Ecology:
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sunderland, Mass.
Sinauer Assoc.
2014
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780878939084 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cain, Michael L. |d 1956- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)143956434 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ecology |c Michael L. Cain ; William D. Bowman ; Sally D. Hacker |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Sunderland, Mass. |b Sinauer Assoc. |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a Getr. Zählung |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Bowman, William D. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hacker, Sally D. |d 1962- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1014097061 |4 aut | |
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| _version_ | 1804152048006987776 |
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| adam_text | Brief Contents
1
The Web of Life
2
Unit I Organisms and Their
Environment
2
The Physical Environment
22
3
The Biosphere
50
4
Coping with Environmental Variation:
Temperature and Water
84
5
Coping with Environmental Variation:
Energy
109
Unit
2
Evolutionary Ecology
6
Evolution and Ecology
136
7
Life History
160
8
Behavioral Ecology
182
Unit
3
Populations
9
Population Distribution and
Abundance
204
10
Population Growth and Regulation
226
11
Population Dynamics
249
Unit
4
Interactions among Organisms
12
Competition
272
13
Prédation
and Herbivory
292
14
Parasitism
315
15
Mutualism and Commensalism
338
UNIT
5
Communities
16
The Nature of Communities
358
17
Change in Communities
379
18
Biogeography
401
19
Species Diversity in Communities
426
Unito
Ecosystems
20
Production
450
21
Energy Flow and Food Webs
472
22
Nutrient Supply and Cycling
495
Unit
7
Applied and Large-Scale Ecology
23
Conservation Biology
520
24
Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem
Management
546
25
Global Ecology
570
Contents
Chapter
1
The Web of Life
2
Deformity and Decline in Amphibian Populations:
A CASE STUDY
2
Introduction
3
CONCEPT
1.1
Events in the natural world are
interconnected.
3
Connections in Nature
3
CONCEPT
1.2
Ecology is the scientific study of
interactions between organisms and their
environment.
8
What Is Ecology?
8
CONCEPT
1.3
Ecologists evaluate competing
hypotheses about natural systems with
observations, experiments, and models.
14
Answering Ecological Questions
14
Ecological Toolkit
1.1
Designing Ecological
Experiments
16
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Deformity and
Decime in
Amphibian Populations
17
Analyzing Data
1.1
Are Introduced Predators a Cause
of Amphibian Decline?
18
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Mission Impossible?
19
*.*,*№
Unit
1
Organisms and Their Environment
Chapter
2
The Physical
Environment
22
Climate Variation and Salmon Abundance:
A CASE STUDY
22
Introduction
23
CONCEPT
2.1
Climate is the most fundamental
component of the physical environment.
23
Climate
23
CONCEPT
2.2
Winds and ocean currents result from
differences in solar radiation across Earth s
surface.
26
Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
26
CONCEPT
2.3
Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic
circulation patterns establish global patterns of
temperature and precipitation.
31
Global Climate Patterns
31
CONCEPT
2.4
Regional climates reflect the influence
of oceans and continents, mountains, and
vegetation.
34
Regional Climate Influences
34
Analyzing Data
2.1
How Do Changes in Vegetation
Cover Influence Climate?
37
CONCEPT
2.5
Seasonal and long-term climate variation
are associated with changes in Earth s position
relative to the sun.
38
Climate Variation over Time
38
xviii Contents
CONCEPT
2,6
Salinity, acidity, and oxygen
concentrations are major determinants of the
chemical environment.
44
The Chemical Environment
44
A CASE STUDY REVISITED
CÜmafe
Variation
and
Saimón
Abundance
46
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Climate Variation and
Ecology
46
Chapter
3
The Biosphere
50
The American Serengeti-- Twelve Centuries of
Change in the Great Plains; A CASE STUDY
50
Introduction
51
CONCEPT
3.1
Terrestrial biomes are characterized by
the growth forms of the dominant vegetation.
51
Terrestrial Biomes
51
Ecological Toolkit
3.1
Climate Diagrams
54
Analyzing
Dała
3.1
How Will Climate Change Affect
the Grasslands Biome?
62
CONCEPT
3.2
Biological zones in freshwater
ecosystems are associated with the velocity,
depth, temperature, clarity, and chemistry of the
water.
71
Freshwater Biological Zones
71
CONCEPT
3.3
Marine biological zones are determined
by ocean depth, light availability, and the stability
of the bottom substrate.
74
Marine Biological Zones
74
A CASE STUDY REVISITED The American Serengeti —
Twelve Centuries of Change in the Great Plains
80
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Long-Term Ecological
Research
81
Chapter
4
Coping with Environmental
Variation: Temperature and
Water
84
Frozen Frogs: A CASE STUDY
84
Introduction
85
CONCEPT
4.1
Each species has a range of
environmental tolerances that determines its
potential geographic distribution.
85
Responses to Environmental Variation
85
CONCEPT
4.2
The temperature of an organism is
determined by exchanges of energy with the
external environment.
88
Variation in Temperature
88
Analyzing Data
4.1
How Does Fur Thickness Influence
Metabolic Activity in Endotherms?
97
CONCEPT
4.3
The water balance of an organism is
determined by exchanges of water and solutes
with the external environment.
98
Variation in Water Availability
98
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Frozen Frogs
Ì
05
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Desiccation Tolerance, Body
Size, and Rarity
106
Chapter
5
Coping with Environmental
Variation: Energy
109
Toolmaking Crows: A CASE STUDY
109
Introduction
110
CONCEPT
5.1
Organisms obtain energy from sunlight,
from inorganic chemical compounds, or through
the consumption of organic compounds.
110
Sources of Energy
110
CONCEPT
5.2
Radiant and chemical energy captured
by autotrophs is converted into stored energy in
carbon-carbon bonds.
112
Autotrophy
112
Analyzing Data
5.1
How Does Acclimatization Affect
Plant Energy Balance?
116
CONCEPT
5.3
Environmental constraints have resulted
in the evolution of biochemical pathways that
improve the efficiency of photosynthesis.
117
Photosynthetic Pathways
117
CONCEPT
5.4
Heterotrophs have adaptations for
acquiring and assimilating energy efficiently from
a variety of organic sources.
123
Heterotrophy
123
Ecological Toolkit
5.1
Stable Isotopes
124
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Toolmaking Crows
і
30
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Tool Use: Adaptation or
Learned Behavior?
131
Contents xix
Unit
2
Evolutionary Ecology
Chapter
6
Evolution and
Ecology
136
Trophy Hunting and Inadvertent Evolution: A CASE
STUDY
136
Introduction
137
CONCEPT
6.1
Evolution can be viewed as genetic
change over time or as a process of descent with
modification.
137
What Is Evolution?
137
CONCEPT
6.2
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene
flow can cause
alíele
frequencies in a population
to change over time.
140
Mechanisms of Evolution
140
CONCEPT
6.3
Natural selection is the only evolutionary
mechanism that consistently causes adaptive
evolution.
144
Adaptive Evolution
144
CONCEPT
6.4
Long-term patterns of evolution are
shaped by large-scale processes such as
speciation, mass extinction, and adaptive
radiation.
148
The Evolutionary History of Life
148
CONCEPT
6.5
Ecological interactions and evolution
exert a profound influence on one another.
154
Joint Effects of Ecology and Evolution
154
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Trophy Hunting and Inadvertent
Evolution
Ì55
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE The Human Impact on
Evolution
156
Analyzing Data
6.1
Does
Prédation
by Birds Cause
Evolution in Moth Populations?
157
Chapter
7
Life History
160
Nemo Grows Up: A CASE STUDY
160
Introduction
161
CONCEPT
7.1
Life history patterns vary within and
among species.
161
Life History Diversity
161
CONCEPT
7.2
Reproductive patterns can be classified
along several
continua.
169
Life History
Continua
169
CONCEPT
7.3
There are trade-offs between life history
traits.
172
Trade-Offs
172
Analyzing Data
7.1
Is there a trade-off between
current and delayed reproduction in the collared
flycatcher?
175
CONCEPT
7.4
Organisms face different selection
pressures at different life cycle stages.
176
Life Cycle Evolution
176
A CASE STUDY REVISITED
Nr
-тю
Grew, Up-
< 79
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Territoriality, Competition,
and Life History
180
Chapter
8
Behavioral Ecology
182
Baby Killers: A CASE STUDY
182
Introduction
183
CONCEPT
8.1
An evolutionary approach to the study of
behavior leads to testable predictions.
183
An Evolutionary Approach to Behavior
183
CONCEPT
8.2
Animals make behavioral choices that
enhance their energy gain and reduce their risk of
becoming prey.
186
Foraging Behavior
186
CONCEPT
8.3
Mating behaviors reflect the costs
and benefits of parental investment and mate
defense.
192
Mating Behavior
192
CONCEPT
8.4
There are advantages and
disadvantages to living in groups.
197
Living in Groups
197
xx Contents
Analyzing Data
8.1
Does the dilution effect protect
individual ocean skaters from fish predators?
198
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Baby Killers
199
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Behavioral Responses to
Predators Have Broad Ecological Effects
200
«»ЛІНА
Unit
3
Populations
Chapter
9
Population Distribution and
Abundance
204
From Kelp Forest to Urchin Barren: A CASE STUDY
204
Introduction
205
CONCEPT
9.1
Populations are dynamic entities that
vary in size over time and space.
205
Populations
205
CONCEPT
9.2
The distributions and abundances of
organisms are limited by habitat suitability,
historical factors, and dispersal.
209
Distribution and Abundance
209
Analyzing Data
9.1
Have introduced grasses
altered the occurrence of fires in Hawaiian dry
forests?
212
CONCEPT
9.3
Many species have a patchy distribution
of populations across their geographic
range.
213
Geographic Range
213
CONCEPT
9.4
The dispersion of individuals within a
population depends on the location of essential
resources, competition, dispersal, and behavioral
interactions.
216
Dispersion within Populations
216
CONCEPT
9.5
Population abundances and distributions
can be estimated with area-based counts, distance
methods, mark-recapture studies, and niche
models.
217
Estimating Abundances and Distributions
217
Ecological Toolkit
9.1
Estimating Abundance
219
A CASE STUDY REVISITED From Kelp Forest to Urchin
Barren
22
i
CONNECTONS
IN NATURE From Uchins to
Ecosystems
223
Chapter
10
Population Growth and
Regulation
226
Human Population Growth: A CASE STUDY
226
Introduction
227
CONCEPT
10.1
Life tables show how survival and
reproductive rates vary with age, size, or life
cycle stage.
228
Life Tables
228
CONCEPT
10.2
Life table data can be used to project
the future age structure, size, and growth rate of a
population.
231
Age Structure
231
Ecological Toolkit
10.1
Estimating Population Growth
Rates in a Threatened Species
235
CONCEPT
10.3
Populations can grow exponentially
when conditions are favorable, but exponential
growth cannot continue indefinitely.
236
Exponential Growth
236
Analyzing Data
10.1
How has the growth of the
human population changed over time?
238
CONCEPT
10.4
Population size can be determined
by density-dependent and density-independent
factors.
240
Effects of Density
240
CONCEPT
10.5
The logistic equation incorporates
limits to growth and shows how a population
may stabilize at a maximum size, the carrying
capacity.
242
Logistic Growth
242
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Human, Population
Growth
244
CONNECTONS
IN NATURE Your Ecological
Footprint
245
Contents xxi
Chapter
11 Population
Dynamics 249
A Sea in Trouble: A CASE STUDY
249
Introduction
250
CONCEPT
11.1
Population growth patterns include
exponential growth, logistic growth, fluctuations,
and regular cycles.
251
Patterns of Population Growth
251
CONCEPT
11.2
Delayed density dependence can cause
populations to fluctuate in size.
254
Delayed Density Dependence
254
CONCEPT
11.3
The risk of extinction increases greatly
in small populations.
257
Population Extinction
257
Analyzing Data
11.1
How does variation in
λ
affect
population growth?
258
CONCEPT
11.4
In metapopulations, sets of
spatially isolated populations are linked by
dispersal.
263
Metapopulations
263
A CASE STUDY REVISITED A Sea in Trouble
26Ó
CONNECTONS
IN NATURE From Bottom to Top, and
Back Again
267
Unit
4
Interactions among Organisms
Chapter
12
Competition
272
Competition in Plants That f:at Animals: A CASE
STUDY
272
Introduction
273
CONCEPT
12.1
Competition occurs between
individuals of two species that share the use of
a resource that limits their growth, survival, or
reproduction.
273
Competition for Resources
273
CONCEPT
12.2
Competition, whether direct or indirect,
can limit the distributions and abundances of
competing species.
276
General Features of Competition
276
CONCEPT
12.3
Competing species are more likely
to coexist when they use resources in different
ways.
279
Competitive Exclusion
279
Analyzing Data
12.1
Will competition with a native
mosquito species prevent the spread of an
introduced mosquito?
284
CONCEPT
12.4
The outcome of competition can be
altered by environmental conditions, species
interactions, disturbance, and evolution.
285
Altering the Outcome of
Compétition
285
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Competition in Plants That Eat
Animals
288
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE The Paradox of
Diversity
289
Chapter
13
Prédation
and
Herbivory
292
Snowshoe Hare Cycles: A CASE STUDY
292
Introduction
293
CONCEPT
13.1
Most predators have broad diets,
whereas a majority of herbivores have relatively
narrow diets.
294
Predators and Herbivores
294
CONCEPT
13.2
Organisms have evolved a wide range
of adaptations that help them obtain food and
avoid being eaten.
297
Adaptations to Exploitative Interactions
297
Analyzing Data
13.1
Do different herbivore species
select for different plant genotypes?
300
CONCEPT
13.3
Prédation
and herbivory can affect
ecological communities greatly, in some cases
causing a shift from one community type to
another.
302
Effects of Exploitation on Communities
302
xxii Contents
CONCEPT
13.4 Population
cycles
can be caused by
exploitative interactions.
306
Exploitation and Population Cycles
306
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Snowshoe Hare Cycles
3
Ì
0
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE From Fear to Hormones to
Population Dynamics
312
Chapter
14
Parasitism
315
Enslaver Parasites: A CASE STUDY
315
Introduction
316
CONCEPT
14.1
Parasites typically feed on only one or
a few host individuals.
31
7
Parasite Natural History
317
CONCEPT
14.2
Hosts have adaptations for defending
themselves against parasites, and parasites have
adaptations for overcoming host defenses.
319
Defenses and Counterdefenses
319
Analyzing Data
14.1
Will a defensive symbiont
increase in frequency in a host population subjected
to parasitism?
321
CONCEPT
14.3
Host and parasite populations can
evolve together, each in response to selection
pressure imposed by the other.
323
Parasite-Host Coevolution
323
CONCEPT
14.4
Parasites can reduce the sizes of host
populations and alter the outcomes of species
interactions, thereby causing communities to
change.
326
Ecological Effects of Parasites
326
CONCEPT
14.5
Simple models of host-pathogen
dynamics suggest ways to control the
establishment and spread of diseases.
330
Dynamics and Spread of Diseases
330
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Enslaver Parasites
334
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE From Chemicals to Evolution
and Ecosystems
335
Chapter
15
Mutualism and
Commensalism
338
The First Farmers: A CASE STUDY
338
Introduction
339
CONCEPT
15.1
In positive interactions, neither species
is harmed and the benefits are greater than the
costs for at least one species.
339
Positive Interactions
339
CONCEPT
15.2
Each partner in a mutualistic interaction
acts in ways that serve its own ecological and
evolutionary interests.
346
Characteristics of Mutualism
346
Analyzing Data
15.1
Does a mycorrhizal fungus
transfer more phosphorus to plant roots that provide
more carbohydrates?
349
CONCEPT
15.3
Positive interactions affect the
abundances and distributions of populations
as well as the composition of ecological
communities.
350
Ecological Consequences of Positive
Interactions
350
A CASE STUDY REVISITED The First Farmers
353
CONNECTONS
IN NATURE From Mandibles to Nutrient
Cycling
354
Unit
5
Communities
Chapter
16
The Nature of
Communities
358
Killer Algae!
:
A CASE STUDY
358
Introduction
359
CONCEPT
16.1
Communities are groups of interacting
species that occur together at the same place and
time.
359
What Are Communities?
359
Contents xxiii
CONCEPT
16.2
Species
diversity and species
composition are important descriptors of
community structure.
362
Community Structure
362
CONCEPT
16.3
Communities can be characterized
by complex networks of direct and indirect
interactions that vary in strength and
direction.
367
Interactions of Multiple Species
367
Ecological Toolkit
16.1
Measurements of Interaction
Strength
371
Analyzing Data
16.1
What Are the Effects of Invasive
Species on Species Diversity?
375
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Killer Aigae!
376
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Stopping Invasions Requires
Commitment
376
Chapter
17
Change in
Communities
379
A Natural Experiment of Mountainous Proportions: A
CASESTUDY
379
Introduction
380
CONCEPT
17.1
Agents of change act on communities
across all temporal and spatial scales.
381
Agents of Change
381
CONCEPT
17.2
Succession is the process of change
in species composition over time as a result of
abiotic and biotic agents of change.
383
The Basics of Succession
383
CONCEPT
17.3
Experimental work on succession
shows its mechanisms to be diverse and context-
dependent.
387
Mechanisms of Succession
387
CONCEPT
17.4
Communities can follow different
successional paths and display alternative
states.
393
Alternative Stable States
393
Analyzing Data
17.1
What kinds of species
interactions drive succession in mountain
forests?
394
A CASE STUDY REVISITED
A Naturai
Experiment of
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Primary Succession and
Mutualism
398
Chapter
18
Biogeography
401
The Largest
Ecologica!
Experiment
on Earth; A CASE
STUDY
401
Introduction
402
CONCEPT
18.1
Patterns of species diversity and
distribution vary at global, regional, and local
spatial scales.
403
Biogeography and Spatial Scale
403
CONCEPT
18.2
Global patterns of species diversity and
composition are influenced by geographic area
and isolation, evolutionary history, and global
climate.
408
Global Biogeography
408
CONCEPT
18.3
Regional differences in species diversity
are influenced by area and distance, which
determine the balance between immigration and
extinction rates.
416
Regional Biogeography
416
Ecological Toolkit
18.1
Species-Area Curves
418
Analyzing Data
18.1
Do Species Invasions Influence
Species-Area Curves?
419
A CASE STUDY REVISITED rk [av.oo.
ţrohy«*.,
¿
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Tropical Rainforest Diversity
Benefits Humans
424
Chapter
19
Species Diversity in
Communities
426
Powered by Prairies? A CASE STUDY
426
Introduction
427
CONCEPT
19.1
Species diversity differs among
communities due to variation in regional
species pools, abiotic conditions, and species
interactions.
427
Community Membership
427
CONCEPT
19.2
Resource partitioning is theorized
to reduce competition and increase species
diversity.
431
Resource Partitioning
431
CONCEPT
19.3
Processes such as disturbance, stress,
prédation,
and positive interactions can mediate
resource availability, thus promoting species
coexistence and species diversity.
434
Resource Mediation and Coexistence
434
xxiv Contents
Lottery and neutral models rely on equality and
chance
440
Analyzing Data
19.1
How Do
Prédation
and Dispersal
Interact to Influence Species Richness?
440
CONCEPT
19.4
Many experiments show that species
diversity is positively related to community
function.
442
The Consequences of Diversity
442
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Powered by Prairies?
444
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Barriers to Biofuels: The Plant
Cell Wall Conundrum
446
Unit
6
Ecosystems
Chapter
20
Production
450
Life in the Deep Blue Sea, How Can It Be? A CASE
STUDY
450
Introduction
451
CONCEPT
20.1
Energy in ecosystems originates with
primary production by autotrophs.
Primary Production
452
Ecological Toolkit
20.1
Remote Sensing
456
Analyzing Data
20.1
Does deforestation influence
atmospheric CO2 concentrations?
458
CONCEPT
20.2
Net primary production is constrained
by both physical and biotic environmental
factors.
459
Environmental Controls on NPP
459
CONCEPT
20.3
Global patterns of net primary
production reflect climate constraints and biome
types.
464
Global Patterns of NPP
464
CONCEPT
20.4
Secondary production is generated
through the consumption of organic matter by
heterotrophs.
466
Secondary Production
466
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Life in the Deep Blue Sea. How
Can If Be7
467
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Energy-Driven Succession and
Evolution in
Hydrothermal Vent
Communities
468
Chapter
21
Energy Flow and Food
Webs
472
Toxins in Remote Places: A CASE STUDY
472
Introduction
473
CONCEPT
21.1
Trophic levels describe the
feeding positions of groups of organisms in
ecosystems.
473
Feeding Relationships
473
CONCEPT
21.2
The amount of energy transferred
from one trophic level to the next depends on
food quality and on consumer abundance and
physiology.
475
Energy Flow between Trophic Levels
475
CONCEPT
21.3
Changes in the abundances of
organisms at one trophic level can influence
energy flow at multiple trophic levels.
480
Trophic Cascades
480
Analyzing Data
21.1
Does the identity of organisms
influence energy flow between trophic levels?
484
CONCEPT
21.4
Food webs are conceptual models
of the trophic interactions of organisms in an
ecosystem.
485
Food Webs
485
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Toxins in Remote Places
49)
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Biological Transport of
Pollutants
492
Contents xxv
Chapter
22
Nutrient Supply and
Cycling
495
A Fragile
Crust; A CASE STUDY
495
Introduction
496
CONCEPT
22.1
Nutrients enter ecosystems through
the chemical breakdown of minerals in rocks or
through fixation of atmospheric gases.
497
Nutrient Requirements and Sources
497
CONCEPT
22.2
Chemical and biological
transformations in ecosystems alter the chemical
form and supply of nutrients.
501
Nutrient Transformations
501
Analyzing Data
22.1
Does
Lignin
Always Inhibit
Decomposition?
503
CONCEPT
22.3
Nutrients cycle repeatedly through the
components of ecosystems.
505
Nutrient Cycles and Losses
505
Ecological Toolkit
22.1
Instrumenting Catchments
509
CONCEPT
22.4
Freshwater and marine ecosystems
receive nutrient inputs from terrestrial
ecosystems.
511
Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems
511
A CASE STUDY REVISITED A Fragile Crust
514
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Nutrients, Disturbance, and
Invasive Species
515
Unit
7
Applied and Large-Scale Ecology
Chapter
23
Conservation
Biology
520
Can Birds and Bombs Coexist? A CASE STUDY
520
Introduction
521
CONCEPT
23.1
Conservation biology is an
integrative
discipline that applies the principles of ecology to
the protection of biodiversity.
521
Conservation Biology
521
CONCEPT
23.2
Biodiversity is declining globally.
524
Declining Biodiversity
524
CONCEPT
23.3
Primary threats to biodiversity include
habitat loss, invasive species, overexploitation,
pollution, disease, and climate change.
528
Threats to Biodiversity
528
Analyzing Data
23.1
Do nitric oxide emissions
differ statistically between plots with and without
kudzu?
531
CONCEPT
23.4
Conservation biologists use many tools
and work at multiple scales to manage declining
populations.
535
Approaches to Conservation
535
Ecological Toolkit
23.1
Forensics in Conservation
Biology
537
CONCEPT
23.5
Prioritizing species helps maximize the
biodiversity that can be protected with limited
resources.
539
Ranking Species for Protection
539
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Can Birds and Bombs
Coexist?
542
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Some Burning
Questions
543
Chapter
24
Landscape Ecology
and Ecosystem
Management
546
Wolves in the Yellowstone Landscape: A CASE
STUDY
546
Introduction
547
Ecological Toolkit
24.1
Geopgraphic Information
Systems
(GIS)
548
CONCEPT
24.1
Landscape ecology examines spatial
patterns and their relationship to ecological
processes.
549
Landscape Ecology
549
xxvi Contents
CONCEPT
24.2
Habitat loss and fragmentation
decreases habitat area, isolates populations, and
alters conditions at habitat edges.
554
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
554
Analyzing Data
24.1
How Far Do Edge Effects
Penetrate into Forest Fragments?
558
CONCEPT
24.3
Biodiversity can best be sustained by
large reserves connected across the landscape
and buffered from areas of intense human
use.
559
Designing Nature Reserves
559
CONCEPT
24.4
Ecosystem management is a
collaborative process with the maintenance
of long-term ecological integrity as its core
value.
563
Ecosystem Management
563
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Wolves ¡n the Yellowstone
Landscape
565
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Future Changes in the
Yellowstone Landscape
566
Chapter
25
Global Ecology
570
Dust Storms of Epic Proportions A CASE STUDY
570
Introduction
571
CONCEPT
25.1
Elements move among geologic,
atmospheric, oceanic, and biological pools
ata
global scale.
57
1
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
571
Analyzing Data
25.1
How Much Will Ocean
pH
Drop
in the Twenty-First Century?
574
CONCEPT
25.2
Earth is warming due to anthropogenic
emissions of greenhouse gases.
579
Global Climate Change
579
CONCEPT
25.3
Anthropogenic emissions of
sulfur and nitrogen cause acid deposition,
alter soil chemistry, and affect the health of
ecosystems.
585
Acid and Nitrogen Deposition
585
CONCEPT
25.4
Losses of ozone in the stratosphere and
increases in ozone in the troposphere each pose
risks to organisms.
589
Atmospheric Ozone
589
A CASE STUDY REVISITED Dust Storms of Epic
Proportions
592
CONNECTIONS IN NATURE Dust as a Vector of Ecological
Impacts
594
Appendix: Some Metric Measurements Used
in Ecology AP-1
Answers to Figure Legend and Review
Questions AN-1
Glossary G-l
Illustration Credits IC-1
Literature Cited LC-1
Index
1-1
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cain, Michael L. 1956- Bowman, William D. Hacker, Sally D. 1962- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)143956434 (DE-588)1014097061 |
| author_facet | Cain, Michael L. 1956- Bowman, William D. Hacker, Sally D. 1962- |
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| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QH541 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)876130596 (DE-599)BVBBV041750349 |
| dewey-full | 577 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 577 - Ecology |
| dewey-raw | 577 |
| dewey-search | 577 |
| dewey-sort | 3577 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV041750349 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:04:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780878939084 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027196738 |
| oclc_num | 876130596 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 |
| physical | Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Sinauer Assoc. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cain, Michael L. 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)143956434 aut Ecology Michael L. Cain ; William D. Bowman ; Sally D. Hacker 3. ed. Sunderland, Mass. Sinauer Assoc. 2014 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s DE-604 Bowman, William D. Verfasser aut Hacker, Sally D. 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)1014097061 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027196738&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cain, Michael L. 1956- Bowman, William D. Hacker, Sally D. 1962- Ecology Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Ecology |
| title_auth | Ecology |
| title_exact_search | Ecology |
| title_full | Ecology Michael L. Cain ; William D. Bowman ; Sally D. Hacker |
| title_fullStr | Ecology Michael L. Cain ; William D. Bowman ; Sally D. Hacker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecology Michael L. Cain ; William D. Bowman ; Sally D. Hacker |
| title_short | Ecology |
| title_sort | ecology |
| topic | Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027196738&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cainmichaell ecology AT bowmanwilliamd ecology AT hackersallyd ecology |