Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej: wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Toruń
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Early mediaeval settlement microregion in Napole, Chełmno Land Bibliogr. s. 345-358 |
| Physical Description: | 361 s. il. 30 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788323129837 |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Early mediaeval settlement microregion in Napole, Chełmno Land | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. s. 345-358 | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1813276312025956352 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Spis treści
Od
autora
9
1.
Zagadnienia wstępne
10
1.1.
Problematyka i zakres pracy
10
1.2.
Zarys dziejów badań nad mikroregionem osadniczym w Napolu
11
1.3.
Charakterystyka materiału źródłowego
28
2.
Analiza stylistyczno-technologiczna naczyń ceramicznych
37
2.1.
Uwagi wstępne
37
2.2.
Metody opracowania naczyń ceramicznych
40
2.3.
Analiza materiału
67
2.3.1.
Grodzisko (stanowisko
1) 67
2.3.1.1.
Uwagi wstępne
67
2.3.1.2.
Technologia wytwarzania naczyń
68
2.3.1.3.
Morfologia naczyń
76
2.3.1.3.1.
Formy naczyń
76
2.3.1.3.2.
Formy wylewów
80
2.3.1.3.3.
Formy den
83
2.3.1.4.
Zdobnictwo naczyń
85
2.3.1.5.
Funkcja naczyń
90
2.3.1.6.
Analiza porównawcza zbiorów
-
korelacja i synchronizacja
zespołów naczyń ceramicznych
91
2.3.2.
Osada wschodnia (stanowisko
lb)
115
2.3.2.1.
Uwagi wstępne
115
2.3.2.2.
Technologia wytwarzania naczyń
117
2.3.2.3.
Morfologia naczyń
124
2.3.2.3.1.
Formy naczyń
124
2.3.2.3.2.
Formy wylewów
127
2.3.2.3.3.
Formy den
129
2.3.2.4.
Zdobnictwo naczyń
131
2.3.2.5.
Funkcja naczyń
135
2.3.2.6.
Analiza porównawcza zbiorów
-
korelacja i synchronizacja
zespołów naczyń ceramicznych
136
SPIS TREŚCI
2.3.3.
Osada zachodnia (stanowisko
6) 155
2.3.3.1.
Uwagi wstępne
155
2.3.3.2.
Technologia wytwarzania naczyń
159
2.3.3.3.
Morfologia naczyń
168
2.3.3.3.1.
Formy naczyń
168
2.3.3.3.2.
Formy wylewów
174
2.3.3.3.3.
Formy den
176
2.3.3.4.
Zdobnictwo naczyń
179
2.3.3.5.
Funkcja naczyń
185
2.3.3.6.
Analiza porównawcza zbiorów
-
korelacja i synchronizacja
zespołów naczyń ceramicznych
186
3.
Analiza porównawcza wydzielonych serii naczyń z grodziska (stanowisko
1)
i osad przygrodowych (stanowiska
lb i
6) 228
3.1.
Synchronizacja i korelacja serii naczyń ceramicznych
228
3.2.
Fazy rozwojowe wytwórczości garncarskiej
w mikroregionie osadniczym w Napolu
230
3.3.
Style garncarskie
248
4.
Chronologia zespołów naczyń ceramicznych
252
4.1.
Podstawy datowania
252
4.2.
Niezależne wyznaczniki chronologii
254
4.3.
Związki chronologiczno-przestrzenne zespołów naczyń ceramicznych
260
4.3.1.
Uwagi wstępne
260
4.3.2.
Naczynia ręcznie lepione (GT I) i przykrawędnie obtaczane (GT
II)
261
4.3.3.
Naczynia częściowo obtaczane (GT III—
IV)
264
4.3.4.
Naczynia całkowicie obtaczane (GT
V)
268
4.4.
Datowanie faz rozwoju wytwórczości garncarskiej
281
5.
Naczynia ceramiczne jako źródło poznania procesów społeczno-gospodarczych
i osadniczych w mikroregionie napolskim
287
5.1.
Wytwórczość garncarska w mikroregionie
-
zmiany formy produkcji
287
5.2.
Naczynia ceramiczne jako przyczynek do wyjaśnienia niektórych aspektów
życia gospodarczego, społecznego i religijnego
298
5.3.
Dystrybucja naczyń
-
rozwój rynku lokalnego, kontakty dalekosiężne
302
5.4.
Związki chronologiczno-przestrzenne zespołów naczyń ceramicznych
jako podstawa do rekonstrukcji procesów zasiedlenia mikroregionu
we wczesnym średniowieczu
306
6.
Podsumowanie
318
Spis rycin
323
Captions
331
Spis tabel
339
Tables list
342
Literatura
345
Early mediaeval settlement
microregion
in
Ñapóle,
Chełmno
Land.
Pottery production as information source for learning local settlement processes
Summary
359
Early mediaeval settlement microregion in Napole,
Chełmno
Land. Pottery production as information source
for learning local settlement processes
SUMMARY
The subject of present study concerns early mediaeval pottery originating from excavations in Napole,
Kowalewo Pomorskie
commune (fig.
2).
Situated on Oszczywilk Lake, the settlement complex consists of a stronghold (site
1),
known from written
sources as quondam castrum Ostrowite, two open settlements (sites lb and
6)
and skeletal cemetery (site
6)
(fig.
10,11).
Rich
source material obtained, consisting of over
35
thousand fragments of ceramic vessels, has created huge information base for
deduction on the microregion past. It has also become the grounds for explaining the most essential aspects of social-cultural
life of local community inhabitants.
Settlement microregion, which remnants have been reported in the area of present Napole village constitutes important
research subject for studying
Chełmno
Land past. Development of settlement structures in this area in early Middle Ages
was closely associated with settling processes, occurring within southern section of
Drwęca
basin. Location at the junction of
two historic-geographical territories, which
Chełmno
Land was in early Middle Ages
-
with cultural and settling bonds with
Pomeranian zone in the beginning and The Greater Poland -Kuyavian later
-
as well as
Dobrzyń
Land, related to Masovia, gives
great possibilities of conducting widespread comparative studies. Ostrowite stronghold (today within Napole village borders)
created, together with two settlements located nearby, a settlement center of one of the biggest mesoregional communities
in
Chełmno
Land, encompassing probably with its influences left side of the
Drwęca
River basin. Its role was taken up later in
Teutonic times by near Kowalewo
Pomorskie
and
Golub
on the
Drwęca.
Two principal tasks can be fulfilled thanks to multi-faceted analysis of ceramic vessels from Napole settlement complex.
First, on the base of typological-chronological classification pattern worked out for this source category, a scheme of local
pottery periodization was created. Secondly, chronological-spatial bonds connecting Napole material and the others, coming
form
Chełmno
Land and neighboring areas were defined. As a result it was possible to explain several aspects concerning
social
-cultura
I and settlement phenomena in microregion. Comparing the most essential features of local pottery in various
periods of its development enabled to trace changes occurring in the scale of all settlement complex, but also indicate the most
important differences between vessel series from particular sites. These differences can be regarded as evidence for diversity
in a way of production and vessel distribution within the distinguished settlement complex sections and varied speed of
adopting new modeling techniques and wheel-throwing dishes. It is also essential contribution for analyses of all microregion
sociotopography, including presentation of local community differentiation, as the access to various goods is concerned.
Insufficient number of independent dating factors complicated to some extent the process of defining time divisions of the
distinguished pottery stages, hence in some cases the suggested division is only a hypothesis and will require additional
disambiguation in the future.
Periodization of local pottery production, elaborated on the base of ceramic material obtained in Napole complex, relates to
the schedule prepared for this type of early mediaeval sources from
Chełmno
Land (Chudziak
1991; 2002; 2003;
Poliński
1996).
It also comprises the reflection of changes taking place in this manufacturing branch from 2nd half of 7th century till 1st half of 13th
century. Its development in the region proceeded in an evolutionary way. Transformations were rather of a quantity character,
although quality changes were also clear and they were expressed in introducing more perfect techniques of production, what
frequently influenced vessels' forms. Quality and quantity changes related to ornamentations as well; new motifs, requiring
proper tools, were introduced creating decorative compositions. These changes analysis indicate, on the one hand, constant
linear process of improving techniques of pottery production, on the other hand, turning points' existence, when transition
to higher level of development took place. Analysis of stylistic-morphological and technique-technological features, but also
chronological-spatial relations made it possible to define the genesis of changes occurred. Therefore, despite distinguishing
nine stages of
loca!
pottery development, three clearly visible turning points can be pointed out.
360
Summary
Three first development stages concerning the discussed production (2nd half of 7th century-^"11 half of
10*
century) represent
series of hand-made vessels and partially wheel-thrown ones, originating from both open settlements (fig.
122).
Increase
of partially wheel-thrown examples participation was clearly reported in collections dated from
8*
century. Common forms
include vessels with bulky shoulders of circular profile or slimmer ones, S-shaped, ornamented in upper part with lateral comb-
grooving motifs. Mastering in wheel-throwing method expressed in more perfect production, increased a number of items
with the biggest shoulders diameter, which started to replace worse thrown forms. Collections from 9th century and 1st half of
10»·
century report these biggest ones' participation up to
7596.
At that time Pomeranian workshops had substantial impact
on pottery manufacturing in microregion, what is depicted in imitating dishes of
Feldberg
type
(8*
century) and Menkendorf
P^-IO* century) in this area. Implementing pottery wheel also influence quality and decorations variety. Clay was leaned by the
means of thick
-
or medium grained break-stone and was rather poorly kneaded. The process of firing vessels did not change
fundamentally, which was performed in low temperatures, what is testified by spotty external surface and black color of interior.
Changes occurring in pottery manufacturing in both settlements also match the pace of transformations in their architectonic
configuration during first stages (fig.
128).
At first there were two enclosures' concentrations of linear composition, distant from
each other, taking up the surface of some ares. By half of 10th century the area of both settlements increased substantially,
still keeping their scattered building. The surface of eastern settlement was estimated for
20-30
ares (fig.
129),
western one,
surrounded by a ditch from north-west
-
for
0,5
ha (fig.
130).
The end of
10*
century can be regarded as the dating point of
forming higher structure of Napole settlement, which is civitates type, with influence range about
90
km2. Strong bonds, also
trade ones connected the microregion with
Pomerania,
which resulted in similarities concerning pottery production (vessels
of „D" type). The end of the described period also notes demographical development of Napole community, which caused
expanding of the economically exploited area
-
new settlements appeared.
First significant turning point in vessel production falls for stage IV
(2nd
half of 10th century
-
the beginning of
11*
century)
and is marked by introducing totally wheel-thrown pottery (fig.
122).
Social-economic changes taking place within the range
of all
Chełmno
Land combined with transformations of tribal structures and their intensified militarization led to creating
a stronghold in the settlement center. Its interior was built up with quadrangular houses, dug into the ground (fig.
35).
Eastern
settlement combined with it was its household base (fig.
128),
while the western settlement, separated from the stronghold
with a ditch was of a rather more autonomous character. In both settlements built up surface did not undergo any significant
changes. Together with all the complex significance,
microregional
structure, controlling nearby trade route, reaching in 2nd half
of
IO"1
century as far as Masovia, also increased. It can be assumed, that the surface of the area used by its inhabitants at that
time amounted about
60
km2 and also took up the grounds situated in the other
Drwęca
bank.
Transformation in progress, as far as pottery production is concerned in 2nd half of 10th century, is clearly reflected in
collections from the stronghold, where almost all the dishes are completely wheel-thrown. Specialized production character
inspired other potters, who tried to imitate new patterns, creating vessels with similar form and ornamentation. It found its
confirmation in growth of dish forms and their decorations, because new motifs were introduced
-
made by stylus (grooving,
piercing, seals). In turn, potters representing more sophisticated ways of vessel production used traditional ornamenting motifs.
Participation of double-cone vessels and similar in proportions S-shaped ones, on which ornamentation and throwing range
reaches below the biggest bulk of a shoulder, is now bigger than in the previous period.
Local pottery development in the beginning of 11th century was under strong influence of the Greater Poland and Kuyavia,
what can be associated with early Piasts' state development falling for that period, and the fact that
Chełmno
Land and
Pomerania
were incorporated into its borders. It this way, the settlement complex in Napole was subjected to new authorities.
Its rebuilding in the
1st
half of 11th century resulted in more defensive character even in the two settlements territory, which
were surrounded with massive ditches. Total surface of settlements and the stronghold area, matched that way, amounted
from
2
to
2,5
ha (fig.
128).
Materials classified as examples of stage V (beginning of
11*
сепШгу-г./З.
quarter of 11th century),
represented only by vessel series from western settlement and ones of stage VI (2./3. quarter of
11*
century
-
the end of 11th
century) (fig.
122, 123)
refer to the discussed period. This is the period, when another important fact, connected with local
pottery development took place; home manufacturing and specialized craftsmen production may have been separated from
each other. The latter was related with progressing standardization, which idea was to unify technological process, dish forms
and decorations. New forms appear
-
completely wheel-thrown and high quality flagon-shaped vessels ornamented on all the
surface with regular groovings and S-shaped ones with lowered shoulders and clearly marked narrowed part below the mouth,
associating to items known from Greater Poland and Kuyavia. Moreover, double-cone dishes with shoulder bending placed high
and decorated with geometrical seals are made. Another artifacts, three-element examples with distinguished neck, belonging
to „J" vessel family, known from
Pomerania,
are characteristic, as well. Local production also characterized with cups on hollow
legs and three-segment bowl. New reported forms include flagon-shaped dishes with cylindrical neck, ornamented with ribs.
The end of 11th century noted even more distinct progress in vessel production in Napole microregion (stage
VII
of
/ocal
pottery development) (fig.
123).
Political and economic changes taking place in neighboring Masovia at that time contributed
to this fact. The stronghold was rebuilt again, what could have been the consequence of administrative changes (incorporating
the basin of lower
Drwęca
River to Stekiin castellany, being administratively a part of Masovia) and ownership structure (it was
included in
Płock
bishop's stipend appointed as authority about
1075).
The building area, surrounded with ditches, however,
was only slightly enlarged -total of about
3-4
ha (fig.
128).
Changes in Napole pottery were under the strongest influence of Masovia (Jedwabno style). Vessels of similar proportions,
unified sizes, made of carefully prepared clay, leaned by small-grained mineral admixture, were produced. High products' quality
is visible, first of all, in perfectly thrown walls and proper firing. Leading forms include four-element dishes with distinguished
neck and flagon-shaped ones with cylindrical neck. Changes are also seen in case of outlets; they are long, strongly bent with
double rim
„1"
shaped and they are elbow-like broken. Standardization also appears in ornamenting; majority of vessels have
solely grooving or grooving combined with simple piercing made by chisel or cuts (local pottery style is formed-Napole style).
Subsequent changes are observable in
1st
half of
12"'
century (stage
VIII
of pottery development) (fig.
123).
Collections of
this stage report clear increase of high quality of dish participation
-
with segment smooth neck and the other ones
-
flagon-
shaped ones with cylindrical neck, ornamented with ribs or lines cut deep. Outlets are strongly bent out, with straight rims and in
SUMMARY
361
case of ones with cylindrical necks they are placed vertically with characteristic barb. Simplification also concerns ornamentation
-
single motif compositions mainly.
The described period reported substantial rebuilding of settlement structures, which also concerned Napole complex
(Ostrowite). Surface of both settlements built areas diminished, and was limited only to economic functions for the stronghold,
which in turn was administrative center of Ostrowite key (fig.
128).
Total change of western settlement function is expressed in
about half of
12*
century, by locating in this place a small cemetery for the stronghold inhabitants.
Last distinguished breakthrough in pottery making occurred in stage IX
(2nd
half of 12th C-1./2 quarter of 13th century), and is
related with complete decline of traditional pottery production, associated with vessels partly thrown (fig.
123).
All workshops
used only high-speed pottery wheel and implemented tape-gliding technique. Majority of dishes from this stage consist
of four elements and are equipped with cylindrical neck (total of
70%),
characterized by high quality of manufacturing. The
biggest change reported as far as morphology is concerned, is the increase of strongly bulged shoulders and bent neck
vessels' participation. Decorations are dominated by single motif compositions and in case of multi-motifs compositions
-
with
completing motifs placed on crowning or on the main pattern. The end of local ceramic production is dated for the beginning
of 13th century and connected with Prussian invasion, which visible effect was devastation of Ostrowite complex properties.
Translated by
Ewa Józefowicz |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bojarski, Jacek 1967- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1044029900 |
| author_facet | Bojarski, Jacek 1967- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bojarski, Jacek 1967- |
| author_variant | j b jb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041655665 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)885201344 (DE-599)BVBBV041655665 |
| era | Geschichte 500-900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 500-900 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / zabytki jhpk Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / kolonizacja jhpk Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern (DE-588)4596758-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / zabytki Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / kolonizacja Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern |
| id | DE-604.BV041655665 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-18T18:10:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788323129837 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027096171 |
| oclc_num | 885201344 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 361 s. il. 30 cm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bojarski, Jacek 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1044029900 aut Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych Jacek Bojarski Toruń Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika 2012 361 s. il. 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Early mediaeval settlement microregion in Napole, Chełmno Land Bibliogr. s. 345-358 Geschichte 500-900 gnd rswk-swf Ceramika średniowieczna / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) jhpk Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) jhpk Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Töpferei (DE-588)4253993-6 gnd rswk-swf Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / zabytki jhpk Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / kolonizacja jhpk Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern (DE-588)4596758-1 gnd rswk-swf Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern (DE-588)4596758-1 g Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 s Töpferei (DE-588)4253993-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 500-900 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027096171&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027096171&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Bojarski, Jacek 1967- Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych Ceramika średniowieczna / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) jhpk Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) jhpk Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Töpferei (DE-588)4253993-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002827-6 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4253993-6 (DE-588)4596758-1 |
| title | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych |
| title_auth | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych |
| title_exact_search | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych |
| title_full | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych Jacek Bojarski |
| title_fullStr | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych Jacek Bojarski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych Jacek Bojarski |
| title_short | Wczesnośredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w Napolu na ziemi chełmińskiej |
| title_sort | wczesnosredniowieczny mikroregion osadniczy w napolu na ziemi chelminskiej wytworczosc garncarska jako zrodlo poznania lokalnych procesow osadniczych |
| title_sub | wytwórczość garncarska jako źródło poznania lokalnych procesów osadniczych |
| topic | Ceramika średniowieczna / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) jhpk Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) jhpk Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Töpferei (DE-588)4253993-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ceramika średniowieczna / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Napole (powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) Archäologie Funde Töpferei Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / zabytki Napole (Polska, powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) / kolonizacja Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027096171&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027096171&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bojarskijacek wczesnosredniowiecznymikroregionosadniczywnapolunaziemichełminskiejwytworczoscgarncarskajakozrodłopoznanialokalnychprocesowosadniczych |