Plasmas: the first state of matter
"Develops a discussion about plasma, the first state of matter from which evolved the other three states"...Provided by publisher
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2014
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Summary: | "Develops a discussion about plasma, the first state of matter from which evolved the other three states"...Provided by publisher |
| Physical Description: | XX, 250 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781107037571 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804152202138222592 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Illustrations
xi
Preface
xix
1.
The Plasma Universe
1.1
Plasma, a Matter of State
1
1.2
Plasma, the First State of Matter
2
1.3
Plasma in Superclusters of Galaxies
5
1.4
IntergaLictic Plasma
6
1.5
Galactic Plasma
9
1.6
Interstellar Plasma
10
1.7
Plasmas in Stars
11
1.8
Sun, a Plasma Laboratory
11
1.9
Solar Wind
15
1.10
Cometa
ry
Plasma
17
1.11
Planetary Plasma
19
1.12
Terrestrial Plasma
20
1.13
Earth s Magnetosphere
21
1.14
The Ionosphere
24
1.15
Plasmas in Laboratory
. 25
1.16
The Clean Energy
28
1.17
Thermonuclear Fusion
28
1.18
Magnetic Confinement Fusion
29
1.19
Inerţial
Confinement Fusion
30
1.20
Space Travel-Plasma Rockets
31
vi
Contents
1.21
Plasma
Accelerators
1.22
Plasma Materials
and Methods
1.23
Fully Ionized
Plasma
1.24
Partially Ionized Plasma
1.25
Ultracold Plasmas
1.26
Dusty Plasma
1.27
Quantum Plasma
1.28
Techniques for Studying Plasmas
32
34
35
36
36
37
38
39
1.29
Summary
40
Problems
40
2.
Plasma Basics
2.1
Making Plasmas
41
2.2
Plasma Formation by Photoionization
41
2.3
Collisional Ionization
42
2.4
Thermal Ionization
43
2.5
Pressure Ionization
45
2.6
Electric Discharge through Gases
45
2.7
Critical Velocity Ionization
46
2.8
Measuring Plasmas
46
2.9
Plasma Specifics
48
2.10
Debye Screening
49
2.11
Plasma-Typical Time Scales
53
2.12
The Plasma Parameter
54
2.13
When is it a Plasma?
54
2.14
Summary
55
Problems
55
3.
Plasma Confinement
3.1
Introduction
56
3.2
The Grip of Gravity
56
3.3
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
59
3.4
Hydrodynamic Equilibrium
60
3.5
Magnetic Bottles
62
Contents
vii
3.6 Motion
of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
62
3.7
Plasma in a Magnetic Field
65
3.8
Magnetostatic Equilibrium, the
Z
Pinch
66
3.9
Magnetostatic Equilibrium, the
Θ
Pinch
71
3.10
Magnetostatic Force Free Equilibrium, the
Reversed Field Pinch
71
3.11
Magnetic Mirrors
75
3.12
Confinement of Plasmas under Radiation Pressure
82
3.13
Inerţial
Confinement
84
3.14
Summary
86
Problems
87
4.
The Waving Plasmas
4.1
Introduction
88
4.2
Single Fluid Description of a Plasma
89
4.3
Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics
95
4.4
Linear Waves in Ideal Magnetofluid
98
4.5
Transverse
MHD
Waves: The Linear
Alfvén
Wave
99
4.6
Polarization of the
Alfvén
Waves
102
4.7
Energy Partition in the
Alfvén
Waves
103
4.8
Nonlinear
Alfvén
Waves
104
4.9
Dissipation of the
Alŕvén
Waves
105
4.10
The Longitudinal Magnetohydrodynamic Waves
106
4.Π
Polarization of the Fast Wave
108
4.12
Energy Partition in the Fast Wave
109
4.13
Dissipation of the Fast Wave
109
4.14
Oblique Propagation of Magnetoacoustic Waves
110
4.15
Polarization of the Oblique Fast and Slow Waves
113
4.16
Energy Partition in the Fast and the Slow Waves
114
4.17
Dissipation of the Oblique Fast and the Slow Waves
114
4.18
Inclusion of the Displacement Current
115
4.19
Detection and Observation of the
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves
117
4.20
Waves in a Two-Fluid Description of a Plasma
117
viii Contents
4.21
The Hall Wave
119
4.22
The Electron Plasma Waves
123
4.23
Polarization of the Electron Plasma Wave
126
4.24
Energy Partition in the Electron Plasma Wave
127
4.25
Dissipation of the Electron Plasma Wave
127
4.26
Inclusion of Thermal Pressure
129
4.27
Detection of the Electron Plasma Waves
131
4.28
Ion Acoustic Waves
132
4.29
The Plasma Approximation
136
4.30
Polarization of the Ion Acoustic Waves
137
4.31
Energy Partition in the Ion Acoustic Waves
137
4.32
Dissipation of the Ion Acoustic Wave
137
4.33
Detection of the Ion Acoustic Wave
138
4.34
Electrostatic Waves in Magnetized Fluids
138
4.35
The Upper Hybrid Wave
139
4.36
The Lower Hybrid Wave
142
4.37
Electrostatic Magneto-Ion Acoustic Waves
in Magnetized Plasma
144
4.38
Electromagnetic Waves in an Unmagnetized Plasma
145
4.39
Electromagnetic Waves in Magnetized Plasmas
147
4.40
Ordinary Wave, it JL B0/
É
Bo
148
4.41
Extraordinary Wave,
к
_L
Βο,
E
«1б0
149
4.42
Polarization of the Extraordinary Wave
151
4.43
Electromagnetic Waves Propagating along Bq
151
4.44
Circularly Polarized Radiation
152
4.45
The Whistler Wave
153
4.46
The Faraday Rotation
154
4.47
Cutoff Frequencies of the Electromagnetic Waves
157
4.48
Resonances of the Electromagnetic Waves
158
4.49
Propagation Bands of the Electromagnetic Waves
159
4.50
Summary
163
Problems
163
Contents ix
5.
The Radiating Plasmas
5.1
Radiation and Plasmas
165
5.2
A Quick Revisit of Waves
165
5.3
Electromagnetic Radiation
167
5.4
Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves
170
5.5
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma
175
5.6
Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma
181
5.7
Electron-Ion Collision Frequency
183
5.8
Generation of the Electromagnetic Radiation
185
5.9
Radiation from an Oscillating Electric
Dipole 186
5.10
Radiation from an Accelerated Single Charged Particle
193
5.11
Relativistic Generalization of the Larmor Formula
199
5.12
Radiation Spectrum
203
5.13
In a Plasma
206
5.14
Radiation from Collisions between Charged Particles
207
5.15 Bremsstrahlung,
Radiation Generated by
Coulomb Collisions
209
5.16 Bremsstrahlung in
a Plasma
209
5.17 Bremsstrahlung in
a Thermal Plasma
211
5.18
Scattering of Radiation by Plasma Particles
213
5.19
Thomson Scattering
213
5.20
Scattering in a Plasma
217
5.21
Summary
220
Problems
221
6.
Supplementary Matter
6.1
Derivation of Eq.
(3.11) 223
6.2
Collisional Processes
225
6.3
Derivation of Eq.
(5.109) 228
6.4
Physical Constants
234
6.5
Electromagnetic Spectrum
235
6.6
Astrophysical Quantities
236
6.6.1
Planets
236
6.6.2
The Sun
236
χ
Contents
6.6.3
The Milky Way
237
6.6.4
The Hubble Constant
237
6.6.5
Electron Density and Temperature of some of the
Astrophysical Plasmas
237
6.7
Vector identities
238
6.8
Differential Operations
240
6.8.1
Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z)
240
6.8.2
Cylindrical coordinates (r,
Θ,
z)
241
6.8.3
Spherical coordinates (r,
θ, φ)
243
Select Bibliography
245
Index
247
This book discusses the basics of plasma
physics in a lucid manner. Plasma is the
first state of matter from which three
other states have evolved. However, the
universality of plasmas has not made it
any easier to understand their nature
and the plasma phenomena. The book
explores a variety of plasmas, explains
how they can be made and kept, helps
understand the waves they support and
elaborates on the relation between
plasmas and the coherent and incoherent
radiation they produce.
Vinod Krishan was Senior Professor
at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics,
Bangalore. She held visiting positions
at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
INPE, Brazil, University of Tokyo, Nagoya
University and the Raman Research
Institute. Her major research interests
have been in the areas of space and
astrophysical plasmas.
Plasmas
The First State
of
Matter
Most astronomers believe that the universe began about 1
5
billion years ago
when an explosion led to its expansion and cooling. The present state of the
universe, when extrapolated back in time, compels us to believe that the
universe was extremely hot and dense in its infancy. In the beginning there
was intense radiation. The photons produced equal amounts of matter and
antimatter and a plasma soup of particles and antiparticles was all there.
Thus, plasma is the first state of matter from which all other states
originated.
This book discusses the phenomenal diversity of cosmic and terrestrial
plasmas found in the early universe, galactic and ¡ntergalactic media, stellar
atmospheres and their interiors, interstellar spaces, solar system and in the
earth s ionosphere, and their observability with the most recent telescopes
such as the Chandra X-ray telescope and gamma ray telescopes. It deals with
different ways of creating plasmas such as thermal, pressure and radiative
¡onization for laboratory as well as cosmic plasmas.
The topics covered in the book include:
■
Laboratory plasmas and their applications in life and industry
■
Different methods of forming plasmas
■
Confinement of hot and energetic plasmas
■
Existence and detection of waves in plasmas to specify their density,
temperature and magnetization
Symbiotic relation between plasmas and radiation
.
inod Krishan was Senior Professor at the Indian institute of Astrophysics,
Bangalore.
Cover image: Plasma ball with >mooth
magenta-blue
tlamo
isolated on a black
background.
Sonne
v 4w.shutterstock.cotn
Cambridge
UNIVERSITY PRESS
www.cambridge.org
ISBN
978-11-07037-57-1
781107
037571
|
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| id | DE-604.BV041854015 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:06:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107037571 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 013019974 |
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| physical | XX, 250 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Krishan, Vinod Verfasser (DE-588)1066707375 aut Plasmas the first state of matter Vinod Krishan 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2014 XX, 250 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Develops a discussion about plasma, the first state of matter from which evolved the other three states"...Provided by publisher Plasma (Ionized gases) Plasmaphysik (DE-588)4046259-6 gnd rswk-swf Plasmaphysik (DE-588)4046259-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027298406&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027298406&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Krishan, Vinod Plasmas the first state of matter Plasma (Ionized gases) Plasmaphysik (DE-588)4046259-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046259-6 |
| title | Plasmas the first state of matter |
| title_auth | Plasmas the first state of matter |
| title_exact_search | Plasmas the first state of matter |
| title_full | Plasmas the first state of matter Vinod Krishan |
| title_fullStr | Plasmas the first state of matter Vinod Krishan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasmas the first state of matter Vinod Krishan |
| title_short | Plasmas |
| title_sort | plasmas the first state of matter |
| title_sub | the first state of matter |
| topic | Plasma (Ionized gases) Plasmaphysik (DE-588)4046259-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plasma (Ionized gases) Plasmaphysik |
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