The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad:
"This is an accessible and up-to-date account of the Jews during the millennium following Alexander the Great's conquest of the East. Unusually, it acknowledges the problems involved in constructing a narrative from fragmentary yet complex evidence and is, implicitly, an exploration of how...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2014
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Key themes in ancient history
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | "This is an accessible and up-to-date account of the Jews during the millennium following Alexander the Great's conquest of the East. Unusually, it acknowledges the problems involved in constructing a narrative from fragmentary yet complex evidence and is, implicitly, an exploration of how this might be accomplished. Moreover, unlike most other introductions to the subject, it concentrates primarily on the people rather than issues of theology and adopts a resolutely unsentimental approach to the subject. Professor Schwartz particularly demonstrates the importance of studying Jewish history, texts and artefacts to the broader community of ancient historians because of what they can contribute to wider themes such as Roman imperialism. The book serves as an excellent introduction for students and scholars of Jewish history and of ancient history".. |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XI, 190 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781107041271 9781107669291 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV041743828 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20160322 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 140319s2014 xxk |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 013045306 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781107041271 |c hbk. |9 978-1-107-04127-1 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781107669291 |c pbk. |9 978-1-107-66929-1 | ||
| 035 | |a (gbd)1048783 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)884915217 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041743828 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxk |c GB | ||
| 049 | |a DE-29 |a DE-739 |a DE-12 |a DE-19 |a DE-11 |a DE-473 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a DS117 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 909/.04924 |2 23 | |
| 084 | |a BD 3700 |0 (DE-625)9969: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a NH 7985 |0 (DE-625)125804:12250 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 6,12 |2 ssgn | ||
| 084 | |a 6,15 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Schwartz, Seth |d 1959- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1017201331 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad |c Seth Schwartz |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 190 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Key themes in ancient history | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | |a "This is an accessible and up-to-date account of the Jews during the millennium following Alexander the Great's conquest of the East. Unusually, it acknowledges the problems involved in constructing a narrative from fragmentary yet complex evidence and is, implicitly, an exploration of how this might be accomplished. Moreover, unlike most other introductions to the subject, it concentrates primarily on the people rather than issues of theology and adopts a resolutely unsentimental approach to the subject. Professor Schwartz particularly demonstrates the importance of studying Jewish history, texts and artefacts to the broader community of ancient historians because of what they can contribute to wider themes such as Roman imperialism. The book serves as an excellent introduction for students and scholars of Jewish history and of ancient history".. | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 7 | |a HISTORY / Ancient / General |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Juden | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Judentum | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Judaism |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |x Civilization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HISTORY / Ancient / General | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Antike |0 (DE-588)4068754-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Judentum |0 (DE-588)4114087-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Palestine |x History | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Auseinandersetzung mit dem Judentum |0 (DE-2581)TH000005784 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Juden und Christen |0 (DE-2581)TH000003736 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Juden und Griechen |0 (DE-2581)TH000003738 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Juden und Römer |0 (DE-2581)TH000003739 |2 gbd | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Antike |0 (DE-588)4068754-5 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 2 | 0 | |a Antike |0 (DE-588)4068754-5 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | 1 | |a Judentum |0 (DE-588)4114087-4 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027190359&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n gbd | |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q gbd_4_1406 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027190359 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.04924 |e 22/bsb |f 09015 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.04924 |e 22/bsb |f 09014 |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804152037331435520 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad
Autor: Schwartz, Seth
Jahr: 2014
Contents
Preface page ix
List of abbreviations x
Introduction i
i Beginnings to 200 BCE 19
2 Maccabean Revolt and Hasmonean dynasty 39
3 Herod to Florus 59
4 The Jewish revolts, 66-135 CE 75
5 Jews in the High Roman Empire 98
6 Jews under Christian rule 124
7 Jews in the ancient world 152-
Bibliographical essay 156
References 163
Index 183
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Schwartz, Seth 1959- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1017201331 |
| author_facet | Schwartz, Seth 1959- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Schwartz, Seth 1959- |
| author_variant | s s ss |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041743828 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS117 |
| callnumber-raw | DS117 |
| callnumber-search | DS117 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3117 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| classification_rvk | BD 3700 NH 7985 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1048783 (OCoLC)884915217 (DE-599)BVBBV041743828 |
| dewey-full | 909/.04924 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 909 - World history |
| dewey-raw | 909/.04924 |
| dewey-search | 909/.04924 |
| dewey-sort | 3909 44924 |
| dewey-tens | 900 - History & geography |
| discipline | Geschichte Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03757nam a2200817 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV041743828</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20160322 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">140319s2014 xxk |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">013045306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781107041271</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-107-04127-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781107669291</subfield><subfield code="c">pbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-107-66929-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(gbd)1048783</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)884915217</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV041743828</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxk</subfield><subfield code="c">GB</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">DS117</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">909/.04924</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BD 3700</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)9969:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NH 7985</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)125804:12250</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">6,12</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">6,15</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Schwartz, Seth</subfield><subfield code="d">1959-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1017201331</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad</subfield><subfield code="c">Seth Schwartz</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1. publ.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge Univ. Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XI, 190 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Key themes in ancient history</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"This is an accessible and up-to-date account of the Jews during the millennium following Alexander the Great's conquest of the East. Unusually, it acknowledges the problems involved in constructing a narrative from fragmentary yet complex evidence and is, implicitly, an exploration of how this might be accomplished. Moreover, unlike most other introductions to the subject, it concentrates primarily on the people rather than issues of theology and adopts a resolutely unsentimental approach to the subject. Professor Schwartz particularly demonstrates the importance of studying Jewish history, texts and artefacts to the broader community of ancient historians because of what they can contribute to wider themes such as Roman imperialism. The book serves as an excellent introduction for students and scholars of Jewish history and of ancient history"..</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">HISTORY / Ancient / General</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Judentum</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Jews</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Judaism</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Jews</subfield><subfield code="x">Civilization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">HISTORY / Ancient / General</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Antike</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068754-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Judentum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4114087-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Palestine</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Auseinandersetzung mit dem Judentum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000005784</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Juden und Christen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000003736</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Juden und Griechen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000003738</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Juden und Römer</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000003739</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Antike</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068754-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Antike</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068754-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Judentum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4114087-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027190359&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">gbd_4_1406</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027190359</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.04924</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.04924</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09014</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Palestine History |
| geographic_facet | Palestine History |
| id | DE-604.BV041743828 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T01:04:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107041271 9781107669291 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 013045306 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027190359 |
| oclc_num | 884915217 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-739 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-739 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | XI, 190 S. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1406 |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Key themes in ancient history |
| spelling | Schwartz, Seth 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)1017201331 aut The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad Seth Schwartz 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2014 XI, 190 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Key themes in ancient history Includes bibliographical references and index "This is an accessible and up-to-date account of the Jews during the millennium following Alexander the Great's conquest of the East. Unusually, it acknowledges the problems involved in constructing a narrative from fragmentary yet complex evidence and is, implicitly, an exploration of how this might be accomplished. Moreover, unlike most other introductions to the subject, it concentrates primarily on the people rather than issues of theology and adopts a resolutely unsentimental approach to the subject. Professor Schwartz particularly demonstrates the importance of studying Jewish history, texts and artefacts to the broader community of ancient historians because of what they can contribute to wider themes such as Roman imperialism. The book serves as an excellent introduction for students and scholars of Jewish history and of ancient history".. Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte HISTORY / Ancient / General bisacsh Juden Judentum Jews History Judaism History Jews Civilization HISTORY / Ancient / General Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Judentum (DE-588)4114087-4 gnd rswk-swf Palestine History Auseinandersetzung mit dem Judentum (DE-2581)TH000005784 gbd Juden und Christen (DE-2581)TH000003736 gbd Juden und Griechen (DE-2581)TH000003738 gbd Juden und Römer (DE-2581)TH000003739 gbd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte 330 v. Chr.-600 z DE-604 Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 s Judentum (DE-588)4114087-4 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027190359&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Schwartz, Seth 1959- The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad Geschichte HISTORY / Ancient / General bisacsh Juden Judentum Jews History Judaism History Jews Civilization HISTORY / Ancient / General Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judentum (DE-588)4114087-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4068754-5 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4114087-4 |
| title | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad |
| title_auth | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad |
| title_exact_search | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad |
| title_full | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad Seth Schwartz |
| title_fullStr | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad Seth Schwartz |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad Seth Schwartz |
| title_short | The ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad |
| title_sort | the ancient jews from alexander to muhammad |
| topic | Geschichte HISTORY / Ancient / General bisacsh Juden Judentum Jews History Judaism History Jews Civilization HISTORY / Ancient / General Antike (DE-588)4068754-5 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judentum (DE-588)4114087-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte HISTORY / Ancient / General Juden Judentum Jews History Judaism History Jews Civilization Antike Palestine History |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027190359&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schwartzseth theancientjewsfromalexandertomuhammad |