Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zielona Góra
Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The religious policy of the Polish state towards religious minorities in the years 1945 - 1989 Bibliogr. s. 369-443 |
| Beschreibung: | 450 s. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788378421245 |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The religious policy of the Polish state towards religious minorities in the years 1945 - 1989 | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. 369-443 | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1945-1989 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
.......................................................................5
ROZDZIALI
Twórcy i decydenci polityki wyznaniowej
..................................31
1.1.
Tworzenie administracj i wyznaniowej
w strukturze Ministerstwa Administracji Publicznej
.........................31
1.2.
Urząd do Spraw Wyznań
.................................................38
1.3.
Urząd do Spraw Wyznań a struktury partyjne i aparat bezpieczeństwa
..........53
ROZDZIAŁ
II
Uwarunkowania polityki wyznaniowej wobec mniejszości religijnych
.......75
2.1.
Przesłanki ideologiczne polityki wyznaniowej
...............................75
2.2.
Kompromis pragmatyczny. Odstępstwa od ideologii
.........................85
2.3.
Polityka wyznaniowa a polityka narodowościowa
...........................101
ROZDZIAŁ III
Obsadzanie kierowniczych stanowisk kościelnych
........................113
3.1.
Priorytety polityki wyznaniowej wobec mniejszości religijnych
...............113
3.2.
Kierownictwo Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego
..........116
3.3.
Kierownictwo Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego
........................125
ROZDZIAŁ
IV
Polityka likwidacyjna
....................................................133
4.1.
Uzasadnienia polityki likwidacyjnej
......................................133
4.2.
Świadkowie Jehowy
....................................................134
4.3.
Grekokatolicy
.........................................................149
4.4.
Protestanci ewangelikami
...............................................159
4.5.
Metodyści
............................................................162
4.6.
Adwentyści
...........................................................172
ROZDZIAŁ
V
Polityka reglamentacyjna
................................................185
5.1.
Uzasadnienia polityki reglamentacyjnej
...................................185
5.2.
Luteranie
.............................................................191
5.3.
Prawosławni
..........................................................219
5.4.
Baptyści
..............................................................228
4
Spis treści
5.5.
Reformowani
..........................................................231
5.6.
Żydzi
.................................................................233
5.7.
Karaimi
..............................................................247
5.8.
Od likwidacji do reglamentacji
(protestanci ewangelikalni, metodyści, adwentyści)
.........................252
ROZDZIAŁ
VI
Obrzeża głównego nurtu polityki wyznaniowej
...........................261
6.1.
Uzasadnienia polityki „drugiego planu
...................................261
6.2.
Muzułmanie
..........................................................262
6.3.
Starokatolicy i staroobrzędowcy
..........................................264
6.4.
Wspólnoty pietystyczne (neoirwingianie, darbyści)
......................... 268
6.5.
Ireniści
...............................................................270
6.6.
Zielonoświątkowcy poza Zjednoczonym Kościołem Ewangelicznym
..........272
6.7.
Mormoni
.............................................................274
6.8.
Buddyści, hinduiści i synkretyści
.........................................277
6.9.
Wspólnoty poza ewidencją
..............................................280
ROZDZIAŁ
VII
Determinanty doktrynalne i teologiczne polityki wyznaniowej
...........283
7.1.
Kościół Polskokatolicki i Kościoły mariawickie
-
cechy doktrynalne jako wyznacznik umiejscowienia w polityce wyznaniowej.
. .283
7.2.
Koncepcja „redukcjonizmu religijnego
-
cechy teologiczne jako wyznacznik eksperymentu polityki wyznaniowej
.......304
ROZDZIAŁ
VIII
Mniejszości religijne w propagandzie propaństwowej
i działaniach antyrzymskokatolickich
....................................317
8.1.
Propaganda propaństwowa
..............................................317
8.2.
Propaganda antyrzymskokatolicka
.......................................327
Zakończenie
...............................................................351
Bibliografia
................................................................369
Wykaz skrótów
.............................................................445
Abstract
...................................................................447
ABSTRACT
The Religious Policy of the Polish State
Towards Religious Minorities in the Years
1945-1989
This monograph is dedicated to the issue of the religious policy of the Polish state
towards religious minorities in the years
1945-1989.
In the opinion of the author, it
followed the intentionally-adopted atheist and decommissioning model (as in the case
of the policy towards the Roman Catholic Church). The unchangeable and strategic
aim of the party and state authorities in the whole period (except late
1980s)
was the
disappearance of all the representations and forms of religion. The processes of desa-
cralisation of the public life (atheisation and secularisation) were officially launched in
1948,
after the short-lived pragmatic compromise, as accomplished within the formula
of peoples democracy . The intensity of the hostile attitudes towards religions became
significantly less severe with the political breakthrough of
1956.
Since then only two
religious backgrounds
-
namely those of Jehovah s Witnesses and the Greek Orthodox
Church
-
had been subject to openly repressive and decommissioning activities. The
remaining groups, from among the minority religious associations, were to operate
within the newly-established limits and areas of activity. It was the erosion of the
political system of the People s Republic of Poland at the end of
1980s
which brought
about the state of affiliation (positive cooperation) in the relationships between the state
authorities and the majority of the non-Roman Catholic denominations.
The main means of achieving the aims of the religious policy, with the cooperation
of the religious minorities, was through the casting of leadership positions within
their denominational structures. The regulatory character of the religious policy resul¬
ted primarily from the intention of the decision makers to use the minority religious
groups to combat or neutralize the influences of the Roman Catholic Church. It was
intended primarily for all the Churches included in the Polish Ecumenical Council
(Pol.:
Polska
Rada Ekumeniczna).
Utilising the structures of the Polish Catholic Church
and, to a lesser extent, the
Mariavite
Churches, steps were undertaken to establish the
organizational catholic alternative . Another justification of the regulatory policy was
to include the associations of the religious minorities in the fulfilment of propaganda
tasks
-
mainly on the international forum
-
whose representatives testified to the respect
of religious pluralism and freedom of confession on the part of the ruling. The attempts
to find ways to secularize the instrumentally treated minorities were not abandoned,
however, and were fostered by, among others, supporting the new developments in
protestant
theology. The common attitude among the religious associations subject to
448
Abstract
concession and regulation was that of submission and opportunistic compromise. All
the associations (including those operating on the edges of the mainstream religious
policy) were subject to surveillance and control.
The formation process of the aims of the religious policy and the decision-making
within its scope, were among the competences of the three power centres. Those were:
specialized agencies of the ruling party, specialist and formally administrative office and
specialized units within the structure of the security apparatus. The systematic position
of the said entities in relation to each other and to the subjects of their policy, was regu¬
lated by the formal competences of the authority officials. The religious policy towards
the religious minorities was the chief domain of the workers of the Office for Religious
Affairs (Pol.
Urząd
do
Spraw Wyznań
-
UdSW). The level of their competences within
the area significantly outdid that of the workers of the security apparatus. UdSW, as the
only one of the decision making bodies of the religious policy, perceived the religious
matters in a comprehensive way, adopting the complementary approach and taking
the historical, legal, doctrinal and theological aspects into account. In that centre, the
most mature (multi-faceted) concepts and plans of the religious policy in relation to
the religious minorities were developed. All the heads of UdSW were characterised by
their high methodological qualifications, in accordance with the needs of the religious
policy. Their appointments were never random and proved that the authorities were
aware of how demanding and special the role of the religious policy was in comparison
with the other policies. As far as the area concerned with the religious minorities was
concerned, the specialist qualifications of the workers of 3rd Department were most
significant. The person of
Serafin Kiryłowicz
-
a theologian and specialist in religious
studies
-
ensured excellent results to the Office, even in the scope of the most intri¬
cate areas of the functioning of the non-Roman Catholic religious organizations. The
high standards of knowledge were also a feature of other officials within the structure.
Frequent training sessions under their supervision, bore fruit in the form of the con¬
stantly increasing competences of the officials concerned with the religious matters at
voivodeship and poviat levels. Establishing the system at the lowest level was based on
in-depth political supervision of the religious associations and was achieved with the
participation of the local officials As the majority of the detailed decisions of UdSW
were a result of the strategic vision of the religious policy, the decision-making model
was characterized by the mainly deductive procedure, that is the shift from deciding
at the general level to the decisions at the more specific character, concerned with the
sub-goals. At the end of
1980s
the harmonizing of inductive and deductive approaches
was taking place.
The position of the subjects of the religious policy (in which category the religious
groups were counted) in its mutual relationships was shaped by the decisions of the po¬
litical protagonists. The antagonistic relationships between Lutherans and Methodists,
Abstract
449
Orthodox and Greek Orthodox Churches, frictions within the United Evangelical
Church (Pol.
Zjednoczony Kościół Ewangliczny),
conflicts between Jehovah s Witnesses
and other interpretational communities and the antagonisms in the
Non-
Roman
Catholic Church vs. Roman Catholic Church relationship were the phenomena resul¬
ting not as much from the historical prejudices and doctrinal arguments, as from the
concepts and activities of the authorities. The faction antagonisms within the Union
of Churches of the Seventh-Day Adventists (Pol.
Unia Zborów Adwentystów Dnia
Siódmego)
and within the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Pol.
Kościół Ewangelicko-
Augsburski) or within the Methodist Church (Pol.
Kościół Metodystyczny)
were,
consequently, the result of promoting and condemning certain attitudes towards the
authorities and the social-political order created by them. The authorities used various
methods to this purpose, including an array of positive and negative stimuli (known
informally as the carrot-and-stick policy ), which resulted in the following visible
effects within the religious minorities: submission (as a way of achieving a reward or
avoiding punishment), identification (with the political inclinations of the authorities)
and internalization (the desire to be right in the activity undertaken).
The religious policy of the state towards the religious minorities involved many
conditions, including determinants. Among those there were: the ideological indicators
(the materialist philosophy, Marxism-Leninism, atheism), the confessional structure
of the total population of the country (one- vs. multi-polar confessional world), the
unification of the confessional and national policy (the issues of: de-germanisation,
de-ukrainianisation, polonisation and re-polonisation), the dependence on the foreign
policy and geopolitical location of the country (the threat from the so-called German
revisionism , the dependence of the Polish religious policy on the USSR s policy), the
territorial placements of the religious groups and their followers (the clusters deter¬
mined by history and shaped by the compulsory transfers of populations), histori¬
cal religious rites and doctrinal and theological features of the respective religious
associations.
The evaluation of the religious policy as focused on the religious minorities in re¬
spect to the aims and assumptions leads to a non-unanimous observation. The strategic
aim of desacralisation of the public space was not achieved by the decision makers. The
smaller aims, related directly to the activities undertaken towards and based on the
non-Roman Catholic religious associations in relation to the majority Church, were
partially reached, to the satisfaction of the decision makers. The frontal attack of the
authorities on the Roman Catholic Church in the years
1965-1966
was carried out with
the participation of the minority Churches. Limiting the local influences of the Roman
Catholic Church with the participation of the Polish Catholic Church and the
Mariavite
Churches was also partially successful. A similar effect was achieved by the activities of
the Orthodox Church towards the Greek Orthodox Church. All the minority churches
450
Abstract
and religious groups subject to the regulatory policy were useful to the authorities in
reach its propaganda goals in international reception. The positive image of the PRP
was adopted
-
with the former negative attitude rejected
-
by the many religious and
ecumenical delegations visiting Poland. The same was evident in the visits of Polish
delegates in the West. The plans that were linked to the Evangelical Lutheran Church
and related to the repolonisation shall be deemed as unfulfilled. The liquidational
direction of the confessional policy towards Jehovah s Witnesses and Greek Orthodox
Church was a complete fiasco. Both the religious groups were successful as the survived
and were not morally entangled in the system, which allowed them to continue their
activity without any burdens in the new reality after
1989.
Accepting the opportunistic
compromise by the religious associations subject to the concessions and regulations
guaranteed them (regardless of the state of relative depreciation in their relationship
with the Roman Catholic Church) survival, relatively good opportunities to seek their
religious fulfilment and protection of the government from the majority Church, yet
the price (mainly moral) for their submission was to be paid in the reality of the release
of political life. As a result, the religious policy of the Peoples Republic of Poland has
left the religious minorities with the heritage that is difficult to untangle.
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München J
v
________________
|
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| id | DE-604.BV041844941 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:06:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788378421245 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027289529 |
| oclc_num | 881812460 |
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| physical | 450 s. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
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| publisher | Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Michalak, Ryszard 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)1089856504 aut Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 Ryszard Michalak Zielona Góra Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego 2014 450 s. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The religious policy of the Polish state towards religious minorities in the years 1945 - 1989 Bibliogr. s. 369-443 Geschichte 1945-1989 gnd rswk-swf Kościół i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Religia i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Mniejszości religijne / Polska / 1945- jhpk Religiöse Minderheit (DE-588)4140292-3 gnd rswk-swf Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 s Religiöse Minderheit (DE-588)4140292-3 s Geschichte 1945-1989 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027289529&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027289529&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Michalak, Ryszard 1972- Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 Kościół i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Religia i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Mniejszości religijne / Polska / 1945- jhpk Religiöse Minderheit (DE-588)4140292-3 gnd Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4140292-3 (DE-588)4049416-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 |
| title_auth | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 |
| title_exact_search | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 |
| title_full | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 Ryszard Michalak |
| title_fullStr | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 Ryszard Michalak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 Ryszard Michalak |
| title_short | Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945 - 1989 |
| title_sort | polityka wyznaniowa panstwa polskiego wobec mniejszosci religijnych w latach 1945 1989 |
| topic | Kościół i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Religia i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Mniejszości religijne / Polska / 1945- jhpk Religiöse Minderheit (DE-588)4140292-3 gnd Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kościół i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 Religia i państwo / Polska / 1945-1990 Mniejszości religijne / Polska / 1945- Religiöse Minderheit Religionspolitik Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027289529&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027289529&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michalakryszard politykawyznaniowapanstwapolskiegowobecmniejszoscireligijnychwlatach19451989 |