Ecosystem dynamics: from the past to the future
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester
Wiley Blackwell
2014
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | X, 321 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781119970774 9781119970767 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | From the past to the future
Richard H.W. Bradshaw
Saence:
or
Liverpool,
U
Martin T. Sykes
Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden
This book examines terrestrial ecosystem dynamics from the past and into the future. Many ecosystems today are responding to
the dual pressures of rapid climate change and intensified human impact and this analysis places these changes in a temporal
context to show the past state of ecosystems and explore where they might be headed. A major theme is the dynamic interaction
between human societies and ecosystem functioning and services. The book offers a special analysis of the cultural services
provided by ecosystems through time. Data and insights from the last
10 000
years are used to place present-day ecosystem
status into a temporal perspective and to test models that generate forecasts of future conditions.
There are detailed descriptions of research tools such as ecosystem and biodimatic models, and the authors introduce the data
used for the analysis of ecological processes past, present and future. Various types of future scenario are discussed and some
sociological aspects are covered in addition to ecological and climatic issues. The analyses of trends in biodiversity highlight
some emergent principles for conservation and generate suggestions of how to handle dynamic processes in land management.
The book is authoritative but accessible and provides a useful background for undergraduate and postgraduate students of
geography, geology, environmental sciences, conservation, ecology, biology and paleoecology, as well as practitioners and
researchers interested in the balance between culture and nature and in future sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems.
Unique in its long timescale (last
10000
years), this text places modern ecosystems within a dynamic perspective
Unites key aspects from bioscience and Earth science in an innovative and relevant manner
Includes palaeodata—model comparisons to test the ecosystem models used to forecast future conditions
Describes interactions between society and ecosystem functions and sen/ices
Provides temporal analysis of ecosystem services to generate insight into future sustainable management of terrestrial
ecosystems
Describes the implications of ecosystem dynamics for conservation biology
Full colour throughout, including maps, tables, figures and photographs
Global case studies
Comoanion Web lite
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Acknowledgements
About the companion website
IX
X1
1
Where Are We and How Did We Arrive Here?
1.1
Why this book?
1.2
Ecosystems in crisis
1.3
Relevance of the past
1.4
Forecasting the future
1.5
Chapter details and logic
1.6
For whom is the book intended?
1.7
Four key questions and the links to poLicy
1
1
2
5
7
9
12
13
ä*.
2.1
2.3
г
Ой;
4.A
How did these models develop?
Climate data, climate and earth system models
round ecosystem, vegetation and species models
Vegetation models
Species-level modelling
Equilibrium physiologically-based modelling of species
Statistical equilibrium modelling of species
Some uncertainties and assumptions that apply generally
to bioclimatic models
Models of intermediate complexity
Biogeochemistry integrated into equilibrium biome models
Integrating biome and NPP models
k modelling
Local to landscape scales; forest gap
modelling
Regional to global scales: dynamic global vegetation modelling
ating
models
Earth system models
Integrated assessment models
Agent-based models
•r readino
15
15
16
аб
18
18
25
27
ЗО
31
32
33
35
36
36
38
44
44
45
48
48
vs
CONTENTS
3
Data
49
3.1
Introduction
49
3.2
Which data are relevant?
50
3.3
Ecosystem dynamics: direct observation
51
3.3.1
Phenology
51
3.3.2
Biological monitoring
53
3.4
Ecosystem dynamics: indirect measurement or proxy data
56
3.4.1
Historical ecology
57
3.4.2
Palaeoecotogy
58
3.4.3
Pollen analysis
60
3.4.4
Charcoal and fire scars
63
3.5
Drivers of ecosystem dynamics
67
3.5.1
Paiaeoclimates and greenhouse gases
67
3.5.2
Human impact on ecosystem dynamics
69
3.6
Databases
70
3.7
Gaps in available data and approaches
70
4
Climate Change and Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics:
A Complex Relationship
73
4.1
Introduction
73
4.2
Reconstructing climate from biological data
74
4.3
The very Long records of vegetation dynamics
78
4.4
Holocene records
81
4.5
Modelling of Holocene vegetation dynamics to help understand pollen data
83
4.5.1
Climate or peopLe? The Tilia-Fogus transition in Draved Forest, Denmark
86
4.5.2
Climate or migration biology? The late-Holocene spread of
Picea
into southern Fennoscandia
87
4.5.3
Fogus in Europe
91
4.6
Simulating Fennoscandian Holocene forest dynamics
94
4.6.1
Holocene dynamics of the Sahara
98
4.7
Climate and megafaunal extinction
101
4.7.1
Recent range shifts
103
4.8
So how important is climate change for future millennial ecosystem dynamics?
103
5
The Role of Episodic Events in Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics:
Where the Wild Strawberries Grow
109
5.1
Introduction
109
5.2
Fire
115
5.2.1
Past to present fire
116
5.2.2
Present to future fire
121
5.2.3
Modelling fire
121
5.2.4
Modelling ignition
122
5.2.5
Modelling fire spread
124
5.2.6
Data-model comparison
128
5.3
Forest pathogens during the Holocene
131
5.4
Hurricanes and wind damage
135
5.5
Conclusion
139
6
The Impact of Past and Future Human Exploitation on Terrestrial
Ecosystem Dynamics
141
6.1
Introduction
141
CONTENTS
v«
6.2
Oenmark:
case study of human impact during the Hoiocene
146
6.3
Islands: sensitive indicators of human impact
152
6.4
Human influence on Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forests
157
6.5
The tropics
163
6.6
Spatial
upscaling
of the timing and ecosystem consequences of human impact
164
ЖКбптзі
Ecosystem
Dynamics
and The - Relationship to Ecosystem
Servíais:
Le;
І
à
Λ
d
ї іхШГЄ
173
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,-
■
-j
у
■■■<
11
lAl
ssïis
■Нслхюг)
176
■ .ill
P:ov:Sii/nir:çi
services
176
/-Г:.·-
¡Ïi-qüiSÏ i:;;
services
177
Ι-ί,ϊ
llj .íura: ser-ices
177
•-15.
ι
How
dk-
we ges
here? A palasű
pe
speet-
vy
181
■13,,.:
Picví^coinq
services
in
che
past
182
ľ
1.3
Regulating services in the past
185
Ví
Λ
Cultues!,
ѕе-лсеѕ
γρ.
the past
189
АЗ,::
Supporting
senAceí
A;
lhe
pest
190
As ecosystem cprvk.es ?nd the
future
193
cl
ReUtuig
the
¡Гіі .Ті -Ї.йГ апсє :.А
biodiversity
*cv ecosvsíen service
provision
19?
Al
Scenarios
or
posrbi«
fututes: some
différent
approaches
197
Afeli
IFCC Special
repen:
on errnss;on scenarios
199
7.0.2
MEA
seccano:;
201
7.0.3
ALARM scenarios
203
7.7.1
ИЕА
sceoönos
204
7.7.2
SRfS
sceiìarios
205
7,73
ALARM
ѕсепгтоѕ
207
8
Cultural Ecosystem Services
211
8.1
Introduction
211
8.2
Sacred sites and species
212
8.2.1
Some examples from around the globe
214
8.3
Cultural landscapes: biodiverse relicts of former land use systems
219
8.4
Hunting as a cultural ecosystem service
221
9
Conservation
225
9.1
Conservation as we know it
225
9.2
Knowledge of the past: reLevance for conservation
228
9.2.1
Fire history, conservation and ecosystem restoration
229
9.2.2
Ecosystem restoration
234
9.2.3
The wood pasture debate
235
9.2.4
Reference states or baselines?
237
9.3
Conservation in practice: protected areas
(Natura
2000) 242
9.4
Conservation and a Lie
η
or invasive species
244
9.4.1
Alien species, climate change and conservation
248
9.5
Global change, biodiversity and conservation in the future
253
9.5.1
The Convention on biological diversity
254
9.5.2
Atlas of biodiversity
risk
255
9.6
Conclusion
257
Viu
CONTENTS
10
Where Are We Headed?
10.1
Introduction
10.2
Emergent themes and important underlying concepts
10.2.1
How have ecosystems changed in the past?
10.2.2
How much of this change is attributable to human activities?
10.2.3
How much change is anticipated for the future?
10.2.4
What are the appropriate ecosystem management measures by which to
prepare for the future?
References
Glossary
Index
259
259
262
262
263
264
265
271
297
311
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| spelling | Bradshaw, Richard H. W. Verfasser (DE-588)1052225675 aut Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes 1. publ. Chichester Wiley Blackwell 2014 X, 321 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Langzeitverhalten (DE-588)4120653-8 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Erde (DE-588)1135962553 gnd rswk-swf Erde (DE-588)1135962553 g Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Langzeitverhalten (DE-588)4120653-8 s DE-604 Sykes, Martin T. Verfasser (DE-588)1052225632 aut Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027025805&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027025805&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120653-8 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)1135962553 |
| title | Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future |
| title_auth | Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future |
| title_exact_search | Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future |
| title_full | Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes |
| title_fullStr | Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes |
| title_short | Ecosystem dynamics |
| title_sort | ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future |
| title_sub | from the past to the future |
| topic | Langzeitverhalten (DE-588)4120653-8 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Langzeitverhalten Ökosystem Erde |
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