is the quality of the Virgin church "gospoge
Jele"
was built in the middle of
the fifteenth century when the hills were in the possession of Crnojevic. Informations about
the church we find from the inscription on the lintel that says:
"Sazda se hram presvetije
Bogorodice
s
trudom i otkupom bogočastivoj gospogi Jele dšteri svotopočivšago kneza La¬
zara i podruže gospodina Djurdja Stracimirovica
v leto
(6948) 1439.
Both the churches in
Beska
were painted. Along the southern wall of the temple in the western bay was located the
founder's tomb of Elena
Balsie.
By research papers was concluded that the tomb opened
earlier and partially destroyed.
Similar to
Starčevo,
in
Beska
took place intense spiritual life and copied books. Sestodnevnik
from
1439/40
by learned old man Nikon Jerusalimac, that is today located in museum near
Herceg
Novi,
was made in the scriptorium on
Beska
island. High scholarly environment
cherished by
Jelena
Balsie
best reflected in the famous manuscript of the Anthology of
Gorica
from
1441/42,
that is now in the Library of the Serbian Academy of Arts and
Sciences in Belgrade, which was created as a result of her correspondence with the Nikon
Jerusalimac, her spiritual father. From this, apparently the most representative complex on
the lake, were stayed bare and lonely his churches.
We can only assume what artistic contents had once of those books. It is well known that
Jelena
Balsie
maintained links with the artistic circles of
Dubrovnik
and
Kotor. Andrija Izat,
Kotor
goldsmith, made the cover of one of her books. It is possible that in that environment
171
Драіан-Драю П.
Лековић
she hired artists to decorate her mausoleum. From the frescoes of the former and gorgeous
and ritual objects is nothing left, but Notre Dame of
Jelena
Balsie
still captures the beauty
of the gothic silhouette that has withstood centuries.
Several years ago, in early twenty-first century, thanks to the care, attention and necessary
needs, that showed and shows Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral, from Cetinje,
and that has taken an extensive work on the faithful reconstruction of churches and monas¬
teries in Montenegro, especially in the area of Skadar Lake at the common good are revitalized
and empowered all the churches and monasteries on Skadar Lake. What has been done in
this and in other areas of Montenegro over the past two decades, has been published in a
book issued under the title "Rehabilitation and construction of temples" in which they were
published all religious buildings completed in the territory of Montenegro.
MONASTERY IN MORACNIK IRELAND
oracnik is the latest island in a series of hills to Albania with endowments of
Balsie.
Notre Dame is located on a plateau in the far eastern part of the islands.
Construction of the church is attributed to the Balsa III, between the
1404
and
1417.
The first mention of temple we meet in the Charter of Balsa III who donates the
threshing floor of salt, at the same time that donates the
Precista
Krajinska.
Similar to the
other monasteries, with the lake hills, and Moracnik was neglected. About his later life, there
is no trace in the written documents. The church of Notre Dame at Moracnik is the youngest
trihonkosa of
Balsie,
and in its architectural framework contains an old forms of
Starčevo
and
Beska.
Like other endowments of Balsici, and Moracnik was picturesque. In the
window frames were preserved traces of freskomalter.
East and south from the church, is quite arbitrary set, there were monastic buildings. The
biggest belonged to the guest house, and the other, on the south side, it is assumed to be a
monastery dining room. Between the two buildings erected towers whose rests are still
dominated by the complex. It was found that the tower has on four floors, as well as in
Precista
Krajinska.
She had a chapel. The tower is also used for defense. Regulated by the
pier for boats (canoes and boats) led the paved path to the monastery gate. Terraced fields,
within the bounded space, as well as other parts of the plateau, were once cultivated. How
close is a small island Topoana, it is obviously that the tower on Moracnik operated with
him in terms of monitoring and defending the monastery hills. Like in the other islands, in
the Moracnik were conducted restoration and conservation works. The church was repaired,
the rests of architecture, narthex, dormitories and other ancillary facilities are preserved. It
was made a partial reconstruction of an access gate and marked frail from the landing to the
entrance to the complex.
MONASTERY ON
КОМ
ISLAND
onastery
Kom
with a church of
Uspenje Bogorodica
was built in branch of the
island Odrinska
gora
in Skadar Lake, near
Zabijak.
The church in
Kom
continue
the tradition of the Virgin cult, that cultivated by Balsici.
Kom
has also accept a
tradition mausoleum burial churches. This is evidenced by a document from
1444,
in which
Kojcin Crnojevic asks the Venetian authorities in Shkoder and
Kotor,
to restore all confis¬
cated monastery and church properties in the
Zeta
core, that was built by his old and the
other
Zeta
gentlemen, and in which where are all buried.
172
СКАДАРСКО ЈЕЗЕРО
Kom
is the endowment of Djurdje and Ljes Cmojevic. There is no exact sources of the pre¬
cise construction of the church, but its occurrence dates between
1415
and
1427.
For a short
time in
Kom
was the seat of
Zeta
Metropolitan, who is after leaving the monastery Saint
Arhandjel Mihailo in
Prevlaka
over
Precista
Krajinska
and over Saint Nicola in Vranjina
transferred to the
Kom.
The monastery was not active long-lived, because after the
Zabijak
fall in
1478.
Turks were in the vicinity. Already in
1485
in the Charter on establishing of the
monastery Cetinje attaches to the Saint Virgin in Cetinje all properties that belonged to the
Kom
church. However, it was not definitely leaving of the monastery. In the eighth decade
of the sixteenth century,
Kom
is colorful, which proves that even then was a living spiritual
center. During the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the monastery was almost completely
abandoned. In the mid-nineteenth century, it him was rebuilt the service on the day of
Uspenje Bogorodice,
when took place the meeting of people from Ceklin. Respecting of
Zeta
metropolitan tradition and glorious past of dynasty Cmojevic, Njegos was ordained in
Korn in
title Archimandrite by Prizren Metropolitan, in winter
1831.
During the ascent
Monastery
Korn was
very rich because of fertile land, which is flood lake now, located
under crops, vineyards and pastures. Similar to churches by
Balsie, Kom
s
walls of the
church are scattered to delay liturgical objects.
The church Uspenje
Bogorodice
is picturesque in two cases. Old frescoes are from the time
from
1470.
conch of the apse in the north chapel, which shows the performance of the Virgin
with open arms and with a medal of Christ in the breast. The inscription on the outer wall
highlights that the wooden porch built very early, respectively, by when side chapels.
Another drawing of the church, formed soon after restoration of the Pec Patriarchate, when
it comes a historical momentum in the restoration and painting of churches and monasteries.
On the western front, was length
s
told play final judgement. There are the scenes of big
holidays in the vaults and the general appearance of Christ disaster. Very good falls in the
eyes emphasis of the Virgin underscore character. Her performance with the small Christ
appears in four places, with many details typical for narrative style of the fourteenth century.
The most significant monumental importance Cmojevic family graves. In the nave are four
gravestones. On the south side of the tomb belong Alexi-Lesha and Djuradj, sons by
Stephan
Cmojevic. Here, there is an inscription: "Shines plate Despot Stefan Djuradj Cmojevic
Voevode mu". Next to it is the tomb without inscription, which is related to Djuradj
Cmojevic. Stephen plate Cmojevic its ornament to adorn like tombstones, and the stove,
Mrs. Mary is the work of a master, even better, and she writes: "The light seams Mrs. Mara,
decorated tombs carved exactly is the work of a coastal master who sought the grave of the
mother of Ivan Cmojevic, founder of Cetinje, to reach as the most beautiful Gothic plastic.
Next to the church are the remains of the monastic buildings. The complex has a very early
appearance of fortifications. It is surrounded by a stone wall with two gates, of which the
main is located in the south-west side. Com is like other mausoleums
Balsie
on the lake, by
time and neglect. Only in our time, with the activities of the Metropolitan Cetinje, inserted
a lot of effort to make this a unique and completely preserved temple in time Cmojevic
treats, send, repairs and returned him to his spirituality.
VIRPAZAR
t
the center Crmnica, at the mouth of the river Crmnica
i Orahovstica
in Skadar Lake
is located a small town Virpazar. The name of this place is old. It was first
mentioned under name
Vir
in Charter of King Vladislav in
1242
which this ruler
173
Драіан-Драю П.
Лековић
donates him to monastery of Saint Nicola in Vranjina. Under this name we meet him in
1527
to Skanderbeg
Crnoj
evie
that collects on
Vir Crmnica
aristocracy in order to determine the
boundaries of monastery land of Saint Nikola in Vranjina and Zabesani. The next meeting
under this name is from
1692
by Nikola Erica that emphasizes its convenient location and
imortance for trade with Shkoder. In historical events Virpazar has a special place. At it took
place great historical events starting from the end of seventeenth and beginning to eighteenth
century. According to the minutes of
Rade Turov
Plamenac
and to the other authors were
gathered chiefs of Crmnica in
Vir
assembly in
1702.
and decided to push landowners from
field of Crmnica and at this way interrupt collection of
tribut
from this area.
This solution were conduct into effect peoples from Dupilo with a support a few courageous
people from each tribe of Crmnica. They were killed Turks and the church land were divided
into Crmnica tribes. Important historical event was the construction of a fortress on the hill
Besac, who was armed with a gun, that raised the ruler of Montenegro,
Petar
II Petrovic
Njegos in
1847.
for the protection of the market in
Vir.
In the great epic of national liberating battle
1941/45.
Virpazar occupies prominent place; at
this place it kindled the first insurgent gun in Montenegro against the fascist invaders at
13
July
1941,
at dawn, when began a general uprising of the people in Montenegro, and in
accordance with national and European historiography, the largest and the most powerful of
all the uprisings in enslaved Europe at this time.
With its location, appearance, and with features, this small town before and now was an
example of a unique village in Montenegro. Its location was natural predestinated for a
transport cross-node, and in the past for the trade role. It remains interesting for future,
because beside her passing and will pass, soon, the strongest
trafic
arteries which connect
the Capital city of our country and the coast of Montenegro. Prior the formating small town
in this area was develop a market which in the second half of the nineteenth century, together
with market in
Rijeka Crnoj
evica, will play a significant role in trade Montenegrin state. By
market day, on Friday, it always brings together a large number of people from Crmnica,
Rijeka
Crnojevica,
Zeta,
Albania and boaters. Some authors who have written about
Vir
as
a shopping center, emphasize its importance and called him the Montenegrin
misir.
Virpazar
has in
1881/82,
according to the data,
16
retail stores,
9
manufacturing businesses,
3
peasant
shoe shops and
4
for the other different products, while in
1885
there were about
20
stores.
Virpazar has in
1927, 31
shops of which were
10
trades,
12
commercial and
9
pubs and
hotels. Finding and developing at the coast of Skadar lake, Virpazar used its geographical
position, but in the middle ages through Crmnica passed famous
Zeta
caravan route under
named "Via
de Zenta"
which was connected coast of
Zeta
with Danube region.
Crmnica as the most important and most famous wine region in Montenegro, was
established joint vineyard cooperative at May
15 1932.
Navigation on Skadar Lake is old
how much is old as the lake. In ancient time, had sailed by boats and ships and rooks on
rowing, but more recently with most modern navigation objects. During the period of rule
of Nikola I Petrovic started the began sail the lake modern yachts and steamers. First
Montenegrin steamer sailed the Skadar Lake in
1866.
Significant event for Virpazar and Montenegro, of course, is connecting with Bar by wagon
tracks in
23
June
1888.
and a direct relationship Virpazar with Crnojevica River and with
Cetinje building by school roads in
1905.
Extremely significant event was the construction
of the first railway narrow gauge of
75
cm, which linked Virpazar and Bar in
1908.
The development of the postal telegraph and telephone traffic in the Principality of Monte¬
negro strongly extended Virpazar. After the first open telegraph station in
1870.
and the
174
СКАДАРСКОЈЕЗЕРО
accession
of
Montenegro International
telegraph
Union in 1875,
it was opened telegraph station
in Virpazar in 1976.
As borderline place to Turkey and the administrative center, in
1864
Virpazar had a custom.
For Virpazar like the cultural center was significantly opening reading room in September
1886
that is disposed of book funds (books have been received as a gift), and then with
10
former newspapers. As the administrative center, Virpazar was a seat area, offices,
municipalities and local communities.
GODIN
JE
There are villages which make up a culture so simple and repeatable. They are often
hidden from everyday views and live their centuries-long story on a lonely hill, rolled
in silent abyss transience. These jewels of our ethos still defy by indestructible spirit
and by vision that transcends and enriched of proud Montenegrin rubble.
On the fourth kilometer road from Virpazar to the east, on the road to the
Precista
Krajinska,
on the banks of Skadar Lake, is the village Godinje. According to legend, dating back to
Saint
Jovan
Vladimir, more than a millennium, in which he, turning aside to the village with
his troops after the glorious victory over the Byzantine army, resting in the cultivated and
picturesque village, he said that he likes this place and wants to keep it and rests.
That this is so, and this place it in every way goes down well, confirmed the dynastic Balsici
that more than seven hundred years ago it built a summer house whose rests are still there,
unfortunately in ruins. In vain were all attempts to revitalize this complex and lead into its
original state, the glory and pride of future generations.
His unexplored civilized roots reches into the past, so this thread down to the Illyrian hill
forts and tumululusa in the surrounding hilltops and talks about his own testimony on
inpassable
beauty of nature that allowed him to draw hundreds of years sap near Skadar
Lake. Until more recent times there was a ingrained common opinion that this is in part
about the prehistoric influences, that some findings are connected with gvozdenodopski
period. Because the culture of Crmnica and Godinje equally European and Mediterranean,
as far as the culture of Provence or Catalonia, where centuries increased grapes and makes
a good wine.
It's hard to say when the village began to form. Tradition says that the church of Saint
Jovan
Bogoslov
from the seventh century (facing the altar to the north), and that between Seoca
and Godinja Jews lived and were buried here "gold objects" Saved by the Charter of King
Stephen Vladislav from
1242,
in which he gives Godinje village to monastery of Saint Nikola
in Vranjina, points to the already established rural settlement, which was confirmed by the
Charter of King
Milutin
from
1296.
Historical data that indicates that the Balsa III lived
there with his mother,
Jelena
1408.
showing indications that at this place there's Palace
where they gathered the local lords. This building, later remembered as
a "Dvor Balsica"
probably was used for the purposes dynasty of
Crnoj
evie,
as it village mentiones in the
Charter by Ivan
Crnoj
evie in
1482.
Extraordinary geographical location, climatic conditions, rich spring waters and good
defensive qualities have helped make this place a center of summer residence of the
regional lords and nobles. On the shore of the lake there is the tower "Dapcica", which is
now under water, so it can be assumed that there was less traffic, and provision of access to
the lake.
175
Драїан-Драю
П.
Лековић
LESENDRO
η
the former Lesendro island (now peninsula), beside which passes the modern high-
jway Podgorica-Virpazar-Bar and railway Belgrade-Bar, near the island Vranjina, is
fortification complex of Lesendro, erected in
1843,
which raised
Petar
II
Petro
vic
Nj
egos. The complex was very strong fortification, and was used to defend against Turkish
attacks. After the fall of the Turks Njegos felt very sad and unfortunate, because it was a
strong bulwark for the defense of the Turks, and in the nation to this day remained a Maxims
"burned to like Bishop for Lesendro" Just after the liberation wars of Montenegro in
1878
Lesendro, as well as all Montenegro, liberated. After the liberation from the Turks, Monte¬
negro was recognized at
13
July
1879
as the 21st European state.
Thanks to an area of
3,000
m2 with fortification units, towers, walls and other Lesendro was a
unique monument of military architecture of the nineteenth century originated in this areas.
ZABLJAK CRNOJEVICA
In a conical rocky hill, on the southern edge of Little Mud, due to swampy field, which is
surrounded by courses of the rivers Moraca, Karatuna, Segrtnice and Sjerave, is located
the most famous historical monument of the whole of this region
-
Zabijak
Crnoj evica.
As for the origin, historical sources are very modest. Probably is that it was founded by
Voj
islavlj
evie in
the tenth century. Certainly appear in the second half of the fifteenth century,
and as such, in its long history of
Zeta
was the capital, the seat of Sanjak, Turkish fort and
settlement. As a typical medieval town had a church dedicated to Saint George, cisterns for
water, strong walls and other housing and economic structures needed to accommodate the
population and crew. With Turkish conquest became a major military-strategic point in this
region. As such, its medieval collage, emphasis is given to orient to the previous architectural
and natural environment and rural character of contemporary unique and unrepeatable.
Zabijak
Montenegrins conquered by the Turks twice, the first time the
1835,
when it was
12
characters, led by Kenjo
Stankov Jankovic
won its climbing walls at night stairs high of
more than
100
meters, and the second time the 1852nd in capturing its crew.
OBOD
CRNOJEVICA
'earing the Turkish invasion and the rapid fall of
Zabijak,
Ivan
Crnoj
evie,
better
known as Ivan-beg, moved to the second half of the fifteenth century, the capital, and
then Metropolis from Vranjina to
Obod
-
the hill above the
Crnoj
evica River. So the
city becomes a place of rule dynasty
Crnojević.
In Obod-River city, Ivan beg was built a church of Saint Nikola and from Venice brought the
Cyrillic printing house, in which
149
the first book printed begins the Slavic south, "Oktoih".
In the
1893.
in the city of
Rijeka
is magnificent celebrate 400-anniversary of
Obod
printing,
on which there are attended by eminent cultural figures from across Europe, as reported in
detail in the list, the "Voice of Montenegrins".
CRNOJEVICA RIVER
»rnoj evica River is a lonely beauty at the beginning of the Skadar Lake, on the west
side, where time stopped and human obscurity, and save only undesecrated beauty
'ornature,
and to allow that on the glorious history of this city, the first urban set¬
tlements, and the strongest shopping center in Montenegro, talking ruins.
176
СКАДАРСКО ЈЕЗЕРО
In the Crnojevica River is the house of Saint Peter of Cetinje, which has been revitalized,
and the winter home of Montenegro's master, prince and king Nikola Petrovic. The place is
near Cetinje with little wind, but the climate is even milder than on the coast. The famous
bridge over the river built in
1853.
prince
Danilo
Petrovic, but the larger that connects Crno¬
jevica River and Virpazar, prince Nikola Petrovic in
1905.
During the nineteenth and early
twentieth century of Crnojevica River was best known market in this part of the Balkans. At
Italian tables was highly valued food from this region, especially dried fish (bleak) and carp
(carp). In Crnojevica River opened the first drug store, and it was full with
textil
stores. At
this small town was established the first arms factory in Montenegro.
On the Crnojevica River in
1938
started to work a factory to produce pearls of the scales of
a fish (bleak), which does not exist anywhere else except in this lake.
In Crnojevica River started working in
1941
the first hydroelectric power plant in Monte¬
negro. On Crnojevica River contained the hunting reserve which was founded by Prince
Nikola in
1885
and was equipped with a very rich variety of wildlife.
As a big attraction, the image of
Danilo
s
bridge on the River, located in all the brochures
on the meridian, like a Canyon Crnojevica River that can be found in all the brochures and
publications on the town. Near the river is the famous lake harbors
-
Lipovik which was built
during the time of King Nikola, and was used for docking court yachts and cruise ships from
the end of the second half of the nineteenth century, respectively since
1886,
for the regular
boat line Crnojevica River
-
Skadar.
As a less urban area in the entire region Crnojevica River is the most prominent in the Office
for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Montenegro.
After the liberation wars of
1876/79.
Crnojevica River progresses
-
twice that of the
Montenegrin state especially when developing trade and crafts.
On the Crnojevica River since
1889.
is developing the cultural and educational work when
setting up the first singing society.
LEGEND OF GENESIS
esides the narrative of extraordinary wealth and great attraction of Skadar Lake and
j
its shoreline, as well as pearls, for all told here is the legend of its origin.
The origin of the lake has many scientific assumptions that we leave science and
scientists, exept one legend, which reads:
"Lake has become of Villas shed tears which God would not wish to meet her blue eyes turn
into black. For punishment, he went blind. Villas are so desperate that she cried and her tears
created Lake. God is impressed with Lake and at the end of the lake, back to Villas vision.
She saw the blue water surrounded by vine and yellow ears of corn, joyfully exclaimed that
it was the most beautiful place which he saw in life to be happy forever lived there. God
fulfilled her wish and gifts her Skadar Lake with all the hills and places that surround it."
King Nikola I Petrovic, inspired by this legend, wrote rhymes about
Jezerska
villa:
"Of its eyes tears, this lake livestock,
And the color is the same, as her blue eyes,
A nature save them, like pearls in a box
Outside the beautiful
Zeta, do
not shed her tears".
177
Драіан-Драю П.
Лековић
CONCLUSION
verall,
the extraordinary wealth, excellent opportunities for the tourism development,
(industry, agriculture, economics, fishing, viticulture, apiculture, vegetable and a
great wealth of medicinal plants make this region from the area of Skadar Lake
region unrepeatable.
However, lake basin, today do not only remotely advantage of the opportunities he gave the
Creator, but fails even to follow the development of backward regions far away, so could
safely be classified into undeveloped areas. Instead of becoming what it once was, it is the
stage when you neglect threatens to devastate and its untapped potential. At this way this
lake loses, he loses his wide basin, and loses the state of Montenegro. It imposes a big
obligation to untapped treasure of great value, and Skadar Lake and present use.
Very favorable natural and climatic conditions were the main requirement for this region to
conceive life in the earliest periods. Promotion of natural, cultural, historical and tourist
resources, promotion of environmental awareness and the need to preserve the uniqueness
of what we have inherited from our forefathers, and to be in front of descendants, should be
our primary concern. Initiating actions that aim to promote and assess the value of Skadar
Lake, and return to these areas the role of cultural, artistic and spiritual center of Montene¬
gro would be essential and necessary.
By itself, the Lake event and should always be on it happening. You also need to raise the
awareness of residents of the area to the privileged and privileged to live in one of the most
beautiful parts of Montenegro, with the invocation and respect for traditional values of the
Montenegrin hospitality. You need to develop the idea that the lake can exist as a single entity
which is not allowed to share than to state that connects it to the touch.
178 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1054312656 (DE-588)1054313261 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041996005 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)885225268 (DE-599)BVBBV041996005 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Skutarisee (DE-588)4055277-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Skutarisee |
| id | DE-604.BV041996005 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-06T00:05:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789940948900 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027438146 |
| oclc_num | 885225268 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 191 S. überw. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | "Vizija" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore Dragan-Drago Leković. [Autor fotografija Zoran Fatić] Lake of Skadar Skadarskoe ozero Podgorica "Vizija" 2013 191 S. überw. Ill. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. und russ. Sprache. Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kulturraum (DE-588)4165988-0 gnd rswk-swf Montenegriner (DE-588)4469073-3 gnd rswk-swf Skutarisee (DE-588)4055277-9 gnd rswk-swf Skutarisee (DE-588)4055277-9 g Kulturraum (DE-588)4165988-0 s Montenegriner (DE-588)4469073-3 s Geschichte z DE-604 Leković, Dragan-Drago 1932- Sonstige (DE-588)1054312656 oth Fatić, Zoran 1960- Sonstige (DE-588)1054313261 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027438146&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027438146&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore Kulturraum (DE-588)4165988-0 gnd Montenegriner (DE-588)4469073-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4165988-0 (DE-588)4469073-3 (DE-588)4055277-9 |
| title | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore |
| title_alt | Lake of Skadar Skadarskoe ozero |
| title_auth | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore |
| title_exact_search | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore |
| title_full | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore Dragan-Drago Leković. [Autor fotografija Zoran Fatić] |
| title_fullStr | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore Dragan-Drago Leković. [Autor fotografija Zoran Fatić] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore Dragan-Drago Leković. [Autor fotografija Zoran Fatić] |
| title_short | Skadarsko jezero |
| title_sort | skadarsko jezero vjekovi istorije kulture i duhovnosti crne gore |
| title_sub | vjekovi istorije, kulture i duhovnosti Crne Gore |
| topic | Kulturraum (DE-588)4165988-0 gnd Montenegriner (DE-588)4469073-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kulturraum Montenegriner Skutarisee |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027438146&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027438146&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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