Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách: (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950)
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| Format: | Book |
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| Language: | Czech |
| Published: |
Brno
Masarykova Univ., Filozofická Fak., Ústav Archeologie a Muzikologie
2014
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| Edition: | 1. vyd. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 347 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788021066809 |
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SUMMARY
1. Introduction
The Neolithic settlement in Hluboké Mašůvky (Znojmo district), situated at
the “Padělky” and “Nivky” locations, is one of the most important sites of its kind in
Moravia (Figs, 1; 2). The objective of this work is to assess the material of the Moravi-
an Painted Pottery Culture (MPP) in the settlement, yielded by post-war research in
1947-1950.
2. The site
The village of Hluboké Mašůvky lies 9 km north of Znojmo, in the direc-
tion of Jevišovice (Addmek-Pechovd eds. 1995, 3). The Neolithic site is located on the
south-western edge of the village (Figs. 3-5; Podhorský 2001, 8). Prehistoric settlement
spread on the south-eastern slope of the Plenkovický kopec hill (Fig. 6) in the altitude
of 322-340 m (Čižmdř-Čizmdř-Lisd 2004, 219). The location is situated on loess cov-
ered with a layer of humus, 20-30 cm thick (NZ SAÚP no. 3031/48).
3. Prehistoric settlement of the location
The prehistoric site at “Padělky” and “Nivky” is a polycultural location. Al-
though the settlement is chiefly associated with the Neolithic (Linear Pottery Cul-
ture, MPP), the location was repeatedly settled in the Eneolithic (Baden Culture, Je-
višovice Culture, Bell Beaker Culture), in the Bronze Age (Middle Danubian Tumulus
Culture) and in the Hallstatt Period (Horákov Culture). The crucial phase in the
development of the settlement was the Late Neolithic settlement of people of the
early (phase lb) and later (phases Ila, lib) stages of the MPP (Čizmdř 2008a, 113-114).
4. Research history
In 1932-1939 the settlement area was investigated by F. Vildomec (Podhorský
2005, 45). After the Second World War, the Neolithic site attracted the attention of
Prague researchers; investigations conducted by the State Archaeological Institute
(1947-1948) were followed by research of the Prehistory Department of the Nation-
al Museum (1949-1950; Neústupný 1951b). In recent years (2003-2008), prehistoric
settlement at the location was investigated by the Institute for Archaeological Monu-
ment Care in Brno (Fig. 6; Čizmdř 2008a; Cizmdř-Čiímdř-Lisd 2004).
Among the Neolithic features researched so far, the fortification system is the
most valuable (Čizmdř 2008a, 112). In terms of history of archaeology, the impor-
tance of the Hluboké Mašůvky settlement also lies in the fact that it was the first
Summary
209
fortified Neolithic settlement to be discovered and investigated in Central Europe
(Podhorský 1993, 72). The latest research has dated the fortification to phase lb of the
MPP (Čižmáŕ-Čižmdŕ-Lisd 2004, 226, 228).
5. Terrain situation analysis
A. Knor (Tab. 1:1) uncovered four features of the MPP at the location in Au-
gust 1947, as well as the front of a ditch with gate I (Tab. 7՝, NZ SAÚP no. 915/48).
M. Šolle (Tab. 1:2) unearthed parts of the ditch from gate I towards the east in Sep-
tember 1947 (Tab. 11; NZ SAÚP no. 3031/48). J. Kabát (Tab. 1:3) traced the course
of the ditch from gate I towards the west in 1948 (Fig. 7; NZ SAÚP no. 6018/48). The
largest post-war area excavation into the site was carried out by J. Neústupný (Tab.
1:4) in 1949-1950 (Tabs. 13; 14; 15; NZ SAÚP no. 277/50; NZ SAÚP no. 5688/52;
Neústupný 1951b).
6. Material analysis
Ceramic material of the MPP has been described and assessed in a PC da-
tabase (Microsoft Access programme) on the basis of the numeric code of the MPP
(Podhorský et al 1977). A study by V. Podhorský (1985) was used for the evaluation of
figurative sculptures.
The walls of vessels were between 1.5 mm and 17 mm thick. The pottery is typi-
fied by inorganic temper in the form of quartz grains. The fabric of the majority of
items can be characterized as fine- to medium-grained; thin-walled items were chiefly
made of washed clay. Additions included red dye (iron oxide-hydroxides) that made
a natural part of the raw material (Hlozek-Gregerovd 2007, 85), and bits of mica.
Within pottery classes, fragments of pots (e.g. Tab. 64:la-b), bowls (e.g. Tab.
41:4) and beakers (e.g. Tab. 93:20) prevailed. The pitcher represents the most common
shape among other pot types (e.g. Tab. 63:1). A characteristic pottery class comprises
pedestailed bowls (e.g. Tabs. 52:17; 112:3).
Other serviceable forms included a thin-walled cup with a wide mouth (Tab.
71:2a-b), an atypical thick-walled vessel of a double-conical shape (Tab. 64:2; Fig. 132)
and, in particular, fragments of lids (85:4a-c) and ladles (Fig 133), represented both
by fragments with sockets (e.g. Tab. 53:8) and specimens with handles (e.g. 85:5a-c).
A small group of specific shapes (Fig 132) is represented by two fragments of
bowls with corner rims, in one case finished with a stylized animal head (Tab. 28:9a~c)
and in another by a “spiny” boss (Tab. 94:12a-c). Another find in this category is
a bowl-shaped “altar” (Tab. 29:3a-c) and a fragment of a plastic application, probably
part of an anthropomorphic vessel of the Svodin type (Tab. 95:10a). The series com-
prised one animal head (Tab. 69:2).
Human figures are represented by 14 fragments (Fig 135). Many of them prob-
ably belonged to the Hluboké Mašuvky type, yet this can be only proved with six,
210
Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách
three of which (head, arm and leg with buttock) belong to the same figure. Evidence
includes fragments of trunks the arms of which originally stretched in front of the
body (e.g. Tabs. 94:14a-d; 113:1, 2). Three pieces from one figure possibly represent
the Jaroměřice subtype (Tab. 102:la-c, 2). In terms of typology, the earliest specimen
is a tiny fragment of a trunk with a partially preserved horizontal stump of left arm,
from a female figure of the Střelíce type (Tab. 93:21a~c).
Small ceramic shapes include a cylindrical bead (Tab. 85:1); clay marbles (e.g.
Tab. 66:5); weights (Tabs. 28:15, 16; 54:10); half of clay concentric circles (Tab. 54:2);
spindle whorl (Tab. 85:7); wheels from potsherds (e.g. Tab. 27:2!, 3); miniature vessels
(e.g. Tab. 91:27) and loaf-shaped objects (Tab. 92:28; Fig. 136).
Painted decoration distinctly prevails on thin-walled fragments (Fig. 137).
Most frequently, it is the remains of red-yellow and red-white colour combinations,
traces of red and yellow, sporadically also brown (Tab. 73:3) and white (Tab. 43:15).
Painting was mostly related to bowls (e.g. Tab. 69:11) and beakers (e.g. Tab. 47:9; 54:1).
As regards types of paint, there is simple paint decoration (red or red-yellow),
paint decoration with scratched lines (Tab. 67:15a~b), surface coating (red or yellow),
paint impressions (Tab. 47:11a) and simple paint decoration (yellow or white) on a mon-
ochrome (red) coating (Figs. 138; 139). The following elements have been identified on
pottery of the early stage of the MPP: a square (Tab. 96:4a), triangle (Tab. 67:12b), zigzag
line (Tab. 47:1a), curve (Tab. 67:13), stripe (e.g. Tab. 99:22), wedge (Tabs. 65:27; 114:1, 2),
circle (Tab. 67:6c) and a classic wavy line (e.g. Tabs. 65:27; 114:1, 2; Fig. 140).
These elements are arranged into the following motifs: vertical (e.g. Tab. 67:6a),
horizontal (e.g. Tab. 48:la-b), oblique bands and their combinations (e.g. Tab. 47:12),
“manuscript lines” without notes (Tabs. 67:12a; 112:2) and geometrical chevron sin-
gle elemental without axis (e.g. Tabs. 67:19b; 71:2a), rarely also a spiral (Tab. 66:1a),
star-shaped motif (Tab. 69:11a), convex star-shaped motif (Tab. 99:26a), radiating
star-shaped motif (Tab. 67:6c), right-angled net (Tab. 33:5), multiple wavy lines (Tabs.
47:11a; 65: 27; 114:1, 2) and zigzag lines (Tab. 47:1a).
Among finds of the later stage of the MPP, geometrical chevron single elemen-
tal without axis (Tabs. 27:1b; 113:3) and V-motif (Tab. 27: la) appear on one bowl.
These painted motifs make up clusters of stripes. The outer belly of a beaker is deco-
rated with a painted motif of zigzag lines (Tab. 26:9).
Incised decoration covers the body of a reconstructed beaker (Tabs. 67:7a;
112:1); it has also been identified on the outer walls of five thin-walled bellies (e.g. Tab.
69:6) and on an unidentifiable fragment of a thick-walled bottom (Tab. 83:3). Incised
motif includes distinct continuous meanders with hooks (Tabs. 67:7a; 112:1); curves
and the combination of curve and stripes have been identified as well (Tab. 69:3).
Engraved decoration belongs with rare types of vessel ornamentation. It
consists of rows of elliptical indentations (e.g. Tab. 73:2), short vertical indentations
(e.g. Tab. 44:10) and small (e.g. Tab. 98:5) or large (e.g. Tab. 41:2b) circular stamps.
The most widespread types of decoration include plastic decoration represented by
bosses or pointed handles.
Summary
211
The early stage of the MPP is typified by vertically extended bosses (e.g. Tab.
67:14) and hemispherical ones (e.g. Tab. 65:24a), while the later stage involved a variety
of bosses. These comprised spherical bosses (e.g. Tab. 35:7), protruding (e.g. Tab. 88:2),
cone-shaped (e.g. Tab. 79:5), button-shaped (e.g. Tab. 77:30) and sticking out bosses (e.g.
Tab. 82:31), the “owl's head” type (e.g. Tab. 80:4), bun-shaped bosses (e.g. Tab. 92:13), flat
(e.g. Tab. 80:3) and angularly curved bosses with a hole (e.g. Tab. 78:11).
The inner walls of some fragments (seven in total); chiefly from pitchers (four
items) and bowls (two fragments of the same vessel) show remains of pitch coating.
Another specific feature is the remains of a burnt substance (four items), perhaps
remnants of burnt food. Two inner walls of beaker bottoms indicate that the vessels
contained red dye (Tabs. 59:1a; 66:2a).
Efforts to mend damaged vessels are evidenced by conic holes drilled into an
curved neck of a pot (Tab. 27:4) and a conic neck of a beaker (Tab. 82: 21). A mending
hole is also drilled into the inner side of a neck with a partially preserved handle
(Tab. 28:7). Unique evidence of vessel mending involves the remnants of a pitch-like
substance on a thick-walled bottom (Tab. 114:4).
Ten specimens of the Moravian painted ware have been submitted for mi-
cropetrographic analysis. The results show that ordinary ceramic products were
made of clay and earth used in brickmaking. Temper frequently employed in local
pottery included quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, and rarely also musco-
vite. Among rocks, clasts included cataclazed rocks and biotite gneiss, sporadically
quartzite. The presence of fragments of minerals and rocks in temper comes close to
that of the Tesetice-Kyjovice pottery. Firing temperature approximated 900 °C.
Two sherds (HM 1 - Tab. 115:1; HM 2 - Tab. 115:2) were of whitish kaolin found
around Unanov. The whitish fragments were carefully fired, the first one between 800-
900 °C and the other over 900 °C. The series also comprises fragments of mica pottery
(HM 5 - Tab. 116:1, 2; HM 9 - Tab. 117:3, 4) made of eluvium of effloresced mica gneiss
(most probably from the Moravian part of the Moldanubian Zone). The vessels were
fired at some of the highest temperatures identified, around 1000°C. If one rules out the
import of raw material, the vessels appear to have been imports from western Moravia.
The collection of polished stone industry contains 27 items. They are chiefly
represented by regional raw materials from outcrops located at the distance of 20֊
50 km (greenschist ofZelesice type, amphibolites), two specimens were made of fine-
grained amphibole diorite and metabasite of Pojizeri type, while individual items
were made of diorite porphyrite and serpentinite (Fig. 141). In terms of typology, the
polished stone industry comprised a wedge, a hammer (Tab. 108:5a-֊d), axes (e.g. Tab.
108:3; 109:1), hammer-axes (e.g. Tab. 108:la~c), drilling cores (Tab. 108:2, 4) and uni-
dentifiable fragments (Fig. 142).
The group of other stone industry involves 30 items (Figs. 143; 144). These mainly
comprise remnants of grinding slabs (e.g. Tab. 110:4), mostly of fine-grained gneiss. One
specimen is a fragment of a board-shaped whetstone with three polished planes (Tab.
110:1). Fine-grained grey-brown sandstone of which it is made is a quality raw material
212
Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách
imported, in all probability, from the Bohemian chalk basin. Red dye and graphite are
of local origin; one of the graphite items has double-sided polishing (Tab. 110:3).
The chipped stone industry collection amounts to 1,083 items (Fig. 145), 96
of which come from phase lb of the MPP (Fig. 150). The series includes five cores
(Tabs. 106:10; 107:9), with supports prevailing. There are also flakes and blades, as
well as three tools: two blades with distinct bilateral sickle sheen (Tab. 106:4, 6) and
a massive flake endscraper (Tab. 107:10).
Highly interesting finds were yielded by feature 15 (Fig. 147). They cover the
entire production process and include, for example, decortication and preparation
flakes, supports (flakes and blades), five cores, three hammerstones and one tiny re-
toucher (Tab. 107:1). Apart from the mentioned components, the series featured six
tools: two blade endscrapers (Tab. 105:5), one notched blade and one notched flake,
a sidescraper combined with a splittered blade (Tab. 105:8) and a burin (Tab. 105:11).
The largest proportion of the analyzed series make up artefacts (950 items)
dated to phase Ila of the MPP (Fig. 153). The largest group (688 items) comes from
the filling of feature 3-6/47 that might have been a “studio”. Flakes and blades pre-
vail, cores are recorded in 7% of cases.
The number of tools in the phase Ila series exceeded the number of tools in
phase lb; nonetheless, their total proportion is only about 5.7% (Fig. 154). The most
typical tools are different kinds of endscrapers, followed by sidescrapers (Tab. 106:15),
retouched blades (Tabs. 105:2, 4; 106:1, 2, 12), a saw (Tab. 105:14), massive borers (Tab.
106:3), burins and one segment of a sickle blade (Tab. 106:8). Traces of sickle sheen
on the artefacts are exceptional (three items; Tab. 105:6).
Both phases of the MPP (lb and Ila) placed emphasis on the exploitation
of outcrops of plasma (Figs. 149; 152; 156), as well as chert of Krumlovský les type.
The Hluboké Mašůvky settlement belongs in the exploitation area of south-western
Moravia. Contacts in the north are confirmed by sporadic imports of erratic flints
and chert of Olomučany type.
Endscrapers are tools prevailing in the majority of locations (Brno-Zebetin,
Bosonohy, Nové Bránice, Jaromeřice nad Rokytnou; Oliva 1990, 23). In terms of raw
material, plasma is dominant both in Hluboké Mašůvky and Jaromeřice nad Rokyt-
nou, while chert of Krumlovský les type is the primary raw material in the remaining
settlements (Oliva 1990, 2001). The Hluboké Mašůvky and Jaromeřice nad Rokytnou
locations are the closest, with supports exceeding 80%, a small number of cores and
a very low percentage of tools. The overall character of their chipped stone industry
indicates that they were processing settlements.
The assessed finds include 114 fragments of animal bones, 94 of which have
been identified (Figs. 157; 158). Apart from the dominant group of domestic animals
[bovid. (Bos primigenius f. taurus), sheep (Ovis ammon f. aries),sheep-goat (Ovis-Capra)
and domestic pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica)], the series features rare finds of bones of
wild animals [beaver (Castor fiber), auroch (Bos primigenius) and deer (Cervus elaphus)].
Beyond kitchen rubbish, there were several finds of bone and antler industry:
Summary
213
a bone awl (Tab. 111:1) and chisel (Tab. 111:4), a smoothened tine (Tab. 111:3) and
a smoothened flake of deer-horn (Tab. 111:2).
The finds of daub are dominated by amorphous fragments of brown and red-
dish shades with only a small proportion of organic inclusions. One feature worthy
of note is multiple pit IX containing 128 pieces of daub (total weight 6 963 g), the
largest concentration of which was found by the north-west wall of the feature (Tab.
25:2; NZ SAÚP no. 5688/52). Many of the pieces are levelled on one side, while the
reverse bears imprints of round timber.
7. Relative chronology
Pottery played a principal part in the dating of individual features. The analy-
sis of the ceramic material showed, from the very beginning, two groups of finds of
the early and later stages of the MPP. According to F. Vildomec (List of Finds) and
mentions in literature (e.g. Podhorský 1993y 116-117; Čižmár 2008a, 114) they belonged
with phases lb or Ila, possibly lib.
Pottery classes of the early stage of the MPP comprise multiple finds of bowls
with symmetrical shoulders (e.g. Tab. 69:10a-b) and bowls the shoulders of which are
slightly open (e.g. Tab. 70:4a-b). Supplementary features of phase lb include holes
through the bowl walls, above pointed handles (Tab. 42:7a; Kazdovd 1983-1984, Taf.
5:16-18). Typical products of the early stage of the MPP are ladles with sockets (e.g.
Tab. 101:1; Koštuŕík 1979, 35).
Transition to the later stage of the MPP is signalled by the occurrence of large
beakers (e.g. Tab. 54:9), the popularity of which culminated in phase Ila (Čižmdŕovd-
Rakovský 1988, 503). Products of phase lb include cup-shaped beakers (e.g. Tab. 45:2;
Čižmár et al. 2008, 78). Several beakers with lower belly have been identified (e.g.
Tab. 98:14); these were typically found in Jaroméŕice nad Rokytnou (Koštunk 1979,
33). Thin-walled cups with wide mouth (Tab. 71:2a-b) have also been excavated on
Moravian sites of phase lb (Kazdovd 1983-1984, 138-139).
The main occurrence of female figures with crosswise perforation in the pelvis
section (e.g. Tab. 102:la-c) is associated with phase lb (Kazdovd 1983, 115). Simple
double-conic heads (Tab. 55:12) stretched to phase lb (Koštuŕík 1979, 37). Phase lb is
typified by head modelling pictured in Tab. 102:2 (Podhorský 1985, 73). One fragment
in the series represents a torso of a small figure of the Strelice type (Tab. 93:21a-c).
Sculptures of this kind predominantly dating from phase la were truly exceptional
in the following period (Podhorský 1985, 65-66).
The early stage of the MPP also saw the production of gynecomorphic vessels
of the Svodin type (Podhorský 1993, 116). A fragment that might be interpreted as
a limb bent in the right angle ending with a five-pointed “paw” might belong with
these specific ceramic shapes (Tab. 95:10a). The closest analogy is a human arm with
a palm and fingers from Jaroméŕice nad Rokytnou (Podhorský 1985, 112, Tab. 118:3).
214
Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách
Painted decoration has the primary chronological importance in the MPP.
Finds from the early stage are dominated by yellow-red colour combination with
a distinct proportion of yellow painting typical of phase lb (Čizmdř et al. 2008, 78).
Type of painting chiefly involved simple painted decoration (red-yellow) mostly rep-
resented by finds from phase lb from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (Koštuřík 197958).
Simple painted decoration (yellow) on a monochrome (red) coating also occurs; it
reached mass popularity in the settlement of phase Ic in Brno-Bystrc (Čizmdřovd-
Rakovský 1988, 498). Painted decoration with scratched lines typical of phase lb (Tab.
67:15a—b) is rare (.Procházkova 1995, 10). Painted impressions (Tab. 47:11a) disappear
in phase lb (Kostuřtk 1979, 58).
Stripes make the most typical and numerous elements of painted decoration
in phase lb (e.g. Tab. 48:4a֊b). The most frequent painted motifs are differently ar-
ranged stripes - vertical, horizontal, oblique and their combinations (e.g. Tab. 47:12;
Koštuřík 1979, 58). The painted motif of “manuscript lines” without notes is limited
to phase lb (Tab. 67:12a; 112:2; Kazdova 1984, 258, Figs. 61; 64).
Incised decoration in the form of simple thin lines is important for the speci-
fication of relative chronology. Of the incised motifs, only continuous meanders
with hooks (Tabs. 67:7a; 112:1) are distinguishable. The technique and the motif were
innovations introduced in phase lb (Kazdova 1984, 258).
Plastic decoration was dominated by vertically extended bosses on rims (e.g.
Tab. 68:1) or bellies (e.g. Tab. 43:1); they date the find series reliably to the early stage
of the MPP (Sebela-Kuča 2004, 278). Hemispherical bosses were also frequent (e.g.
Tab. 42:1a); their popularity in phase lb signals a change in the make-up of pottery
classes and the onset of radical changes in the general forms of vessels that culminat-
ed in phase Ha. Typical bosses of phase lb were vertically extended ones with a hori-
zontal hole (e.g. Tab. 99:14). Prototypes of bosses known as “owPs heads” appear as
well (Tab. 96:10; Koštuřík 1979, 53-54).
In comparison with typical settlement material of phase lb from Jaroměřice
nad Rokytnou (Koštuřík 1979), the Hluboké Mašuvky series shows certain differences.
Painted decoration with scratched lines is rare (one specimen), as is incised deco-
ration (seven examples) and vertically extended bosses with horizontal holes (five
specimens). On the other hand, engraved decoration features more often, and the
series also includes large beakers. As a result, the finds from the early stage of the
MPP from Hluboké Mašůvky can be dated to the final stage of phase lb (sub-phase
Ib3). The existence of transition phase Ic has not been proved (e.g. absence of joint
occurrence of yellow-red and white-red painted decoration).
The pottery of the later stage of the MPP is, in terms of form and decoration,
largely independent of the earlier production. V. Podhorský defined, in regard to the
younger horizon of the Hluboké Mašůvky settlement, sub-phase IIa2 (Podhorský 1993,
120).
In terms of ceramic additions, an increased occurrence of mica in the form
of tiny scales is worthy of note. Its high proportion is typical, for example, of fabric
Summary
215
from site of the later stage of the MPP (phase lib) from Jezeŕany-Maršovice (Kosturik
et al. 1984, 379). Two ceramic fragments (Tabs. 27:13; 73:6) can be classified, in terms
of production technology, as false “terra nigra'' that started to manifest itself among
ceramic materials in phase lib (Podhorský 1993, 120, 122).
The increasing proportion of sharply accentuated rims related to the generally
sharper forms of vessels is another distinct feature (e.g. Tab. 79:6). This type of rims
characterizes the later stage of the MPP (Kosturik 1983, 158), with the most wide-
spread occurrence in phase lib (Smíd 1991, 201). The sharp form was a new phenom-
enon introduced in the Lengyel II stage (sub-phase Ila^. Tall large beakers with open
necks (Tab. 40:4) prevail in phase Ila (Podhorský 1993, 118).
The shape repertoire of ceramic vessels in the later stage of the MPP is domi-
nated by bowls with distinctly open shoulders (e.g. Tab. 61:1a; Čižmár et al. 2008, 79).
The occurrence of shoulders of bowls the wall of which is thicker in a section (e.g.
Tab. 79:3) is a chronological marker of phase lib, although the onset of this phenom-
enon can be already seen in the younger sub-phases of phase Ila. There were also
angular bowls with conic lower half (e.g. Tab. 79:4), that became widespread in phase
lib (Kosturik et al. 1984, 405-406).
A deep bowl (Tab. 61:2) is a typical specimen of phase Ila (Kovdrnik 2005, 115).
A bowl on a low broad pedestal (Tab. 27:10; 112:4) is reminiscent of a pedestalled bowl
(marked vessel no. 3) from a pottery hoard in Brno-Liskovec, dated to the heyday of
phase Ila (Berkovec-Vitula 2000, 131, Fig. 7:3). Ladles with handles (e.g. Tab. 85:5a~c)
and triangular sockets (Tab. 86:7a-c) only began to feature in the later stage of the
MPP (Kosturik 1983, 158).
Painted decoration in white impasto paint on a red surface coating is relatively
rare (Tab. 26:9). Fragments of thin-walled pottery with white simple paint decoration
on a red surface coating, yielded by recent research in Hluboké Mašuvky, are dated to
the Lengyel II stage, sub-phase 11^ (Čižmár-Čižmáŕ-Lisá 2004, 229). With the advent
of the Lengyel III stage (sub-phases IIa2 4, lib), the combination of red and white
paint vanishes, being replaced by red surface coating (e.g. Tab. 80:la֊b).
In the Lengyel II stage (sub-phase IlaJ the importance of plastic decoration
increased; in the spirit of the previous tradition it was generally placed on the rims,
interfaces between the necks and shoulders and on the bellies. In the Lengyel III
stage (sub-phases IIa2 4, lib) it started to be applied below the rims (e.g. Tab. 77:29),
below the bellies (e.g. Tab. 27:1a) and below the interfaces of the necks and shoulders
(Tab. 36:12; Čižmár etal. 2008, 79). The later stage of the MPP was connected with the
increase of the zigzag arrangement of bosses (e.g. Tab. 61:2; Smíd 1991, 202). Plastic
shapes (bosses, pointed handles, sockets, ladle and lid handles) are frequently angu-
lar (e.g. Tab. 74:32).
Plastic decoration on vessels of the later stage of the MPP is represented by
a wide range of bosses; the most characteristic types among them are bun-shaped
(e.g. Tab. 74:25) and flat ones (e.g. Tab. 78:6), often found on bowls where they feature
lower halves of vessels. They are typical of phase lib (Kosturik etal. 1984, 404), yet their
216
Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách
presence in the close of phase Ha cannot be ruled out (Kosturik 1977-1978, 88-89). In
some cases they are encircled with shallow groove (e.g. Tab. 36:13), the earliest occur-
rence of which comes from the Lengyel III stage (sub-phases IIa2_4, lib; Cizmdr et al.
2004, 209-210).
“Owľs head” bosses make up a special group (e.g. Tab. 78:2). Together with
hemispherical (e.g. Tab. 27:7) and spherical (e.g. Tab. 87:38) bosses they represent the
most typical type of plastic decoration of the Lengyel II stage (sub-phase Ila^ where
they appear in both large and small versions in different pottery classes {Cizmdr et al.
2008, 79; Kovdrnik 2005, 115; Kosturik 1979, 54). Exceptional types include a boss with
hollows {Tab. 81:14) and a “spiny” boss {Tab. 94:12a-c). Plastic decoration is supple-
mented by pointed handles (e.g. Tab. 84:1) and scarce finds of other types of handles
(e.g. Tab. 34:4), the increased occurrence of which characterizes the later stage of the
MPP {Koštuŕík 1983, 158).
In the light of this information, the finds from the later stage of the MPP from
Hluboké Mašuvky can be dated to the final stage of phase Ila (decrease of red-white
painting, sporadic occurrence of “owľs head” bosses) possibly continuing in phase
lib (rare specimens of pottery of the false “terra nigra” type, increase of bun shaped
and flat bosses some of which are encircled with shallow groove). Within the Lengyel
Culture, they belong with the Lengyel III stage, sub-phases IIa2 4, lib {Cizmdr et al.
2004, 209-210).
The majority of finds of phase lb of the MPP comes from features situated
within the fortified area and from the middle and bottom layers of the ditch. Finds
of the later stage of the MPP come from features situated close to or outside the
fortification and from the upper layers of the ditch {Figs. 159, 160, 161). Analysis of
the ceramic material has shown that the earlier settlement (late phase lb) and the
later settlement (late phase Ila, early phase lib) in Hluboké Mašuvky are separated by
a chronological hiatus {Podhorský 1993, 117-118).
8. Conclusion
This work presents the outcomes of the long-awaited assessment of rich ar-
chaeological evidence of the Lengyel Culture from post-war research in Hluboké
Mašuvky confirming two stages of the MPP settlement at the location, in phase lb
(fortification) and later in phases Ila/IIb. Relative chronology is based on ceramic
artefacts the classification and assessment of which, including multiple illustrations,
have been among the chief objectives of the study. An overview of research activities
on the site in 1947-1950 accompanied by a number of previously unpublished peri-
od plans and photographs is another important contribution of this work.
Summary
217
Obsah
1. ÚVOD.7
2. PŘÍRODNÍ PROSTŘEDÍ.9
2.1. Geomorfologie.9
2.2. Geologické podloží a pedologické poměry.10
2.3. Klimatické poměry.12
2.4. Poloha naleziště. 13
3. PŘEHLED PRAVĚKÉHO OSÍDLENÍ LOKALITY.16
4. HISTORIE VÝZKUMŮ NA LOKALITĚ.17
4.1. Výzkumy Františka Vildomce (1932-1939).18
4.2. Výzkum Antonína Knora (srpen 1947). 19
4.3. Výzkum Miloše Šolleho (září 1947). 19
4.4. Výzkum Josefa Kabáta (1948). 20
4.5. Výzkumy Jiřího Neústupného (1949-1950).21
4.6. Novodobé výzkumy (1984-2008). 24 5
5. ROZBOR TERÉNNÍ SITUACE.26
5.1. Vstupní podklady.26
5.2. Charakteristika sídlištních objektů.28
5.2.1. Výzkum Antonína Knora (srpen 1947). 29
5.2.2. Výzkum Miloše Šolleho (září 1947).31
5.2.3. Výzkum Josefa Kabáta (1948). 34
5.2.4. První výzkum Jiřího Neústupného (1949). 34
5.2.5. Druhý výzkum Jiřího Neústupného (1950). 36
5.3. Sumarizace poznatků.45
6. MATERIÁLOVÁ ANALÝZA.52
6.1. Vstupní podklady.52
6.2. Obrazová dokumentace.52
6.3. Metodologie zpracování keramiky.53
6.3.1. Prezentace analýz keramiky.54
6.3.1.1. Poznámky k numerickému kódu moravské malované
keramiky.54
6.3.2. Výzkum Antonína Knora (srpen 1947). 58
6.3.3. Výzkum Miloše Šolleho (září 1947). 68
6.3.4. Výzkum Josefa Kabáta (1948). 82
6.3.5. První výzkum Jiřího Neústupného (1949). 83
6.3.6. Druhý výzkum Jiřího Neústupného (1950). 94
6.4. Sumarizace poznatků.139
6.5. Mikropetrografícké rozbory moravské malované keramiky
(M. Hložek ֊ M. Gregerová). 151
6.5.1. Charakteristiky výbrusů keramických vzorků
(M. Hložek - M. Gregerová).153
6.6. Kamenná industrie.155
6.6.1. Kamenná broušená industrie. 155
6.6.1.1. Katalog kamenné broušené industrie (M. Vokáč).159
6.6.2. Kamenná ostatní industrie.161
6.6.2.1. Katalog kamenné ostatní industrie (J. Smerda - M. Vokáč) . . 163
6.6.3. Neopracované kameny.164
6.6.3.1. Katalog neopracovaných kamenů (ƒ. Smerda).165
6.6.4. Kamenná štípaná industrie (Z. Nerudová).166
6.7. Zvířecí kosti.182
6.7.1. Kostěná a parohová industrie.183
6.7.2. Vyhodnocení zvířecích kostí (G. Dreslerová).184
6.8. Mazanice.188
7. RELATIVNÍ CHRONOLOGIE.189
7.1. Vstupní úvahy.189
7.2. Starší stupeň kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou.190
73. Mladší stupeň kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou.194
7.4. Sumarizace poznatků. 197
8. ZÁVĚR.202
Zkratky a vysvětlivky.207
Autoři.208
SUMMARY.209
Prameny .218
Literatura.219
Tabule 1-118.230 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1053693168 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041974885 |
| classification_rvk | NF 1645 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)880339104 (DE-599)BVBBV041974885 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. vyd. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Südmähren (DE-588)4078038-7 gnd Hluboké Mašůvky (DE-588)4468354-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Südmähren Hluboké Mašůvky |
| id | DE-604.BV041974885 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-03T00:34:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788021066809 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027417470 |
| oclc_num | 880339104 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-12 |
| physical | 347 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Masarykova Univ., Filozofická Fak., Ústav Archeologie a Muzikologie |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) David Válek ... 1. vyd. Brno Masarykova Univ., Filozofická Fak., Ústav Archeologie a Muzikologie 2014 347 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Lengyelkultur (DE-588)4273133-1 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd rswk-swf Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd rswk-swf Südmähren (DE-588)4078038-7 gnd rswk-swf Hluboké Mašůvky (DE-588)4468354-6 gnd rswk-swf Hluboké Mašůvky (DE-588)4468354-6 g Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 s Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Südmähren (DE-588)4078038-7 g Lengyelkultur (DE-588)4273133-1 s Válek, David 20./21. Jh. Sonstige (DE-588)1053693168 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027417470&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027417470&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) Lengyelkultur (DE-588)4273133-1 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4273133-1 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4075272-0 (DE-588)4054858-2 (DE-588)4078038-7 (DE-588)4468354-6 |
| title | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) |
| title_auth | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) |
| title_exact_search | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) |
| title_full | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) David Válek ... |
| title_fullStr | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) David Válek ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) David Válek ... |
| title_short | Sídliště kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v Hlubokých Mašůvkách |
| title_sort | sidliste kultury s moravskou malovanou keramikou v hlubokych masuvkach vyzkumy z let 1947 1950 |
| title_sub | (výzkumy z let 1947 - 1950) |
| topic | Lengyelkultur (DE-588)4273133-1 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lengyelkultur Funde Ausgrabung Neolithikum Siedlung Südmähren Hluboké Mašůvky |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027417470&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027417470&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT valekdavid sidlistekulturysmoravskoumalovanoukeramikouvhlubokychmasuvkachvyzkumyzlet19471950 |