Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts: lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Baden-Baden
Nomos [u.a.]
2014
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Series: | Schriften zum internationalen und europäischen Strafrecht
13 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 298 S. |
| ISBN: | 9783727277443 9783848712472 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 13
ABSTRACT 17
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY 19
A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 19
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 21
C. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 22
D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 23
E. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 23
F. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 24
G. DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS USED WITHIN THE CHAPTERS 25
CHAPTER TWO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE INTERNECINE CONFLICT IN
RWANDA 28
A. INTRODUCTION 28
B. PRE-COLONIAL ACCOUNTS OF RWANDAN HISTORY 29
I. ORIGIN OF THE TWA, HUTU AND TUTSI 29
II. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TUTSI AND HUTU 32
C. THE COLONIAL PERIOD 36
I. THE GERMAN COLONIAL RULE 36
II. THE BELGIAN COLONIAL RULE 39
III. THE FALL OF THE TUTSI MONARCHY 42
D. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD 46
I. THE FIRST REPUBLIC 46
II. THE SECOND REPUBLIC 48
E. FORMATION OF THE RWANDESE PATRIOTIC FRONT (RPF) 50
F. THE GENOCIDE PERIOD 53
7
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1050998278
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER THREE: THE LEGACY OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL
FOR RWANDA 61
A. INTRODUCTION 61
B. GENERALITIES ABOUT THE TRIBUNAL 63
I. GENESIS OF THE ICTR 63
II. LEGAL BASIS OF THE ICTR 64
III. ORGANIZATION OF THE TRIBUNAL 67
IV. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RWANDA AND THE TRIBUNAL 68
C. STATUS OF THE ICTR CASES 74
D. ANALYSIS OF IMPORTANT JURISPRUDENCE BEFORE THE ICTR 76
I. PROSECUTOR VERSUS AKAYESU 77
II. PROSECUTOR VERSUS KAYISHEMA 79
III. PROSECUTOR VERSUS KAMBANDA 81
IV. PROSECUTOR VERSUS NAHIMANA, BARAYAGWIZA AND NGEZE 83
V. PROSECUTOR VERSUS NTAGERURA, BAGAMBIKI, AND IMANISHIMWE 87
VI. PROSECUTOR VERSUS COLONEL BAGOSORA 89
VII. PROSECUTOR VERSUS NYIRAMASUHUKO 91
E. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE TRIBUNAL 93
I. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 94
II. ACCOUNTABILITY FOR LEADERS 96
III. CREATION OF A HISTORICAL RECORD 98
F. MAJOR SHORTCOMINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR
RWANDA 99
I. DELAYED JUSTICE 100
II. LOCATION OF THE ICTR 102
III. LIMITED IMPACT ON RWANDA 104
CHAPTER FOUR: PROSECUTION OF GENOCIDE IN NATIONAL COURTS 107
A. INTRODUCTION 107
B. GENERALITIES ON RWANDA NATIONAL COURTS 108
I. GENESIS OF GENOCIDE PROSECUTIONS 108
II. ORGANISATION OF ORDINARY COURTS 109
III. REPARATIONS 111
C. STATUS OF CASE LAW WITHIN THE ORDINARY COURT SYSTEM 112
8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
D. ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL COURT CASE LAW 114
I. PROSECUTOR VERSUS CAPTAIN TWAGIRAMUNGU 118
II. PROSECUTION VERSUS PRIVATE GATAZA 120
III. PROSECUTOR VERSUS CORPORAL GATORANO 123
IV. PROSECUTOR VERSUS MAJOR NYIRAHAZIMANA AND PASTEUR
NGIRINSHUTI 124
V. PROSECUTOR VERSUS HARELIMANA ET AL. 127
VI. PROSECUTOR VERSUS NZIRABATINYI 128
VII. PROSECUTOR VERSUS NZISABIRA 130
VIII. PROSECUTOR VERSUS PANDASI, BUGERI AND NZAJYIBWAMI 132
IX. PROSECUTOR VERSUS RURANGIRWA, BIMENYIMANA, AND
NTAWANGAHEZA 133
X. PROSECUTOR VERSUS SIBOMANA 135
E. ACHIEVEMENTS OF NATIONAL COURT TRIALS 138
F. MAJOR SHORTCOMINGS OF DOMESTIC PROSECUTIONS 142
I. CONGESTED PRISONS AND INSUFFICIENT INFRASTRUCTURE 142
II. VIOLATION OF FAIR TRIAL RIGHTS 145
1. THE RIGHT TO SPEEDY TRIAL 145
2. THE PRINCIPLE OF PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE 146
3. THE RIGHT TO COUNSEL OF ONE'S CHOICE 147
G. EXCURSUS: PROSECUTION OF GENOCIDE SUSPECTS BY THIRD STATES 150
I. EXTRADITION MATTERS 150
II. THIRD STATE PROSECUTIONS: CASE OF RWABUKOMBE IN GERMANY 154
CHAPTER FIVE: THE TRADITIONAL GACACA COURT SYSTEM 160
A. INTRODUCTION 160
B. GENERALITIES ON GRASSROOT COURTS 161
I. THE EVOLUTION OF GACACA COURTS 162
II. TRADITIONAL ROOTS OF GACACA 164
III. LEGAL BASIS OF GACACA COURTS 167
IV. A STANDARD GACACA TRIAL 173
C. STATUS OF GACACA CASE LAW 175
D. ANALYSIS OF THE GACACA CASE LAW 176
1. DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF THE ABOVE 16 CASE LAW 180
9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
E. THE NATURE OF GACACA COURTS: ARE THEY RETRIBUTIVE OR RESTORATIVE? 191
I. AIMS OF GACACA COURTS 195
II. SENTENCES 196
III. STAKEHOLDERS 197
IV. EVALUATION 198
F. ACHIEVEMENTS OF GACACA COURTS 199
I. SPEEDY JUSTICE 199
II. RECONCILIATORY MECHANISM 201
III. AFFORDABLE JUSTICE 204
IV. ENHANCEMENT OF LOCAL TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE APPROACHES 204
G. SHORTCOMINGS OF GACACA COURTS 205
I. LACK OF LEGAL REPRESENTATION 206
II. ABSENCE OF REPARATIONS 207
III. INADEQUATE PROTECTION OF WITNESSES 209
IV. CORRUPTION WITHIN THE SYSTEM 210
V. INSTABILITY OF GACACA LAWS 211
VI. NON-PROSECUTION OF ALL CRIMES 212
VII. INTERIM REMARKS 214
CHAPTER SIX: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
ICTR, NATIONAL COURTS AND GACACA COURTS 216
A. INTRODUCTION 216
B. JURISDICTIONAL RELATIONSHIP 217
C. DISPARITIES AMONG THE DIFFERENT APPROACHES 220
I. RIGHT TO LEGAL COUNSEL 222
II. RIGHT TO SILENCE 223
III. RIGHT TO BE TRIED WITHOUT UNDUE DELAY 224
IV. JURISDICTION DISPARITIES 226
V. DISCREPANCY IN SENTENCES 228
VI. UNEQUAL DETENTION FACILITIES 230
D. THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT TRIALS TO RECONCILIATION 232
I. MEANING OF RECONCILIATION 233
II. THE ICTR, NATIONAL COURTS AND GACACA CONTRIBUTION TO
RECONCILIATION 236
1. OFFICIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE CRIMES 236
2. INDIVIDUALIZATION OF GUILT 240
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. TRUTH 244
A) PERSONAL AND NARRATIVE TRUTH 245
B) FACTUAL AND FORENSIC TRUTH 247
III. INTERIM CONCLUSION 249
CHAPTER SEVEN: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 252
A. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 252
B. OVERALL CONCLUDING REMARKS AND OPTIMAL APPROACH 257
BIBLIOGRAPHY 263
11 |
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| spelling | Wibabara, Charity 1983- Verfasser (DE-588)1056942312 aut Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide Charity Wibabara 1. ed. Baden-Baden Nomos [u.a.] 2014 298 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriften zum internationalen und europäischen Strafrecht 13 Zugl.: Kapstadt, Univ. of the Western Cape, Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2013 Ruanda Gacaca court (DE-588)1063916062 gnd rswk-swf Internationaler Strafgerichtshof für Ruanda (DE-588)5282544-9 gnd rswk-swf Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 gnd rswk-swf Ruanda (DE-588)4076910-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Internationaler Strafgerichtshof für Ruanda (DE-588)5282544-9 b Ruanda (DE-588)4076910-0 g Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 s Ruanda Gacaca court (DE-588)1063916062 b DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-8452-5360-2 Schriften zum internationalen und europäischen Strafrecht 13 (DE-604)BV040525776 13 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027398173&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wibabara, Charity 1983- Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide Schriften zum internationalen und europäischen Strafrecht Ruanda Gacaca court (DE-588)1063916062 gnd Internationaler Strafgerichtshof für Ruanda (DE-588)5282544-9 gnd Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1063916062 (DE-588)5282544-9 (DE-588)4063690-2 (DE-588)4076910-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide |
| title_auth | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide |
| title_exact_search | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide |
| title_full | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide Charity Wibabara |
| title_fullStr | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide Charity Wibabara |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide Charity Wibabara |
| title_short | Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts |
| title_sort | gacaca courts versus the international criminal tribunal for rwanda and national courts lessons to learn from the rwandan justice approaches to genocide |
| title_sub | lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide |
| topic | Ruanda Gacaca court (DE-588)1063916062 gnd Internationaler Strafgerichtshof für Ruanda (DE-588)5282544-9 gnd Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ruanda Gacaca court Internationaler Strafgerichtshof für Ruanda Völkermord Ruanda Hochschulschrift |
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