Understanding Latin American politics:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boston ; Munich [u.a.]
Pearson
2015
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 354 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780205648252 0205648258 |
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| adam_text | BRIEF
CONTENTS
PART I THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1
Theoretical Perspectives on Latin American Politics
1
2
State Formation and Economic Development
in the Nineteenth Century
13
3
Dictatorship, Democracy, and Revolution in the Modern Era
35
4
The Politics of Capitalism and Socialism Through
the Twentieth Century
55
PART II MEXICO. CENTRAL AMERICA. AND THE CARIBBEAN
5
Mexico
79
U
Central America
105
7
Cuba
139
PART III THE ANDEAN REGION
О
Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru
167
9
Colombia
197
10
Venezuela
225
PART IV BRAZIL AND THE SOUTHERN CONE
11
Brazil
253
12
Argentina
281
13
Chile
311
111
CONTENTS
Preface
xi
PART I THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1
Theoretical Perspectives on Latin American Politics
1
The Complexities of Latin American Politics
2
Making Comparisons in the Context of Complexity
3
International Level
4
National Level
4
Local Level
4
How the Levels Intersect
5
How Levels of Analysis Inform Theory
5
Modernization Theory
5
What Modernization Theory Can t Explain
6
Dependency Theory
6
What Dependency Theory Can t Explain
9
Defining Democracy and Development
9
Democracy
9
Development
10
Conclusion
11
Key Terms
11 ·
Discussion Questions
11 ·
Further Sources
12
• Endnotes 12
2
State Formation and Economic Development
in the Nineteenth Century
13
The Challenges of Independence
13
The International Level: Peninsular Wars and Latin American Declarations
of Independence
14
Race and Nation in Latin America
14
National Response to International Factors in Spanish America
15
The National Level: Nations and States
16
The Challenge of Nation Building
16
The Challenge of State Building
17
Local Challenges of State Building
18
The Role of the Military in State Building
19
The Problem of Weak States
20
iv
Contents
v
Constitutions
and the National Seeds of Democracy and
Authoritarianism
21
Constructing Accountable Political Institutions
22
The Liberal-Conservative Divide
23
International Influences and the Challenge of National Economic
Development
26
Becoming Dependent Internationally
28
Dependency and Lack of Development
28
Social Structure and Local Politics
30
Subaltern Groups: National and Local Levels
31
Conclusion
31
Key Terms
32 ·
Discussion Questions
32 ·
Further Sources
32
• Endnotes 33
о
Dictatorship, Democracy, and Revolution
in the Modern Era
35
National and International Influence in the First Half
of theTwentieth Century
37
Early Weakness of Democracy: National Challenges
37
National Threats to Democracy
38
International Influence: The United States and Democracy
39
The National Effects of Economic Policy
41
The Cold War
(1947-1991) 43
The Military and International Influence
43
National Factors in Democratic Breakdown
46
Contemporary Democracy in the Post-Cold War Era
(1991
to Present)
49
The National Impact of Populism
50
Newfound Strength of Democracy
50
Conclusion
51
Key Terms
52 ·
Discussion Questions
52 ·
Further Sources
52
• Endnotes 53
4
The Politics of Capitalism and Socialism Through the
Twentieth Century
55
International Influences: Capitalism and Socialism
56
The Foundations of Capitalism
56
The Foundations of Socialism and Communism
57
The Dynamics of Dependence
59
Economic Alternatives: International and National Influences
61
The Impact of Nationalization
62
Economic Reform Within Latin America
64
Why Do Democracies Break Down? Economic Factors at the National Level
66
vi
Contents
International Factors in the Late Twentieth Century
68
The Debt Crisis
68
Chile as an Alternative Model
69
Another Alternative: Mixed Economies
71
The Local Level: Formal and Informal Economies
72
Dollarization: The Ultimate International Influence
73
An International Constant: The Exchange Rate
74
Conclusion
76
Key
Tenns
76 ·
Discussion Questions
77 ·
Further Sources
77
• Endnotes 78
PART II MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN
5
Mexico
79
Historical Roots of
Politicai
and Economic Development
81
Postindependence Challenges
81
Roots of the Mexican Revolution
82
The Legacies of the Revolution
82
Contemporary Politics in Mexico
83
The Influence of Clientelism and Corporatism
84
Mexican Presidentialism
85
National Economic Restructuring
S
5
Drawbacks to the Economic Model
86
Theory and Politics of Mexican Development: Local, National, and
International Influences
87
Political Impact of Economic Reforms
87
The Importance of NAFTA
88
Changes in the Mexican Economic and Political Models
90
The Zapatistas: Local Response to National and International Influences
91
Political Resistance at Other Levels
93
The Process of Democratization in Mexico
94
Democratization with Decentralization
97
Migration: The Confluence of International, National, and Local
98
Drugs: The Local and National Effects of International Trade
99
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
102
Key Terms
103 ·
Discussion Questions
103 *
Further Sources
103
• Endnotes 104
Contents
vii
и
Central America
105
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
107
Costa Rica
108
El Salvador
110
Nicaragua
114
Guatemala
117
Honduras
121
Panama
125
Regional Issues
127
Migration and Economics
128
The Judiciary in Central America
128
Women and Politics in Central America
129
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
134
Key Terms
135 ·
Discussion Questions
136 ·
Further Sources
136
• Endnotes 137
7
Cuba
139
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
141
Dominance of the United States
141
Fulgencio
Batista s Dominance of Cuban Politics
142
The Rise of a National Revolutionary Movement
143
The Revolution: Remaking the Nation
146
International Factors: The Role of the Soviet Union
147
International Factors: The United States Embargo
148
Contemporary Cuban Politics
150
The Post-Cold War: Local and National Economic
Collapse
152
Political Support: The Role of Women and Afro-Cubans
154
Cuba s International Influence
155
Cuba s Economic Transformation
157
The Evolution of Political Control
158
Economic Policy Under
Raúl
Castro
160
International Influence: The United States After the
Cold War
161
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
163
Key Terms
164 ·
Discussion Questions
164 ·
Further Sources
164
• Endnotes 165
viii Contents
PARTIU
THE ANDEAN
REGION
8
Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru
167
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
169
Bolivia
170
Imperfect National, Political, and Economic Reform
171
Economic Source of Local Discontent
172
Conflict Between Different Levels Under
Evo
Morales
175
Ecuador
177
The Political Consequences of National Economic Collapse
178
The Era of Rafael
Correa
180
Economic Growth and International Factors
182
Peru
183
The Challenges of Democratic Transition
184
The Era of Alberto Fujimori
185
National Recovery From the Fujimori Era
189
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
190
Key Terms
194 ·
Discussion Questions
194 ·
Further Sources
194
• Endnotes 195
9
Colombia
197
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
199
Local and National Legacies of Violence
199
Violence With Economic Development
200
Contemporary Politics in Colombia
201
International Influence: The Drug Trade
202
Political Violence and Economic Development
205
National and International Implications of Political Violence
207
The International Politics of Economic Reform
208
Political Development: The Local Level
210
International Influences: The Drug Trade
210
National Meet Local: Indigenous, Racial, and Gender Issues
216
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
219
Key Terms
221 ♦
Discussion Questions
221 ·
Further Sources
221
• Endnotes 222
10
Venezuela
225
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
227
The Politics of International Influence: Venezuela and Oil
229
The National Politics oi Oil
229
Contents
їх
Contemporary Politics in Venezuela
230
Cracks in the National Political System
231
The Caracazo and the Political Aftermath
232
The Failure of Presidentialism
233
The Fifth Republic
234
Women and Indigenous Groups: The Struggle for Activism at the Local and
National Levels
242
Decentralization and the Dynamics of Local and National Political Power
243
Political Institutions and Horizontal Accountability
244
The Bolivarian Revolution: International Influences
245
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
248
Key Terms
250 ·
Discussion Questions
250 ·
Further Sources
250
• Endnotes 251
PART IV BRAZIL AND THE SOUTHERN CONE
11
Brazil
253
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
254
The End of Empire
256
The National and Local Implications of Political Institutions
256
Contemporary Politics in Brazil
257
National Factors in the Breakdown of Brazilian Democracy
257
Creating a New National Economic Policy
259
Brazil s Political Transition
260
The International Influence on Economic Transition
261
National Transformations of the Underrepresented
262
Presidentialism and National Fragmentation
267
Democracy in Brazil: The Local Level
269
National Insecurity and the Judiciary
272
Brazil at the International Level
275
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
276
Key Terms
278 ·
Critical Thinking Questions
278 ·
Further Sources
278
• Endnotes 279
12
Argentina
281
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
282
The Importance of Federalism
283
The Perils of National Political Competition
284
Contemporary Politics in Argentina
285
The Role of Peronism in Argentine Politics
286
Argentina s Dirty War
289
Contents
The Postauthorítarían
Era
292
The Dilemma of Balancing Political and Economic Demands
293
Market Reforms Under Carlos Menem
293
The Return of Economic Crisis
295
The Era of the
Kirchners 297
Accountability and the
Kirchners 302
Contemporary Argentina and International Influence
304
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
304
Key Terms
306 ·
Critical Thinking Questions
307 ·
Further Sources
307
• Endnotes 308
13
Chile
311
Historical Roots of Political and Economic Development
313
National Divisions in Chile
313
Military Rule in Chile
314
Contemporary Politics in Chile
316
Theory and Politics of Chilean Development and Democratic Breakdown:
Local, National, and International Influences
317
Years of Dictatorship:
1973-1990 320
Transformation of National Political Institutions
320
A New Economic Direction
321
Protest Against the Military Government: Local and National Factors
323
The Return of Democracy:
1990
and Beyond
325
Legacies of Dictatorship: Human Rights
327
The Politics of National Consensus
330
Conclusion and Comparative Perspective
332
Key Terms
334 ·
Critical Thinking Questions
334 ·
Further Sources
334
• Endnotes 335
Glossary
337
Bibliography
340
Index
349
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| title | Understanding Latin American politics |
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