Scale in spatial information and analysis:
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC Press
2014
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 353 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781439829370 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Scale in spatial information and analysis
Autor: Zhang, Jingxiong
Jahr: 2014
Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgment......................................................................................................xi
Authors...................................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction..........................................................................................1
1.1 Issue of Scale.............................................................................1
1.2 Models of Scale.........................................................................4
1.3 Scaling Up and Down................................................................9
1.4 Book Chapters.........................................................................12
Chapter 2 Geographic Representations...............................................................17
2.1 Geo-Atoms..............................................................................20
2.2 Geo-Fields...............................................................................21
2.3 Geo-Objects.............................................................................25
2.4 Hierarchical Data Structures..................................................28
2.4.1 Quadtrees...................................................................28
2.4.2 Hierarchical TINs.......................................................29
2.5 Discussion................................................................................31
2.5.1 Geo-Dipoles and Spatial Interactions........................31
2.5.2 Temporal Dimension..................................................32
2.5.3 Scale Dependence of Representations........................32
Chapter 3 Geospatial Measurements..................................................................35
3.1 Framework for Spatial Sampling.............................................36
3.1.1 Spatial Sampling Design............................................36
3.1.2 Data Supports.............................................................43
3.1.3 Spatial Resolution in Remotely Sensed Images.........44
3.1.3.1 Rayleigh Criterion.......................................45
3.1.3.2 MTF and Its Equivalent Bandwidth...........45
3.1.3.3 Effective Radiometric Resolution Element... 46
3.2 Optical Remote Sensing and Resolution.................................47
3.2.1 Spatial and Spectral Responses..................................47
3.2.2 Geometric Characteristics..........................................50
3.3 Microwave Remote Sensing and Resolution...........................55
3.3.1 Resolution...................................................................55
3.3.2 Radar Signals, Imaging, and Distortions...................58
3.3.3 Passive Microwave.....................................................62
3.4 Discussion................................................................................64
V
v¡ Contents
Chapter 4 Geostatistical Models of Scale...........................................................67
4.1 Geostatistical Fundamentals and Variograms.........................68
4.1.1 Random Fields............................................................68
4.1.2 Variograms and Covariance Functions......................70
4.1.3 Indicator Variograms and Transition
Probability-Based Models..........................................75
4.2 Variogram Regularization and Deregularization....................77
4.2.1 Regularization............................................................77
4.2.2 Deconvolution of Regularized Variograms................80
4.3 Statistics for Determining Measurement Scales.....................82
4.4 Discussion................................................................................87
Chapter 5 Lattice Data and Scale Models...........................................................91
5.1 Lattice Data.............................................................................93
5.2 Spatial Autocorrelation and Its Measures...............................95
5.3 Local Models...........................................................................99
5.4 Discussion..............................................................................103
Chapter 6 Geostatistical Methods for Scaling..................................................107
6.1 Kriging..................................................................................109
6.2 Indicator Approaches.............................................................116
6.3 Upscaling by Block Kriging..................................................118
6.4 Downscaling by Area-to-Point Kriging................................120
6.5 Geostatistical Inverse Modeling............................................124
6.6 Discussion..............................................................................126
Chapter 7 Methods for Scaling Gridded Data..................................................129
7.1 Upscaling...............................................................................131
7.1.1 Statistical Approaches..............................................131
7.1.2 Mechanistic Approaches..........................................134
7.2 Downscaling..........................................................................137
7.2.1 Deconvolution..........................................................137
7.2.2 Super-Resolution Mapping.......................................141
7.2.3 Subpixel Mapping....................................................144
7.3 Discussion..............................................................................145
Chapter 8 Multiscale Data Conflation...............................................................147
8.1 Multivariate Geostatistics......................................................149
8.2 Image Fusion.........................................................................154
8.2.1 Conventional Approaches.........................................154
8.2.2 Multiresolution Representations Based on Wavelets... 155
8.2.3 Wavelet-Based Image Fusion...................................161
Contents vii
8.3 Other Multiscale Methods.....................................................163
8.4 Discussion..............................................................................166
Chapter 9 Scale in Terrain Analysis.................................................................169
9.1 Digital Elevation Data and Their Scales...............................171
9.2 Terrain Derivatives................................................................176
9.2.1 Slope and Aspect......................................................176
9.2.2 Curvature..................................................................180
9.2.3 Secondary Properties...............................................186
9.3 Models of Scale in Topography.............................................187
9.4 Methods for Scaling Terrain Variables.................................193
9.4.1 Upscaling..................................................................193
9.4.2 Downscaling.............................................................196
9.5 Discussion..............................................................................198
Chapter 10 Scale in Area-Class Mapping...........................................................201
10.1 Area-Class Mapping.............................................................204
10.1.1 Discriminant-Space Model......................................204
10.1.2 Methods for Mapping Area Classes.........................209
10.2 Spatial Scales and Patterns in Area Classes..........................213
10.3 Scaling Area-Class Information............................................219
10.3.1 Upscaling..................................................................219
10.3.2 Downscaling.............................................................220
10.4 Discussion..............................................................................223
Chapter 11 Information Content.........................................................................227
11.1 Information Theory...............................................................230
11.2 Information Content in Remotely Sensed Images.................238
11.2.1 Informational Characteristics of Images..................238
11.2.2 Information Conveyed in Images with
Additive Noise..........................................................242
11.2.3 Information in Images with Multiplicative Noise.... 247
11.3 Image Resolution and Information Content..........................250
11.3.1 Effects of Resolution on Information Content.........250
11.3.2 Information Capacity and Super Resolution............253
11.4 Information Content in Map Data.........................................255
11.5 Discussion..............................................................................261
Chapter 12 Uncertainty Characterization...........................................................265
12.1 Accuracy Metrics and Assessment........................................268
12.1.1 Accuracy in Interval/Ratio Fields............................268
12.1.2 Accuracy in Area Classes........................................271
viii
Contents
12.1.3 Positional Accuracy..................................................273
12.1.4 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing.........274
12.2 Geostatistical Approaches to Validation...............................278
12.3 Analytical Approaches to Error Propagation........................282
12.4 Geostatistical Simulation.......................................................287
12.4.1 Simulation over a Point Support...............................287
12.4.2 Point-Support Simulation Conditional to
Areal Data................................................................291
12.4.3 Simulation over Blocks.............................................293
12.5 Discussion..............................................................................296
Epilogue................................................................................................................299
References.............................................................................................................309
Index......................................................................................................................347
|
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| spelling | Zhang, Jingxiong Verfasser aut Scale in spatial information and analysis Jingxiong Zhang, Peter M. Atkinson, and Michael F. Goodchild Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2014 XIV, 353 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geographic information systems Spatial analysis (Statistics) Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 gnd rswk-swf Räumliche Statistik (DE-588)4386767-4 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s Räumliche Statistik (DE-588)4386767-4 s Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 s DE-604 Atkinson, Peter M. 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)141746025 aut Goodchild, Michael F. 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)171280342 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027424591&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Zhang, Jingxiong Atkinson, Peter M. 1965- Goodchild, Michael F. 1944- Scale in spatial information and analysis Geographic information systems Spatial analysis (Statistics) Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 gnd Räumliche Statistik (DE-588)4386767-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4261642-6 (DE-588)4020279-3 (DE-588)4386767-4 |
| title | Scale in spatial information and analysis |
| title_auth | Scale in spatial information and analysis |
| title_exact_search | Scale in spatial information and analysis |
| title_full | Scale in spatial information and analysis Jingxiong Zhang, Peter M. Atkinson, and Michael F. Goodchild |
| title_fullStr | Scale in spatial information and analysis Jingxiong Zhang, Peter M. Atkinson, and Michael F. Goodchild |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scale in spatial information and analysis Jingxiong Zhang, Peter M. Atkinson, and Michael F. Goodchild |
| title_short | Scale in spatial information and analysis |
| title_sort | scale in spatial information and analysis |
| topic | Geographic information systems Spatial analysis (Statistics) Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 gnd Räumliche Statistik (DE-588)4386767-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geographic information systems Spatial analysis (Statistics) Geoinformationssystem Geostatistik Räumliche Statistik |
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